HISTORY 



OF 



WORCESTER 



WAR OF THE REBELLION. 



BY 



ABIJAH P. MARVIN, 

AUTHOR OF THE " HISTORY OF WINCHENDON. 



" The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here; but il can never forget what 
they did here." — Abraham Lincoln, at Gettysburg. 



NEW EDITION, 

WITH ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 



WORCESTER: 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 

1 880. 



Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S70, 

By ABIJAH P. MARVIN, 

In the Office of the Librarla.i of Congress, at Washington. 



6 



11 



EXPLANATORY NOTE. 



This History was first published in 1870. It was well received by 
the press, and by the subscribers generally ; but unfortunately a num- 
ber of errors in relation to members of Company D, of the Fifteenth 
Regiment, excited the just indignation of the soldiers, in which the 
members of other regiments participated to some e:ftent ; and, 
though the fault did not belong to the author, yet the sale of the 
work was, none the less, diminished. A word of explanation will be 
permitted. 

The rolls of the soldiers' names were made up with great care from 
the annual reports of the Adjutant-General of the State. After sixty 
pages of fine print had been stereotyped, it was found that the State 
was preparing the work known as the " Massachusetts Volunteers." 
To perfect the " Roll of Honor " I obtained liberty to compare it 
with the names in the two volumes of the "Volunteers," then in 
sheets and about ready for publication. The errors were so numer- 
ous that the whole fist of sixty pages, small type, had to be thrown 
away, and a new one made to take its place. This was supposed to 
be correct, as it was official. But it was found, after the History was 
issued, that there were several gross and shameful errors in the roll of 
Company D, Fifteenth Regiment. For example, a soldier who had 
fallen in battle was marked as a deserter, and a deserter had the 
credit of giving his life for his country. Such mistakes deserved the 
reproach of the soldiers ; but the reproach and the loss fell upon me, 
while it justly belonged to the State. But there was no help for it, 
though the proved accuracy of this work, with the above exception, 
has made it an authority. 

From that day to this it has been my intention to issue a corrected 
edition, but various causes have hindered until the present time. In 
this edition, the two pages — 550 and 551 — have been stereotyped 
anew, as they could not be corrected in the plates, and will be found 



IV EXPLANATORY NOTE. 

in place. By the aid of friends a thorough revision of the whole vol- 
ume was made, and, as the result, the reader will find two or three 
pages of additions and corrections. In addition the proceedings at 
the dedication of the Soldiers' Monument, July 15, 1874, with the 
speeches and orations made on that occasion, are given in full. To 
make the work complete, a new picture of the monument, made ex- 
pressly for this work, is inserted. 

These corrections and additions have been made at considerable 
expense, — Avithout any of that municipal encouragement which the 
towns of this Commonwealth are accustomed to render to such un- 
dertakings, — for the purpose of making this a standard work in 
regard to the part taken by the enlightened and patriotic city of 
Worcester in suppressing the great Rebellion. If this edition shall 
meet with a demand among the soldiers whose heroic deeds and en- 
durance are described therein with a loving and admiring pen, the 
author will be gratified ; but, if not, he will have the satisfaction that 
comes from the expressed approbation of many citizens distinguished 
in military and civil life, whose favorable opinion has been condensed 
in the following sentence, taken from the oration of the Hon. A. H. 
Bullock, delivered at the dedication of the monument : " Fortunate- 
ly the whole of this history has been collated and published with hon- 
orable industry and impartiality, in a memorial volume, which the 
present generation cannot afford to neglect, and which will surely be 
appreciated by the next, as having a great and rare value." 

A. P. M. 

Lancaster, November, 18S0. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The origin of this work may be stated in few words. In 
the early autumn of last year, I consulted several gentlemen 
of this city in relation to a history of Worcester during the 
late civil war. I found that, in the opinion of these gentle- 
men, some of whom were prominent as military veterans, 
such a work was very desirable ; that it ought to be prepared 
immediately while the actors in the contest were alive to give 
correct information ; and that all those who might be con- 
sidered competent to do the work, were otherwise employed. 
Several were pleased to speak words of encouragement to me 
in relation to the undertaking. Having had some experience 
in writing local history, and finding pleasure in the employ- 
ment, I concluded to begin the volume which is now com- 
pleted. And I gratefully add that the gentlemen already 
referred to, and others with whom the preparation of this his- 
tory has brought me into occasional intercourse, have con- 
stantly given me the favor of their encouragement, and when 
sought for, the aid of their suggestions. 

The design of the work is to give a complete history of 
Worcester in the war against the rebellion, from the begin- 
ning to the close. Such a history should include all that was 
done at home, as well as in the field, in aiding the general 
government to suppress the rebellion. The history of one 
re<yiment, or of twenty regiments, however full and particular. 



4 INTRODUCTION. 

would not be a history of Worcester. There was a peculiar 
life at home, as well as in the camp and on the battle-field. 
It was this home life and action which sent successive regi- 
ments to the war, filled their broken ranks, and encouraged 
them to see the end of the contest in the overthrow of the 
rebellion. This home life in the time of war, was ever 
expressing itself in the pulpit, on the platform, through the 
press, by the associated labor of ladies, and amid all the vari- 
eties of social and business activity. This history was designed 
therefore to embrace the life of Worcester at home and in the 
field, during the entire period of the war. 

The plan of the work was arranged to carry out the design 
in the most lucid order. This was a matter of much thought 
and consultation. The first idea was to give a connected 
narrative of events and doings at home, during the whole four 
years and more, while the contest lasted, and then follow with 
a separate history of each regiment which was organized in 
Worcester, during its whole term of service. It was finally 
considered wisest to proceed by annual periods. I have 
therefore, in the first five chapters, related the history of the 
first year of the war, including the organization of troops, and 
their conduct in actual warfare. Then the history of matters 
pertaining to the war at home, during the year 1862, is nar- 
rated at some length. This is followed by a narrative of the 
action of each regiment which represented the city in the war, 
during the same year. And thus the work proceeds to the 
close of the war. Then comes the news of victory, and the 
glad manifestations of joy that the nation was preserved in its 
integrity, and forever purged from the fouj plague of slavery. 
The extraordinary and heart-felt lamentations over the mar- 
tyred president, Mr. Lincoln, demanded ample space. Here, 



INTRODUCTION. 5 

Strictly speaking, the history of the part which Worcester bore 
in the war, came to a close ; but the remaining two hundred 
pages could not be omitted, nor condensed. The State Guard 
played an important part during the contest, and had a fair 
claim to all the space accorded to it. The vast and most 
beneficent work of the patriotic women of Worcester, 
deserves a more full and particular recital. Their sympathy 
was a constant inspiration to their fathers, husbands, sons and 
brothers, who stood by the flag when death made wild havoc 
around them. The cost of the war needed to be told to the 
generations to come, that they may have a just conception of 
the price paid for the unity and purity of the magnificent em- 
pire they will inherit. It was most fitting that a tribute 
should be paid to our fallen heroes, although no eulogy could 
do them justice. And the Roll of Honor, which includes all 
the officers and men who were credited to Worcester, could 
not be left out without doing injustice to every m.an who 
periled his life in the " high places of the field." The necessity 
of the case has compelled me to add eighty pages to the work 
beyond the five hundred promised in the prospectus, on which 
the price of the volume was based ; but impelled by a desire 
to make the history complete, I have freely incurred the in- 
creased expense, with little hope of an adequate return. 

My sources of information have been various. The 
Reports of the Adjutant-General have supplied the essential 
facts given in the several regimental histories. The Daily 
Spy, the proprietors of which have kindly given me free access 
to their files, and the Palladium, complete copies of which 
for the five years of the war, were liberally presented to me 
by the publisher, have furnished ample information in regard 
to war matters both at home, and in the service. The files 



O INTRODUCTION. 

of the Transcript and the ^gis have been consulted. Mr. 
Haven, the librarian of the American Antiquarian Society, and 
Mr. Barton, his assistant, by their unfailing kindness and cour- 
tesy, have made every visit to the Hall a pleasure, while their 
abundant store of periodicals, pamphlets and manuscripts, have 
been freely used. Mr. Nathaniel Paine, during the progress 
of the contest, made cuttings from the papers of the day, 
which covered everything relating to Worcester in the war. 
These were generously placed at my disposal. Mr. Smith, the 
city clerk, Mr. Wheeler, the treasurer, and Major Stone, pro- 
vost marshal for the Eighth District, have rendered material 
aid. The leading officers in the war from this city, have given 
very valuable information. The history of each regiment has 
been read to the commanding officer, when practicable ; when 
not, to some other officer. Generals Devens, Sprague, Pickett, 
Lincoln and Goodell ; Colonel Joslin, Major Raymond, Major 
Harlow, and Captain Thompson, have imparted much informa- 
tion, either oral or documentary. To the four gentlemen first 
named, I am under special obligations. Much of the fullness 
and accuracy of this volume are due to them. These things 
are not said for the purpose of shifting responsibility for the 
correctness of the history from myself There are errors and 
mistakes, of course. Such defects are unavoidable where so 
large a number of events and actors are described and named. 
Probably mistakes of judgment will also be found. But the 
candid reader is requested to consider the difficulty — the 
impossibility, even — of attaining perfect accuracy in a work of 
this kind. It will be found that the " Record of the Massachu- 
setts Volunteers," published by the adjutant-general, under 
State authority, is not free from errors, though prepared with 
the utmost care. 



INTRODUCTION. 7 

The inherent difficulties of the work were almost 
insurmountable. It is quite impossible to preserve strict 
unity of subject in a work of this kind. In the case of a war 
between two cities, like Athens and Sparta, there is complete 
unity of action, and the narrative of the struggle would have 
historic unity. But in the late war. Worcester was but a 
municipality, and its action was mingled with that of the 
Commonwealth in support of the Union. City, state and 
national officials were engaged in doing the same thing. 
Then the unity of our martial history was broken into frag- 
ments by the fact that our men were scattered through so 
many different regiments. They were united in diiferent 
brigades, divisions and corps, and sent to widely distant 
parts of the country. Some fought in one battle, and some 
in another a thousand miles asunder. This being the case, I 
concluded to secure as much unity amid diversity as possible 
by giving the action of the city and the citizens at home, for 
a year, and then following the different bodies of the soldiers 
to their respective fields of service. The result is left to the 
judgment of a discriminating but indulgent public. 

The engravings, which add so much to the beauty and 
value of the volume have been furnished by friends, since the 
limited circulation of a local history would not warrant the 
publisher in obtaining them. No portraits have been inserted 
except of gentlemen intimately connected with the history of 
Worcester in the war. With regard to the officers and sol- 
diers whose pictures adorn these pages, there will be no ques- 
tion. It was obviously proper to give the portraits of the 
mayors of the city during the contest. Mr. Bullock had a 
quasi-official relation to the war, as the representative of the 
city for three successive years in the chair of the Speaker of 



5 INTRODUCTION. 

the House of Representatives, and from the fact, that, by unan- 
imous consent of his party, he was guheruator designatiis ere 
the war closed. Judge Allen had more influence in shaping 
events which led the North to resist the demands of the 
South, and so in giving character to the contest, than any 
man in the city, if not in the State. Besides, he was one of 
the delegates appointed by Governor Andrew to the conven- 
tion held in Washington in the early part of i86i,to devise 
means, if possible, to avert disunion. The spirit and activity 
of the venerable Governor Lincoln, in support of the govern- 
ment, when his great age is considered, were wonderful. As 
the " most venerable and distinguished citizen of Massachu- 
setts," living at the close of the war, his face will be greeted 
here by all with respectful favor. The portraits of several 
brave and faithful officers will be missed by many who open 
these pages. It is a matter of regret that they are not here, 
but all suitable efforts to obtain them were unavailing. 

With these remarks, I commit this volume, the preparation 
of which has been a very agreeable occupation, to the kind 
consideration of the citizens of Worcester, with the hope that 
it will find a hospitable reception in many homes. 

A. P. MARVIN. 

Worcester, November, 1870. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

THE UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE, 



Attack on Fort Sumter, page 17 ; Reception of the news in Worcester, 18; City 
Guards, 18; Light Infantry, 19; Meeting in City Hall, 19; Election of 
officers, 20; Breakfast for the Light Infantry, 21 ; Affecting incident, 21; 
Departure of the Infantry, 21 ; Names of the Infantry, 22 ; City Guards, 
23 ; Action of the Banks, 23 ; Action of the City Council, 23 ; Emmet 
Guards, 23 ; Soldiers' weddings, 24 ; " Red, white and blue," 24 ; Action 
of the physicians, 25 ; The Oread flag, 25 ; Third Battalion Rifles, 26 ; 
City Guards, 27 ; Holden Rifles, 28 ; Emmet Guards, 29 ; Speech of 
Mayor Davis, 30; Dr. Hill's prayer, 30 ; Remarks of Major Devens, 31 ; 
Presents to soldiers, 31; Address of Mr. Hoar, 32 ; Reply of Adjutant 
Goodhue, 32 ; Farewell meeting of the Emmet Guards, 33 ; Departure 
of the Third Battalion, 33, 34. 

CHAPTER II. 

PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 

The Pulpit on the War, 35 ; Address of Dr. Hill, 36 ; Discourse of Mr. Rich- 
ardson, 38; Influence of the Press, 38-40; The Platform, public meet- 
ing, 41 ; Activity of the ladies, 42 ; Articles sent to the soldiers by Major 
Hall, 43 ; Soldier's, letter, 44 ; Flag-raising, 45 ; First New Hampshire 
Regiment, 46 ; Home Guards, 47 ; Military companies, 47 ; Incidents, 48. 



CHAPTER III. 

THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 

The Light Infantry in the Capitol, 49 ; Letter from Dexter Parker, 50 ; Reli- 
gious services in the Senate Chamber, 51 ; Life in the camp, 52 ; Out in the 
storm, 53 ; Patriotic ladies of Elk Ridge Valley, 54 ; March to Federal 
Hill, 55; Visits and presents from home, 56; Scouting, 57; More 
visitors, 58 ; Presentation of banners, 59 ; Time expired, 59 ; Voting to 
stay, 60 ; Receptions in Philadelphia and New York, and Worcester, 61 ; 
Collation on Boston Common, 61 ; Ovation at Lowell, 61 ; Welcome 
home, 62. 



10 CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER IV. 

CAMPAIGN OF THE THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 

Greeting on the route, and reception in New York, 64 ; Arrival at Annapolis, 65 ; 
" Overcoats," 66 ; " Bayonets that think," 67 ; Sunday in camp, 68 ; Arrest 
of a soldier, 68; Life 'in Fort McHenry, 70; Fourth of July, 71 ; First 
death, 71 ; Expeditions, 72; Patriotism of the battalion, 73; Return home 
and reception, 74 ; Letter of Colonel Devens, 75 ; Extract from the Spy, 
76; Report of the surgeon, 77. 



CHAPTER V. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE FIFTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST AND TWENTY-FIFTH 

REGIMENTS. 

Abolition of slavery, 79; Funeral of Senator Douglass, 79; First camp in Wor- 
cester, 80 ; Sunday in Camp Scott, 81 ; Routine of the Camp, 82 ; Bon- 
fires and flags, 82 ; Reading for the soldiers, 83 ; Speech of Mr. Hoar, 84 ; 
Departure of the Fifteenth, 86; Camp Lincoln, 87; Sabbath service in the 
camp, 88 ; Visits to the camp, 89 ; Address of Mr. Bullock, 90 ; Departure 
of the Twenty-first ; Address of Dr. Cheever, 92; War meeting, 94-97 
Presentations to officers, 98 ; Services in the Old South, 99 ; A Teutonic 
Speech, 100 ; Party in Salem Street Church, loi ; Address of Governor 
Andrew loi ; Farewell to the Twenty-fifth, 102 ; Patriotic boys, 104; Fast 
Day services, 105, 106. 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL'S BLUFF. 

Camp Foster, 107 ; Letters from the camp, 108, 109 ; Scouting by Captain Phil- 
brick, no; Driving rebel pickets, no; Opening of the battle of Ball's 
Bluff, III; Fearful position of our men, 112; Terrific fighting, 1 13 ; Passing 
the Potomac, 114; Chaplain Scandlin, 115; Noble conduct of the regi- 
ment, 116; Fame of Colonel Devens, 117; Incidents of the battle, 118; 
Sufferings of the soldiers, 119; Thanksgiving discourses, 120; War 
meeting in the City Hall, 121 ; Everett and Dickinson, 121 ; Letters 
from Ball's Bluff, 122, 123. 



CHAPTER VII. 

SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 

Inaugural Address of Mayor Aldrich, 124; Extract from Milton, 125 ; Captured 
rebel flags, 126 ; The O'Neils, 127 ; Rapid volunteering, 128 ; Major 
Pratt's battalion, 129; Great war meeting in Mechanics Hall, 130 ; Boun- 
ties by the city, 131 ; Bounties by individuals, 132; Voice of the pulpit. 



CONTENTS. I I 

132 ; Immense meeting on the Common, 133 ; Meeting in Mechanics Hall, 
134) 135 ; Thirty-fourth Regiment, 136 ; Presentation of a flag to the 
Thirty-fourth, 137; Roster of the regiment, 138; Third Battalion Rifles, 
138; War meeting, 138; Colors to the Thirty-sixth, 139; Roster, 139; 
War meetings, 140; Colored volunteers, 140; Battle of Antietam, 140; 
Nomination of John D. Baldwin, 140 ; Quota more than full, War meet- 
ings, Speech of Charles Sumner, 141; Flag for the Fifty-first from little 
girls, — Roster of the regiment, 142; Thanksgiving, 1862, 143; Annual 
election, 144 ; " Blue and Gold," 145. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 

Illusions dispersed, 146 ; Effect of Bull Run and Ball's Bluff, 146 ; Advantages 
at the west, 146 ; Quality of our soldiers, 147 ; The Fifteenth at Harper's 
Ferry, 147 ; At Yorktown, and Camp Eltham, 148 ; Battle of Fair Oaks, 
stout fighting, 149 ; Fight at Savage Station, 150 ; The Fifteenth cool and 
brave under fire, 151 ; Praise from Generals Sedgwick and Gorman, 151 ; 
Fighting near Washington, 152 ; Battle of Antietam, 153 ; Great losses of 
the regiment, 154; Winter quarters at Falmouth, 155. — The Twenty-first 
Regiment, 155; Its efficiency at Roanoke Island, 156; Flag to company 
D, Captain T. S. Foster, 157 ; Battle of Newbern, 157 ; Transported to 
Acquia Creek, 158 ; Bull Run, No. 2, 158; Battle at Chantilly, 159; An- 
tietam, 159; Losses in the battle at Fredericksburg, 160. — The Twenty- 
fifth in New York, 161 ; Poetical welcome, 162 ; Scenes in the camp near 
Annapolis, 163 ; Divine service and prayer-meetings, 164; Bravery at 
Roanoke Island, 165 ; Stiff fighting at Newbern, 166 ; Capture of flags by 
Captain O'Neil, 167 ; Expedition to Trenton, 167 ; A sword to Colonel 
Upton, 167 ; Various expeditions, 168 ; General Burnside commends the 
Twenty-fifth, 169. — The Thirty-fourth proceeds to Alexandria, 169. — The 
Thirty-sixth campaigning in Maryland, 170. — The Fifty-first in its first 
expedition, 171. 

CHAPTER IX. 

WAR MATTERS IN WORCESTER IN THE THIRD YEAR, 

Business in Worcester, 173 ; Demand for labor, 174; Inaugural Address of 
Mayor Lincoln, 174; Soldiers and bounties, 175; Costume promenade, 
brilliant, 175; Colored recruits for Colonel Shaw's Regiment, 175; Fast 
Day services, 176; Rejoicing over Gettysburg and Vicksburg, 176; Draft- 
ing, 177; Efforts to raise troops, 178; Public meeting, 179; Rev. Mr. 
Souther a bright example, 180; Immense meeting in Mechanics Hall, iSo ; 
Slavery a foul blot, 181 ; The crusader's talisman, i8i ; Other war meet- 
ings, 182 ; Bold Roman citizen, 183 ; The nature of the war, 183; More 
war meetings, 184; Speeches of Judge Barton and General Devens, 1S5- 
187 ; Enlistments, 187. 



12 CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER X. 

THIRD YEAR. — SIX REGIMENTS IN ACTIVE SERVICE. 

Progress of the war, iS8 ; Advance of public opinion, iS8 ; The Fifteenth at 
Fredericksburg, 189 ; Marchings in rain and heat, 190 ; Hastening to 
Gettysburg, 191 ; Severe fighting on the second and third days of the 
battle, 192; Tracking the rebels, 193 ; Severe marches in Virginia, 193 ; 
Watching for a fight, 194 ; Fight near Bristow Station, 195 ; Winter 
quarters after incessant struggle. — The Twenty-first in Kentucky, 197 ; 
Action at Blue Springs, 198 ; Brilliant service in East Tennessee, 198 ; 
Siege of Knoxville, 199 ; Terrible slaughter of the rebels, 199 ; Re-enlist- 
ments, 200. — The Twenty-fifth in North Carolina, 200 ; Whipping the 
rebels, 201 ; Expedition to Deep Gully, 202 ; Fatiguing service, 203 ; 
Skirmishing, 204 ; March to Winton, 205 ; Proceed to Newport News, 
206 ; Furlough, 206 ; Forced march to Bottom's Bridge, Excellent con- 
duct of the soldiers 207. — The Thirty-fourth finely drilled, 208 ; Stationed 
at Harper's Ferry, 209 ; Smart fight near Berrysville, 209 ; Escape from 
Early, 210. — The Thirty-sixth off for Kentucky, 211; Long marches, 
212; Transferred to Vicksburg; 212; Pursuit of Johnston, 212 ; Terrible 
sufferings in Mississippi, 213 ; Fighting near Knoxville, 213 ; Skirmishing 
and fighting, 214; Siege — suffering — pluck, 215. — The Fifty-first skir- 
mishing, 216; Sickness, 216; Gunboat Hussar, 217 ; Term of service, 217 ; 
Sailing for Virginia, 218 ; Thence to Baltimore, 219; Rebels would not 
fight, 220 ; Reception in Worcester, 221. — The Forty-second, 222; Op- 
erating in Louisiana, 223. — The Fiftieth, Company I, Captain Powers, 
224 ; Siege of Port Hudson, 225 ; Passage home, 226. 



CHAPTER XL 

FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. — RE-ENLISTMENTS. 

Victories east and west, 227 ; Views of Dr. Sweetser, 228 ; Appeal of Mayor 
Lincoln, 228 ; Public meeting in Mechanics Hall, Sunday evening, — 
Address of Judge Allen, 229 ; Influence of the press, 230 ; Resolution 
by Hon. J. D. Baldwin, 231; State Guard and Mr. Souther, 232 ; Re- 
ception of furloughed men of the Twenty-fifth, 232 ; Resignation of Chap- 
lain James, 232 ; Swords to Captain Tucker and Lieutenant Goodwin, 
233 ; Reception of the Twenty-first, 234 ; Speeches of Colonels Clark and 
Hawkes, 235 ; Address by Mr. Bullock, 236; Losses of the regiment, 236 ; 
No whiskey rations, 236 ; Colonel Sprague joins the Second Heavy Artil- 
lery, 236 ; Reception of the Twenty-fifth, 237 ; Addresses by Messrs. Davis, 
Pickett, and Upton, 238; The Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth return to the 
field, 239 ; George Thompson in Mechanics Hall, 239 ; Flags for the 
Twenty-first and Fifty-seventh, 239 ; Annual Fast, 239 ; Presents to Mr. 
Souther, and State colors for the Fifty-seventh, 240; Roster of the 
Fifty-seventh, 240 ; Freedom Club, 241 ; Three months' troops, 241 ; Large 
bounties, 242 ; Escape of Colonel Lincoln, 242 ; Thanks for success, 242 ; 



CONTENTS. 13 

Dale Hospital, 242 ; Full quota, 243 ; Sermons before election, 243 ; Dis- 
course by Rev. H. T. Cheever, 244. 

CHAPTER XII. 

FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. — THE MINE. 

Resources of the North, 245 ; The Fifteenth on the Rapidan, 246 ; Meade and 
Grant, 246 ; The Wilderness campaign, 247 ; The regiment reduced to a 
platoon, 247 ; The fragments welcomed home, 248 ; The procession and 
collation, 249. — The Twenty-first moved from East Tennessee to Virginia, 
250 ; Charge upon the rebels, 251 ; Fighting at Spottsylvania, 252 ; Pass- 
ing the James River, 253 ; Battles, heat, dust, 253 ; Dying heroes, 254 ; 
The " Mine," 255 ; Saving the " silken rags," 255 ; Return of the regi- 
ment, after twenty-three battles, 256.— The Twenty-fifth moved from 
North Carolina to Virginia, 257 ; Fight at Port Walthall, 257 ; Defeat of 
the Twenty-fifth South Carolina Regiment, 258 ; Drury's Bluff, 259 ; Cold 
Harbor, 260 ; Time expired, 261 ; An honorable record, 262.— The 
Thirty-fourth at Harper's Ferry, 262 ; Battle of Newmarket, 263 ; Colonel 
Lincoln wounded, 264 ; Captain Bacon killed, 264 ; Battle of Piedmont, 
265 ; Marching and fighting, 265 ; Battle of Winchester, 266, 267 ; Fisher's 
Hill, 268 ; Death of Major Pratt, 269 ; Spoils, 269 ; Cedar Creek, 269 ; Sec- 
ond battle of Cedar Creek, 270 ; Removal to James River, 271 ; Nine bat- 
tles. —The Thirty-sixth leave East Tennessee for Virginia, 272 ; Colonel 
Goodell's wounds, 273 ; In the Wilderness, 273 ; Four months of fighting, 
273-275 ; Pegram Farm, Fort Rice, Losses of the regiment, 275. — The Fifty- 
seventh plunges into the Wilderness, and fights at Spottsylvania, 277 ; Over 
the James to Petersburg, 278 ; The " Crater," 279 ; Actions near the Wel- 
don railroad, 280 ; Marching in snow, sleet and rain, 281 ; Remnants of 
the Fifteenth, Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth regiments, doing good service, 
281-283 ; Men in various regiments, 284. — The Twenty-eighth fought in 
many battles, 286. 

CHAPTER XIII. 

CLOSING CAMPAIGN.— RETURN OF THE TROOPS. 
Triumph on land and sea, 287; Mayor Ball's address, 28S ; Freedom Club, 288 ; 
Funeral of Mr. Everett, 289 ; Fourteenth Amendment, 289 ; Flag for Dale 
Hospital, 290 ; Inauguration of Mr. Lincoln, 290 ; The Fifteenth, Twen- 
tieth, Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth Regiments, 291-293.— The Thirty- 
fourth at Battery Gregg, 294 ; Fighting to the last, 295 ; Return home, 
296. -The Thirty-sixth chasing Lee, 297-298.-The Fifty-seventh sees the 
end of the rebellion, 299.— The Second Heavy Artillery, 300-303-— The 
Fourth Heavy Artillery at Washington, 303-- The First Battalion Heavy 
Artillery at Fort Warren, 304.— The Second Cavalry under Sheridan, 
304-308.— The Fourth Cavalry holds Lee at bay, 310.— The Fifth Cavalry 
in Virginia and Texas. 



14 CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER XIV. 

MAJOR-GENERAL DEVENS. 

Early history, 313 ; Thomas Sims, 314; General Devens at Williamsburg, 315 ; 
At Fair Oaks, 315; Womided, 316 ; At Antietam, 317; Nominated for 
governor, 318 ; At Fredericksburg, 318; Commands a division at Chan- 
cellorsville, 319; Wounded again, 320; Commands the draft reserves, 

321 ; In the field again in 1864, at Arrowfield Church and Cold Harbor, 

322 ; Confined by sickness, 322 ; First to enter Richmond, 324 ; Major- 
General by brevet, 324 ; Commands the district of Charleston, 324 ; Judge 
of the Superior Court, 325. 



CHAPTER XV. 

CLOSE OF THE WAR. — REJOICING. — FOURTH OF JULY. 

Petersburg and Richmond evacuated, 326 ; Rejoicing in Worcester, 327 ; Illumi- 
nation, 328 ; Surrender of Lee, — bells and bonfires, 329 ; Processions and 
illuminations, 330; View from the Common, 331 ; Fourth of July, 332 ; 
Decorations, 333 ; Arches, 334; Dwellings and stores decorated, 335-336 ; 
The procession, 337-340 ; The Emblems, 341 ; Flags flying, 342 ; Dinner 
and speeches, 343-346 ; The Schools, 347-349 ; Trade Representations, 
349-351 ; The illuminations, 351. 

CHAPTER XVI. 

DEATH OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 

Providential fast, 353-355 ; Mr. Banvard's prayer, 357 ; Mayor Ball's address, 
358 ; Mourning in Mechanics Hall, 359 ; Solemn music and sacred hymns, 
360 ; Mourning in the churches, 362 ; Funeral of Mr. Lincoln, 364 ; Poem 
"In Memoriam," 365; Tolling of the bells, 366; Discourses, 367-371 ; 
Action of the Antiquarian Society, and Mr. Salisbury's address, 372; Re- 
solves of the City Government, 373 ; Final Services in the churches, 375 - 
378 ; Requiem by Rev. Mr. Huntington, 380 ; Eulogy in Mechanics Hall, 
379-384 ; Choral, by Dr. Holmes, 384 ; Mr. Lincoln a Christian, 386. 

CHAPTER XVII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Staff officers, 387-391 ; Worcester in the Navy, 392-394 ; Worcester soldiers in 
other towns and states, 395-396 ; Colored troops from Worcester, 397. 



CONTENTS. 15 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Soldiers' Relief Society, 3985 Letter from Dr. Eliot, 400 ; Stores and cash, 401 ; 
Soldiers' Rest, 403 - 405 ; Sanitary and Christian Commissions, 406 ; Mr. 
E. M. Barton in field, camp and hospital, 407-411 ; Visits to Soldiers, 
412; Soldiers in prison, 414; Sufferings, 415-417 ; Female Nurses, 418- 
420 ; Clara Barton, 421 ; Aid to Freedmen, 422-424. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

COMMUTATION. — COST OF THE WAR. 

Commutations, 426 ; Names of " drafted " men who paid for substitutes, 426 ; 
Names of " enrolled " men who paid for substitutes, 426-7 ; What the 
war cost, 428-9. 



CHAPTER XX. 

THE GUARDS — HOME AND STATE. 

The Light Infantry and City Guards, 430 ; The State Guard, 431; Officers and 
members, 432, 433 ; Military funerals, 434 ; Guarding the " roughs," 435 ; 
Visit to Manchester, N. H., 436 ; Visit to Fitchburg, 437 ; Present to Rev. 
Mr. Souther, 437 ; Funeral of Dea. Harris, 437 ; Celebration at Webster 
Park, 438; Speeches, flag, poem, dinner, 439-444; Respect for Mr. 
Souther, 445 ; Pleasant time at Springfield, 446 ; Mr. Bullock's letter, 447 ; 
Flag-raising at Grant Square, 448 ; Call on Admiral Farragut, 449 ; Re- 
organization of the Guard, 449. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. — SOLDIERS' FUNERALS. 

Poem — My Soldier Boy, 450; Mr. Richardson's memorial discourse, 451 ; Amos 
H. Gilbert, 452; Lieutenant Grout, 453-457; Dr. Going, — Edward L. 
Barnard, 458; Lieutenant Spurr, 459-462; Solomon Parsons, 462; 
Dr. Haven, 463-470; James Stewart,— Edwin H. Bliss, 471 ; Charles 
W. Smith, — Eugene W. Stratton, — Charles W. Haven, 472 ; Henry 
G. Longley, — James R. Estey, 473; Charles H. Cutting, — General 
Boomer, 474 ; General Green, 476 ; Owen Trainor, — Charles B. O'Rourke, 
— P. J. McConville, 478; Lewis M. Brooks, — John D. Mirick, — Charles 
H. Boswell, 479 ; James Holden, — Francis M. Atherton, — William F. Gor- 
don,— Michael McDonald,— John Hines, 480 ; John F. Bixby, 481; Colo- 
nel Ward, 482-487 ; Henry Goulding, 487 ; Warren Collester, 488 ; Major 
Parker, 489-494 ; Warren A. Alger, 495 ; Francis Bacon, — William B. 
Bacon, 496 ; Major Pratt, 497 ; The Daniels Brothers, 498 ; Lieutenant 



l6 CONTENTS. 

Cheney, 499 ; George E. Barnard, — Captain Gird, 500"; Colonel Tucker, 
501-503 ; Charles S. Wilder, — Albert C. Walker, 504 ; Dwight Newbury, — 
Samuel Souther, 505-507 ; Captain O'Neil, 507 ; Adjutant McConville, 
508-9; Lieutenant Daley, 510; Corporal Taft, 510; Captain Washburn, — 
Lieutenant Woods, 512; Charles W. Upham, — Dr. Conant, 513; A. T. 
Bailey, — E. D. Jordan, 514; Major Harkness, 515 ; Color-bearer Lewis, 
516; Soldiers' Monument, 517, 



CHAPTER XXn. 

ROLL OF HONOR. 

Part L Names of Officers, 519 

" II. Names of Soldiers, 525 

INDEX, 579 



PORTRAITS. 



General Devens, Frontispiece. 

Governor Lincoln, . . . . , 87 

Generals Sprague, Pickett, Lincoln, and Goodell; Colonel 

JosLiN, 161 

Judge Allen, 229 

Mayors Davis, Aldrich, Lincoln and Ball, 343 

Governor Bullock, 381 

Lieutenants Grout and Spurr; Surgeon Haven ; Frank W. and 

George W. Wellington 453 

Colonels Ward and Tucker ; Majors Pratt and Parker, . . 482 

Plan of the Battle qf Ball's Bluff, .112 



HISTORY OP WOECESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER I. 

THE UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 

Fort Sumter was attacked by the rebel forces under 
General Beauregard on the twelfth of April, 1861, and in the 
course of the next day was rendered defenseless. Major 
Anderson, who held command in the fort, was forced to 
surrender, and on the morning of Sunday, the fourteenth, the 
formal evacuation took place. It was known here on Satur- 
day that the attack had been made, and all through the hours 
of the Sabbath the hearts of the people were oppressed by 
the fear that Major Anderson and the brave men under his 
orders might not be able to repel their assailants. At home, 
in the streets, and in the house of God, the general feeling 
found expression. As evening came on, the news was flashed 
over the country that the rebels had succeeded in their first 
blow against the Union, and that Fort Sumter was not only 
in ruins, but, what was much harder to endure, in the posses- 
sion of traitors. A telegram was received from Charleston^ 
saying : " Fort Sumter has unconditionally surrendered. The 
news has just come. General Chestnut has just landed, and 
marched to Governor Pickens' residence followed by a great 
crowd with great joy. In all two thousand shots have been 
fired. No Carolinians hurt. Major Anderson and men were 
conveyed under guard to Morris Island. The bells are ring- 
ing out merry peals. Our people are engaged in every dem- 
onstration of joy. I have just returned from a visit to Fort 



1 8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Sumter, and I am assured that no one was killed at the Fort. 
This is reliable, and puts to rest all reports about Sumter. 
Major Anderson has reached the city. Judge Magrath has 
just returned from the Fort, and reports that the wood- work 
and officers' quarters are all burned ; none of the officers were 
wounded. The Fort will be taken possession of to-night by 
the Confederate troops. Great rejoicing in this city." Such 
a startling event, reported in such terms of insolent triumph, 
caused a general and intense indignation in the city. " No- 
body," says the Daily Spy of Monday, April 15, "remem- 
bers a similar excjitement in Worcester. In the evening we 
found it necessary to print the dispatch in extras, which dis- 
appeared in the crowd as fast as they could be printed for sev- 
eral hours. It would have been difficult for a stranger to tell 
which of the vehement Union men in the crowd were repub- 
licans, and which democrats. They all showed an immov- 
able purpose to stand by the coimtry, and defend it to the last 
against traitors and all other enemies." 

The next day, the president of the United States issued a 
proclamation, convoking Congress to assemble in extraordi- 
nary session on the ensuing fourth of July, and calling for 
seventy-five thousand men to take the field. The governor 
of Massachusetts sent an order for some of our own compa- 
nies to prepare for immediate service. The excitement of the 
preceding day was renewed and made more intense. The 
demand had come for immediate personal sacrifice, but the 
soldiers and their friends were ready to meet the demands of 
their country. 

The City Guards, (Co. A, Third Battalion Rifles,) held a 
meeting at their armory for the election of officers. Brigadier 
General Ward presided, and Colonel E. B. Stoddard acted as 
recording secretary. Major Augustus B. R. Sprague was 
unanimously elected captain, to fill the vacancy occasioned 
by the promotion of General George H. Ward. He declined, 
and Colonel John M. Goodhue was chosen, who also declined. 
Enough volunteers appeared and were enrolled, to fill up the 
ranks. 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. IQ 

The Light Infantry met for drill, with full ranks, and were 
alive with patriotic enthusiasm. Hon. Dexter F. Parker 
addressed the soldiers and a large number of citizens who 
were present. He left for Washington the same evening, 
intending to join the company there if ordered into service. 
The Infantry voted unanimously to tender themselves as an 
escort to the City Guards, on their departure for Boston. 
The event proved, however, that they were to be ordered to 
Boston, while the Guards went direct to the seat of war. 
The National Band also offered their services for the occa- 
sion. The Emmet Guards had previously tendered their 
services to the president, whenever they might be needed. 
The commissioned officers of the Third Battalion Rifles met 
at the armory of Co. A, in the evening, (General Ward pre- 
siding, and Major Sprague acting as recording officer,) when 
General Charles Devcns, Jr., was unanimously elected Major. 
On Tuesday evening, the sixteenth, the City Hall was 
crowded by the citizens, who met to take some action in re- 
lation to the volunteer militia of the city. Hon. Rejoice 
Newton called the meeting to order, and proposed the Mayor, 
Hon. Isaac Davis, as chairman. Mr. Davis, after the ap- 
plause following the announcement of his name had subsided, 
said that there should be but one sentiment now. All 
must unite in sustaining the government, and in subduing 
the rebellion. Hon. J. S. C. Knowlton, thought the time 
had come for action. After a brief speech, full of noble, 
patriotic thoughts and sentiments, he moved the following 

resolution : — 

Resolved, That the Mayor be requested to convene the City Council, 
and to ask that body to make an appropriation of a sum not less than 
$3000 in aid of the families of such of the troops of the city as have 
been, or may hereafter be, called into the service of the country. 

Colonel Putnam W. Taft and Rev. Dr. Alonzo Hill sup- 
ported the resolution with earnest and patriotic remarks. 
The Hon Alexander H. Bullock was greeted with applause 
when he came forward, and often in the course of an elo- 
quent speech. He said : " Under no circumstances will there 



20 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

be a yielding to submission and disgrace. Better that the 
earth should engulf us than to yield our capital to the rebels 
who would seize it." Major Devens was called for, and made 
an earnest, patriotic appeal to the young men to come for- 
ward and sustain the honor of their country's flag. Dr. 
Merrick Bemis, D. Waldo Lincoln, Esq., and Colonel E. B. 
Stoddard spoke in favor of an appropriation by the city. 
Lewis Lewisson offered to subscribe $20. Rev, T. W. 
Higginson was called out, and said that the time for action 
had come. He spoke of the unanimity among all classes in 
support of the government. M. J. McCafferty, Esq., referred 
to the duty of all classes without regard to political or re- 
ligious distinctions, to stand by the government ; he highly 
praised the two companies which were about to leave, and 
hoped the Emmet Guards would soon be called into service, 
who would be ready to leave at a moment's notice. 

On motion of Mr. D. W. Lincoln, the resolution was 
modified by inserting ^4,000, and by adding the following 
words : " and to provide uniforms and supplies for such 
members of the company as may need them." 

According to the papers of the day, " the meeting was 
unanimous, hearty and enthusiastic. All shades of opinion 
were represented, and for the first time within memory, 
Worcester was a unit on a great political subject." 

Orders were received by the Light Infantry in the 
evening of Tuesday to enter into immediate service. The 
ranks of the company were full, and officers and men were 
in all respects in excellent condition for instant action. 

The same evening the City Guards met, and chose the 
Second Lieutenant, Josiah Pickett, Captain ; Samuel Hatha- 
way, First Lieutenant ; George C. Joslin, Second Lieuten- 
ant ; Orson Moulton, Third Lieutenant ; and E. A. Hark- 
ness. Fourth Lieutenant. 

About half-past ten o'clock, in the midst of a drill. 
Colonel Wetherell announced to the Light Infantry that 
they were ordered into service. The order was enthu- 
siastically received, and the night was given up to making 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 21 

preparations. About three o'clock in the morning, it was 
determined not to leave till ten o'clock in the forenoon. 
The hall was a busy scene, being filled all night by those who 
were preparing to go, and by their friends who were helping 
them off, or taking leave, perhaps for the last time. The 
city furnished breakfast ; and, at nine o'clock, Rev. Mr. 
Hagar, of the Episcopal church, offered prayer. The long 
procession left Horticultural Hall, where the tables had 
been spread, at half-past nine o'clock, in the following order : 
the National Band, the past members of the company to 
the number of about three hundred, the City Guards, and 
the Light Infantry. The streets were lined with people, 
including many from neighboring towns. Hon. Isaac Davis 
addressed the soldiers, saying that there was a fine of fifty 
dollars for refusing to march ; he would therefore pay his fifty 
dollars now. Colonel William S. Lincoln made a brief and 
spirited address. The Hon. Ichabod Washburn, in behalf 
of the Worcester County Bible Society, presented the mem- 
bers of both companies a pocket Bible, which was gratefully 
received. Dr. Rufus Woodward tendered his professional 
services gratuitously to the families of the members of the 
Infantry during their absence in the public service. 

An affecting and patriotic incident occurred just before 
the moving of the train. One of the members was observed 
weeping. A bystander found, on inquiry, that the cause of 
grief was the necessity of such speedy departure from home. 
He immediately took the soldier's place and clothes, sent 
the money he had saved and deposited in the Savings Bank 
to his mother in New York, and on one hour's notice left 
business, home, and friends. 

As the train moved from the station, the citizens greeted 
the departing soldiers with hearty cheers. All seemed to 
feel the solemnity of the moment, and the importance of the 
enterprise. Those who left might never return ; those who 
returned m.ight never find the friends left at home ; but all 
were animated with the spirit of self-sacrifice and devotion 
to the country. The names of the officers and men, in this 



22 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



pioneer company 
generations 



will be read with interest in all cominor 



The following is the list. 

Harrison W. Pratt, Captahi, 
George W. Prouty, First Lieutenant, 
J. Waldo Denny, Acting Second Lieittenant. 
Sergeants, — Thomas S. Washburn, John A. Lovell, J. Stuart Brown, 
Charles H. Stratton, James A. Taylor. 

Corporals, — Joel H. Prouty, B. P. Stowell, Edward S. Stone, William 
H. Hobbs. 



PRIVATES. 



C. F. Abbott, 
B. F. R. Alden, 
E. W. Alden, 
John W. Bacon, 
A. S. Badorer, 
David H. Ball, 
Thomas E. Ballard, 
William F. Belser, 
Henry Bemis, 
Robert M. Brainard, 
Joseph L. Brown, 
J. E. Caligan, 
E. A. Campbell, 
E. C. Capron, 
Luther Capron, Jr., 
Thomas J. Casey, 
Joseph Clissold, 
Thomas E. Cogger, 
Moses W. Comsett, 
George H. Conklin, 
William Connor, 
David W. Corson, 
Marcus Curtis, 
Charles E. Dart, 
John B. Dennis, 
Thomas A. Doherty, 
Luke T. Drury, 
Joseph Dyson, 
John Emerson, 
J. S. Estabrook, 
Adam Gurnhardt, 
Rhudolph A. Hacker, 
Henry Handy, 
Ira B. Hastings, 
H. R. Haven, 
E. S. Hay, 
John Henry, 
Adelbert D. V. Hoar, 
Orlando Hodgkins, 
George A. Houghton, 
Church Howe, 
George P. Johnson, 
J. Frederic Kidder, 



John M. Knapp, 
Samuel O. La Forest, 
H. H. Lawrence, 
William Lincoln, 
J. F. Methven, 
George F. Minter, 
C. A. Moulton, 
John F. Mulcahy, 
Myron J. Newton, 
J. H. Nolan, 
Dexter F. Parker, 
Edward B. Perry, 
William H. Piper, 
Elbridge M. Rice, 
J. O. Rice, 
Calvin Riggs, 
H. M. Ritdiler, 
William C. Roundy, 
George Schwartz, 
James D. Shaw, 
Dennis E. Sheehan, 
J. B. Smith, 
M. Steif, 
John W. Stiles, 
Timothy Sweeney, 
Thomas Talbot, 
Edward P. Thompson, 
John Tould, 
Charles P. Trumbull, 
Peter J. Turner, 
William H. Valentine, 
Albert C. Walker, 
Fred. Weigand, 
Charles E. Whipple, 
Andrew J. Whitcomb, 
Daniel Wilkins, 
James Wilkins, 
C. H. Wilson, 
John Wolfe, 
Ira Woodcock, 
J. W. Woodward, 
Silas E. Young. 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 23 

The City Guards, who were under orders to be ready to 
leave at any moment, were in their armory the greater part 
of Wednesday. Captain Sprague having expressed his readi- 
ness to enter the service. Captain Pickett (cordially con- 
curring in the arrangement) resigned, and Mr. Sprague was 
immediately chosen Captain. Mr. Pickett was elected First 
Lieutenant, in place of Samuel Hathaway, who was unable 
to accept. The Guards received a large number of valuable 
recruits in the course of the day. 

While the soldiers were evincing a spirit so full of patriotic 
enthusiasm, the banks and the city authorities were providing 
in another way the " sinews of war." The associated banks 
tendered to the governor the sum of $300,000 for the sup- 
port of the government, to be divided among them pro rata 
according to their capital. The city council went beyond 
the request of the citizens in public meeting, but not beyond 
their wishes, in offering the following votes, at a meeting held 
on the evening of this day. 

" Whereas, the president of the United States has made a requisition 
for four regiments from Massachusetts, and whereas, the governor of the 
state has designated the City Guards and Worcester Light Infantry from 
this city, as a part of those called into the service of the country ; and 
whereas, the citizens of Worcester at a meeting held in the City Hall on 
the sixteenth inst., unanimously adopted the following resolution. [The 
resolution previously given is here recited.] 

Wherefore, Ordered that a committee of five be appointed to carry into 
effect said resolutions adopted by the citizens, and that the mayor be 
authorized to draw his warrant for such sums as may be required from 
time to time, out of any monies in the treasury not otherwise appro- 
priated, not however in all to exceed $5,000." 

At the same time the following action was taken in rela- 
tion to the Emmet Guards, thus placing them on the same 
footing as the other two companies. 

" Whereas, It is very probable that within a few days the Emmet 
Guards of this city will be mustered into the service of the state to aid 
in suppressing insurrection, and defending their country's flag, 

Ordered, That the mayor be authorized to draw his warrant upon the 
city treasurer for the sum of $300, to be appropriated for the use of said 
company in procuring necessary equipments and outfit." 



24 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

On the evening of the eighteenth, the Emmet Guards met 
at their armory. Having received a charter constituting 
them a part of the regular militia of the Commonwealth, as 
Company D, Third Battalion Rifles, they proceeded to the 
election of officers, Major Charles Devens presiding, and 
Samuel Hathaway acting as recording officer. The following 
persons .were unanimously chosen : — Captain, Michael S. 
McConville ; First Lieutenant, Michael O'DriscoU ; Second 
Lieutenant, Matthew J. McCafiferty ; Third Lieutenant, Thomas 
O'Neil ; Fourth Lieutenant, Morris Melavan. 

The friends of the Emmet Guards, in order to express 
their sympathy for them in this crisis, raised a subscription 
before their departure, amounting to ^675. Messrs. Isaac 
Davis, Harrison Bliss, Hugh Doherty, and Reverend John 
Boyce, gave $50* each. Messrs. William B. Fox, George 
Crompton, and D. H. O'Neil $2$ each ; and less sums were 
contributed by others. 

The god of love was in the ascendant on Thursday, the 
eighteenth, and several soldiers were married to the brides of 
their choice before leaving for the war. One of the papers 
of the day expressed the general wish in saying : " We hope 
they may return to the felicity of a long life and many 
domestic blessings." 

The feelings of the people of all classes, — men, women 
and children, natives and adopted citizens, found a beautiful 
form of expression. The loyal part of the country blossomed 
all over with the " red, white and blue." Here in Worcester 
the favorite colors were seen in every direction. The boys 
wore them in neckties and badges, and the girls wreathed 
them into bows and rosettes. They danced through the 
streets on the heads of horses, and blended gracefully in the 
shop windows. Soon they were floating from numerous 
public and private buildings. The flag-staff on the Common, 
the High School house, the Sycamore street school, the Bay 
State House, the Mechanics Hall, the railroad stations, and 
many of the large manufactories were waved over by the 
" stars and stripes." Flag-raising was the order of the day. 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 2$ 

and the " Star-Spangled Banner " was heard in every gather- 
ing of the people. 

When the Light Infantry left, on Wednesday, their first 
destination was Boston, where they were joined to the Sixth 
Regiment, under the command of Colonel Edward F, Jones, 
of Lowell. In the evening, the regiment left Boston for the 
seat of government, and passed through Worcester between 
nine and ten o'clock. Along the route from Boston the regi- 
ment was greeted by the firing of cannon, fire works, the ring- 
ing of church bells, and the cheers of the people who flocked 
to every station. At the western or lower depot in Wor- 
cester, there was an immense crowd, and the night air was 
rent with their loud and hearty cheering. The car contain- 
ing the Light Infantry was surrounded by their friends, " and 
many wives, sisters, and mothers took this opportunity to say 
another good-bye to those on board." The next day this 
memorable regiment was in New York. On Friday, the 
" glorious Nineteenth," it passed through the streets of Balti- 
more, where it met a bloody reception from the rebel element 
of that city. 

At home the spirit of devotion to the public service was 
displayed in various modes. The physicians of the city voted 
to offer their services gratuitously to the " families of the sol- 
diers who have taken, or may take the field." The City Bank 
voted, that, " whereas, A. A. Goodell, teller of this bank, hav- 
ing volunteered and enlisted in the Worcester City Guards, 
to accompany them if called into the service of their country, 
this bank agrees to keep his situation as teller open to him 
till his return, and to continue his salary while absent." The 
young ladies of the Oread Institute made a beautiful flag, dis- 
playing thirty-four stars, and unfurled it over the south tower, 
with enthusiastic greetings. In these and other ways, too 
various to be recorded, the interest of all classes in the public 
welfare was manifested. 

When the news came, on Saturday, of the attack upon the 
Sixth Regiment, the excitement became more intense than that 
caused by the assault on Fort Sumter. An attack upon any 



26 WORCESTER IX THE WAR. 

loval reg:iment would have aroused the sympathy of the 
people of this city ; but in this case there was a deep and 
solemn personal feeling. . The Light Infantr}- were in that 
regiment, and for hours it was not kno\\Ti but that some of 
its members were among the victims. At length word came 
that the regiment was divided in passing through Baltimore, 
and that the Light Infantr)- was in the first didsion, which 
effected its passage to the other side before the attack was 
made. 

It ^^^as in the midst of all this anxiety that the Third Bat- 
talion of Rifles made preparation to depart for the scene of 
conflict. They were filled with the indignation which ani- 
mated all hearts, and were eager to leave, that they might 
soon reach the scene of action. From early in the morning 
of the twentieth till near midnight, the " streets overflowed 
with a thronging and eager multitude, who attested by their 
enthusiasm the depth of their s}Tnpathy for the work w^hich 
had called our brave soldiers from their homes. ]\Iany stores 
and pri\-ate dwellings displayed the national colors ; and the 
active movement of troops, with the sound of martial music 
at inter\-als during the day, and all the busy notes of prepara- 
tion for a near and awful danger, made the day a memorable 
one in our calendar," and was a fitting close of a week the 
most interesting within the memory of li^-ing men. It should 
be stated that the battalion was ready to depart as soon as 
the infantr}- ; but it was kept back that it might go into the 
fifth regiment. That regiment ha\ing been delayed, the bat- 
taliion, through its commander, obtained leave of the gov- 
ernor to start for the seat of war at once. 

The battalion was made up of three strong and full com- 
panies, \iz. : The Worcester City Guards, The Emmet 
Guards, and the Holden Rifles. They were all efficiently 
organized, and were filled with resolute and courageous men. 
The names of the members Jlre inserted here, as in a roll of 
honor, because, in common with the Light Infantr}', they 
were the "first fruits "of the patriotism of the " Heart of the 
Commonwealth." The names of the Holden Rifles have a 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 



27 



place here also, because that company formed a part of the 
battalion, and because the town of Holden and the city of 
Worcester are so intimately blended in business, in daily 
intercourse, and in past history. 

The officers of the battalion were as follows : — 

Major, Charles Devens, Jr., 

Adjutant, John M. Goodhue, 

Quartertnaster, James £. Estabrook, 

Surgeon, Dr. Oramel Martix, 

Quartermaster Sergeant, GEORGE T. White, 

Sergeant Major, Nathaniel S. Liscomb.* 

Co. A, Worcester City Guards. 

<Captain, A. B. R. Sprague, 

First Lieutetiant, Josiah Pickjett, 

Second Lieutenant, George C. Joslin, 

Third Lieutenant, Orson Moulton, 

Fourth Lieutenant, E. A. Harkness. 

Sergeants, Elbridge G. Watkins, Walter S. Bugbee, George A. 
Johnson, Charles A. Ward. 

Corporals, James M. Hervey, Horace W. Poole, Calvin N. 
Harrington, George Burr. 

Musicians, William H. Heywood, James Stewart. 

PRIVATES. 

Edward W. Adams, Henry W. Daniels, 

William H. Aldrich, Charles Davis, 

Francis Bacon, Edwin L. Dodge, 

Charles S. Bartlett, Silas R. Dunn, 

Merritt B. Bessey, Charles F. Fairbanks, 

George P. Bigelow, Jerome H. Fuller, 

Luther H. Bigelow, Arthur Goodell, 

Charles H. Bond, Thomas Gleason, 

Bramley A. Bottomly, Joel W. Greene, 

Harry T. Bradish, George W. Hatch, 

Theodore Burdick, Charles Henry, 

George S. Campbell, J. M. Heywood, 

Lowell Caswell, Edward E. Howe, 

Lewis C. Champney, Herbert J. Kendall, 

John M. Cheney, Nathaniel S. Liscomb, 

Frank L. R. Coes, Albert A. Livermore, 

James M. Cummings, Henry Matthews, 

Hermon E. Cunningham, Henry Mellen, 

George M. Curtis, Henry R. Moen, 

Charles B. Cutler, Edwin Morse, 

Elmer Cutting, Charles H. Munroe, 

• Appointed while in service. 



28 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



David H. Mclver, 
James J. McLane, 
William L. Newton, 
Amos M. Parker, 
Francis J. Plummer, 
John W. Pomroy, 
Chester B. Shaw, 
James S. Slocum, 
Samuel A. Slocum, 
Welcome W. Sj^rague, 
William Starr, 



William R. Steele, 
Charles K. Stoddard, 
John A. Thompson, 
Louis Wageley, 
Melville E. Walker, 
George E. Warren, 
C. A. Wesson, 
John Wheeler, 2d., 
William B. White, 
William H. Wood. 



Co. B, HoLDEN Rifles. 

Captain, Charles Knowlton, 

First Lieutenant, J. H. Gleason, 

Second Lieutenant, P. R. Newell, 

Third Lieutenant, Edward Devens, Worcester, 

Fourth Lieutenatit, Samuel F. Woods, Barre. 

Sergeants, George W. Bascom, H. P. Newell, Nathan S. Coburn, 
Worcester, F. E. Davis. 

Corporals, Isaac T. Hooton, Webster, A. D. Bascom, Ira J, Kel- 
TON, Emery Rogers. 



PRIVATES FROM HOLDEN. 



S. F. Alexander, 
Henry G. Amidon, 
Warren J. Ball, 
Henry H. Bowman, 
P. A. Champney, 
Samuel A. Clark, 
John A. Collier, 
George A. Corey, 
Francis Davis, 
Henry Fales, 
John Fearing, 
Charles J. Fox, 
Edward Franklin, 
James S. M'Gee, 
Hiram Howe, 
John F. Hubioard, 
Henry C. Judd, 
Charles A. Legg, 
Frank Lumasett, 
Edward E. Monroe, 



W. E. Baker. 
Enoch Earl, 
William H. Earl, 
Charles H. Hurlbert, 
Henry M. Ide, 
George H. Larmed, 
Oliver Laverty, 



Worcester, 



Charles S. Moore, 
Samuel A. Moses, 
William McClan, 
Charles A. McGaffey, 
Maxie Pantum, 
Alfred Piper, 
Edwin F. Pratt, 
Samuel Preston, 
J. D. Robinson, 
J. B. Savage, 
Alfred B. Sawyer, 
J. S. Scott, 
George A. Smith, 
J. Herbert Smith, 
Charles Steele, 
Emerson Stone, 
John B. Weston, 
Edward C. Winslow, 
All from Holden. 



F. B. Marsh, Worcester, 

George W. Rockwood, " 

S. E. Stratton, 

Justus Brown, West Boylston, 

E. P. Lamb, 

R. B. Thomas, " 

E. D, Clemens, Webster, 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 



29 



Charles N. Shumway, Wehster, 
Aaron B. Burt, Sutton, 
Chauncy B. Irish, Millbury, 
George Trask, " 

Martin N. Trask, " 



John D. White, Millbury, 
George E. Childs, Upton, 
William A. Nye, " 

Martin M. Hayes, Grafton, 
O. S. Oaks, New Salem. 



Co. C, Emmet Guards. 
Captain, Michael S. McConville, 
First Lieutenant, Michael O'Driscoll, 
Seeo7id Lieutenant, Matthew J. McCafferty, 
Third Lieutenaut, Thomas O'Neil, 
Fourth Lietitenant, Morris Melaven. 

Sergeants, William Daley, Patrick Curran, Martin Hayes, 
Patrick Hayes. 
Corporals, Nicholas Powers, Thomas Finn, James Doherty, John 

J. O'GORMAN. 



PRIVATES. 



Henry Benn, 
Patrick Brassle, 
J. M. Bremer, 
James Burns, 
John Carroll, 
George B. Chandlery, 
Michael Cleery, 
Michael Collins, 
James Connor, 
Jeremiah Connor, 
John Cronin, 
William Daley, 
Patrick Deery, 
Patrick Diggins, 
Daniel Donahue, 
Dennis Downey, 
John Dunn, 
Robert Empsey, 
Thomas Finn, 
Michael Finnegan, 
Anthony Gavin, 
James Hammond, 
Bartholomew Harrington, 
John F. Hartigan, 
Edward Hayes, 
William Hickey, 
John Hines, 
Edward Houston, 
Edward Jennings, 
Michael Keenan, 
Patrick Keenan, 
Patrick Kelley, 



Patrick Kenna, 
John Kerr, 
John Kirk, 
Timothy Lanton, 
Joseph Laverty, 
Martin Leonard, 
John Maginnis, 
George Moor, 
James Moran, 
John Moriarty, 
Frank Morrison, 
John Morton, 
T. Edward Murray, 
Felix McCann, 
Henry McConville, 
Felix McDermott, 
John McDonald, 
Daniel McGloughlin, 
James McHannon, 
Francis Mclntire, 
James McKenna, 
Michael McKeon, 
Patrick McKeon, 
James B. McLane, 
James McNulty, 
John O'Brien, 
Patrick Sherlin, 
John Sherlin, 
John Tobin, 
Michael Tobin, 
John Trainor, 
Napoleon Ward. 



30 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

About five o'clock in the afternoon, the Battalion, under 
the escort of the National Band and the past members of 
the City Guards and Light Infantry, marched to Mechanics 
Hall, where a large company of citizens was assembled. 
The Mayor, Hon. Isaac Davis, received the soldiers with a 
brief and inspiriting speech. Words and prayers uttered at 
such times become historically important. The Mayor spoke 
as follows : — 

" Major Devens, officers and soldiers of the Battalion : — Eighty-six 
years ago yesterday, the first Massachusetts blood was shed in the cause 
of the American Revolution. Yesterday the first blood was shed in this 
war of insurrection. Should the arch enemy ask me for a coat-of-arms> 
I should give him, in the words of Dean Swift : — 

' Two beams standant, 
One beam crossant, 
One rope pendant, 
A scoundrel at the end on't 

I rejoice that you have so promptly obeyed your countrj-'s call. In the 
spirit of patriotism you have voluntarily enlisted, and left your families 
and friends to battle for your countrj-. Your ranks are full, and I rejoice 
that there are yet men to spare. I ask you to imitate the bravery, the 
patriotism, of those men who fought in the revolution ; of those who 
fought in 1812 ; of those who bore the standard into Mexico and never 
lost a battle. Imitate their example, and you will command the grati- 
tude and respect of milHons of freemen. You have assembled to 
hear the throne of grace addressed in your behalf, which was what our 
fathers did ; when they pledged their sacred lives for their country's 
cause, they knelt before the God of battles. It is most proper to look 
to him at this time, and may God bless and prosper you all." 

Rev. Alonzo Hill, D. D., then offered prayer most impres- 
sively, in the following words : — 

" O God, who sittest in the circuit of the heavens, who art the ruler 
among the nations, who art the God of armies, in this hour of our 
country's darkness and distress, when enemies are arrayed in battle 
against her, when treachery menaces her, when her very capital is in 
peril, to whom, O God, should we look for mercy and protection but to 
Thee. Spare us, O God, the humiliation of yielding to those who lie in 
wait for us, and save us for the sake of our fathers. Grant, in this crisis, 
that energy and watchfulness to the president of the United States, and 
to that aged servant who has so long led the armies of the country, that 
we may continue to look to them as a solace and a hope. We pray 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 3 I 

Thee to bless those of our friends who have come to lay themselves upon 
the altar of our common country, who have presented themselves to take 
leave of their families and friends. May the God of battles be with them, 
whatever may befall them on the way. In this hour may there be the re- 
solve to be true to the great principles in which they have been educated, 
true to the God that has placed upon them such a tremendous responsi- 
bility ; and we pray Thee to shield them in their hour of peril. Stay the 
hand of sickness, that may be on the right hand and the left ; crown them 
with victory, because victory is for the preservation of the people. These 
are no hirelings for this great work, but citizen soldiers, who go to fight 
the battle for mothers and sisters and wives. Remember that they are 
Christian soldiers, and if they should fall, may the reflection come that 
they have been true to their country. Guard those who lead them ; we 
pray for the officers ; for him who is to lead this battalion ; guard them 
all ; and when their work is done, may they be restored to us to receive 
the honors that belong to the brave. We ask Thee to be with them, 
and to the great Captain of our salvation will we ascribe all the glory. 
Amen." 

Major Devens made a few remarks, saying that the hour 
of duty had come. He expected to do his duty himself, and 
he expected the same of every man before him. He spoke 
of the necessity of discipHne. He referred to the fact that for 
more than a hundred years the mihtia of Massachusetts had 
been distinguished on the battle-field, and he knew the brave 
men before him would not allow their banner to trail in the 
dust. His remarks were loudly cheered by the soldiers. 
The Marseillaise Hymn was then sung by a select choir, in a 
spirited style. In answer to a call, Henry McConville sang 
the " Red, White and Blue." The chorus was taken up by 
the great assembly, and was rendered with enthusiasm. 
The battalion was then dismissed, and the meeting came to a 
close. 

Many of the officers and soldiers received gifts and tokens 
of kindness on the part of their friends. One specimen must 
answer for many. At the armory of the City Guards, an 
elegant sword and belt were presented to Adjutant John M. 
Goodhue. Hon. George F. Hoar made the address of presen- 
tation in these words : — 

" Adjutant Goodhue : — Your fellow citizen, Mr. Timothy W. Wei- 



32 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

lington, desires me to present to you, in his behalf, this sword and this 
belt. 

The giver bears the name and inherits the blood of one who stood 
among freedom's first martyrs on the green at Lexington, on the 19th of 
April, 1775 ; and now that that honored anniversary has been baptized 
anew in the blood of Massachusetts men, and thank God, that blood has 
been avenged, as of old, he wishes to express his sympathy with you and 
your brave companions. You and they are going from among men who 
honor and love you, to meet with men who despise and hate you. A band 
of traitors and conspirators, whose fields and plantations, as has been well 
said, our fathers scoured and cleared from a foreign invader in the Revo- 
lution, have dared to undertake to subvert our government, to take posses- 
sion of our capital, and destroy our liberties. We have not provoked 
this contest. Our patience has been met with scorn. We have been 
smitten on one cheek. We have turned to show the other, and have 
been smitten on that, too. We have held forth the olive-branch, it has 
been converted into a rod. The charity which suffereth long, which 
hopeth, beareth, believeth, and endureth all things, has at last been ex- 
hausted ; and now that nothing remains but the sword, — and never was 
it drawn in a cause more righteous, — 

' May God put forth his might, 
May God defend the right. 
Stand back to back in God's name, 
And fight it to the last' 

We know this sword will meet with no dishonor in your hands. If 
you come back, as we hope and pray, with your country's liberties se- 
cured, and your country's honor maintained, you shall receive the dearest 
reward of freemen, the gratitude and love of your country. To have been 
one of you will hereafter be deemed a patent of nobility better than coro- 
net or crown. And, if you fall, the tears of surviving countrymen, eternal 
praise, deathless affection, will embalm your memories. Your names will 
be repeated, as we now repeat the names of the men of Bunker Hill and 
Lexington. Those who bear them, or share your blood, will say to each 
other in future times, we, too, had a kinsman who defended Washington. 
And, — better than earthly praise, — the spirits of the sainted dead, 
which hover over you now, will receive yours to conduct them to the 
presence of your fathers' God, for his approbation of lives freely laid down 
in the cause he has so often blessed." 

Adjutant Goodhue expressed his deep gratitude with much 
feeling. He said he should endeavor to do his duty, and if 
his country's welfare required a new baptism of blood, he was 
ready to make the sacrifice in her cause. 



UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 33 

When the present of nearly ^i,ooo was made to the Em- 
met Guards, Mayor Davis expressed the hope that they would 
emulate the bravery of that son of an Irishman, Andrew Jack- 
son, and cover themselves in so doing, with honor and glory. 
When the long and loud cheering had subsided, Captain 
McConville briefly replied, returning thanks in behalf of his 
company, and assuring the donors that the sum should be 
scrupulously used for the welfare of the men under his com- 
mand without regard to rank. In the evening the company 
was visited by Rev. Messrs. Boyce and O'Reilly, each of 
whom offered prayer for their success, and addressed them in 
the kindest and most paternal manner. The former trusted 
they would do their duty manfully, so that they could look 
him in the face when they returned, or not return at all ; that 
they would rather perish in the battle-field than prove recre- 
ant to their country and their honor. The Guards gave their 
spiritual advisers three hearty cheers, and bade them adieu 
with most cheerful and happy feelings. 

Thus in about seven days after the requisition was made, 
Worcester had furnished every man of her quota, equipped 
for service, and many of them were already in the field of 
action. The city had the good fortune to contribute three 
hundred men who knew not what it was to falter in the hour 
of trial and danger. 

As the train moved off towards midnight of Saturday, the 
good wishes and prayers of the assembled people were poured 
out from earnest and anxious, but hopeful hearts. The 
soldiers went on their way, to unknown scenes of danger, 
some of them never to return in life, but all of them with 
hearts resolved to do their duty, and if need be, give up their 
lives in their country's service. The people, — fathers and 
mothers, wives and sisters — returned to their homes with 
chastened feelings. They had cheered their friends as they 
parted, and they were glad and proud to think that their 
friends were in the devoted band ; but they felt the sacrifice 
they had made. Promptly and nobly had the city done its 

3 



34 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

duty, and all were grateful to those who had stepped forward 
to represent them in the field of danger. 

The news of the surrender of Fort Sumter had come with 
startling suddenness on Sunday evening. It was almost 
incredible that a fort supposed to be impregnable had been 
compelled to yield to the rebels in less than two short days. 
It suggested the fear that other strongholds would in like 
manner yield, and the rebellion become formidable. But 
there was no faltering, no panic, no hesitation.. A firm and 
holy resolution seemed at once to take possession of all 
hearts that the government should be upheld, the rebellion 
should be crushed, and if possible, the cause of the rebellion 
should be done away forever. The proclamation of the 
president, and the call of the governor came. The people 
were ready, and at once the requisition was filled. In three 
days three hundred men were armed, equipped, and ready to 
march. One company was at the baptism of blood in Bal- 
timore before the week closed, and the battalion was on its 
way. What a week of excitement, of action, of accomplish- 
ment ! It was time for rest and recuperation. The wearied 
citizens retired to sleep, and awaited the sacred stillness 
of the Sabbath. 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 35 



CHAPTER II. 

PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 

Before following the Light Infantry and the Third 
Battalion Rifles to their respective fields of service and 
danger, we must take note, at some length, of the state of 
feeling here at home, and of the exertions to which it 
prompted. Much was said and done during the succeeding 
six weeks which directly tended to encourage the soldiers, 
between whom and their friends here there was constant 
communication by letter or by messengers ; and much also 
by way of preparation for future enlistments. 

As in the Revolution, so in this war for national existence 
and impartial freedom, the pulpit was a most efficient agency. 
Without exception the clergy of the city were prompt and 
earnest in denouncing the rebellion, and in urging the people 
to make heroic sacrifices for its suppression. So frequent 
and so able were their discourses and addresses, in support 
of the government, that a large and interesting volume might 
be made up of them, with an appropriate title, " The Wor- 
cester Pulpit in the War." Such a volume would be a me- 
morial honorable alike to the ministers and their people, 
evincing as it would the attitude and spirit of the better part 
of the community in this day of trial. The narrow limits of 
these pages will only admit of brief sketches of sermons 
delivered on suitable occasions, which will serve, however, 
to show the relation of the ministers to the war. 

The first Sunday after the news came of the surrender of 
Fort Sumter was a day of solemn interest. The people had 
sprung to arms in a moment, had raised money for the equip- 



36 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ment of the volunteers, and had sent off some three or four 
hundred of their own fathers, brothers and sons to the war. 
From the first dawn of Monday to the midnight hour of 
Saturday, all had been in a state of intense excitement and 
activity. On the morning of the succeeding Sabbath they 
resorted to their various places of worship, to render thanks 
for what had been done, and to implore the help of God in 
regard to what remained for them to do. According to the 
papers of the day, there was a general reference to the condi- 
tion of affairs in the prayers and sermons ; the church gave its 
inspiration to the patriotism of the soldiers, and the move- 
ment against the rebels seemed to assume the nature of a 
" War of the Lord." The reports of only two discourses of 
this date can be found, and of these a brief abstract will be 
given. 

The Rev. Dr. Hill, pastor of the First Unitarian Church, as 
reported in the Palladium, said that he had been unable to 
obtain sufficient composure to write a sermon, but would 
speak such thoughts as the times suggested to him. 

" Never before have we assembled, in the usual routine of Sabbath 
service, on an occasion like this. Hitherto we have enjoyed peaceful 
Sabbaths. The very day has assisted us in composing our minds ; but 
this morning, everything conspires to make our bosoms throb. It seems 
a month since last Sunday — so many events have been crowded into the 
days of the last week. Such scenes in our own city ! Near and dear 
friends buckling on the armor and going to the conflict. I have ascer- 
tained that ten of our own number are away ; and more than three 
hundred of our neighbors and friends have reached the scene of con- 
flict. 

It becomes us then to reflect ; and one fact must inspire us. This 
worst of wars in which we can engage, this civil war, has not been of our 
seeking. It is a righteous war ; a war that must be sustained. True, it is 
a dreadful war ; but there are worse things than this. Cowardice is 
worse. I feel the utmost respect for our young men who have gone into 
this war under a solemn conviction of duty. I believe it to be a righteous 
war. There may be those who think this trouble might have been 
averted by compromise. Events are now showing us that we could not 
make compromises without disgrace, infamy ! Furthermore, compromises 
are not what our opponents want. . . . 

I feel it to be a most rizhteotis cause. All available means have been 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 3/ 

given into the hands of the rebels, and they are now marching upon our 
capital. Reports are in circulation this morning that they have reached 
it. The moment it is seized, we cease to be a nation. Then we may 
well bow our heads in grief, and cover our faces with sackcloth. It is 
well to understand what God has imposed upon us ; what a crisis has 
come ; and what are our responsibilities. Never has he imposed such a 
responsibility upon any people as he has laid upon us to-day. All the 
glory of the future, all the prosperity and success of freedom, are involved 
in it. If we fall, the hopes of man go backward several centuries, and 
we come near to barbarism. We must assume all the responsibility laid 
upon us. Not in fear and weakness ; but as meii. When God imposes 
such tremendous responsibility he will give a way. We must recognize 
our deep dependence upon Him ; we must know the efficacy of prayer. It 
was the first act of our fathers, in their days of trial, to go into the temple 
of God and pray to heaven. They went with a profound sense of rever- 
ence. 

You, if there be any, who have never yet prayed before, pray now. 
Pray God to guide our president, the men who are entrusted with our 
government, our children who have left us, and those, too, who remain. 
Pray that we may meet this trial, not as cowards, as dastards, but as men. 
Meanwhile, yield to no unnecessary excitement. Believe not every report 
unless the truth is really known. Even now rumors are wickedly circu- 
lated that have no foundation in fact. We must be calm ; go to our work 
as usual, and keep order in our homes. There may be a call for immense 
support. Prepare to meet the exigency as men; as Christians. While 
standing up manfully for right, we must yield to no feelings of hatred. 

Better that half our population let their blood flow over the green soil 
of our land than that we should yield to the demands of those who are 
attacking the very heart of our country. My mother is dear to me, my 
home is dear to me, and so is my brother. But if my brother attack my 
mother and drive her out into the storm, I should repel that brother. 
This country is our mother ! Defend her to the very death ! I do not 
know what may be demanded of us, but supineness and indifference must 
be the last things. 

Some of you will remember when the first Napoleon was marching vic- 
toriously from kingdom to kingdom. In that dark hour the younger Pitt 
was on his death-bed. Hearing the news of the continued successes of 
Napoleon, he said, ' You may roll up the map of Europe, there is nothing 
more for her ! ' He forgot young England. It arose with firmness and 
bravery; and now England stands in gigantic greatness and glory. If 
Washington falls into the hands of the enemy, our nation sinks as a 
nation. " Yox my part I would say. Roll up the map of America : then 
the map of the world ! There will be nothing worth the tracing then. 
But we have a brave defense — a bulwark of young bosoms who will meet 



38 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the exigency. God grant them success, and may America yet stand in 
her pristine strength, the wonder and glory of the world." 

On the same day, Sunday, April 21, Rev. Merrill Rich- 
ardson, pastor of the Salem street church, preached an ap- 
propriate discourse from the text " Let not him that girdeth 
on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off," found 
in the first book of Kings, 20th chapter, and nth verse. 
The report in the Daily Spy is as follows : — 

" The lesson he drew from this text was that the prophets of God called 
upon the people to defend their national rights by every means in their 
power ; that government must be maintained. Although war is to be 
dreaded, anarchy is still worse, and government should be upheld at any 
cost. He showed that the policy of non-resistance has been tried already 
too long, and that it was time to act. Those who go to fight the battles 
of their country, go on God's service. Therein is the proof of honor. 
We should translate faith into faithfulness. He could pray for blessing 
and victory in this cause, as for the autumn's harvest, or for the salvation 
of men. The great moral strength that comes from a just cause is on our 
side." 

Some seven or eight of Mr. Richardson's congregation had 
gone to the war, and he made appropriate allusion to the 
fact, speaking words of encouragement for them, and of com- 
fort for their families. 

Not less loyal and earnest was the press in forming and 
giving utterance to the public sentiment. Thus in the Palla- 
dium, — Hon. J. S. C. Knowlton, editor — of the seventeenth 
of April, three days after the fateful news from Fort Sumter, 
in an editorial relating to that event, after stating the position 
of the rebel leaders and showing that they had " demonstrated 
themselves to be clearly in the wrong," follow these forcible 
and pertinent sentences : — "God only knows where this vile 
work of inflamed passion and perverted reason is to end. If 
they shall demonstrate that the great body of their people are 
rebels, the quicker we cut them off the better ; for we do not 
want those states as conquered provinces. But, on the con- 
trary, if there is a substantial Union party in those states, 
pressed down by the mob spirit which there rules the hour, 
the duty of the government and of the people of the free 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 39 

States, is too plain for exposition. Tiiey must be sustained 
under the constitution and laws of the Union, even if it be 
necessary to hang a traitor wherever two roads meetr 

Again, on the twenty-fourth of the same month, the editor 
proceeds in this strain : — 

" The north will not yield. The south has begun this most wicked war, 
and it will be for the south to say when and where it shall end. If they 
choose to run a dividing line between the north and the south that shall 
put all the slave states upon the one side, and the free states on the other, 
let them do so ; the field of bloody strife will be upon their side of the 
line, whether it runs between Pennsylvania and Maryland, Ohio and Ken- 
tucky, or farther down south as between Maryland and Virginia, and 
Tennessee, and Georgia, and Alabama, and Mississippi. 

Nobody wants to ' conquer the south.' Nobody proposes to ' conquer 
the south.' But the north does propose to sustain the government. And 
when the south looks upon this red line of fire and blood, and sees, upon 
one side of it, a population decidedly inferior in numbers and in physical 
force, and upon the other a strong and united north, it must see, unless 
blinded by infuriated passion, its utter incapacity to conquer the north. 
We do not underrate, nor undervalue the south, for their valor on many 
a field has been demonstrated. And the south, for its own sake, should 
not underrate nor undervalue, the north ; for if this mighty antagonism 
must go on to the bitter end, it will not stop until the great cause of it is 
blotted out of existence." 

The closing words of the above extract exhibit the animus 
of the " Heart of the Commonwealth." Already, in the first 
week of the rebellion, the feeling here was that slavery, the 
cause of the war, must be abolished. However slowly and re- 
luctantly this conviction might be taken up elsewhere, in 
Worcester the almost universal belief was that there could 
be no settlement until the cause of treason was removed. 

In the Spy, — edited by Hon. John D. Baldwin, — of the 
date May i, is an article on the " Changed North," which 
shows how the current of loyal feeling was running all 
through the north. 

" The present unanimity of sentiment throughout the free states is won- 
derful. The sudden and enthusiastic development of this sentiment was 
the great event of the week that followed the bombardment of Fort Sumter. 
To many it was unexpected, for the signs of it had not been visible. It 



40 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

seemed to burst forth in a moment, like a ' mighty rushing wind,' and at 
once partisan differences were forgotten, partisan antagonisms melted 
away, the hearts of the people united in a mighty cheer for the old star- 
spangled banner, and in a mighty purpose to maintain our republican in- 
stitutions against the conspirators that would destroy them. And the 
power thus aroused in behalf of the noblest cause men ever fought for 
will be resistless. 

A month ago there was nothing to indicate that a vigorous attempt of 
the government to defend itself and put down treason, would not be 
fiercely opposed and denounced by nearly all those in the north who did 
not vote for Mr. Lincoln. But the clouds of doubt and apprehension 
have been swept away. All the realities of the present position of the 
country are clearly seen. Those who have the government in charge 
know what is demanded of them, and how they will be sustained in a 
resolute effort to maintain the constitution. Let them dismiss every 
dream of compromise with treason, and act with such swiftness and 
power as will make the conflict a short one, and consign the conspirators 
to everlasting infamy. We believe they are equal to the occasion. They 
are all capable, honest, and patriotic, and some of them are among the 
boldest and most resolute men in the country. Have faith in them, 
aid them, and let them be judged considerately and candidly by what 
they do." 

The general feeling and sentiment of Worcester was ex- 
pressed in a spirited editorial in the Spy, on the twenty-sixth 
of April. Speaking of the resistance made by the rebel mob 
in Baltimore to the passage of loyal troops, it said : — 

" This state of things is not to be endured, and the whole north should 
unite at once, and make such a path to the capital as Baltimore will never 
again dare to interfere with. Let that notorious city be made a heap of 
ruins, if need be, and bury under them the whole generation of rowdies 
that now make it a disgrace to civilization. The well-being of the whole 
nation demands the extermination of ihat Baltimore mob. There should 
be 200,000 men afoot as soon as possible, in addition to the number al- 
ready called for by the government, and a part of them should occupy 
Maryland. The government has forborne, and sought to ' conciliate ' re- 
bellion long enough. It is time to strike back and strike hard." 

The Daily Transcript spoke in loyal tones, and in jDlain 
terms indicated the cause of the rebellion as well as the ne- 
cessity for its destruction. On the fourth of May, it ex- 
pressed itself as follows : — 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 4I 

" Let "us not forget that slavery is the great fundamental cause of all 
our troubles. All that has ever been said against it, and its evil influ- 
ences and dangerous results, from Jefferson to Sumner, is now sustained 
and demonstrated. If the south is joined to its idols, and no voice is 
heard through all its borders raised for truth and freedom, the north is 
none the less united in its devotion to the great principles upon which our 
government rests. No more hesitation, no more doubts and discussing 
the work which the fathers ought to have done, but was left undone for us 
to do. This generation may be crushed in discharging their momentous 
duty ; but. our children, as they enter on their heritage of freedom, will 
bless us for the settlement of this vexed question finally." 

The Worcester Daily Times, a democratic paper published 
at the time, shared in the universal spirit of loyalty to the 
flag. 

In other forms, opinions and feeling were embodied into 
action. The platform was called into use ; committees were 
appointed ; societies of ladies were formed to work for the 
soldiers ; and in every practicable way means were employed 
to prepare men for the field, and to comfort them when sick 
or wounded. 

At a public meeting held on the fourth of May, a commit- 
tee, chosen at a previous meeting, consisting of Hon. Charles 
Allen, Hon. A. H. Bullock, Hon. W. W. Rice, Joseph Mason, 
Esq., and Dr. George Chandler, made an able and patriotic 
report, in which they expressed the opinion that it was " im- 
portant to have a standing committee appointed to call upon 
the citizens for contributions whenever they shall deem it 
necessary or expedient, in behalf of objects connected with 
the war." After remarks pertinent to the occasion from gen- 
tlemen present, the recommendation was approved, and the 
following gentlemen were appointed a committee for the 
specified purpose, viz. : Messrs. Joseph Mason, A. H. Bullock, 
David S. Messenger, F. H. Kinnicutt, George W. Benchley, 
Albert Tolman, Patrick O'Keefe, Martin Stowe, P. S. Moen, 
Edwin Draper. 

The ladies promptly took measures to provide such neces- 
saries and comforts for the soldiers as are not furnished by 
the government, but which are always greatly needed in war, 



42 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and which go far to preserve life and restore health in cases 
of disease or wounds. Before a society was organized here, 
several ladies did much active work for the cause. Mrs. T. 
A. Clark, Mrs. M. Spooner, Mrs. Paine Aldrich, Mrs. J. S. 
Pinkham, Miss Sarah Wheeler, Miss Jenny Green, and others 
whose names cannot be recalled, were among the pioneers. 
" By these ladies," says Stella, in the Palladium of May first, 
"the sum of ^i6i was immediately raised, and preparations 
for work and for calling a public meeting commenced." 
Several ladies connected with various churches, according to 
another account, " volunteered to raise the necessary funds to 
purchase flannels to make into undershirts for the volun- 
teers." Probably this spirit began to show itself in the differ- 
ent religious societies, and in the several neighborhoods about 
the town, at or near the same time. It was thought best to 
organize and concentrate the energy of the ladies, and accord- 
ingly a meeting was held in the vestry of the Central Church 
on the twenty-fifth of April " to adopt measures for the 
supply of our troops with clothing." Mrs. John Boyden pre- 
sided, and Miss Martha Le Baron acted as secretary. After 
prayer for divine direction by Dr. Sweetser, the following 
were chosen as permanent officers. President, Miss Martha 
Le Baron ; Vice-president, Mrs. William B. Fox ; Secretary, 
Miss Elizabeth Nelson ; Treasurer, Mrs. Frederic S. Leon- 
ard ; Executive Committee, Mrs. William M. Bickford, Mrs. 
Theodore Brown, Mrs. Griggs, Miss Caroline Heywood, 
Miss Emma Allen, Mrs. J. H. Osgood, and Mrs. Charles E. 
Stevens. These were to "co-operate with citizens disposed 
to contribute money, or materials for clothing, for the Wor- 
cester troops." On the twenty-ninth of April, ladies were at 
work for the soldiers in the vestries of the Central and Salem 
Street churches. On the seventh of May, several large 
trunks full of clothing and other things for the troops, with 
some three hundred letters, were sent on by the night mail 
train, in charge of Mr. O'Driscoll. 

The twelfth of May was the Sabbath, but so urgent was the 
call for clothing and other necessaries, that notice was given 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 43 

from most of the pulpits in the morning, inviting the ladies 
to meet in the afternoon, with their needles, &c. In re- 
sponse, a large number met and sewed from one to six 
o'clock. Work on clothing for the Rifle Battalion, which 
it was necessary to have done immediately, was much 
advanced. 

On the fifteenth of May, Major Theron E. Hall went south 
with a large quantity of clothing, letters, papers, &c., for the 
troops. By the seventeenth of May the ladies had reached 
these results, viz: 400 pairs of pants, 196 jackets, 25 uniform 
jackets, 412 handkerchiefs, 294 towels, 253 pairs of stockings, 
281 bags with sewing materials, 40 flannel shirts, 71 white 
shirts, 6 sheets, 5 bundles of bandages, 2 reams of paper, 2 
boxes of envelopes. They had raised in money, ^204, and 
paid out $152.25. 

On the twenty-fifth, Major Hall returned from the army, 
and reported " our soldiers all in fine condition, and amply 
supplied with clothing and provisions." 

In this connection a letter may be quoted, which shows 
how the kindness of the ladies was appreciated by the " boys 
in blue." A member of the Emmet Guards wrote home in a 
letter, printed in the Daily Spy, May 27, as follows : 
"The boys look finely since they have got their new coats and 
pants. The ladies of Worcester are deserving of great praise ; 
but if they could only see the poor fellows after receiving 
their offerings, it would be a sufficient reward for anything 
they have done or can do. They compare their presents, like 
little children. One will say, ' Who sent you that .-* ' The 
reply is, ' I do not know, but God bless them, whoever 
it was.' Then somebody will propose three cheers for the 
ladies of Worcester ; then another, for our mothers and 
sisters ; then a tiger for our sweethearts ; and that is the way 
they go on the rest of the evening, until tattoo, when they go 
to sleep, and hold themselves in readiness to turn out at a 
moment's notice." 

From another letter written by a member of the battalion 
and dated Fort McHenry, in the latter part of May, the foi- 



44 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

lowing is taken because it exhibits the effects produced on 
the feeUngs of the soldiers by the handiwork of the ladies. 

" Among the many guests from Worcester who visited our quarters 
here, Major Hall was the most welcome, not that the others were less 
amiable, but because he brought us many boxes of things that were 
needed. The ladies of Worcester, as I see by the papers, have zeal- 
ously worked to contribute their mite to the comfort of the soldiers, 
for which they have deserved our sincerest thanks, and which are here- 
with returned to them, with the assurance that we shall strive to show 
ourselves worthy of such kind attention. The boxes that contained our 
clothes are unpacked yet, while the trunks that contained dozens of bun- 
dles for the different members of the battalion are already distributed. 
You ought to have seen the smiles that brightened their countenances 
when the contents of the bundles revealed themselves, after a most expe- 
ditious process of peeling off the wrappers. Many a heart was gladdened 
by the various * remember me,' while others who stood round the box 
of Santa Claus, in anxious expectation of the things that might fall to their 
lot, went to sleep in disappointment. I was also one of the favorites of 
Santa Claus, as he handed me a box that contained very desirable and 
well-selected articles. My thanks to him. Some of us to-day are still 
under the influence of the first impression which the articles caused on the 
mind or stomach of the various recipients." 

Thus there was constant action and re-action between the 
soldiers in the field and their friends at home. The soldiers 
were incited to fidelity and endurance by the thought that 
busy hands were working, and anxious hearts were praying 
for them, by the fireside, while the ever-present conviction in 
the minds of those at home, that absent ones were exposed to 
all the perils of the camp, the march, and the fight, increased 
the interest in the great cause for which the soldiers were 
contending. 

A few miscellaneous items, belonging to the time under 
review, will bring this chapter to a close. ' 

At the various flag-raisings which occurred almost every 
day, patriotic speakers improved the occasion to deepen the 
convictions of the people in the justice of the cause for 
which the North had taken up arms. Among these speakers 
were ex-mayors Davis and Rice, and many others well 
known to the public. Two occasions of this kind may be 
taken as specimens of the whole. 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 45 

The first took place at New Worcester on the sixth of 
May. It was a gala day for the people of that quiet 
but growing village. A magnificent liberty pole, one hun- 
dred feet high, and second to none in the city, was set up, 
with enthusiastic greetings. At sunset the stars and 
stripes were run up, and a national salute of thirty-four 
guns was fired. The flag was made by the ladies of the 
village, and reflected great credit upon all who were in any 
way connected with it. In the evening there was an enthu- 
siastic meeting in Union Hall, at which Lorin Wetherel 
presided. Eloquent and patriotic speeches were made by 
the chairman, Rev. Daniel Dorchester, pastor of the Metho- 
dist church, John Dean, John Toulmin, Lyman Whitcomb, 
Charles Hersey, and others. Thanks were returned to the 
ladies of the village who took part in making the flag, and 
to his Honor the mayor, for placing the flag-stafl" at the dis- 
posal of the citizens. The residents of New Worcester were 
ever ready to defend their flag and country at all hazards. 

Another flag was raised on the ninth, about sunset, by 
the teachers and children of the St. John Sunday school, of 
which Henry Murray was superintendent. The flag was 
twenty-five by fifteen feet, with the stars arranged in the 
form of a harp, and was raised on a staff rising seventy- 
five feet from the grounds of the Catholic Institute. A 
throng of friends was present, and Joslyn's Band furnished 
music for the occasion. The members of the school sang 
the " Red, White and Blue" and " Star- Spangled Banner," 
and gave twenty cheers, in which the crowd joined most 
heartily. This Sunday school had five teachers in the Third 
Battalion Rifles. 

The passage of the First Regiment of New Hampshire vol- 
unteers through the city, on the way to the war, on the 
afternoon of May 21, was an occasion of universal interest. 
The regiment alighted from the train on the common, and 
were escorted thence to Mechanics Hall, where a bountiful 
collation had been provided for them, to which the mayor, 
in behalf of the city, gave them a welcome in a truly patriotic 



46 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and eloquent speech. On the platform were the ex-mayors 
of the city, Messrs. Lincoln, Bacon, Knowlton, Rice and 
Bullock, and the members of the city government. Mayor 
Davis alluded to the intimate relations which had existed in 
past times between the people of the Granite State and of 
the Old Bay State, who went shoulder to shoulder through 
the battles of the revolution, achieving equal honor, and he 
" trusted they would now also be found equal in their deter- 
mination to uphold the flag of their country at all hazards, 
and trample down rebellion and treason, to the extermination 
from the land of all rebels and traitors who would sully the 
honor of the flag." Colonel Tappan replied, saying he could 
hardly find words adequately to express his "gratitude for 
the cordial manner in which they had been received in the 
heart of the old Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He 
spoke of Massachusetts as the pioneer state in the Revolu- 
tion, and also as the first to shed blood in this sacred strife, 
but maintained that New Hampshire, although coming later 
into the field, was no less patriotic, and would be no less 
enthusiastic in her efforts to strike down treason. Her 
soldiers would fight, side by side, and shoulder to shoulder, 
with those from this state, as in the day of 1776, until the 
same glorious old banner shall float again over every state, 
fortress, and territory where it waved previous to the rebell- 
ion." After the collation, the regiment was escorted to the 
common, where amid sympathetic shoutings and a parting 
salute of cannon, the train moved away. Says the Spy, 
after giving an account of the reception : " The intense, even 
sad interest, with which the passage of these troops was 
watched by our entire population, was worthy of a city that 
has sent so many sons to the inevitable battle-field." 

In the meantime the military men of the city were organ- 
izing for future service. On the twenty-fourth of April, the 
honorary and past members of the Worcester Light Infantry, 
held a meeting at their armory, and adopted a plan of organ- 
ization. The plan contemplated two classes of members ; 
one to constitute a Home Guard, and the other to consist of 



PREPARATION FOR THE CONFLICT. 47 

active members from whom to recruit the present company 
now in service, should it become necessary. Many names 
were enrolled. 

On the twenty-sixth, the past and fine members of the City 
Guards held a large and spirited meeting. General George 
Hobbs was in the chair, and John Boyden was clerk. The 
permanent organization was completed by the election of 
officers. The list will be found in the chapter on the 
" Guards." 

The objects in view were the formation of a Home Guard, 
the selection of a Relief Committee, and holding regular 
meetings for the military drill of those who might join as 
recruiting members. The Trumpeter of the City Guards, 
W. H. Heywood, was one of the famous " six hundred " who 
made the charge at Balaklava, when 

" Cannon to right of them, 
Cannon to left of them, 
Cannon in front of them, 
Vollied and thundered." 

On the first of May, the Home Guards, consisting of hon- 
orary, past members, and friends of the Worcester Light 
Infantry, organized by choosing officers. The names will 
be found in the chapter relating to the " Guards." 

A new military company was also formed, with the fol- 
lowing officers : Albert H. Foster, Captain ; John W. Davis, 
First Lieutenant ; John W. Grout, Second Lieutenant ; John 
S. Hall, Third Lieutenant ; George W. Goddard, Fourth 
Lieutenant. This company was drilled by Lieutenant 
Grout. 

On the fourth of May, the Worcester Franklin Guards- 
chose the following officers : David M. Woodward, Captain ; 
W. H. Monahan, First Lieutenant ; A. B. Forbes, Second 
Lieutenant ; Anson Withey, Third Lieutenant ; L. G. Knif- 
fin. Fourth Lieutenant ; Francis Bridges, Clerk. 

The following incidents show the different modes by which 
the sentiments of the people were expressed at the time. 

On the twenty-seventh of April, early in the morning, ' 



48 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

" Jeff. Davis " was found hanging in efBgy on a tree at the 
corner of Main and Elm streets. 

An 6ld resident of the city, but by birth a native of South 
Carolina, declared that, though he loved his native state, 
he hoped every man there who had a hand in the secession 
movement, might be hung as a warning to all traitors. 

At a meeting on the twenty-ninth of April, the city coun- 
cil made an appropriation of ^3,000 to be expended in uni- 
forms and equipments for troops called into actual service. 

In the meantime our extemporized but well-equipped 
soldiers had begun to learn the rough experiences of the 
camp. The Infantry were guarding the national capital, 
and the Rifle Batallion were keeping open the road to it 
from the north in defiance of the rebels of Baltimore. 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 49 



CHAPTER III. 

THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 

The hurried departure of the Light Infantry, as a part of 
the Stxth Regiment, and the rude reception in Baltimore, have 
already been recited. The following extract from a letter 
dated April 20, and written in the Senate chamber at Wash- 
ington, will be read with interest. 

"From one end of our route to the other, our progress has been one con- 
tinued ovation. We have no cause to find fault with our reception at any 
point. At Philadelphia our entrance was magnificent. We were escorted 
to our quarters in Continental Hall by what seemed to be the entire popu- 
lace of Philadelphia, who cheered us vehemently, and even rushed upon 
our ranks to shake hands and give us a right hearty welcome. They 
shouted until they were hoarse, and then insisted upon embracing us. 
' All hail, Massachusetts ! ' ' Bunker Hill is on hand ! ' * We'll follow the 
Old Bay State,' &c. Reaching Philadelphia, our men were very much 
fatigued, and after a hearty supper at the Girard House, we ' turned in ' 
upon our blankets and the bare floor for the night. At eleven o'clock, 
just as we began to sleep, the drum called us to arms, and in less than 
fifteen minutes the regiment was marching to the Baltimore railroad sta- 
tion, in obedience to orders from Washington. We had been warned of 
danger at Baltimore and we were ordered to load our pieces and be ready 
for action. We were so, and not a man flinched. We reached Baltimore. 
No demonstration was made until we became detached by companies 
for conveyance across the city on the horse railroad." 

As stated already, the Worcester company was in the de- 
tachment which passed through the city before the attack was 
made by the mob. In fact, our soldiers did not know of the 
attack until some hours after it was over. The fortunes of 
the company are narrated in a letter from Captain Pratt, 
written in the Senate chamber, on Saturday, April 20, after 
their arrival: — " Here I am, with all my command safe and 

4 



50 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

sound, in the most magnificent barracks in the world, the 
Senate chamber of the United States ; and the most impres- 
sive scene I ever witnessed was that presented by this cham- 
ber last night, when, sitting at the desk of Senator Trum- 
bull, I looked upon the Sixth Regiment of the Massachusetts 
line, as armed to the teeth, they slept upon the floor and in 
the galleries of the Senate chamber. We are ordered to 
garrison the capitol building, and shall probably remain here 
for some time — perhaps until we return. Everything is as 
pleasant as pleasant can be." The Light Infantry was one 
of the first, if not the very first company of northern troops, 
armed and equipped, to enter the national capital ; and the 
natives of Massachusetts who were residing there felt not 
only a sense of security, but a thrill of state pride, as they 
beheld our soldiers marching through the streets, and taking 
their position as guardians of the capital and the capitol. 

A letter from Dexter F. Parker continues our history. 
Extracts will be taken so far as they let us see the life and 
services of the soldiers. The date is April 22, and the place 
is the Senate chamber. 

" At the hour of writing this, no more troops have arrived, and we have 
no reliable news from the north ; besides, we are most painfully conscious 
that no letters from us have yet reached our anxious friends at home since 
the Sixth Regiment arrived here. Yesterday — Sunday — was indeed a 
busy day with us ; for early in the morning orders came to at once pre- 
pare ovens to bake our bread, and to lay pipes to secure us water ; and 
in company with other volunteers, we went at the work briskly, and by 
to-morrow we shall have the means of standing a regular seige, having 
now stored here in the capitol over Jive tJiousand barrels of flour, besides 
pork, beans, beef, (salt) and bacon, and our supply of water will be ample 
for the five hundred troops now stationed within the walls," 

Speaking of the mustering of the regiment into the na- 
tional service, the writer says : " Our company beats the 
crowd, in numbers, to say the least. We mustered ninety- 
four. After the roll-call was finished, we were drawn up in 
a hollow square to take the oath of allegiance to the Union, 
and eight hundred voices, with the left hand clasping the 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. $1 

musket, and the right hand Ufted to heaven, swore their 
fealty anew to their country and its laws." After relating 
that a few members of other companies refused to take the 
oath, he goes on : — 

" Do you blame tis for feeling exultant over otir corps, who had not a 
single man to decline to take the oath, or to stand by his country ? After 
this form of mustering, we broke column, and each company started for 
its quarters ; and just as we entered the building, all of us sung the 
chorus of the ' Star-Spangled Banner,' and seven hundred men re-echoed 
in the capitol the soul-stirring lines : 

'The star-spangled banner, O long may it wave, 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.' 

You should have heard how those hollow arches, partitions and halls, 
rung with our refrain, which the ' Infantry ' has taken for its rallying 
cry, as well also, the ' Red, White and Blue.' After a little rest we were 
all mustered again and marched down to the White House, passing in 
review before ' honest old Abe ' and General Scott. It was a grand sight 
to see our long files marching down the avenue with ' arms at will,' and 
our muskets glistening like silver in a summer's sun, all of them half- 
cocked and capped, ready to be fired at an instant. The regiment 
marched splendidly, steady, firm, in good order, and attracted great atten- 
tion. The old hero of Lundy's Lane and Chepultepec, praised us highly, 
and as we filed up the hill to the capitol, the regiment showed grandly. 
Our Worcester boys enjoyed it much, and need I tell our many friends 
at home how proud we are to have the largest company in the whole 
regiment, and not a cowardly sneak among us." 

The following bits of letters, written in the latter part of 
April, set forth life in camp as freshly as when first received. 
"This morning — Sunday, April 28, — at ten o'clock, we 
assembled in the Senate chamber for divine services, and a 
most expressive sermon was delivered by our chaplain, Rev. 
Mr. Babbridge of Pepperell. He said we were here as the 
accredited representatives of New England, and that we must 
reflect credit on the Old Bay State. Unconsciously came 
the tears into the eyes of our men as the preacher drew a 
touching little home picture of the sober stillness which per- 
vaded the numerous places of worship in the Old Bay State 
on this quiet Sabbath morning, and spoke of the prayers as- 



52 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

cending to heaven for our safety." A letter signed J. W. D., 
says : " The Worcester Light Infantry are under great obK- 
gations to many friends who are constantly looking after our 
wants. Captain Perkins of Worcester is constantly doing 
something for us. Miss Barton, a relative of Judge Barton, 
and Mrs. Vassall, both of this city, but natives of Worcester 
county, are among us like angels, ministering to our wants, 
and bringing us little luxuries and dainties for the sick. 
They are descendants of revolutionary stock, and nobly do 
they maintain the good fame of their ancestry. We generally 
* turn in ' for the night at ten o'clock, and this is the way of it, 
— a funny way of going to bed. We just roll ourselves in our 
blankets and tumble upon the floor of the Senate chamber, 
using our knapsacks for pillows ; and I assure you, we never 
slept sounder upon our beds at home. . . There' has been 
great confusion in regard to our rations, owing to the sudden- 
ness of our arrival here and the number of troops constantly 
coming in to be provided for. We eat but twice a day. In 
the morning we get fried pork, bread, and coffee without 
milk. For supper we have either fried beef or soup, and 
cold water. It is tough for those of our boys who have eat 
at their fathers' well-laid tables, and had free access to mam- 
ma's pies and cakes. But it won't hurt them. When they 
get home they will be able to appreciate good living, and will 
never grumble at common yankee fare. . . , The great dan- 
ger threatening our country, which danger calls forth in 
battle array the bravest of our men, obliterates all party lines, 
and cements us all together as one man, ready to endure all 
hardship and all danger, and sacrifice our lives, even, for the 
Union, and for the integrity of our glorious old stars and 
stripes. We don't sing anything but national songs, and the 
harmonious strains of the ' Star-Spangled Banner,' and 
good old * America,' may constantly be heard swelling up 
from the various company quarters." 

Whenever the president appeared, the soldiers cheered 
him most heartily, and counted it a great privilege to take 
him by the hand. Thus early did he acquire that love and 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 53 

confidence of the soldiery which followed him to the end of 
his life. 

The great service of the Sixth Regiment, of which our 
Light Infantry was a component part, in saving the capital of 
the nation from capture by the rebels, has passed into the 
history of the country. It constituted a bright page, which 
the citizens of Worcester may read with pride in all the 
generations to come. The capital being made secure by 
the massing of a large body of troops in and near Washing- 
ton, the Light Infantry were moved from the capitol build- 
ing, as will be seen from a letter dated May 7, at Elk Ridge 
Landing, Md. Says J. W. D. : — 

" We received marching orders from General Butler, Saturday after- 
noon, and on Sunday morning were marched to the depot. Hosts of 
our friends in Washington surrounded us and bade us good-bye. We 
reached Elk Ridge Landing, near the Relay House, at nightfall, and took 
possession of the heights which command the Baltimore and Ohio, and 
Baltimore and Washington railroads. On reaching here we found that our 
camp equipage had not arrived. It began to rain, and we were without 
shelter of any kind. Each company divided the men into squads, and 
all went to work making wigwams of the limbs of trees, and such fence 
rails as could be found. As soon as we had these made, we packed in 
supperless, like so many sheep. Myself and sixteen others crowded into 
one of these tents, with nothing to lie on save some leaves of trees spread 
on the wet ground, and with the rain pouring in all night. Parker was in 
our squad, but we were too crowded for him ; and he and Captain Pratt 
lay on the ground outside, near the fire." 

Here the company and their comrades remained all day 
in the rain, through Monday, on the top of the ridge, without 
shelter. Then finding a pile of boards, they set up a shanty 
which afforded some protection. A thunder gust took off 
the roof, but in five minutes it was replaced, and the happy 
owners named the establishment the " Pratt House," in 
honor of the Captain, who was invited to "snooze" inside. 
This same evening, our troops, which liad the power to cut 
off all intercourse between Baltimore and Virginia, stopped 
a train with four car-loads of flour on the way to the " Old 
Dominion." The cars were locked, but the doors were 



54 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

broken open with axes, the flour taken out, the train searched, 
and then allowed to pass. On the morning of the seventh 
of May, another train was stopped, and a large quantity of 
tea and tobacco for Virginia was seized. 

A letter from the lamented Dexter F. Parker, dated the 
tenth of May, carries forward the history of the company in 
connection with that of the regiment. 

" Last evening," says the letter, " was a gala one for the regiment. 
The ladies in a village lying in the valley some hundred rods below us, 
flung to the breeze the " stars and stripes," and just as it reached the top 
of the flagstaff, three hundred or so of us made Elk Ridge Valley ring 
with cheers, such as only soldiers situated as we are, can give ; and after 
that two hundred voices sang, with cheers and shouts intermingled, the 
'Star-Spangled Banner,' ' Columbia,' the 'Gem of the Ocean,' and 'God 
Save America,' and need I say we made the hills and valleys ring with 
these glorious songs and our National Anthem. At nightfall there was 
uncommon activity in the camp, for the ' Baltimore roughs ' threatened 
to come down and give us an ' evening call,' and every man was ready for 
the devils at any hour they chose to come." 

But the " roughs " knew better than to come within range 
of any of the Sixth Regiment. None knew better than they 
that the blood of the Massachusetts men who fell in Balti- 
more a few days before, would have been exacted of them to 
the last drop. It must, on the other hand, have been exceed- 
ingly grateful to the feelings of our brave boys to cheer those 
" ladies," in the Elk Ridge valley, when they, right in the 
land of secession, where the song " My Maryland " was in- 
cessantly sung, flung the grand old national flag to the 
breezes of heaven. It made them feel that they had 
friends near at hand ; that while the "plug uglies " of the 
city were their enemies, the ladies in the county districts 
were true to the Union. 

It is a matter of interest even at this late day to know 
what was the fare of our soldiers, day by day, in the begin- 
ning of the war. These were the rations served to the com- 
pany each day, viz. :" lOO pounds fresh beef, or 125 pounds 
salt meats ; 100 pounds crackers, or the same number of 
loaves of bread ; 6 pounds coffee, 12 pounds sugar, 6 pounds 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 55 

of soap, 10 pounds of rice or lo quarts of beans, 2 quarts of 
vinegar, 2 pounds of salt, 36 candles." At this time the men 
had three meals a day, though at times they had suffered 
great privations. 

The next move of the regiment, with our Infantry, was to 
Federal Hill, near Baltimore, where General Butler placed 
them on the thirteenth of May. Says the letter of Mr. 
Parker : — 

" It was not till the train was fairly under running speed that we knew 
we were ' off for Baltimore ; ' and need I tell you how we shouted for joy 
when we knew the ' Old Sixth ' were to show their teeth again to the 
ruffians who murdered Whitney, Needham and Ames ? The march to 
this place — Federal Hill — was a splendid one. It was dark, and not 
a star was visible. A htde to the west and north of us were black, 
heavy clouds, constantly lighted up by heat and chain lightning, every 
flash of which glistened on our bayonets, and along the barrels of our 
guns, revealing on the sidewalks thousands of people, who crowded all 
places on the line of march, and at some points cheered us most loudly. 
. . . No sooner had we formed from column into line than the shower 
reached us, and there we stood in the blackest darkness, every flash of 
the sharp lightning revealing our three well-formed lines, and showing us, 
right at our feet, the splendid bay, and East Baltimore right in our front. 
On the hill here is a flagstaff, and by the flashing of the lightning we 
saw running to its top the star-spangled banner, and such cheers as 
then rent the air you cannot imagine." 

As the rain kept pouring down, and there were no tents 
to shelter the men, General Butler found quarters for them 
in an engine house near by, which had an engine room and 
two large halls. The citizens and the police were very 
attentive to them, bringing water, and otherwise promoting 
their comfort, but before they could get any sleep, a false 
alarm caused them to be ordered " to fall in, instantly," 
it being rumored that the " roughs " were attacking the 
guard. In this way they were kept up through the night, 
by the light of "seventy monstrous camp-fires," or sought 
a little sleep in the " mud and rain." By a board fence 
close to the fires, and exposed to the storm, the Infantry 
passed the night, the men " singing every song they ever 



56 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

knew, and cheering as loud as they could their Baltimore 
Union friends who came into the camp." 

The kindness of friends at home, and the visits of those 
who were sent with supplies, cheered the hearts of the 
soldiers, in the time of severe privations. Here is a speci- 
men of what often occurred all through the war. " From 
our friends at Worcester we have here William S. Lincoln, 
who has charge of the new suit, and has come to see what 
we want, while Governor Andrew has just had here, to 
see to our wants, R. A. Pierce, adjutant of the Third Regi- 
ment, and we all feel that soon we shall be in good trim. 
Dr. J. C. Ayer has just sent us, (the Infantry) a most gen- 
erous donation of his medicines, which are doing our men 
great good. The * boys ' are nicely, tough and hearty, ajtd 
are ready for any duty!' 

A letter of the fifteenth of May, speaks of the arrest of 
Ross Winans, a sympathizer with the rebels, near the Relay 
House, by Sergeant Church Howe and others. Mr. D. F. 
Parker, while peering about Baltimore a few days previous 
to the date of the letter, had found out the manufacture of a 
very murderous kind of balls, so " arranged as to explode 
the powder and scatter the ball on its striking a hard sub- 
stance." General Butler put a stop to the business. The 
regiment had suffered much from a defective commissariat, 
but the management of Sergeant Church Howe brought 
quick relief " The Sixth Regiment will never forget bis 
efforts." Large supplies of extra rations were received also 
from friends in Worcester, such as excellent pickles, cod- 
fish, and potatoes ; besides jackets enough to supply the 
regiment. The following words tell of exposure and toil, 
since clothing is not used up so fast except in hard service. 
" We have looked anxiously for the box of clothing, es- 
pecially the pants from Worcester. Some of our boys are 
obliged to appear in their drawers, and but few have whole 
pants to wear." 

A private letter of the same date from Captain Pratt, fur- 
nishes the following information : — 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD, 57 

" Since our arrival — at Federal Hill — we have been busy cleaning 
out secession holes, (for there are many here yet,) seizing arms, &c. 
Yesterday a detachment of the Groton company and the Worcester Light 
Infantry, forty men, marched through Pratt street, (the scene of the former 
attack,) seized 2600 stands of muskets and 4000 pikes, and through a 
crowd of thousands, took them to Fort McHenry. Threats and curses 
came thick and deep, but no attack. 

We left some of our men in camp at the Relay House, who, with de- 
tachments from other companies, went down nearly to Harper's Ferry, 
night before last, on a tour of observation, — so you will perceive we 
have work enough to do. The Sixth is the working regiment of the 
army." 

From letters bearing date between May 31 and June 
7, the following facts are collected. On the thirty-first 
of May, the company was at the Relay House, then recog- 
nized as a post instead of a camp. On the thirtieth, Colonel 
Jones, who had the command of two regiments and the 
Boston Artillery, Colonel Hincks, of the eighth, Major Cook, 
of the Artillery, Adjutant Farr, Lieutenant Porter, Lieu- 
tenant Denny, (the writer of the letter), and some sergeants 
and corporals, of the Artillery, in all thirteen, mounted on 
fleet horses, in full uniforms, were out on a tour of observa- 
tion. They rode about thirty-five miles round the country. 
By order of Colonel Jones, Lieutenant Denny searched the 
house of a wealthy and noted secessionist, who was reported 
to have fire-arms on his premises. Nothing was found, as 
he had joined the enemy at Harper's Ferry, and probably 
taken his arms with him. On Sunday, June 2, the regi- 
ment was formed in line, and the articles of war were read. 
Some of them related to the morals of the officers and 
soldiers. For example, an officer was fined $1 for using 
profane language in camp ; and a private, for the same of- 
fense, one-sixth of a dollar. One of the privates of the 
Light Infantry was tried by court martial, for running guard 
line, and going out of camp, without leave. He was sen- 
tenced to be confined three days, on bread and water, then 
taken before the regiment and publicly reprimanded. On 
the seventh of June, after a great rain-storm, the Infantry 



58 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

found themselves in a bad case for bedding. " Our supply 
— of straw — at the commencement of this storm had be- 
come entirely worn down ; in fact our beds became one part 
mud, one and a half parts water, and one half part split and 
flattened straw. If we had been in comfortable barracks, 
well roofed, we could have straw, but as we were soldiers in 
camp, dwellers in tents, most of which presented no barrier 
to the drippings of the water, we must lie in mud, according 
to law." Four or five officers were court-martialed ; one 
for sleeping while on picket-guard duty. This one was 
sentenced to stand twenty-four hours in a conspicuous place, 
with a board suspended to his neck, upon which his name 
and these words were inscribed : " found asleep on picket- 
guard duty, and court-martialed." 

A letter, written by a visitor to the camp on the fourth of 
June, says that " The Worcester Light Infantry were in 
good condition at the Relay House, and that Dexter F. 
Parker was acting as commissary." On the eleventh of June, 
General Augustus Morse, Majors Hall and Fletcher of his 
staff, Colonel Ivors Phillips, Nathan Washburn and others, 
left for Washington and other points of interest, taking 
in charge a large trunk full of packages and letters for the 
troops. In due time the soldiers from Worcester were 
cheered with their presence and kind greetings from home. 
On the seventeenth of June, Messrs. Davis and Morissey, 
who visited our troops under the auspices of the State de- 
partment, returned, and reported that on the ninth and tenth, 
they were at the camp of the Sixth Regiment, and they spoke 
of it with great praise. "The conduct of the men at the 
Relay camp — the Infantry were at that station — is so ex- 
emplary in every particular, that the inhabitants of the 
vicinity have petitioned General Scott to allow them to 
remain." 

On the seventeenth of June, the Sixth Regiment was re- 
viewed by Major Morse, and marched to the depot to receive 
the First Massachusetts Regiment as they passed to Washing- 
ton. The regiment was welcomed with the most hearty 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 59 

cheers. A banner from the ladies of New York was pre- 
sented on the twenty-first, which recognition of their services 
was gratefully received. The Infantry as a part of the regi- 
ment, were ordered to Baltimore on the twenty-sixth of June, 
and encamped in a grove belonging to a noted secessionist. 
At ten o'clock p.m. of June 30, they were ordered to be ready 
to fall into line at roll of the drum, and at two o'clock the next 
morning, took up line of march through the city. They 
halted at the residence of Charles Howard, president of the 
board of Police Commissioners, and arrested and took him 
to Fort McHenry. The next day, July 2, they returned to 
the Relay House without accident. On the fourth of July 
loyal citizens of Baltimore presented the regiment with a 
splendid silk banner, with the inscription: — "Loyal citi- 
zens of Baltimore, to the Sixth Massachusetts U, S. V. 
Pratt street, April 19, 1861." This was one of many grace- 
ful acts by the loyal people of Baltimore, by which their 
abhorrence of the foul attack on the Sixth Regiment was 
expressed. 

On the twenty-first of July, the regiment was informed 
that, their time having expired, they would leave for home 
within two or three days ; but on the twenty-second there 
was an alarm at ten o'clock in the morning, ammunition was 
served out, and the regiment was formed in line. A dis- 
patch had been received from General Banks, requiring 
them to be ready for instant action, news having been re- 
ceived that our forces were retreating from Manassas Junc- 
tion. A letter from the camp near the Relay House, written 
by a member of the Infantry, shows the effect of the defeat 
at Bull Run upon our soldiers. " The feelings of sorrow 
which fill the breast of every soldier in our army, in conse- 
quence of our defeat in Virginia, is deeper than I can de- 
scribe. We hear the story of the terrible battle from those 
who witnessed it, and from several who were in the hottest 
of the fight. We have here now, as prisoners, two of the 
Fire Zouaves who escaped to Washington from the field of 
battle, and thence took the cars this way, completely ex- 



60 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

hausted and demoralized. We took them as deserters. 
About one o'clock at night, on the twenty-second of July, 
we received the first news of our defeat, and at the same 
time. Colonel Jones received orders by telegraph to get his 
regiment ready for instant service. The soldiers seized 
their muskets and rushed to the line with promptness. The 
contents of the despatch were announced, and Colonel Jones 
asked * if there was any man in the regiment who would rim 
from the enemy under any circumstances unless he was 
ordered.''' A loud ' no,' with loud cheers rang through the 
lines. Said the Colonel : ' If one man thinks he will rim, 
let him step out and I will discharge him at once.' He then 
told us that we should probably receive instant orders to go 
to Washington, and meet the enemy. Said he, ' Will you 
stand by me like men ? ' A loud ' yes ' was the response. 
' Good,' said he ; ' I did not doubt your bravery, or your dis- 
position, but it does me good to hear your determination 
from your own lips.' I believe our men would rather die on 
the field of battle than run before an enemy." 

On the twenty-third of July, Major-General Banks visited 
the camp and was received with military honors. The 
regiment having formed a square, the general entered, and 
mounting a chair, made an effective speech. After com- 
plimenting the regiment for their soldierly qualities, and re- 
ferring to the fact that their term of service had expired, 
he said that the " capital was again in imminent danger, the 
foes of our country were threatening it with a large, and for 
a moment, a victorious army. He held the key of the cap- 
itol. He had no regiment he could put in our position, and 
must wait for other troops to arrive." He appealed to the 
regiment as sons of Massachusetts, once more to stand by 
the flag and defend the country. Ten days at farthest was 
all they would be asked to remain. The appeal was scarcely 
needed, because the soldiers only had to know the wants of 
the country, to respond in the affirmative. While he was 
speaking, the soldiers' eyes were many times filled with tears, 
says an eye-witness, and when he closed " the boys gave 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 6l 

some tremendous cheers." The regiment with almost entire 
unanimity voted to remain, but their place was soon filled 
by the arrival of other troops, and on the twenty-sixth they 
were ordered to pack up extra baggage, which was sent 
home the next day. On the twenty-ninth, the regiment 
broke camp at six o'clock in the morning and started for 
Massachusetts, having made an honorable record. At Phila- 
delphia, New York, and other places on the route, they 
were honored with the most flattering demonstrations of pub- 
lic esteem and respect. They arrived at Worcester on the 
first of August, at ten o'clock a.m., and had a grand recep- 
tion, worthy of the " Heart of the Commonwealth," and 
" cheering to the hearts of the soldiers, who were filled with 
delight to again press the free soil of Massachusetts." The 
" Infantry," Company G, went on to Boston with the regi- 
ment, where a hearty reception awaited them. The next 
day, at seven a.m., they marched to the Common where a 
collation had been prepared for them by the city. There 
they were mustered out of service, but being a Lowell regi- 
ment, they proceeded to that city to meet with a grand 
demonstration of public approbation. All that the city au- 
thorities, and all that individuals could do, was done, to 
make the soldiers feel that they had the esteem and gratitude 
of their fellow-citizens. Says the Massachusetts Register: 
"After partaking of refreshments, parting speeches were 
made by members of the regiment, expressing strong frater- 
nal feelings, and showing that friendships had been formed 
which would endure long after the separation then to take 
place." 

It was late in the day before the ovation at Lowell was 
ended, but the Worcester men were bound to see home that 
day, and by a special train, arrived in the city about mid- 
night. They were met at Lincoln Square by many of their 
friends, and escorted to the armory. It was their intention 
to bivouac on the Common, but in consequence of their 
fatigue. Captain Pratt dismissed them to meet in their ar- 
mory next morning. 



62 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

On Saturday, the second of August, the friends of the of- 
ficers and men composing the Light Infantry, furnished a 
" splendid collation in honor of their patriotic and arduous 
services in the cause of their country." Four long tables 
were set in Horticultural Hall, covered with a profusion of 
good things arranged by the lady friends of the soldiers, 
under the superintendence of Colonel Putnam W. Taft, chair- 
man of the committee of arrangements for the occasion. 
The hall was well filled by the Infantry and their friends, 
including the " Infantry Home Guards," under whose aus- 
pices the reception was conducted. " The whole affair," says 
the Palladium, " passed off in the most pleasant and success- 
ful manner, highly entertaining the large number of recipients 
filling the hall from half-past one till three o'clock. Captain 
D. Waldo Lincoln, commander of the Old Infantry Guards, 
presided at the tables, and welcomed the returning soldiers 
home, in an appropriate address. After reciting the deeds 
of the regiment, he closed as follows : — 

" Truly sir, in your case, fortune has favored the brave. Who now, 
among you, would exchange the glorious recollections of that passage 
through those blood-stained streets, or those night bivouacs at the Re- 
lay, and on Federal Hill, amid cold, and fasting, and drenching storm, of 
those rags, even, so jeered at by the ragamuffins of Baltimore, for all 
the pomp and pride and circumstance of any other, or all other regi- 
ments ? Like General Taylor's army in the Mexican war, you have had 
the hard time, and we rejoice at it. We thank you for all you have done, 
and borne, and suffered in the cause of our country, for the honor of our 
city, and for this our good old corps. We welcome you with glad hearts 
to all the rewards which so justly belong to you for such services and 
such sacrifices." 

Captain Pratt made an eloquent response, closing with 
these words : — 

" Since leaving home we have had one hundred and one men in our 
ranks ; four have been sent home sick, (now well however), and ninety- 
seven returned in the ranks to-day. Out of the entire number, but four 
have received punishment of any nature. All of those with whom we 
have been associated, are Massachusetts men, and have ever guarded 
with jealous care the honor of their mother state ; but these men of ours 
have seemed to be animated by the consciousness that a still higher re- 



THE LIGHT INFANTRY IN THE FIELD. 63 

sponsibility ever rested upon the men who bore upon (heir shield the 
Bay State's heart. For months, in the hght of day and in the c^loom of 
night, we have stood side by side, we have shared common dangers and 
privations, and to the music of the Union we have marched beneath a 
common flag ; and I say to you, fellow-citizens of Worcester, if you are 
not as proud of them as I am, it is because you know them less." 

Mayor Davis next spoke, complimenting ex-Govenior Lin- 
coln as a friend of the soldiery, and he was followed by 
the venerable patriot in impressive remarks. Hon. Dex- 
ter F. Parker, lieutenant of the company, was next intro- 
duced, and he responded with great feeling, saying that the 
soldiers would willingly buckle on their armor anew, if ne- 
cessary, till all sections of the country from which once in 
unison floated the star-spangled banner, shall acknowledge 
one constitution, under the same glorious old stars and 
stripes. 

On leaving the hall, Governor Lincoln, Mayor Davis, and 
the ladies who did such good service at the tables, joined in 
the escort to the Common, where the Infantry was reviewed 
by Governor Lincoln and the Mayor, after which they went 
through the skirmish drill in a manner to excite great cheer- 
ing from the numerous spectators. And then the wearied 
but happy soldiers were permitted to put off the harness of 
war, and retire to their homes. 



64 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE CAMPAIGN OF THE TPHRD BATTALION RIFLES. 

The departure of the Third Battalion, late on the evening 
of Saturday, April 20, for the post of danger, has been duly 
chronicled. It is now our pleasant duty to follow the for- 
tunes of this brave command through all their term of en- 
listment, and to witness their return after rendering most im- 
portant service, and achieving lasting honor. 

The facts in the following narration have been derived 
from the publications of the day, where numerous letters 
from members of the battalion may be found, and from a diur- 
nal furnished for the Massachusetts Register, 1862, by Na- 
thaniel S. Liscomb, Sergeant-Major. The battalion, which 
was cheered by throngs of people on the route, all night long, 
as at West Brookfield, Springfield, Hartford, New Haven, 
and other places, and treated with refreshments, reached New 
York at eight o'clock on Sunday morning, where they were 
well received. They took breakfast and dinner at the Fifth 
Avenue Hotel, and marched thence to the armory of the 
famous Seventh Regiment. They were cheered on every side 
as they passed through the city, their Harper's Ferry rifles 
and sword-bayonets attracting much attention. At the 
armory they were visited by Hon. Charles Sumner and other 
distinguished gentlemen. Mr. Sumner made a few remarks 
in commendation of their soldierly appearance and the 
promptness with which they had responded to the call 
of the president. The Nciv York Herald reports that 
they *' were quartered at the Arsenal, and supped at the 
Howard House prior to their embarkation for Annapolis. 
At eight o'clock, Sunday morning, they marched from the 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 65 

Howard to the pier of the steamer Ariel, on board of which 
they embarked. The battaHon consists of fine, athletic 
and powerful men. They are all armed with terrible sword- 
bayonets, fastened by a patent catch of Yankee invention, to 
rifles of modern improvements. The men were loudly 
cheered as they went slowly down Broadway, with perfect 
no7ichala7ice." 

A letter from Annapolis dated the twenty-eighth of April, 
gives the experience of the battalion in New York, and on 
the voyage to Annapolis. 

" Our regiment passed an unquiet Sunday after leaving home. . . It 
was very warm and the fatigue caused by marching so much in our over- 
coats and with so many accoutrements, was too much for four or five of 
the boys, who fainted. We came to this place by water, and of the seven 
hundred of our troops on our vessel, there were but few who were not 
sea-sick. Our raw salt-junk, indifferently called ' horse,' ' beef,' &c., and 
our hard sea-biscuit, though rather tough eating at first, now taste first- 
rate. We wash our harder rations down with a swallow of muddy coffee, 
without sugar or milk, and so far from complaining, we are now only 
too glad to ask for more." 

From a letter written by a private — L. Wageley, — Co. A, 
or City Guards, on the twenty-eighth of April, the following 
paragraphs are selected, showing as they do the esteem in 
which certain officers were held, and the constant and severe 
service of the battalion. 

" Captain Sprague is much liked by his company, because he is not 
only a competent leader, but also a gentleman. The same can be said 
of our worthy commander, Major Devens, who does not consider his po- 
sition a diploma of vanity, with a privilege of abusing subordinates, as is 
often the case in military organizations. He entertains the friendliest 
intercourse with all members of the battalion, and I do not know of one 
who dislikes him. A good spirit prevails throughout the whole body, and 
their condition of health is excellent. 

If we should return home at present, you would hardly recognize us 
again, because our complexion approaches nearly that of an octoroon, and 
noses as red as copper, and our faces experience no obstacle in the de- 
velopment of a hairy countenance. . . . We cannot complain of being 
slighted in the matter of calls to military duty. For two days we were 
a police force detachment to guard the different gates which lead into the 

5 



^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

city, and the grounds of the Naval School, which cover an area of about 
one hundred and fifty acres. Every detachment had to serve twenty-four 
hours, during which time but few could sleep. I tried to sleep upon the 
hard floor, using the cartridge-box and an old glove for a pillow, but I 
did not succeed; and when the inevitable sergeant cried, 'Turn out, 
guard ! ' my bones were stiflfer than a poker." 

The Ariel took the battalion via Fortress Monroe to 
Annapolis, where she arrived on the twenty-fourth of April. 
The next day the soldiers were assigned quarters in the main 
building of the Naval School, over the head-quarters of 
General Butler. On the twenty-ninth, they received their 
first news and letters from home, through Hon. D wight 
Foster. The letters were highly prized. The Register 
says: "Commenced reading a chapter in the Bible, and 
singing at eight p.m. Captain Sprague read this evening, 
to be followed by Lieutenants Pickett, Joslin, Moulton, and 
Harkness. We have some fine singers, and think this part 
of our daily exercises will afford us much pleasure." 

On the second of May, late in the evening, the battalion 
embarked for Fort McHenry and landed at six on the fol- 
lowing morning, in a cold rain-storm. Everything here 
was in confusion, lodgings were in miserable condition, 
and food was scarce and tough. The fourth of May opened 
with snow and rain. Says the chronicler : " We thought 
we were moving south, where it would be warm, — not only 
warm work, but warm weather. Governor Andrew's over- 
coats, which sonic thought a foolish purchase, are just what 
we need, and we should suffer without them." The fifth was 
Sunday, and there was no drill, but inspection and dress- 
parade. The Rev. Mr. Roberts of Baltimore preached in 
the chapel. Says another: "We had orders last night, to 
sleep with our equipments on, and be prepared for an attack 
from the roughs of Baltimore. So we piled into the straw 
with our rifles by our side, ready for any callers. Our men 
are. all lively and in good spirits, and I don't beheve we have 
a coward in the company." 

Letters from the battalion prove that they were con- 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 67 

stantly expecting a conflict with the rebels; either with 
organized troops, or with the mob of Baltimore. While at 
Fort McHenry, "military companies" were seen on the 
opposite shore of the Chesapeake, and the soldiers were ex- 
pecting an attack. At the same time the rebel leaders were 
planning to capture Washington. The reason why no attack 
was made, was the readiness of our men to repel it. Our 
capital was safe because so large a force had hastened to its 
defense, and so many regiments guarded the approaches to 
it from Baltimore. We are to measure the efficiency of sol- 
diers as much by what they prevent, as by what they do in 
regular warfare. 

After the battalion had been at the fort a week, the record 
says "that we have had rain, with some snow, all the 
time. We are anxious for a change. The soil sticks to our 
patent leathers in such quantities that if we could send them 
to Massachusetts, we should be in possession of consider- 
able real estate." Major Morris, who commanded at the 
fort, gave orders to have each company drilled by a member 
of the fourth regular artillery, thinking the soldiers would 
improve faster. The soldiers considered their own officers 
not far behind the regulars. 

Napoleon had a maxim that it was dangerous for " bayo- 
nets to think." The bayonets in our army were given to 
thinking, as the following passage illustrates. "Among the 
correspondence between General Butler and Governor Hicks 
of Maryland, which was published in the papers, is a letter 
of General Butler, in which he offered the assistance of troops 
to the governor in case the slaves should rise. It surprised 
me very much. Should I be called upon to aid in putting 
down a slave insurrection, I should have to obey orders, but 
then I should be rather suspicious that the ball of my rifle 
would not hit on account of some defect." 

A letter from " S. A. S.," dated the twelfth of May, fur- 
nishes the following : " The captains and lieutenants do all in 
their power to provide for our wants, especially the captain, 
who looks after the sick, and sees that they are well cared for. 



68 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

I have just returned from church. The chapel is a very 
pretty place. The minister comes from the city. The meet- 
ing commenced with singing by the congregation, ' There is 
a fountain filled with blood.' The minister preached from 
Philippians, 4 : 6, 7, I think the text was a very appropriate 
one for the times. After the sermon a prayer was offered, 
and then we sang the words, ' Go watch and fight and 
pray/ after which the benediction was given, and the soldiers 
dispersed to their several quarters. Most of the officers of 
the different companies were present." 

On the fourteenth of May General Butler seized a large 
lot of arms, and the battalion were marched out the gate to 
guard them. This was the first time they had been outside 
of the gates, and they supposed at first that they were to 
be marched to Baltimore. This seems to have been the 
longing desire of the soldiers during the whole term of their 
service. While at the fort, whose guns covered the city, 
they could hardly keep down the wish that something should 
occur to justify them in purging it of its most dangerous and 
infernal elements. Such feelings being prevalent in camp, 
no surprise can be felt about the occurrence which is de- 
scribed below. On the nineteenth. General Cadwallader ar- 
rested one of the members of Co. A, for insulting Marshal 
Kane, as he alleged. Captain Sprague soon procured his 
release, or there might have been serious trouble, as our 
men looked upon Kane as the worst and most dangerous 
enemy we had in Baltimore. The following letter relates the 
story. 

" The usual monotony of Sunday was interrupted to-day. In the 
morning the articles of war were read to us, and we were sworn into the 
service of the United States by a staff oiificer of the same. After this 
ceremony was over, our much beloved Captain Sprague made some very 
impressive remarlcs, stating he knew his men would follow him where- 
ever he was competent to lead. His remarks were responded to by 
hearty cheers. In the afternoon many of our men attended public wor- 
ship inside the walls of the fort, while others either paraded the grounds 
in pleasant conversation or spent their time in reading and writing. 

AH at once a report reached our quarters that one of our men, William 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES, 69 

Starr, who was lately appointed a sergeant, had been arrested by General 
Cadwallader, and that he was kept prisoner in his head-quarters. This 
news made a great sensation among us of the battalion, and after proper 
inquiry I found the following in relation to the matter. Sergeant Starr, 
with five of our men, was walking along the street, when one said, 
' There is Marshal Kane coming along with General Cadwallader.' 
Whereupon Starr replied, in the hearing of the general, 'All respect 
to the general, but none to Mr. Kane.' The general, taking notice of 
this, immediately asked the squad, who of them had expressed the above. 
Starr did not hesitate a moment to stejD forward and repeat what he had 
said before. The general then had him arrested by his orderly and 
brought to his head-quarters. Those who were in company with Starr 
politely offered themselves also as prisoners to the general, saying that 
the sentiment of Starr was also theirs, and that they would stand by 
him to the last ; but the general did not take any notice, at least he did 
not order their arrest. 

When they informed the company what had transpired, a feeling of 
indignation was aroused throughout the whole battalion, and the men 
concluded to liberate Starr at all hazards ; but Captain Sprague took the 
matter in his own hands, and immediately proceeded with Major Devens 
to the general's headquarters, and asked for the release of Starr. The 
general said he had arrested Starr because he had showed a mark of 
disapprobation. He was commander of this military department, and 
all those persons who had his consent to enter the camp, supposed that 
they enjoyed his protection. Starr was then dismissed, and he was 
received by the members of our company with the greatest enthusiasm. 
Captain Sprague made a very appropriate address to his men, saying that 
we owe to our superior officers respect and obedience. He had but one 
life to live, yet before he would touch the polluted skin of Marshal Kane 
or have anything to do with him in any manner, he would rather be sunk 
into his grave. I have not time to give you the whole of his remarks, but 
will only state that the soldiers were so impressed by the power of his 
eloquence that they shed tears. We like him as a child does his parents 
and we shall follow wherever he leads." 

The soldiers would have been glad to meet the rebels in 
fair fight, as soon as possible, and thus extinguish the re- 
bellion ; but soldiers have other duties than fighting ; duties 
quite as arduous, and far more irksome. A private of the 
battalion wrote as follows : — " While we cannot have the 
satisfaction of seeing the white of the eye of the enemy in the 
field of battle, yet the service we render the country is 
none the less important and useful. It is our duty to protect 



70 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

a people who are yet loyal to their government, but who have 
been hitherto subjected to an all-controlling mob rule." 
They were liberating the people of Maryland, while keep- 
ing open communication between the seat of Government and 
the loyal North. 

A detachment of eighteen men from the battalion, under 
Sergeant Johnson of the City Guards, were ordered to Fort 
Carroll, about five miles south of Fort Mc Henry. The bat- 
talion were engaged in drilling, from four to six hours a day, 
according to the weather, and in " fatigue duty." The volun- 
teers seem to have had much more of this sort of duty than 
the regular soldiers. They were engaged in mounting gun 
carriages, and guns, loading, unloading, and piling cannon 
balls, and in doing everything relating to garrison life. The 
soldiers shrewdly suspected that the commander of the post, 
Major Morris, wished to give the volunteers an opportunity 
to win all the laurels. Many of the battalion were also de- 
tailed for " special duty " as mechanics. Major Morris often 
praised their energy, skill and readiness as laborers and me- 
chanics. Those thus employed were exempted from other 
duties, and received forty cents a day extra, in payment for 
working ten hours a day. This " special duty," and " fatigue 
duty " were continued several weeks, until the fort took a 
different appearance, and became formidable to traitors. 

On the twenty-fifth of June, Captain Sprague, with three 
men of Co. A, was ordered by General Banks to make a 
thorough examination of the bridges between Baltimore and 
Havre de Grace. The work was done and the general ex- 
pressed his approbation. On the same day seven Germans, 
of the ship Bremer Haven, were rescued from drowning by 
our detachment at Fort Carroll. The next day Marshal 
Kane and the Police Commissioners were brought to the fort. 
Nothing could be more pleasing to our soldiers, as they be- 
lieved Kane to be really guilty of the blood shed in Baltimore 
on the nineteenth of June. 

Changes occurred, in the officers of the battalion, from time 
to time. On the thirtieth of June, Adjutant John M. Good- 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 71 

hue left, having received the appointment of captain in the 
regular army. Lieutenant Harkness became acting quarter- 
master on the first of July, Quarter-master Estabrooks having 
been stationed at Fortress Monroe. Lieutenant McCafferty 
was appointed acting adjutant. On the third of July Major 
Devens went to Washington, leaving the battalion in com- 
mand of Captain Sprague. 

The fourth of July was duly celebrated by the Worcester 
boys. They had planned for a " grand time," and were to 
have a dinner after the New-England style. There being no 
drill, the whole day was devoted to festivity. But Major 
Morris had invited the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of 
War, to visit the fort on that day, and it was necessary to 
receive him with the customary honors. That ceremony 
being over, the programme was carried out. Co. A had their 
dinner about four o'clock, p.m. Captain Sprague presided, 
and everything passed off to the satisfaction of all present. 
It was the first time for two and a half months that they 
had seen a table with table-cloth and dishes. The other 
companies "had a nice time," and will long remember that 
day as one of the brightest in the calendar. 

On the fifth the camp was saddened by the death of a 
comrade, Amos H. Gilbert. A brief notice of him will be 
found on another page. 

The next day. Colonel Wetherell of Governor Andrew's 
staff, in company with a member of the Council, visited the 
battalion, which went through drill and dress parade, and 
was reviewed by them. By this time they did not blush to 
be compared with the " regulars." 

Major Devens having been offered the colonelcy of the 
Fifteenth Regiment took leave of the battalion on the 
eleventh in a short but happy speech. He was held in high 
estimation by all under his command. 

On different occasions detachments were sent on expe- 
ditions up and down the bay. On the ninth of July, near 
midnight, Captain McConville of Co. C, and Lieutenant 
Pickett of Co. A, with forty men, were sent on a cruise in the 



72 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Steamer Chester, after two suspicious-looking craft. They 
found " oyster-men " instead of beUigerents, but endured ex- 
posure as much as if they had encountered rebels, and on 
their return, were overtaken by a " very heavy squall of wind 
and rain, accompanied by thunder and lightning." Similar 
expeditions were made on the twelfth, sixteenth, and seven- 
teenth, of July. A detailed account of one of these excur- 
sions will be given, as it serves to show one phase of military 
service. In the words of Sergeant-Major Liscomb : — 

" A detail of forty men, commanded by Lieutenant Pickett of Co. A, 
and Lieutenant O'Neil of Co. C, left about six p.m., on the eighteenth, with a 
steam-tug and sloop, proceeded just below Fort Carroll and anchored for the 
night. In the morning we proceeded to the mouth of the Patuxet, where we 
arrived about two p.m. The steam-tug left the sloop, and proceeded across 
the bay in search of the tug Resolute, but did not succeed in finding her. 
While waiting for the tug, we went on shore and obtained a supply of 
potatoes, oysters, corn-cake, milk, berries, &c. On our return, we were 
followed by the gunboat Yankee, who seemed bound to find out what we 
were doing, supposing we were rebels. They lowered a boat and came 
on board, at the same time preparing for action. We were ordered to re- 
main where we were till morning when we would be taken to AnnapoHs. 
Lieutenant O'Niel, having his commission with him, we finally convinced 
him we were Yankees^ and all the way from Massachusetts. About half- 
past eleven o'clock, in company with two boat-loads of marines from the 
Yankee, we went on shore for the purpose of taking one Haden, who had 
been furnishing aid and comfort to the rebels ; but the bird had flown ; 
so we had nothing more to do. The next morning we left for Fort Mc- 
Henry. Two men of Co. B, (Holden Rifles,) were accidentally shot by a 
pistol in the hands of one of Co. D, (Dodd's Rifles, of Boston), — one in 
the leg, the other in the arm, both flesh wounds. This is the first 
wounded we have had since leaving Massachusetts." 

One of these expeditions was under the command of Cap- 
tain Gleason. It was composed of detachments from each 
company, and was sent to Queenstown to protect the steamer 
Chester, a plan having been made by the rebels to seize her. 
The detachment accomplished their object, and also brought 
to Fort McHenry, the schooner Georgiana, of Baltimore, 
valued at $ 2,000, which had been run ashore and deserted at 
the mouth of Chester River. 

On the twenty-ninth of July the term of service for which 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 73 

the battalion had enlisted, expired, but they could learn noth- 
ing about their return home. Major Morris, who liked the 
regiment, told them they must stay till the nineteenth of 
August, because they did not take the oath till the nineteenth 
of May. But the soldiers thought otherwise, and they were 
right. 

The report up to July twenty-fourth, says that the battalion 
had suffered much from sickness, — a kind of slow fever. 
Twenty left for home that morning in charge of Lieutenant 
O'Driscoll, who v>^as himself an invalid. 

General Dix took command on the morning of the twenty- 
sixth. The battle of Bull Run had been fought and lost, 
and the alarm at Washington had caused the detention of the 
battalion. General Dix came before them, in front of the 
Major's quarters, and spoke as follows: — "Gentlemen, your 
time of service expired on the nineteenth, and you are enti- 
tled to go home. If you say you wish to go, I will order 
your transportation to-morrow ; but I had I'ather you would 
not ask it to-morrow, or for the next five days. I will order 
it within ten days. You have done your duty, and more." The 
battalion was then dismissed, as each man was to decide for 
himself whether to go or stay. The few words of General 
Dix appealed to them as men, and gentlemen, and patriots, 
and they felt the appeal. The men knew that they were 
needed, and every man in the City Guards, and also in the 
Emmet Guards, voted to remain. A few in the other com- 
panies chose to leave the field for home, but the record says : 
" We did not cheer them much" as they left. 

But the immediate danger was soon past ; other troops 
rapidly hastened to the seat of war, and Washington was 
safe. On the twenty-ninth of July, ten days after the time of 
service had expired, an order was issued for the battalion 
to be ready to leave for home, on the morrow, at six o'clock, 
A. M. With the usual vicissitudes of travel, heightened by 
accidents, severe heat, and clouds of dust, they arrived in 
New York at ten o'clock, p.m., of the second day. The next 
morning, August i, about six o'clock, the battalion formed in 



74 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

line, and marched to the Park Barracks. At four in the after- 
noon, they took steamer City of Boston, via New London. 
" You can hardly imagine our feelings," says one who was 
there, " as we came on board. Everything looked better, and 
was better than we have seen for a long time. What a 
change it had made with us ! Some were singing, some jok- 
ing, and all seemed to be happy." 

On Friday morning, August 2, the Rifle Battalion was 
welcomed home with heartfelt enthusiasm. They arrived by 
the Norwich train, about a quarter past nine. They were es- 
corted to the City Hall by a military escort, consisting of the 
Worcester Light Infantry Old Guards, Emmet Home Guards, 
Old City Guards, several companies from Camp Scott and 
Camp Lincoln, bands of music, and a great number of citi- 
zens, Lieutenant-Colonel Ward riding at the head of the col- 
umn. After a bountiful breakfast, which was highly appre- 
ciated by men who had lived so long on " soldiers' fare," the 
battahon, with the same escort, paraded on Main Street, 
" cheered by hurrahs, waving of handkerchiefs, and clapping 
of hands, by the numberless flags and patriotic demonstra- 
tions displayed everywhere as they marched up and down the 
dear old elm-shaded streets of home." The ladies did their 
part in giving the soldiers a welcome with characteristic 
spirit and taste. The quantity of " bouquets borne on the 
muzzles of the rifles, or stuck on the sabre-bayonets, 
indicated an exhaustive clipping of flowers." 

At length the procession halted on the Common, and the 
battalion was drawn up near the speaker's stand. General 
Hobbs, chairman of the committee of arrangements, intro- 
duced his Honor, Mayor Davis, who, in the name of the 
city, welcomed the soldiers to their homes. His remarks 
were loudly applauded. The acting major, Captain Sprague, 
expressed, in behalf of his comrades, the great joy they felt 
at being so warmly received. He called to mind the feeling 
so generally shared by the volunteers and their friends left 
behind at the departure of the battalion, last April, that 
many of the volunteers were devoted to death. But there 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 75 

was no shrinking when the country was in peril. Though 
they had not been called on to the battle-field they had 
labored none the less heartily, sincerely, and earnestly, in 
the work that had been assigned to them. He gracefully 
closed his remarks, by expressing his regrets that the major, 
now colonel, of the Fifteenth Regiment of volunteers was not 
present, and read the following letter from him. 

'•Worcester, August 2, 1861. 

Dear Captain : — I waited all day yesterday for the battalion, and 
to-day until the last moment, but a message from the commander-in-chief 
has made it my imperative duty to go to Boston. 

I hoped to have entered Worcester with them, and enjoyed with them 
the generous welcome which its citizens will lavish on those who sprang 
to arms at the first call of the country ; but I would willingly have fore- 
gone this if I might have been ready first to welcome them in person, 
although it had been only to say in a moment after, ' Farewell.' As it 
cannot be so, say for me : — 

Officers and Soldiers of the Third Battalion : — The duty 
which you undertook to do has been faithfully performed, and you return 
to receive the well-earned congratulations of your fellow citizens. You 
were of those who saved the capital of the nation from plunder at the 
opening of this conflict, and whatever honors may be gained by other 
troops, this will always rightfully belong to the three months' men. 

As your commander during nearly the whole period of your service, I 
can say to you most truly, that you have been to me all that an officer 
could ask of soldiers ; that duties have been done, not grudgingly, but 
with strong, earnest and willing hearts ; that hardships have been cheer- 
fully and manfully borne. Believe me, if I have in any respect failed 
towards you, it has been from no want of effort or desire on my part to do 
all that lay in my power. 

Comrades ! the time for us to part has come. The militia of Massa- 
chusetts, with their associates, have held back the tide of rebellion until 
the volunteer troops are organized. In their ranks some of you will find, 
perhaps, your places, and while you will find better officers there than I 
have ever been, you will find no one who has a deeper regard for your 
honor and your welfare, than 

Your old commander and friend, 

Charles Devens, Jr. 

To Captain A. B. R. Sprague. 

After their dismissal, the City Guards, (Co. A) and the 
Emmet Guards, (Co. C) were warmly welcomed at their re- 



^6 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

spective armories, and in due time, the Holden Rifles, (Co. 
B) had a hearty reception in Holden. Co. D, of Boston, Cap- 
tain Dodd, was escorted to the station, and loudly cheered as 
they left for home. The next morning, the battalion was 
mustered out of service by Captain Goodhue of the United- 
States army. Forty members of the City Guards immedi- 
ately re-enlisted for the war. Fourteen of these received com- 
missions ; nineteen became non-commissioned officers, two 
were musicians, and five privates. Others enteredthe service 
again in the course of the war. 

The following remarks from the Spy, apply equally well to 
the Light Infantry and the Battalion, and are inserted here 
because they express not only the feelings of the hour, but 
the mature verdict of history. 

" The service done the republic by the Massachusetts troops, is of the 
very first importance. They and some others that followed them, saved 
the capital, and baffled the purpose of the conspirators to seize Washing- 
ton and overrun Maryland. The Sixth Regiment, (to which the Worcester 
Light Infantry belonged,) was the first body of armed men that reached 
Washington after the bombardment of Fort Sumter. We all remem- 
ber at what short notice the Light Infantry left for Washington. They 
went instantly on being notified, without many things necessary to troops 
in actual service, but with arms in their hands, and ready for any hard 
fighting that might be necessary in defense of the government. In simi- 
lar haste, and in the same spirit went the Rifle Battalion, which aided to 
hold Annapolis, and keep open the new route to Washington, and then by 
means of a vast amount of labor put Fort McHenry in fighting condition, 
and compelled Baltimore and its infernal mob to keep the peace 
and remain loyal. All these men left home expecting a desperate fight 
with the secessionists. We know how strongly they felt this, and how 
deliberately and earnestly they resolved to make the fight a bloody one 
for any band of confederate traitors they might encounter. . . . 

It does not lessen either the bravery of our men, or the greatness of the 
service they rendered, that they did not participate in any regular battle. 
They won the expected battle by their promptness and energy, without 
fighting it. Washington was saved, the secession rising in Maryland was 
prevented, the Baltimore conspirators were baffled, a new route to Wash- 
ington was opened and held open, and the war of treason was not allowed 
to come across the Potomac. The troops that secured such results, de- 
serve the honor and thanks of the whole country, and foremost among 
them were our Sixth and Eighth Regiments, and the Worcester Rifle Bat- 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLES. 77 

talion. No better troops than these went to the rescue of the govern- 
ment, none have served with a better spirit or to a better purpose, and let 
them have the credit which is their due." 

The report of the Surgeon in relation to the services as 
well as the health of the battalion, will give a fitting termina- 
tion to this chapter. 

" The Third BattaHon of Rifles of the Massachusetts volunteer militia, 
after stopping at Annapolis till the road to Washington was opened, 
landed at Fort McHenry on a cold, rainy, snowy morning, the thirtieth of 
May. The privates had to make a floor out of wet boards to cover the 
brick barn floor, on which to sleep that night. 

The fort was under the command of Major Morris, a tough, efficient, 
but not the most sensitive of officers, who had spent much of his life under 
the hardening influence of a frontier life in Minnesota. The hospital 
and garrison were under the medical care of a highly educated, gentle- 
manly physician, who had been ordered to this place by the government, 
and who arrived the same day of our battalion. This physician did much 
to mitigate the severity of the discipline of this hardy, well-meaning old 
soldier, who saw clearly the necessity of mounting those guns, but could 
hardly be expected to understand how dangerous to the health it would 
be to put the young men from lawyers' offices, banking-houses, counting- 
rooms, stores, and mechanics' shops, so early in their military lives, on 
the same number of hours of fatigue-duty as were given to soldiers old in 
the regular service. 

These patriotic young men worked with a will and a vigor that pleased 
and surprised the old veteran. He said that he did not believe the same 
amount of work had been done in the same length of time by any equal 
number of men, as had been done by this battaUion, in the whole federal 
army. 

But this tremendous tax on their unused strength began soon to tell 
on their health, so that while we find up to May 17, only eight or nine 
sick in hospital and in quarters, by May 31 the list was swollen to thirty, 
and by June 26 the figures had increased to the incredible number of 
forty-eight, and so continued for several days. One man out of every six 
m.en was sick. Although the quarters were thoroughly cleaned, we find 
no diminution of disease till the excessive fatigue-duty was closed. 

From May 10 to June i, we find on the sick report, fourteen cases 
reported of bad colds, twelve debility, seventeen diarrhea, ten neuralgia, 
five rheumatism, one typhoid fever, fifty-five of all other diseases ; total 
one hundred and fourteen in May. 

From June l to July l, six cases bad colds, nine debility, sixty diarrhea, 
sixty-five typhoid fever, twelve neuralgia, nine rheumatism, forty-three of 
all other diseases. Total in June, two hundred and four. 



78 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

From July i to July 31, eighty-one cases diarrhea, three dysentery, 
thirty-one typhoid fever, four rheumatism, six debility, one inflammation of 
the tonsils, sixty-three of all other diseases. Total in July, one hundred 
and fifty-nine, making in all four hundred and forty-seven cases of dis- 
ease prescribed for in less than three months, from a force of but a trifle 
over three hundred men. In three months we find put down among the 
diseases ninety-seven cases of typhoid fever. Two of these died ; one 
from bleeding from the bowels in a constitution so broken down from dis- 
ease that the blood would not coagulate, and of course could not be 
stopped ; the other from uncontrollable diarrhea. 

We find also twenty-seven cases of debility from fatigue, that only 
wanted time to cure, and many others whose development it was neces- 
sary to await before any scientific treatment could be adopted. As treat- 
ment and medicine cost nothing to the sick, it would not be strange that 
inexperienced young men should desire more than was for their good. 

On our arrival the wells were stagnant for want of use. The fort is en- 
closed on three sides by water, containing the wash and filth of the city of 
over 200,000 inhabitants. The militia have not been called out since 
1812, and much confusion and difficulty arose from there being a com- 
mander and surgeon of the fort, who took precedence of those of the bat- 
talion. The surgeon of the third battalion had no rights while within the 
garrison, save those conceded him by courtesy, which limited his powers 
and his responsibility, and many things occurred, unavoidably, that he 
would have wished differently. 

But the curse of military life is whiskey — not poor whiskey, or poi- 
soned whiskey, — but alcohol in some form. And it kills more than rifles, 
cannon or rebels. The regiment that would prohibit it, both among 
its officers and its men, would save a vast amount of annoyance and 
disease. 

O. Martin, Siii-geon, 
Third Battalion Rifles, M. V. M. 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 79 



CHAPTER V. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE FIFTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST AND 
TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENTS. 

In this chapter the organization of three regiments, which 
held a pecuHar relation to the city of Worcester, and which 
became renowned in the course of the war, will be given as 
briefly as the demands of history will permit. At the same 
time, incidents which either revealed the state of the public 
mind, or which had a tendency to promote a patriotic spirit, 
will find their appropriate place. It will be borne in mind, by 
the reader, that while these regiments were preparing for ser- 
vice, stirring events of great magnitude were occurring in 
other parts of the country, which constantly acted upon the 
citizens and soldiery here, and served to keep up an awakened 
attention to the welfare of the republic. Nor should it be 
forgotten that whatever might be the utterances of the gov- 
ernment on the subject of slavery, the general sentiment here 
was in favor of abolition, and men offered themselves as sol- 
diers in the hope and purpose of being efficient in the over- 
throw of that wicked and unchristian system. 

The course of the Hon. Stephen A. Douglass, in support 
of the government, after the outbreak of the rebellion, had no 
slight influence in bringing the great party of which he was 
one of the chief leaders, to take an active part in raising 
troops and carrying on the war to its triumphant close. His 
sudden death, hastened, perhaps, by the outbreak of hostilities, 
made him the object of admiration and eulogy with all who 
valued country above party. His funeral was a kind of 
national ovation, in which the people of Worcester partici- 
pated. On the seventh of June, the day of his burial in Chi- 



8o WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

• 

cago, there were due observances here. Between the hours of 
ten and eleven a. m., the bells were tolled, flags were dis- 
played at half-mast, business was suspended, and the stores 
on Main Street were generally closed. 

The first camp in Worcester was on the Brooks farm about 
two miles from the city hall, and near South Worcester. On 
the fourth of June the necessary surveys were made at the 
camp ground, by Engineer Davis, of General Ward's staff. 
Various articles ordered by the quarter-master, Church Howe, 
arrived, and were stored in the building just completed. The 
camp was named in honor of General Scott. On the twenty- 
eighth, the companies of the Fifteenth Regiment took posses- 
sion of the camp. The members of Co. D, of Worcester, 
(Captain A. H. Foster,) had kindly set up the tents for the 
encampment in the morning, and the white canvass greeted 
the companies as they came upon the ground. They mus- 
tered eiirht hundred and one men.* 



* The following document, Order No. i, will be read with increasing interest in after times. It 
finds insertion here, because its rules, with suitable variations, were observed in raising subsequent 
regiments at Camps Scott and Lincoln. 

Head Quarters Camp Scott, 
Worcester, June 28, 1S61. 
Order No. i. , 

The selection of the above name for this camp has been determined by a just appreciation 
of the distinguished merit of one who has for more than half a century been identified with the 
military of our country. 

It is taken for granted that officers are neither ignorant of the first principles of military duty, nor 
destitute of ordinary judgment. A brief synopsis merely is here given of some important rules and 
regulations. These are to be regarded as a part of this order, and all officers are hereby enjoined 
to enforce a strict compliance with them. 

Officers are presumed to have already gained some theoretical acquaintance witli both their rights 
and their duties, as their position demands, and they are hereby reminded that they are expected 
not only to discharge with fidelity the latter, but to maintain with firmness and dignity the former. 
This order will be duly promulgated and copies distributed. By command of, 

Brigadier-General George H. Ward. 
George H. Spaulding, Brigadier-Inspector pro tern. 

Hours for Daily Duties. 
Reveille at five o'clock, a.m. — signal for the men to rise, when the quarters will be cleaned up, and 
everything put in proper condition. 
Peas upon a Trencher TiX. seven o'clock, A.M. — signal for breakfast. 
Dtess Parade at eight o'clock, a.m. — guard mounting immediately after. 
Roast Bec/aX twelve o'clock, M. — signal for dinner. 

Retreat at six o'clock, p.m., at which time the officers will be named for duty, and each first ser- 
geant will detail the men of his company for the guard of the ensuing day. There will be a dress 
parade at retreat. 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 8 1 

The last day of June was Sunday, and the Sabbath was not 
forgotten by the regiment at Camp Scott. All was quiet and 
orderly inside the lines, and visitors conducted themselves with 
propriety. Divine services were conducted at six a.m., by 
Rev. Dr. Hill. The whole regiment began the exercise by 
singing " Old Hundred." The address by Dr. Hill was ani- 
mated and impressive, charging the soldiers to uphold the na- 
tional flag as became patriots and men fearing God. Prayer, 
and the hymn, " America," closed the services. There was 
no general attendance of visitors within the lines, General 
Ward not wishing to have Sunday a visiting day. Religious 
services were held every Sunday while the regiment remained 
in camp. The settled ministers of the city were called upon, 
and were always ready to engage in the work. On several 
occasions the members of the regiment, in large numbers, 
held prayer and conference meetings, when officers and men 
made remarks, offered prayer, and joined in singing familiar 
hymns. The clergymen who, at various times, assisted the 
regiment in their devotions, were Rev. Drs. Hill, and Sweetser, 
and Rev. Messrs. Richardson, James, and Wayland, and John 
B. Gough. These services were generally held early in the 
morning ; the mid-day drills were dispensed with, and the 
less formal devotional meetings were attended at conven- 
ient hours. There was a large religious element in the regi- 
ment, and its influence was felt in preserving good order. 



Tattoo at ten o'clock, p.m. — signal for the soldiers to repair to their tents, where they must re- 
main till reveille next morning. 

Taps at half-past ten o'clock, p.m. — signal to extinguish lights. 

Roll Calls. 

There will be three roll calls daily, the first immediately after reveille, the second immediately be- 
fore retreat and the third immediately after tattoo. 

All officers in uniform may pass the chain of sentinels between reveille and retreat. 

No officer shall, on any account, sleep out of camp without permission from the commander of 
the camp. 

No officer or soldier shall be absent from any duty whatever without permission firom the com- 
manding officer. 

No non-commissioned officer, musician, or soldier, shall quit camp without a wrritten pass, signed 
by his captain, and approved by the commanding officer. 

All persons, of whatever rank, are required to observe the greatest respect towards sentinels, and 
no officer or other person shall make use of any disrespectful language or gesture to a sentinel at 
his post. 

6 



82 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The sermons, addresses, prayers and music, were uniformly 
earnest, appropriate and devout. 

The daily routine at Camp Scott was in the following or- 
der. The day began with company drill from six to seven ; 
dress parade at eight ; then guard mounting ; company drill 
again from ten and a half to twelve ; also from two to three 
P.M. ; at four the regimental line was formed, and battalion 
drill followed till five and a half ; dress parade at six and a 
half Meals at seven a.m., twelve m.; and six p.m. 

Each company had its stove, and members were detailed to 
cook the messes. Men might be seen cooking soup, boiling 
rice, slicing potatoes, freshening salt beef, and steaming away 
over the stoves. All the famous hotels in the country were 
there, as the " Fifth Avenue Hotel," " Union House," " Na- 
tional Hotel." In General Ward's tent, bouquets, and boxes 
of strawberries, the gifts of hospitable ladies, often showed 
that camp life has its sunny side. 

On the second of July company D received from Henry O. 
Clark, Esq., fifty-one baskets of strawberries to be distributed 
among officers and men. Colonel Charles S. Childs presented 
them with lumber for building a kitchen. 

There was no general celebration of the Fourth of July in 
the city or the camp, but the feelings of the people found ex- 
pression in a manner both unique and pleasant. Bonfires were 
the " order of the day " in different sections of the state. In 
the evening there was a large bonfire on Chandler Hill. The 
blaze on old Wachusett was seen at a great distance, and 
from its summit more than sixty bonfires were seen, reaching 
from the Blue Hills of Milton to Mount Tom. As usual on 
the fourth, bells were rung, flags were displayed, and fire- 
works illuminated the evenins; skv. 

The soldiers adorned many of the tents and streets in the 
camp with evergreen. 

]\Iajor Devens returned home on the twelfth, on a short 
leave of absence. The citizens called on him, and in answer 
to their urgent calls, he made a brief and patriotic speech. 
The command of the regiment had been offered to him, by 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 83 

the governor, on the first of the month. He was then sta- 
tioned at Fort McHenry, with the Third BattaHon, and the 
arduous duties devolving upon him at that time induced him 
to defer the acceptance of the offer. Governor Andrew and 
staff visited Camp Scott, and Captain Marshall of the 
United-States army administered the oath, all but eight 
swearing to serve their country faithfully in the field. 

On the twenty-fifth, measures were taken by the benevo- 
lent for the regular distribution of reading matter among the 
soldiers at Camps Scott and Lincoln. Major Devens accepted 
the position offered him, this day, and on the twenty-sixth 
was duly qualified as Colonel of the " Fifteenth Regiment 
Massachusetts Volunteers," and assumed command. At the 
same time, General George H. Ward was qualified as Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel. Captain John W. Kimball of Fitchburg, was 
commissioned as Major. 

The departure of this regiment was hastened by the 
exigencies of the public service. The first intention was to 
retain it in camp a month longer, that the soldiers might be 
perfected in drill, but the battle of Bull Run induced the gov- 
ernment to hurry all the troops which were in readiness, to 
the seat of war. Preparations were therefore made for 
departure. On the seventh of August a beautiful flag was 
presented to the regiment, by the ladies of the city. The 
presentation speech was made by the Hon. George F. Hoar. 
The ceremony took place in City Hall, the rainy weather 
making it necessary to be under cover. The field and staff 
officers of the regiment, and the commissioned officers of the 
several companies were present, accompanied by the regi- 
mental band. They were escorted to the hall by the officers 
of the Twenty-first Regiment, and were welcomed there by 
the ladies through whose patriotic exertions the banner had 
been secured. Mayor Davis presided, and Rev. Dr. Hill 
offered a fervent prayer that those to whom the flag was 
entrusted, might never tire in the good work, until it should 
wave over all places in our land, the symbol of liberty, union, 
and peace. 



84 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

Mr. Hoar then came forward with the splendid gift in his 
hand, and in behalf of the ladies gave the flag into the charge 
of Colonel Devens with these words : — 

" Colonel and Officers of the Fifteenth Regiment : — I am 
deputed by the ladies of Worcester to present to you this banner. Eighty- 
four years ago to-day there was mustering in these streets, the first regi- 
ment ever raised in Worcester county for actual warfare, the Fifteenth Regi- 
ment of the Massachusetts line. What hard fought fields at Monmouth and 
at Trenton, what sufferings at Valley Forge, what glory and victory at 
Saratoga and Yorktown, have made that name famous, history has re- 
corded. And now that, for the second time, Worcester county sends out 
to battle a full regiment of her sons, by a coincidence too appropriate to 
be called accident, the name which your fathers rendered illustrious, has 
been allotted to you. What they won for us, it is yours to preserve 
for us. 

The ladies of Worcester desire to testify, that while you strive to emu- 
late the courage and self-devotion of your fathers, they still cherish the 
sentiments which animated the mothers of the revolutionary times. 
Take this banner, as a token that there are those at home to whom the 
cause in which you are enlisted is precious. As you look upon its folds, 
blazoned with the dear emblems of the country, let it bring the thought 
of the mothers, sisters, wives, without whom country would be worthless. 
Amid the hardships and temptations of the camp, and the dangers of the 
battle-field, let it witness to you that there are those to whom your welfare 
is dear. Absent, but with most intense spiritual presence, wherever you 
go, whatever you may suffer or dare, they will be with )'ou. And when 
you return, your duty all well done, liberty re-established, law vindicated, 
peace restored, bring back with you this flag. Know that 

' There are bright eyes will mark 

Your coming, and grow brighter when you come.' 

If, when they next look upon it, they shall see those folds, now so beau- 
tiful and pure, blackened by smoke, or torn by shot and shell, it matters 
not if there is no rent in the Union of which it is the symbol, no stain on 
the honor of the sons of Worcester, to whom it is entrusted." 

When the speaker closed his remarks, the regimental band 
played " The Star-Spangled Banner," with fine effect. Col- 
onel Devens, on receiving the flag from Mr. Hoar, responded 
in substance as follows : — 

" Mr. Hoar : — I accept this beautiful banner, which you have pre- 
sented to the regiment under my command, in behalf of the ladies of 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 85 

Worcester. I lay hold of this emblem as the symbol of all that is glorious, 
which has been respected wherever it has floated on land and sea, and 
which I believe, from the bottom of my heart, shall yet be respected, 
wherever it may float, whether it be in the field or the fortress, or from 
the wave-rocked topmast. May God give me strength to perform fully 
the task this day undertaken, to aid in upbearing that standard, in the 
contest before us, that the fame of those who have gone before us, in 
defending our country from foes without and traitors within, be not 
dimmed. There is indeed, a remarkable coincidence, as you have so well 
said, in the name of the regiment which I have the honor to command, 
being numbered the same as that commanded during the revolutionary 
war, by Colonel Timothy Bigelow, over whose remains yonder proud 
monument was, three months ago, erected with such inspiring ceremo- 
nies.* It is indeed a most fortunate omen. I trust that some of the spirit 
which animated our ancestors, has descended upon the present sons of 
Worcester county, and that they will be able to render an equally good 
account of their labors. I know they stand ready to defend that flag, as 
much dearer than life, as honor is dearer ; that they will not ' suffer a 
single star to be obscured, or a single stripe erased ' from that glorious 
symbol of our national union. I am unable to predict as to our return ; 
yet this symbol shall be returned to the ladies of Worcester, untarnished. 
Defeat, disaster and death may come to us, but dishonor never. I know 
well, from three months' experience, how much the aid of ladies has con- 
tributed to the welfare of troops in the field, and we shall be doubly 
encouraged by them to do everything which can be done in the per- 
formance of our duty, cheered by their approving smiles upon our en- 
deavors." 

Mayor Davis, with appropriate words, thanked the regiment 
for their promptness in responding to the call of their coun- 
try, and trusted they would honor themselves as much as did 
those whom Colonel Bigelow led into the field in the " brave 
days of old." They might be assured of the sympathies and 
prayers of all loyal and patriotic men. He closed by invoking 
God's blessing on the departing soldiers. As the band led off 
in " Hail Columbia," the sergeant waved the flag from the 
platform, the ladies sprang to their feet and waved their hand- 
kerchiefs, while cheers loud and hearty, went up for the colors 
of the Fifteenth Regiment. 

* The elegant monument of Colonel Timothy Bigelow, of revolutionary fame, was set up on 
the common with fitting ceremonies, the week before the outbreak of the rebellion, and the services 
of the occasion aided in inspiring the public mind to meet the great crisis. 



86 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



The next day, the regiment numbering one thousand and 
forty-six men, officers and privates, left the city, about six 
o'clock, p. M., by the Norwich train, for the seat of war. The 
streets were lined with spectators, and fond eyes looked 
from the windows on the route, as they marched to the 
cars. Sad faces were seen among the near and dear friends 
of the soldiers ; but hearty cheers greeted them as they 
moved off from scenes which many of them would never be- 
hold again. Ball's Bluff, the Peninsula, and many other fields 
of strife, and suffering, and triumph were now before them. 
But we must not anticipate. 

Field and Staff of the Fifteenth Regiment. 



Colonel, 

Lieutenant- Colonel, 

Major, 

Adjutant, 

Quarter-master, 

Surgeon, 

Assistant Surgeoft, 

Chaplain, 

Sergeant-Major, 



Charles Devens, Jr., 
George H. Ward, 
J. W. Kimball, 
George A. Hicks, 
Church Howe, 
Joseph N. Bates, 
S. Foster Haven, Jr., 
William G. Scandlin, 
Francis A. Walker, 



Quarter-master Sergeant, William R. Steele, 
Cominissary Sergeant, William G. Waters, 
Band Master, N. P. Goddard, 

Hospital Steward, Henry Bearing. 

Line Officers. 

Co. A, Leominster. 
Captain, George W. Rockwood, 
Lieuts., Leonard Wood, 

Frank W. Polley. 

Co. B, Fitchburg. 
Captain, Clark B. Simonds, 
Lieuts., J. Myron Goddard, 

Charles H. Eager. 

Co. C, Clinton. 
Captain, Henry Bowman, 
Lieuts., Andrew L. Fuller, 

James N. Johnson. 

Co. D, Worcester. 

Captain, John M. Studley, 
Lieuts., Edwin P. Woodward, 
John William Grout. 



Worcester. 

)) 
Fitchburg. 
Boston. 
Worcester. 
Worcester. 

Grafton. 

North Brookfield. 

Worcester. 

CHnton. 

Worcester. 



Co. E, Oxford. 
Captaiji, Charles H. Watson, 
Lieuts., Nathan Bartholomew, 
Bernard V. Vassal. 

Co. F, Brookfield. 
Captain, Sardus S. Sloan, 
Lieuts., Jeremiah E. Green, 

Lyman H. Ellingwood. 

Co. G, Grafton. 
Captain, Walter Forehand, 
Lieuts., Newell K. Holden, 

Stephen L. Kearney. 

Co. H, Northbridge. 
Captain, Charles Philbrick, 
Lieuts., Henry S. Taft, 

Richard Derby. 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. %>] 

Co. I, Webster. Co. K, Blackstone. 

Captain, George C. Joslin, Captain, Moses W. Getchell, 

Lieuts., Amos Bartlett, Lieuts., Edwin B. Staples, 
Frank S. Corbin. Melvin Howland. 

Camp Lincoln now demands our attention, where the 
Twenty-first Regiment was preparing for service in the field. 
This camp was formed on the grounds of the Agricultural 
Society, on the nineteenth of July, when six companies oc- 
cupied it. It was composed mainly of Worcester-county 
men though there was a considerable number from the more 
western counties. Major-General Augustus Morse, of the 
Third Division Massachusetts Militia, was appointed colonel, 
and had command of the camp. In giving name to Camp 
Lincoln, he used the following language : — 

" In honor of the president of the United States, the dis- 
tinguished historical position of the name of Lincoln, and 
especially in honor of our venerable patriot and worthy fel- 
low-citizen, ex-Governor Lincoln, this camp has been desig- 
nated Camp Lincoln." 

Mr. Lincoln responded in a patriotic letter, extracts from 
which are here cited, as a part of the history of the times. 

"Worcester, July 22, iS6l 
General : — I cannot fail to receive with the deepest and most 
grateful emotions, your communication of the honor conferred upon me 
in the designation of the encampment of the Twenty-first Regiment of 
Massachusetts Volunteers, under your command, by expressly associat- 
ing the remembrance of me with the historical position of the name 
which it is my privilege to bear, and with his who at the head of the na- 
tion in this most perilous crisis of its destiny, by his consummate wisdom, 
heroic firmness and constancy, and devoted patriotism in purpose and 
action, has made that name eminently and forever illustrious. 

With no personal pretensions to this most flattering notice, I yet 
may be permitted, I trust, without indelicacy, to claim that my family 
has not been without its representative servant in all the most eventful 
periods of our country's history. 

Two brothers of my father were in tlie army of the Revolution. A 
brother of my own was in the service of the state, in command of a com- 
pany, in the war of i8i3 with Great Britain. A son fell in the battle of 
Buena Vista, in Mexico. A grandson is at this time enrolled with the 



55 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

rank and file of tlie noble Sixth Massachusetts Volunteers of Baltimore 
celebrity. Thus the blood of four successive generations binds me in 
sympathy with the brave defenders of the republic ; and the earnest, 
fervent prayer of my last declining years is, that those on whom will 
devolve the great duty of upholding the integrity of the Union, and of 
preserving and transmitting the institutions of free constitutional govern- 
ment, with all the countless and inappreciably precious blessings of 
liberty, protection, and social order, which only such a government can 
secure, may be faithful and competent to their high responsibility, and 
gloriously triumphant in this mortal struggle for national existence." 

/ On the twenty-sixth, the Ashburnham company, Captain 
Walker, were presented with a fine set of linen havelocks by 
the ladies of Worcester. These articles of " head-gear " were 
soon discarded by our soldiers, as not suited to their habits, 
but they were supposed, at the time, to be as well adapted to 
our forces, as to those Indian sepoys under the command of 
the good and brave general after whose name they were 
called. 

The pulpit was active in giving tone to public sentiment. 
On Sunday, the twenty-eighth. Rev. Mr. Richardson delivered 
a discourse in Salem-Street Church, founded on Eccl. 9:11. 
The idea of the sermon was, that God always helps those who 
help themselves in obedience to his laws. God works 
through forces which he has ordained ; therefore we should 
put forth our strength in his cause, and expect his blessing. 
On the evening of the same day, at six o'clock, directly after 
dress parade he held religious services with the Twenty-first 
Regiment. The regiment formed a square, and were sur- 
rounded by a large collection of citizens who came in from all 
parts of the city. Says the Palladium, " Mr. Richardson 
readily gained the attention of his large audience, all of whom 
seemed to enter into and partake of the patriotic sentiments 
which flowed from the lips of the speaker in rich tones of feel- 
ing, tending to inspire the soldiers with fortitude and courage, 
and at the same time, admonish them of the magnitude of their 
undertaking, and the ' price it costs.' He spoke many kind 
words to the soldiers, beseeching them to avoid temptation to 
evil habits, to train their minds to duty, and when the proper 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 



09 



time comes, *to do it with a will,' as becometh men doing bat- 
tle for the right." 

The next Sabbath evening, similar exercises were con- 
ducted by Rev. Mr. Hager, of All Saints Church, who mani- 
fested on many occasions, a deep interest in the welfare of the 
soldiers. His choir assisted in the devotional exercises. At 
subsequent times, meetings were held by Rev. Mr. Ricliard- 
son, and others. 

The Templeton company received over a hundred havelocks 
at the hands of Mr. George F. Miller, of Royalston, acting 
in behalf of two ladies' societies in that town, of which Mrs. 
E. W. Bullard and Miss Lizzie Chase were presidents. 

The regiment was visited by friends from all the towns 
which furnished companies, and received many marks of kind- 
ness from home friends, as well as from the citizens of Wor- 
cester. The day of their departure, August 23, was crowded 
with very interesting incidents of a public and private na- 
ture. The preparations were watched with deep inter- 
est, by a very large gathering of the friends of the regiment, 
who thronged the streets, and gave expression of their pride 
in its discipline and spirit, till the cars bore them away. Be- 
fore leaving the camp ground, a beautiful flag, the gift of the 
ladies of Worcester, was presented in the presence of an im- 
mense assemblage. The speaker's stand was placed in the 
center of the field, and the regiment was formed into line on 
the north side. At three o'clock. Major Clark announced the 
order of exercises, and Charles S. Davis, Esq., in behalf of 
the committee of arrangements, introduced Rev. Merrill 
Richardson, who addressed the throne of grace in a fervent 
and appropriate manner, "praying that the brave soldiers be- 
fore him, now about to enter the field of strife, might be ena- 
bled to take that banner, and carry it forward from conque°' 
to conquest, as the symbol of our freedom and unity, until L 
shall float over every spot in this broad land from which it 
has ever waved ; that speedily and effectually the present re- 
bellion might be stayed, and once more this great people 
be united and harmonious in the prosecution of those benefi- 



90 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

cent enterprises of peace for which our country has stood be- 
fore the world the unexampled model ; that she might be once 
more and forever as of old, in truth, ' the home of the free and 
the asylum of the oppressed,' and the medium of blessings to 
all the earth." 

After music by the regimental band, Hon. Alexander H. 
Bullock presented the flag, which was unrolled amid the loud- 
est demonstrations of applause. The following are extracts 
from the presentation speech, which was often and enthusias- 
tically cheered in the course of its delivery. 

" Colonel Morse, Officers and Soldiers of the Twenty- 
first : — I have been requested by the patriotic ladies of Worcester, to 
present from their hands to yours these regimental colors. Summoned 
to the field sooner than you or we had expected, in the haste of your 
departure it is only fit that I should detain you long enough to commit 
to your keeping this proof of the interest which this city of your first en- 
campment cherishes in your welfare, and of the devotion of her heart of 
hearts to the cause which your arms defend. You will receive it with the 
assurance that from our firesides and domestic altars, patriotism, piety, 
the aspirations of all that is fair, and co-operation of all that is manly, will 
follow you to the field. 

You march amid grand and solemn events. Our government, our 
capital, the flag of our renown, our unity, our existence, is in perij!. The 
fountains of the great deep are broken up ; we are in civil war. But let 
no one suppose, therefore, that our heritage is passing away. The tides 
of history are not to be turned back. Though rebellion, blazing rebellion, 
rears its banner from the capes of Virginia, round the gulf and midway 
up the valley, the people are making a life struggle for their national 
unity, and they can and they will preserve it. We are not to lose our 
national identity. We shall still continue to date from George Washing- 
ton, and his achievements, and his glory. We are not yet transferring 
the dust of two generations of free and united America to its grave, and 
closing the annals. The bell of time is indeed striking an epoch, but we 
do not believe that it is opening before us another which is unknown and 
undiscernible. There is a thread of providence, of history, of civilization, 
which connects the America that is past to the America that is to come. 
American constitutional government is a conviction, an idea, a principle, 
that is imperishable, for it rests on the hearts of its people. It may for a 
time be destroyed, but from momentary disaster or dishonor it will rise 
with redoubled majesty for its more certain vindication. . . . 

Mr. Commander, men of f'ranklin and Berkshire and Hampden and 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 9I 

Worcester, I invoke you to contemplate the position of the proud Com- 
monwealth you represent. Such has been her response to the crisis 
which is upon us, that everywhere the unsubstantial cloud has been lifted 
from her name, and she has risen as by enchantment to the applause of 
states. The muse of history has with a new title assigned the nineteenth 
of April, among the holy days of her calendar. The genius of her people 
re-opened the highway to the capital. The gallantry of her sons will ever 
be repeated at the gates of Baltimore, never again to be closed, because 
OUR DEAD speak trumpet-tongued to the ear and the heart of the nation. 
Massachusetts in her age is re-treading the pathways of her youth. . . . 
Wherever you shall go in this sublime service, where ' the bloody sign of 
battle is hung out,' there you will find your dear old Massachusetts prom- 
ising you her guardian angel care, only beseeching you in your life, and if 
need be in your death, to honor this historic symbol. 

Let those colors be now unfurled. We swear by them, — in the pres- 
ence of each other, before men and angels, we renew our allegiance to 
The Flag of our Union. Let others bestow their complacent gaze 
upon only half a flag, with a few lost stars ; we desire to breathe our last 
sigh under these azure folds, with not a star or a stripe erased. Let trai- 
tors do battle as they may, with the bayonet leaves of the palmetto float- 
ing over them, and in fellowship with the resonant sound of the rattle- 
snake ; it is worth all of life to you to march only under the old national 
ensign, and to die, if it so please Providence, amid the cadence of the na- 
tional anthem. 

Men of the Twenty-first ! the banner is yours. Reverence it in the 
hour of security ; honor it in the clustering battle ! And it is the 
prayer of your friends from whose hands the gift has come to you, that 
Almighty God will preserve your lives, and restore you to Massachusetts 
and to those you love." 

Colonel Morse received the flag, and expressed the grati- 
tude of the regiment to the fair donors. The flag would be 
cherished as a token of love, and the givers would ever be re- 
membered as noblest and dearest friends. " This flag," the 
colonel continued, " which we have loved and nurtured, which 
has protected us on land and sea, and will ever protect us, 
God willing, all the days of our lives, shall be the herald of our 
charge upon traitors, and be held up to inspire us to fight the 
battles of our country, in defense of its glorious institutions." 

The band then struck up " The Star-Spangled Banner," as 
the flag was waved before the audience, amid the most deaf- 
ening plaudits. A little after four o'clock, p.m., the regiment, 



92 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



about one thousand strong, preceded by the regimental band, 
marched through several streets, to the Common, where they 
took the cars. With hand-shakings and kisses, with earnest 
words of kindness, and with cheers, they took their leave, at 
six o'clock, and were soon hurrying on their way, the prayers 
of many ascending to Heaven in their behalf. 

The following is a complete roster of the regiment, includ- 
ing all the field and staff officers, and the commissioned 
officers of the several companies, at the time of entering 
service. 



Field and Staff of the Twenty-first 



Colonel^ 

Lieutenant- Colonel, 

Major, 

Adjuta7it, * 

Surgeon, 

Assistant Surgeoit, f 

Chaplain, 

Quarter-master, 

Quarter-master Sergeant, 

Cojnmissary Sergeant, 

Sergeant-Major, 

Hospital Steward, 

Band Master, 



Co. A, Templeton. 
Captain, George P. Hawkes, 
Lieuts., Charles W. Davis, 

John Brooks, Jr. 

Co. B, Springfield. 
Captain, Charles F. Walcott, 
Lieuts., Wells Willard, 

James W. Hopkins. 

Co. C, Spencer. 
Captain, James M. Richardson, 
Lieuts., William T. Harlow, 

Ira J. Kelton. 

Co. D, Fitchburg. 
Captain, Theodore S. Foster, 
Lieuts., Charles Barker, 

Ebenezer T. Heywood. 



Augustus Morse, 

Albert C. Maggi, 

William S. Clark, 

Theron E. Hall, 

Calvin Cutter, 

Orrin Warren, 

George S. Ball, 

George F. Thompson, 

Harrison A. Royce, 

Harrison A. Morse, 

W. Henry Valentine, 

James W. Green, 

Warren B. Johnson, 

Line Officers. 

Co. E, West Boylston. 
Captain, Pelham Bradford, 
Lieuts., Solomon Hovey, Jr., 

Woodbury Whittemore. 

Co. F, Worcester. 
Captain, B. Frank Rogers, 
Lieuts., Charles K. Stoddard, 

Samuel O. Laforrest. 

Co. G, Ashburuham. 



Regiment. 
Leominster. 
New Bedford. 
Amherst. 
Holden. 
Warren, 
West Newbury. 
Upton. 
Worcester. 
Newton. 
Leominster. 
Worcester. 
Fitchburg. 
Webster. 



Captain, Addison A. Walker, 
Lieuts., Alonzo P. Davis, 
Samuel O. Taylor. 

Co. H, Belchertown. 
Captain, Joseph P. Rice, 
Lieuts., John D. Frazer, 

Solomon C. Shumway. 



* Harrison W. Pratt, (temporary.) 



t J. Marcus Rice, (temporary.) 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 93 

Co. I, Pittsfield. Co. K, Barre. 

CaptatJt, Henry H. Richardson, Captain, Thomas S. Washburn, 

Lieuts., Frazer A. Stearns, Lieuts., M. M. Parkhurst, 

J. W. Fletcher. John B. Williams. 

Before entering upon the organization of the Twenty-fifth 
Regiment, a few items having chronological connection with 
passing events, will be recorded. 

Early in August the Hon. Dexter F. Parker, who had been 
connected with the Light Infantry, received the appointment 
of brigade quarter-master in the regular army, with the rank 
of captain. 

On the thirteenth day of August, a company of youth 
formed under the name of Lincoln Guards, with D. M. Wood- 
ward for captain, met for practice in drill and the use of arms. 
By the kindness of Mr. Ethan Allen, they had the free use of 
fifty guns. 

The roll of the Worcester Zouaves, on the fifteenth of Au- 
gust, numbered seventy, comprising a fine looking body of 
young men. Captain, B. F. Rogers ; Lieutenant, F. T. Leach. 

Rev. George B. Cheever, D.D., of New York, who had re- 
cently returned from England, and was visiting in this city, 
gave a lecture, by invitation, in Mechanics Hall. He was in- 
troduced by Hon. William W. Rice, who made graceful and 
appropriate allusion to his labors in England in behalf of our 
country. The tenor of Dr. Cheever's earnest address was, that 
the sympathy of the British public could not be expected un- 
til the war power was applied to the abolition of slavery. 

About this time, Rev. Joseph C. Cromack, pastor of the 
Laurel Street Methodist Church, was commissioned as chap- 
lain, and subsequently became connected with the Twentieth 
Regiment, as successor of Rev. John Pierpont ; and George 
Upham, son of Deacon Joel W. Upham, was commissioned as 
master in the navy, and ordered to service on board the 
James Adger, at New York. Dr. O. Martin was promoted as 
brigade surgeon, and ordered to join Sherman's army. 

The Worcester County Regiment as it was sometimes 
called, or the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, was or- 



94 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

ganized * at Camp Lincoln in September and October, and 
left for the field on the last day of the latter month. An en- 
thusiastic war meeting was held in Mechanics Hall, on Sat- 
urday evening, the fourteenth, in aid of the formation of this 
regiment. Owing to various causes, among which was the 
demand for labor in establishments that were stimulated to 
unwonted activity by the war, there had been an apparent 
want of spirit in filling the ranks of the third regiment called 
for from this county. The meeting was designed to arouse 
public attention, and impress upon the young men the great 
duty of the hour. 

A vast throng of citizens attended the meeting, crowding 
every part of the hall. D. Waldo Lincoln, chairman of the 
committee of arrangements, called the meeting to order, and 
presented a list of officers for its organization. The mayor, 
Hon. Isaac Davis, was chosen president, with about fifty vice- 
presidents, among whom were Levi Lincoln, Charles Allen, 
Ichabod Washburn, and other gentlemen distinguished in all 
the walks of life. The mayor, on taking the chair, was cor- 
dially received, and in a brief speech, said : — 

" Fellow-Citizens : — We have assembled for no partisan or political 
purpose. We have assembled for a high and noble object, — to sustain 
the Constitution and the Union, by giving aid to the government to enable 
it to crush out this wicked rebellion arainst our dorious Union. Last 



* The Twenty-fifth Regiment was raised under an order allowing only about five and a half 
weeks' time, — a period unusually brief. Cut the work was done within the allotted time. 
The order was as follows : — 

Boston, September, 19 1861. 

A regiment may be raised in Worcester County, of which Edwin Upton is designated as colonel, 
and Augustus B. R. Sprague is designated as lieutenant-colonel. The persons herein indicated 
by Colonel Upton and Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague, may recruit companies, and be appointed to 
the places indicated against their names, if reported to the commander-in-chief by the colonel as 
competent on going into camp. 

Persons enlisting must sign an agreement to serve in sojne company, if their own is not filled up 
seasonably. Companies to be assigned to other regiments if theirs is not seasonably filled. 

As soon as fifteen are enlisted in a company, they may be rationed by the commissary-general. 

As soon as fifty men are enlisted in any one company, they are to go into camp and receive pay 
from that date. 

To the twenty-si.>:lh day of October is allowed each officer to raise a field company. 

The following are the persons authorized to recruit companies : — Josiah Pickett, Worcester, Cap- 
tain ; WiUard Clark,. Milford, Captain; Thomas O'Niel, Worcester, Captain; C. H. Foss, Fitch- 
burg, Captain ; James K. Young, Webster, Captain. 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 



95 



April we were called upon for troops to defend the capital, and I was 
rejoiced that Worcester turned out more than four hundred men ready to 
go at a moment's warning. It rejoiced my heart to see those brave men 
volunteer and march to defend the country. The Worcester Light Infan- 
try were the first to enter the capital, armed and equipped against the foe. 
Those noble men went and served their time with honor, and command 
the gratitude, respect and esteem of their fellow-citizens. It was a noble 
spectacle, and filled our hearts with joy, and if the mighty dead could have 
heard their martial tramp as they left the city, it would have been music to 
their ears. Our government now wants more men, and shall we not send 
our proportion to sustain the cause for which they pledged their lives and 
fortunes ? " 

The Hon. Henry Wilson, of Natick, was introduced, and 
was greeted with prolonged applause. His speech was brim- 
ful of sense and patriotism, and closed with an earnest appeal 
to the young men to place their names, without delay, upon 
the muster-roll of the regiment. 

Hon. A. H. Bullock was then presented to the audience, 
and delivered an address which was frequently interrupted by 
generous and enthusiastic plaudits. A few extracts are given 
because such utterances as these show the spirit that pre- 
vailed, and help us to bring the past before us with the vivid- 
ness of present experience. After a few words of introduc- 
tion, he continued as follows : — 

" The objects of the meeting appear to me half accomplished if we ap- 
prehend the magnitude of the national crisis. This presence is itself an 
illustration of the exigency which summons us. This attendance, these 
cheering countenances, we have seen here before, when the hall was 
lighted, and its arches echoed for political success and party victories. 
But THIS band and tie of unity, in which all hearts are as one, palpitating 
with a common hope, melted together with an intensity of patriotism that 
comes only from the baptism of blood, — this betokens another era and a 
new consecration. The contests, successes, defeats, and illuminations, of 
the past, are extinguished. The whole scene, all the thoughts and diver- 
sities of men, have been changed in an hour. The guns which were 
leveled at Fort Sumter, leveled all distinctions of party, and loyal men 
everywhere are brothers. We are struggling for national life. The na- 
tion itself is in arms to maintain its unity and government. Hitherto 
slumbering in our prosperity, we have at last been awakened by the shock 
of open rebellion, to contemplate the value of the government, and the 



96 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

necessity at all hazards and by every conceivable sacrifice, of rescuing it 
from the perils which threaten to engulf it. . . . 

If money is wanted it must be had. And let us make the beginning to- 
night by pledging our faith to the government, and our confidence in its 
securities. Some of our banks have already done largely and well, and I 
honor their managers for the action. But we have yet to bring this sub- 
ject to our own individual consciousness of duty. Every man or woman 
who has anything to spare, owes it to the country, this month and next, 
to place a portion of it at least in the public stocks. If the government is 
saved, these will be our best estate ; if the government is lost, these will 
be worth more than anything else, for we can bequeath them to our de- 
scendants as memorials of our fidelity. Every dollar invested for the 
government, will transcend in appreciation the annals of usury ; and even 
if it were lost, it would be riches to the losers, for it would be re-coined in 
the wealth and treasure of the heart. It behooves us all to spare some- 
thing, to save something, for the public securities. As somebody has 
said, it will prove the silver bullet which will penetrate the heart of re- 
bellion. 

And further than this, I have the confidence to say that if it be neces- 
sary that any money should be raised by the city of Worcester, in order 
to secure the speedy enlistment of the new regiment under Upton and 
Sprague, it must be had. If I could see this matter reduced to a pal- 
pable alternative trembling in the visible scales, — at one end of the beam 
the question of sending out in thirty days a new regiment from the city 
and county of Worcester, and at the other end the question of an addition 
of thousands of dollars to the debt and taxes of the city, — I would 
strike the balance this instant, and, as one citizen and one tax payer, 
say to you, bring on your tax bills, and send out the regi- 
ment. We have but just begun to drop the plummet to the depths of 
this question. It involves the issues of life and death. . . . 

And as lives are necessarj-, they too must be offered. The soldier un- 
derstands it. The feet of armies tread upon the margin of the dark valley 
of the shadow of death. And yet, such is the order of war, the experience 
of nations, the good and watchful providence of God brings most in safety 
away. Some must needs enter within the portals. But what is death at 
the post of duty, in defence of our country, — in the cause of liberty, — 
with'the flag of our country for a winding sheet, and the assurance of a 
nation's gratitude ? So slept the brave defender of Missouri — General 
Lyon — and awoke to immortal fame. So sleeps every true soldier who 
falls under the flag of his country. 

' There is a tear for all that die, 

A mourner o'er the humblest grave ; 
But NATIONS swell the funeral cry, 

And FREEDOM weeps above the brave.' " 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 97 

After referring to the Southern interpretation of the Con- 
stitution, which would make a loose league of states rather 
than a nation, he closed with these words : — 

" Let us, fellow-citizens, rather rally round tlie patriotic, and resolute, 
and incorruptible president, forgetful of all party lines which have hitherto 
divided us, remembering only that he is by the free choice of the American 
people, and in the hands of providence, the impersonation of the last 
hope of constitutional liberty in the centuries. Let us rather emblazon 
over our dwellings the counsel of the departed Douglass, —that no man 
can be a true democrat who is not loyal to the Union. Let us rather 
throw open our hearts to the inspiring admonitions of the noble and elo- 
quent Holt, and with our lives and our fortunes in our hands, exclaim to 
the president, —use them freely, use them boldly, but use them success- 
fully. Let us rather bestow our approving sympathies upon the enthusi- 
astic commander of the west, who is organizing her imperial army to bear 
the standard of the Union along the Father of Waters — with a proclama- 
tion floating from the eagle of every regiment, which will make it no fault 
of his, or of ours, or of the government, if every steamer from New Or- 
leans to Cairo shall be crowded with two-legged contrabands thick as 
bees in swarming time. Let us rather follow with our prayers and bene- 
dictions, those who have gone out from our own midst, counting not their 
own lives dear to them, if so be they may die under the stars and stripes, 
and leave a country and a government behind them. Let us rather in 
patriotic competition with other communities of Massachusetts, and with 
all possible dispatch, set about the enrollment of another regiment from 
the city and county of Worcester, who, under tlie gallant and popular 
officers designated by the governor, and generously mingling the currents 
of Celtic and Teutonic and Yankee blood, shall bear the honor of the 
government and the symbol of the Union to whatever field they may be 
ordered. Our cause is just, and time is fleeting. Make up the regiment." 

Lieutenant McCafiferty was introduced as a young man 
who in April, sprang to the post of duty, and was ready to go 
again. He made a stirring and patriotic speech, urging the 
young men to enlist without delay, and resumed his seat amid 
loud cheering. 

The influence of the meeting was felt immediately in the 
recruiting rooms, as some went from the hall to enroll their 
names. " The same patriotic spirit found expression in more 
than one of the pulpits of the city, and many an earnest 
prayer went up to heaven for the holy cause." During the 
succeeding fortnight the ranks were rapidly filled, by a fine 

7 



98 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

class of young men. The camp equipage for the regiment 
was received on the twenty-fifth, and a few tents were put 
up that evening. The Milford company arrived on the same 
day. Colonel Upton issued the first of his " General Orders " 
for the regulation of the camp. Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague 
was presented with a " magnificent sword," with belt, etc., 
by the members of Co. A, lately under his command. The 
sword was provided with two scabbards, one of metal for 
service, and a handsome gilt one for dress occasions. By 
the third of October the regiment numbered eight hundred 
men, and a " finer body of young fellows could hardly be 
found in the great army of the Union." Before the regiment 
left for active service, several presentations were made to vari- 
ous officers. Captain Denny, Lieutenant Merritt B. Bessey, 
Lieutenant Henry McConville, Lieutenant Friedrich Weigand 
Lieutenant Buffum, and Lieutenant G. S. Campbell, received 
a sword, belt and sash, each ; and some of them a revolver 
and other articles fit for use or ornament. Captain Wage- 
ley and Lieutenant Richter of the German company, ( G ) 
were favored with similar gifts, accompanied with appropriate 
addresses and responses. Nor was Major McCafferty for- 
gotten. Some of his friends presented him with a horse, 
horse-equipments, and revolvers. Rev. J. J. Power made the 
speech of presentation, replete with sentiments of personal 
esteem, and of devotion to the cause. The reply was charac- 
teristic of the gallant major. He also received, from the 
members of the bar, through the Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, 
the District Attorney, a sword, sash, belt, pistol, and shoul- 
der straps, as a testimonial of the esteem and regard in 
which he was held by his professional brethren. 

Religious services were held in the camp on successive 
Sabbaths, conducted by the Rev. Messrs. Moss, Hill, 
Sweetser, Richardson, and others, assisted by choirs from 
the different churches. Prayer meetings were held several 
evenings in the week, in a room in Agricultural Hall. On 
the afternoon of the last Sunday in October, the regiment * 
marched to the Old South Church, the pastor of which. Rev. 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. 99 

Horace James, had received the appointment of chaplain. 
The church was filled to its utmost capacity. Mr. James 
said in the course of his sermon, that it should be their aim 
in the war to strike a deadly blow at the root of the evil, 
at the heart of the destroyer, slavery, which was the cause 
of the war. He then referred to a remark said to have 
been made by some one on Main Street, just after the recent 
disaster at Ball's Bluff, that it would- be better now to give 
up to the rebels, and not fight them any longer. " He said 
that the person who uttered that diabolical sentiment was 
dishonored, and had disgraced himself, and was not fit to 
live in any country. A spontaneous burst of applause here 
arose from the soldiers in the body of the church. Mr. 
James remarked it was the first time any manifestation of that 
kind had occurred in that house, but he would excuse it on 
that occasion. He was glad to be chaplain of soldiers 
imbued with such manly sentiments." On the forenoon of 
the same day, Captain O' Neil's company attended services 
in a body, at the Catholic Church. 

A volume might be well filled with the " eloquence of 
Worcester," as it was expressed in the pulpit, on the plat- 
form, and in the various presentation speeches which accom- 
panied gifts of esteem and admiration. But there is room 
merely to record the fact that they were delivered, and give 
here and there an extract. Before the Twenty-fifth Regiment 
left, a valuable horse was presented to Lieutenant-Colonel 
Sprague, through Colonel Bullock, who made one of those 
earnest and finished speeches which are a bright feature of 
the heroic period which called them out. Colonel Sprague 
in receiving it, spoke with the vigor with which he fought 
when in the deadly shock of battle. A flag was presented to 
the regiment by the ladies of Worcester. William S. Davis, 
Esq., spoke in their names, and with words of sympathy and 
patriotic devotion, commended the gift to their keeping. 
He closed with these words : — 

" You, sir, and your command, will do your duty, and we feel confident, 
with success. You may meet with reverses. Of those who go forth 



100 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

with you, many may not return. This banner, so bright and beautiful to- 
day, may be rent and shattered with the shock of battle, and its stripes 
dyed to a deeper hue in friendly blood, but we feel assured in our inmost 
hearts, that some time or other — God speed the day — it will come back 
to us, still the symbol of our whole country, bright and beautiful in the 
splendors of victory ; come back to us, gracing the jubilant, triumphant 
return of our nation's preservers, and to be treasured up by our children 
and our children's children, as the sacred standard which led the glorious 
Twenty-fifth to an eternity of gratitude and of fame." 

Major McCafferty, as the representative of the regiment, 
received the gift in a gallant and appropriate speech. 

The address of Rev. James O'Reilly, in presenting Lieu- 
tenant Henry McConville " with an elegant sword, belt, 
sash, shoulder-knot, cap, bed and purse," was specially 
noticeable for its rush of fiery eloquence. The gifts to 
Captain Wageley and Lieutenant Richter have been already 
referred to on a preceding page. The gift to Lieutenant 
Richter was presented by Hon. W. W. Rice, in a brief and 
patriotic address, in behalf of the donors. Mayor Davis 
presented the articles to Captain Wageley, by whom they 
were received in a speech so characteristic of the naturalized 
Teuton, that room must be made for it. • 

" Mr. Mayor and Fellow-Citizens : — Having attentively listened 
to your eloquent remarks, I hardly know what to say. But my feelings 
prompt me to express the most heartfelt thanks for these various tokens 
of respect and friendly relations of my fellow-citizens of Worcester towards 
me. You may rest assured that I shall endeavor not to dishonor this 
sword which you have so magnanimously presented to me, and if you 
should ever feel disappointed in regard to any of my future actions, I hope 
there will be at least one who will reclaim it, in order that it may be 
placed in the hands of a more worthy soldier. I feel under so much the 
greater obligation to you, Mr. Mayor, and friends, as I am compara- 
tively a stranger in the city of Worcester. I have come from a country 
where freedom is but a phantom ; where liberty of speech is only known 
from its being prohibited ; where every one may think what he pleases — 
if he only keeps it to himself. I have lived in this country for a course 
of years, and have learned to love its free institutions, I have inhaled 
the healthy air of its Declaration of Independence. I am now prepared to 
assist in removing the clouds which have darkened your prosperity, and 
obscured the beams of truth which are glittering in that great cosmopolitan 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. IQI 

instrument, the Declaration of Independence. Truth and right we love, 
much more if we have had opportunity to make comparisons or contrasts! 
Germany, my old home, and America, my adopted home, furnish an ex- 
tensive field for making contrasts and observations. While I remain by 
birth a German, I am by sentiment an American, and as such I feel proud 
to fight under the stars and stripes, and contribute my mite to the support 
of the flag of our country, in order that it rmyful/y be the symbol of 
equality, freedom and fraternity, to all nations and races ! " 

A fine horse and various articles of equipment were 
presented to Adjutant Harkness, by friends connected with 
the fire department. The presentation was accompanied 
with an appropriate address to which the Adjutant made a 
suitable reply. 

About the middle of the month, there was a very pleasant 
party in the vestry and parlors of the Rev. Mr. Richard- 
son's church, at which the members of the congregation 
connected with the Twenty-fifth Regiment were present as 
guests. The rooms were filled. The ladies had prepared 
tastefully an ample collation. Remarks were made by Mr. 
Richardson, Colonel Sprague, Captain Denny, and the Hon. 
John D. Baldwin. 

The camp was visited on the afternoon of the thirtieth 
by Governor Andrew, accompanied by Colonels Ritchie and 
Wetherell of his staff: The regiment passed under review, 
after which the governor addressed the soldiers in his usual 
soul-stirring manner, complimenting them for the excellence 
of their drilling. He said he had seen all the fine regiments 
which Massachusetts had sent into the field, but the Twenty- 
fifth was the handsomest one he had set his eyes on, and was 
composed of the noblest-looking body of men he had ever 
seen assembled in uniform. He spoke of the immortal 
Fifteenth, and their noble commander, Charles Devens, the 
fame of whose gallant actions would last as long as those 
hills should endure. The conclusion of the speech was 
followed by three rousing cheers from the soldiers, "given 
with a will." 

The regiment left for the seat of war on the last day of 
October, followed by the love and prayers of hosts of friends 



102 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 



in all parts of the county. Recording these events, the Spy 

says : — 

" This regiment in which our good city of Worcester has so large and 
so precious an investment of its sons, brothers and husbands, left us with 
colors flying, and 

' Merry as a marriage bell ! ' 

It is of the same good stock as the Fifteenth, of whose achievements 
we are all so justly proud. It was too plain for concealment, and is no re- 
flection upon any other regiment, that the heart of our city was more 
deeply touched by its departure than by that of any previous one. Our 
whole community watched its gathering and its organization with the 
deepest interest, and it was present in unprecedented numbers to cheer 
it off. But we do not forget there were other experiences ; that there 
were afflictive separations, and groans and tears. . . . We have good 
reason for believing that there is not a man in the Twenty-fifth who does 
not know how warmly his regiment is cherished here ; and we know there 
is not a class, or sect, or party, or nationality, which have not representa- 
tives in it, of which each can say, * By them we will be judged.' As a liv- 
ing power in defence of a good cause, this regiment will be known widely 
hereafter. May the God of justice be its helper ! for with Him is victory, 
and out of victory must come peace, its blessed fruit." 

The following is a list of the commissioned officers of the 
regiment, and of the several companies, at the time of their 
departure from Camp Lincoln. 



Field and Staff of the Twenty-fifth Regiment. 



Colonel, 

Lieutenant- Colonel, 

Major, 

Adjutajtt, 

Quarter-master, 

Surgeon, 

Assistant Surgeon, 

Chaplain, 

Sergea7tt-Major, 

Quarter-inaster Sergeant, 

Commissary Sergeant, 

Hospital Steward, 

Band Master, 

Principal Musician, 



Edwin Upton, 
Augustus B. R. Sprague, 
Matthew J. McCafferty, 
Elijah A. Harkness, 
William O. Brown, 
J. Marcus Rice, 
Theron Temple, 
Horace James, 
Charles H. Davis, 
Edward A. Brown, 
Elbridge G. Watkins, 
Samuel Flagg, 
William E. Gilmore, 
Jubal H. Sampson, 



Fitchburg. 
Worcester. 



Fitchburg. 
Worcester. 
Belchertown. 
Worcester. 

Fitchburg. 
Worcester. 

Pawtucket. 
Worcester. 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. IO3 



Line Officers. 



Co. A, Worcester. Co. F, Fitchburg. 

Captain, Josiah Pickett, Captain, Charles H. Foss, 

Lieuts., Francis E. Goodwin, Lieuts., Levi Lawrence, 

Merritt B. Bessey. J. Henry Richardson. 

Co. B, Milford. Co. G, Worcester. 

Captain, Willard Clark, Captain, Louis Wageley, 

Lieuts., William Emery, Lients., Henry W. Richter, 

William F. Draper. Fred. A. Weigand. 

Co. C, Worcester. Co. H, Worcester. 

Captain, Cornelius G. Attwood, Captain, Orson Moulton, 

Lieuts., James Tucker, Lieuts., David M. Woodward, 

Merrick F. Prouty. Nathaniel H. Foster. 

Co. D, Worcester. Co. I, Templeton. 

Captain, Albert H. Foster, Captain, V. P. Parkhurst, 

Lieuts., George S. Campbell, Lieuts., James Smith, 

George H. Spaulding. Amos Buffum. 

Co. E, Worcester. Co. K, Worcester. 

Captain, Thomas O'Neil, Captain, J. Waldo Denny, 

Lieuts., William Daley, Lieuts., Samuel Harrington, 

Henry McConville. James M. Drennan. 



The third regiment from Worcester and vicinity had now 
been collected, armed and equipped, and despatched to the 
field. Before entering upon their heroic experience, it will 
be convenient to note a few occurrences while they were 
in the process of organization. 

The Rev. H. L. Wayland, son of Dr. Wayland, of Provi- 
dence, was the esteemed pastor of the Third Baptist Church. 
On the twenty-second of September he took leave of his 
people, in an appropriate discourse, previous to joining the 
Seventh Connecticut Regiment as chaplain. 

A Home Guard was formed at Tatnick, at a spirited 
pubUc meeting. Lieutenant H. R. Blair was chosen drill- 
master. 

The Rev. Horace James, having been offered the position 
of chaplain in the Twenty-fifth Regiment, addressed a letter 
to the assessors of the Old South Parish, offering his resigna- 
tion as pastor. At a large meeting of the members held on 
the ninth of October, remarks were made by several gentle- 



104 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

men, expressive of their esteem and affection for Mr. James. 
The following resolution was unanimously passed : — 

" Resolved, That it is tlie sense of tliis meeting, that it is the duty of 
our pastor to accept the appointment of chaplain of the Twenty-f.rst Regi- 
ment of Massachusetts Volunteers." 

The boys partook of the universal spirit of loyalty and 
military fervor. On the fourteenth of October, the McClel- 
lan Guards, commanded by Frederick Knowlton, — about 
fifty lads from twelve to seventeen years of age, — made a 
very creditable military appearance as they paraded the 
streets. 

The annual election held on the sixth of November, re- 
sulted in the election of Hartley Williams, Esq., as senator, 
and Hon. A. H. Bullock, Rev. Samuel Souther, D. A. God- 
dard, Joseph D. Daniels, and John L. Murphy as repre- 
sentatives. 

As a fitting finale to this already long chapter, a brief 
account of the observances of the Fast recommended by 
President Lincoln, and observed on the twenty-seventh 
of September, will be inserted here. It was while the " busy 
note of preparation" was heard on all sides in organizing 
companies and regiments, and its influence was felt in the 
camp as well as at the fireside. The men enlisted under a 
sacred sense of duty. 

At a regular meeting of the City Council, on the twenty- 
third of September, the following resolution, offered by 
Alderman S. R. Heywood, was unanimously adopted. 

" Resolved, That the City Council, highly approving the Proclamation 
of the President of the United States, and the Governor of our own 
Commonwealth, setting apart Thursday, September 26, for a day of fast- 
ing, prayer and humiliation, would respectfully recommend to our citi- 
zens a general suspension of business on that day." 

The day of special fast was observed with peculiar solemnity 
in this city. The churches were open for public worship, 
and the attendance was unusually full. The discourses 
related to the single topic which was first in all minds, — the 



ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS. I05 

country and its trials. Places of business and traffic, with 
very rare exceptions, were closed during the whole day, 
and a stillness as of the Sabbath reigned in the streets, 
excepting the marching of companies, as they arrived, to 
the camp. 

Dr. Hill preached to a large audience, at the Church of 
the Unity, on the greatness of the war, and the need of 
unselfish patriotism. Dr. Sweetser enforced the duty of look- 
ing to God, and supplicating his aid, while exerting all our 
own energies. Our national history taught us to trust in 
and honor God. Rev. Mr. Cutler presented two leading 
points. I. National calamities are God's judgments for 
national sins. 2. God's judgments may be removed, on con- 
dition of humiliation, supplication, and obedience of that 
portion of the nation which constitutes his people. He spec- 
ified several national sins, including slavery as most flagrant. 
Rev. Mr. James, at the Old South, preached upon the obliga- 
tions of the Christian patriot. He pictured the rebels as 
engaged to overthrow our government, and then appealed 
to Christian freemen, philanthropists and patriots, to go forth 
in the joy of faith, and the might of power, and do their duty. 
Rev. Mr. Richardson spoke an hour and a quarter, to a 
large assembly in Salem-Street Church, on the words, " Let 
us search and try our ways, and turn again to the Lord." 
The sins of the Jews often brought on them the judgments of 
God ; then came the cry : " What shall we do ? " The prophet 
answered, " Repent, examine your wicked ways, try them by 
the right ways of the Lord, and then square them by his 
laws of right, and he will again turn unto you. Stop the 
cause oi the judgment, and God will remove the evil." Then 
chastened, humbled, penitent, rulers, priests, people, they 
broke off their iniquities by righteousness, the judgment 
ceased, God smiled upon them. The fields were golden with 
harvest. Peace was within their borders. So must it ever 
be. After specifying national sins, and especially slavery 
as the sin, he exclaimed, " What an insult to heaven to fast 
and yet cling to the very cause which has called down the 



I06 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

curse ! " The question was, which should die, slavery or free- 
dom. " May God send us a leader," he continued, — " the 
right man — for the crisis! One who sees the enemy, and 
dare smite him, as Cromwell did the king. That is the true 
way of trusting providence. Do with our might ! Every 
man at his post ! That is the way Cromwell showed his faith 
and won his victories. If this Fast is not made a new con- 
secration day to this great work, it will be so much mock- 
ery." Rev. Mr. Dadmun conducted the service at the Meth- 
odist Church, and preached from Eccl. 8: ii, illustrating the 
fact that the delay of divine judgments was abused by nations 
to go on in wickedness. He showed how this nation had 
abused the divine clemency in extending the area of slavery, 
and drew the obvious conclusion that slavery must be done 
away. At a meeting of the Baptist Churches, Rev. Mr. Moss 
referred to the revolt of the tribe of Benjamin as recorded in 
Judges 20 : 26, 27, and drew from the history of that event, 
lessons of prudence and encouragement. The Jewish nation 
were defeated again, and again, and again, by a single tribe, 
until they humbled themselves before God, and then came 
victory. So will it be with us. At the Universalist Church, 
Rev. Mr. Burrington enforced the thought that liberty is a 
benefaction which does not descend upon a people, but a 
blessing to which a people must aspire, and which they must 
labor to possess, and which they must be ready to contend for 
in the field, if they would enjoy and keep it. 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL's BLUFF. 107 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL'S BLUFF. 

/ The Fifteenth Regiment, which left for Worcester on the 
i evening of the eighth of August, reached New York the next 
day at eleven o'clock, a. m., and arrived in Washington on 
the tenth. While in Baltimore, Saturday night, a rebel fired 
on them, and they were ordered to load. After that there 
was no disturbance. Nothing occurred of special interest 
while on the route to the national capital, but the ninth and 
tenth were days of intense heat and sultriness, and many 
ot the men were prostrated in consequence. On their arrival, 
the regiment was quartered in suitable buildings erected by 
the government. The next morning, Monday the eleventh 
of August, the regiment marched in a drenching rain, to 
their camping ground at " Meridian Hill," near the beautiful 
residence " Kalorama," where they were quartered under 
the command of General Rufus King. 

The regiment received orders for marching on the twenty- 
fifth of August, and in the course of two days pitched their 
tents upon an elevated plain, near Poolsville, Md., thirty- 
five miles from Washington. The site commanded a fine 
view of Leesburg, across the Potomac, and of the mountain 
ranges in Virginia. The camp was seven miles from Con- 
rad's Ferry, and five miles from Edward's Ferry, on the 
above named river. The encampment was named "Camp 
Foster," in honor of Hon. Dwight Foster, then Attorney- 
General of Massachusetts. The regiment now came under 
the authority of General Charles P. Stone, commanding 
Corps of Observation. The Potomac River being the divi- 
ding line between the union and rebel armies, "a large force," 



I08 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

says Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball, in his official report, " was 
required for picket duty, in order to protect the line extend- 
ing from Seneca Falls to Point of Rocks. Guarding that part 
of this line between Conrad's Ferry and the lower end of 
Harison's Island, a distance of three miles, became the duty 
of the Fifteenth Regiment. Five companies were sent to the 
river on this duty, and were relieved at the expiration of four- 
teen days by the balance of the regiment. Nothing of import- 
ance occurred to break the monotony of the established camp 
and picket duties, until the battle of Ball's Bluff, pending 
which time the soldiers rapidly improved in drill and disci- 
pline." During this time frequent exchanges of shots were 
made between the rebels and the members of the regiment, 
on picket duty, but without serious injury. At length, by 
mutual consent, this kind of annoyance ceased, and the sol- 
diers of the opposing forces, talked with each other across the 
river, and exchanged papers and various articles, such as 
tobacco, pocket knives and military buttons. 

At this time the regiment was visited by Mr. Nathaniel 
Paine, of this city, who -gives some interesting statements 
of things in the camp, in a letter to one of the city papers. 
After speaking of the efficiency of Dr. Bates, surgeon, and 
his assistant, Dr. Haven, of the cleanliness of the camp, and 
the healthy condition of the soldiers, he continues : — 

" The improvement in the drill and discipline of this regiment is very 
marked and decided, particularly to one who saw them while in camp at 
Worcester. The battalion drills conducted by Colonel Devens, show 
great proficiency, as does also the exercise in the manual of arms, at dress 
parade, and the high encomiums bestowed upon the colonel and his regi- 
ment by officers of experience, are well deserved. . . . The regimental 
band, under the leadership of Mr. Goddard, has made great progress, 
and ranks among the highest in this division of our army. Services are 
held every Sunday under direction of Mr. Scandlin, the very popular chap- 
lain of the regiment — his pulpit on these occasions consisting of a small 
platform with a drum fastened to a stack of muskets, for a reading desk ; 
on his right, the beautiful flag presented to the regiment by the ladies of 
Worcester, and on his left the banner of tlie state. A choir taken from 
among the members of the regiment, has been started, and take part in 
the exercises. Prayer meetings are held on Sunday and Wednesday 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL S BLUFF. lOQ 

evenings, and are well attended. Mr. Scandlin is evidently the right man 
in tlie right place, and he deserves and receives the confidence of the 
men. Quarter-master Howe's department appears to be in fine con- 
dition, and is highly commended by officers of his own and other regi- 
ments." 

A letter dated October 7, written by the senior editor of 
the Spy, after stating the great need of improved arms, — 
rifles instead of smooth-bores — speaks as follows in regard 
to the condition of the regiment, and the great efficiency of 
the officers. 

" Colonel Devens's regiment has an extended reputation among the 
camps for neatness, discipline, harmony, and good behavior, and I am 
satisfied that this reputation is well deserved. Although the camp, when 
we arrived, was astir with the usual movement of pay-day, yet it was the 
neatest and most orderly regimental camp we have seen. I can now add 
that the signs of harmony and good discipline are abundant and unmistak- 
able. Colonel Devens deserves the warmest praise of every friend of the 
regiment at home, for his earnest and untiring care of the men. Nothing 
that touches their welfare, not even the smallest matter, escapes his at- 
tention. Since the pay-master came, he has interested himself to have 
the men send home as much of their money as they can spare, and that, he 
thinks, is most of it ; and he has devised a scheme, all the trouble and ex- 
pense of which he takes upon himself, by which the money to be sent home, 
may be exchanged for checks drawn by himself on one of the Worces- 
ter banks, to be paid there if presented six or eight days hence. Already 
a great deal of money has been exchanged for these checks, some of the 
Irish boys belonging to the Blackstone company being among the foremost 
to take them. And in all measures for the welfare of the men. Colonel 
Devens is earnestly supported by Lieutenant-Colonel Ward, and Major 
Kimball. The harmony and mutual helpfulness manifest at head-quarters 
are very admirable." 

The time had come for sterner duty, and greater peril. 
The battle at Ball's Bluff occurred on Sunday, the twenty- 
first of October. No attempt will be made here to explain 
the origin or design of the movements which led to that 
disastrous affair. A plain narrative of the event is all that 
falls within the scope of this work. 

On Sunday night, the twentieth, Colonel Devens, who had 
for some time guarded Harison's Island, with one company, 



no WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ordered Captain Philbrick of Co. H, and Quarter-master 
Howe, with a detachment of twenty men, to scout the Vir- 
ginia shore in the direction of Leesburg. Harison's Island 
was near the middle of the river Potomac. There was a 
ferry above and another below the island. The passage to 
the island from the Maryland side, and to Virginia from the 
island, was made by boats, only two or three of which seem 
to have been at hand. Leaving the island, Captain Philbrick 
and his detachment passed to the south or Virginia side of 
the Potomac, and found themselves at the foot of a high bluff. 
Ascending this, they moved in the direction of Leesburg, 
which was about four miles from the landing. After going 
to within less than a mile of that place, and finding what they 
took to be a small camp, they returned about ten in the even- 
ing, and reported to Colonel Devens. The colonel reported 
to General Stone, and according to orders from him, then 
crossed the river in a scow and two small boats, with about 
three hundred men, consisting of Cos. A, C, G, H and I, and 
having posted them as a concealed reserve, in case of an 
attack on the advance, pushed forward, with a small detach- 
ment, into the locality where Captain Philbrick thought a 
camp of the enemy would be found. In the meantime. Colo- 
nel Lee, of the Twentieth, had sent over a part of his com- 
mand. The coming on of daylight revealed the mistake, no 
camp being in sight. About sunrise, or six and a half o'clock, 
as Colonel Devens, in company with Captain Philbrick and 
those under his immediate command, were exploring, he en- 
countered, about five hundred yards in advance of his 
reserves, the enemy's pickets, drove them from this position, 
and followed them briskly towards Leesburg. The rebels 
hastened to a line of rifle pits, but Colonel Devens's men 
drove them out, and for a few moments held possession ; but 
on the approach of the enemy's reserves, he ordered his men 
to fall back to the edge of the wood. About eleven o'clock 
A.M., the enemy advanced again. The Mississippi Rifles, 
Colonel Barksdale, came on, firing at long range from the 
woods — some of them from trees, others from stacks of corn 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL'S BLUFF. m 

in the fields, — firing with very accurate aim. They had thus 
a double advantage; first, in their position, and second, in 
their arms. Our men lamented more than ever their inability 
to obtain rifles. Colonel Devens, seeing a body of cavalry 
about three hundred strong approaching on his right flank, 
ordered his men to fall back on his reserves to avoid being 
outflanked, which movement was made in admirable order. 
The rebels for some cause, made no further attack till three 
o'clock. It is probable that the spirited conduct of our troops 
made them cautious, and that they were waiting for reinforce- 
ments. In the meantime Colonel Devens had been rein- 
forced by about three hundred men under Lieutenant-Colonel 
Ward. Colonel Lee of the Twentieth Regiment, also sent 
over one company early in the day, to guard the shore, and 
cover the return of Colonel Devens. So far, in these two 
skirmishes, several of our men had fallen, either killed or 
wounded, and it was believed that the enemy had suffered 
more severely. 

The troops now took lunch, as they had opportunity, each 
man helping himself to what his haversack afforded. In the 
meantime, other forces were sent across ; some three hundred 
of Colonel Lee's regiment, a battalion of Colonel Baker's 
California Regiment, seven hundred men, and Colonel Cogs- 
well with two hundred men of the Tammany Regiment. Gen- 
eral Baker now took command, and after complimenting Colo- 
nel Devens highly for his successful resistance to a superior 
force, posted his regiment, now less than two hundred men, 
on the right of the line of battle. Two howitzers under com- 
mand of Lieutenant Pierce of the regular army, and the gun 
of the Rhode Island battery, under command of Lieutenant 
Bramhall, were near the center of our lines. 

At half past three the rebels were seen advancing in strong- 
force, apparently about four thousand strong. The plan of 
the battle is represented on the opposite page. 

The rebels were drawn up in the form of a crescent, shel- 
tered in the woods, and they advanced their skirmishers from 
tree to tree, and from stack to stack, in comparative safety. 



112 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

They occupied high ground, and had the advantage in every 
respect. The contest was bravely maintained from two to 
three hours, when the loss of many men, and the greatly 
superior force of the enemy, compelled a retreat. The succes- 
sive stages of this battle may be given in the following order. 
A portion of the Fifteenth was deployed as skirmishers, to 
meet the rebels advancing on their right, from the north, while 
the remainder was put in position with a portion of the Twen- 
tieth, to meet the enemy in front. Our soldiers perceived the 
fearful odds against them, as the rebels, already more numer- 
ous, were receiving reinforcements. Behind them was the 
river, into which they must plunge if driven from the field. 
But they stood up to their work manfully. Lieutenant Pierce, 
of the howitzers, and Lieutenant Bramhall, with the Rhode- 
Island gun, opened upon the advancing foe with such a 
v/ell-directed fire, that they were held in check. For an hour 
firing was kept up pretty briskly at long musket range. 
The rebels picked their men — especially officers — firing 
from behind trees. Faster and surer came the shots till 
many of the officers had fallen. The fire was returned with 
great spirit. " Sometimes," writes Carleton, " there was a lull 
in the roll, then a pattering like rain-drops in a gentle shower, 
then a roll and roar. The Fifteenth, being much exposed, 
suffered terribly, but there was no flinching. The men, when 
one of their number fell, closed up the broken ranks with all 
the steadiness of veterans." The rebels, constantly rein- 
forced till their ranks numbered four thousand, pressed 
nearer, and poured in a deadly fire. Three several times the 
left of our line made an advance, but were in each case, com- 
pelled to retire. The battle raged terrifically for nearly two 
hours. The right held its position with firmness, until Gen- 
eral Baker ordered two companies of the Fifteenth to move to 
the center, which was quickly done. This produced the im- 
pression that the battle was going adversely, but there was 
no confusion. The whole line was cool and firm. General 
Baker rode along the ranks at this juncture, and addressed his 
brigade. They had retired partly behind a low ridge to escape 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL's BLUFF. II3 

the murderous fire. He urged them to make a bold stand, 
and was heard to say : " If I had two more such regiments 
as the Massachusetts Fifteenth, I would cut my way to Lees- 
burg." While in the act of pushing a cannon forward, with 
his shoulder to the wheel, he was struck with several balls, 
either of which would have been fatal. The death of Gen- 
eral Baker devolved the command upon Colonel Cogswell of 
the Tammany Regiment. It was now past five o'clock. The 
enemy were three to one. No reinforcements came to sus- 
tain our troops. Frightful gaps had been made in their 
ranks. What was to be done ? Colonel Devens suggested 
that they should cut their way to Edward's Ferry, and the 
Fifteenth was swung round by the left flank, in front of the 
others, and in the presence of an overpowering force of the 
rebels. The movement was made as steadily as if on 
parade. But the enemy pressed still harder, and it was found 
impracticable to carry out the attempt. Colonel Cogswell saw 
that the day was lost, and ordered a retreat. Colonel Devens 
said : " Sir, I do not wish to retreat. Do you issue it as an 
order ? " " Yes, sir," was the reply. " I would like to have 
you repeat it in the presence of my major, then." [Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Ward had been carried from the field, severely 
wounded.] '* I order you to retreat," was the response. The 
column fell back, nearly all of it in good order, though some 
companies broke and ran down the bank. But the Fifteenth 
maintained the same firmness that had characterized it 
through the day. The men, in common with their officers, 
kept the ranks till the colonel told them to save themselves 
as best they could. He expressed his own determination 
not to surrender, but to pass the river. He has always held 
that in a military point of view, he should have surrendered, 
but that he could not bring himself and men to the humiliation 
of being taken prisoners by rebels. The brave Colonel Lee, in 
the meantime, and a portion of the Twentieth, had been 
compelled to yield, and were taken prisoners. A portion of 
the Fifteenth deployed along the shore, to hold the enemy in 
check, while their comrades were escaping. The only means 

8 



114 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

of transport were the boats already mentioned. A few 
squads of soldiers ran down the banks, and filled the scow, 
which was soon overcrowded. After it had pushed off, others 
ran into the water and held on to the sides. When about 
half way over to the island, the boat went under, and the men 
were thrown into the river, which was cold and rapid. Many 
were swept away, though some by swimming and wading 
reached the island. The rebels, all this time, were taking 
deadly aim at our men, from the bluff. Colonel Devens, 
accompanied by Major Kimball, threw his sword into the 
river, took off his outer garments, and plunged in ; the officers 
and soldiers on the bank, who had not been shot or made 
prisoners, followed his example. While on the passage, the 
colonel and a few of his companions seized on a floating log, 
and thus were buoyed up, till they reached the shallow water 
where they could gain a foothold. The colonel bore grateful 
testimony to the assistance of some of his men. 

The battle was fought and lost. History will settle with 
those in high command who brought it on, failed to reinforce 
the few who bore the brunt of the fight, and provided no 
means for their safe withdrawal, while it will confer lasting 
renown upon the officers and men who fought with such vete- 
ran courage, and retired with such uncomplaining fortitude. 
Several incidents of the battle here find a fitting place. Colo- 
nel Ward was wounded in the leg, taken to the island, and in 
the course of the night, had his leg amputated below the knee. 
He bore up under it bravely, but it " was a sad sight," says an 
eye-witness, " to see a brave officer in that position." Lieu- 
tenant Church Howe, quarter-master, had several bullet-marks 
on his cap, belt and scabbard. Lieutenant Greene, of North 
Brookfield, who commanded company F, during most of 
the action, (his captain having been wounded,) did not 
retreat with the regiment, but under orders from an aid of 
Colonel Baker, with a squad of his own company, and a few 
men from the Tammany and California Regiments, stood his 
ground on the edge of the Bluff, and three several times drove 
back the advancing rebels, thus covering the retreat of the 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALLS BLUFF. II5 

balance of the regiment. At this moment a negro first acted 
the part of a soldier in the war. Lewis, a servant of Colonel 
Cogswell, in the confusion, supplied himself with arms, and 
loaded and fired with great spirit, until captured with Lieu- 
tenant Greene. He was taken to Richmond, and treated as a 
prisoner of war. Colonel Devens was uninjured, though a 
bullet was flattened on one of his buttons. Major Kimball 
escaped injury, though in the thickest of the fight. The 
chaplain and the surgeons were indefatigable in the duties of 
their respective offices, caring for the wounded and soothing 
the dying. Mr. Scandlin undertook to superintend the re- 
moval of the wounded to the island, where the hospitals were 
established. When the retreat was ordered, some of the sol- 
diers, supposing their enemies would follow to the island, 
rushed to the boats, but the chaplain manfully stood guard, 
and by physical force saved the wounded. He was unremit- 
ting in his attentions, and performed his duties under a 
shower of bullets. Surgeons Bates and Haven were over- 
whelmed with work, as the wounded were brought in, but they 
labored unceasingly for the relief of the brave boys.* 

Captain Watson of company E, was left on the bank of the 
river. He could not swim. With eight men, he found his 
way to Edward's Ferry in the night. 

Though compelled to retreat, the regiment came off with 
the highest honors. Colonel Devens spoke of his troops in 
the warmest terms of praise. He said that " every man 
did his duty ; there was no flinching, no disobedience, no cow- 
ardice, and they fought to the very last with great cheerful- 
ness," even after it was apparent that the day had gone 
against them. Unanimous testimony unites in proving that 



* A few weeks after the battle, an invalid lady sent a pair of stockings, her own handiwork, to 
Mr. C. C. CofBn, with the request that they should be given to the "bravest man in the battle of 
Bali's Bluff." They were sent to Colonel Devens, and the following is his note telling how the 
stockings were disposed of. "Dear Sir : — I received the 'pair of stockings sent by a Massachu- 
setts lady.' I can hardly decide who was the bravest man at the battle of Ball's Bluff, but I bestowed 
them on Captain Pliilbrick, Co. H, who commanded the advance guard of the Fifteenth Regiment, 
and told him to wear them until I found a braver man in the fight. I think they will be worn out 
before I do. Yours truly, 

Charles Devens." 



Il6 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the officers behaved with great gallantry. The men were well 
satisfied with the conduct of their officers. A private letter 
from the colonel, written at the time, says : " The regiment 
behaved nobly ; the officers without an exception, stood up 
resolutely from the first hour of the day to the last, and the 
moi seemed determined and unflinching to the last." One of 
the privates, who had several bullet holes through his clothes, 
and a bayonet scratch on his cheek, wrote that the thought 
of surrender was not entertained for a moment. 

The praise of the colonel was in every mouth. A private 
letter remarks : " We cannot say too much in praise of the cool 
courage and considerate movements of Colonel Devens. He 
is in my opinion, unsurpassed for cool bravery, being in the 
thickest of the fight, with his men, encouraging them with 
hopes of success as long as a shadow of hope lasted." In this 
connection may be given an extract fi'om a Washington dis- 
patch dated October 23, respecting the Fifteenth Regiment. 
" General McClellan telegraphs the highest praise of the ac- 
tion of our troops in the late battle. He says they fought 
bravely, retired in order, and after the fight, maintained the 
best spirits and most strict discipline. He expresses the 
belief that he can, hereafter, place implicit reliance on the 
men, and his conviction that they will not flinch at the hardest 
work. His praise is so warm and cordial that it is more than 
enthusiastic." At another time he said : " that nothing had 
occurred in the war yet equal to the heroic conduct of the 
Fifteenth Massachusetts," and he seemed to draw great en- 
couragement from the daring and fortitude of them and their 
comrades, though defeated. He saw in their soldierly bear- 
ing the prophecy of future victory. 

Not long after, General McClellan, seeing Colonel Devens 
at President Lincoln's, took his hand in both of his own 
and said : " Colonel Devens, in my next battle I want you 
to be with me." The compliment, in fulness of meaning and 
grace of manner, was never surpasssed. 

The following letter from Washington, bearing date Oc- 
tober 29, must not be omitted. 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALLS BLUFF. 11/ 

" On Thursday evening, the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment held its 
first parade since the battle. The scene was impressive and touching. 
Less than half the numerical force of the regiment before the battle was 
present. Some companies marched into line with less than twenty men, 
many of them without arms, many without uniforms, but none without brave 
and manly hearts. After the parade, the regiment was formed in square, and 
their noble and gallant Colonel Devens made them an address, to which 
even a faithful verbal report would do injustice, for no description could 
reproduce the tender, subdued fervor with which the colonel first spoke, 
the electric sympathy by which his men were affected, or the earnest deter- 
mination with which the question was asked and answered : ' Soldiers of 
Massachusetts, men of Worcester county, with these fearful gaps in your 
lines, with the recollection of the fearful struggle of Monday fresh upon your 
thoughts, with the knowledge of the bereaved and soul-stricken ones at 
home, weeping for those whom they will see no more on earth, with that 
hospital before your eyes filled with wounded and maimed comrades, I 
ask you now whether you are ready again to meet the traitorous foe who 
are endeavoring to subvert our government, and are crushing under the 
iron heel of despotism the liberties of a part of our country ? Would you 
go next week ? Would you go to-morrow ? Would you go this moment ? ' 
And one hearty ' yes ' burst from every lip. No man who knows what 
that noble regiment did on the twenty-first, could doubt them. The colo- 
nel had himself stood their sponsor in the baptism of fire, and the ques- 
tion was a needless one ; but as ' iron sharpeneth iron, so doth a man the 
face of his friend.' " 

A volume might be filled with incidents of the battle of 
Ball's Bluff, since each officer and man had a part to act, 
and an experience to relate. The story will be told to chil- 
dren and grandchildren around many a fireside, in coming 
years. The limits of this work preclude further particulars 
in this place. In a future chapter, the virtues and heroism 
of those who fought and fell, on the field and in the river, will 
be recounted. The gallant young Lieutenant Grout and his 
brave compeers shall not be forgotten. 

The losses of the regiment in killed, wounded, drowned 
and prisoners, was very great, hardly surpassed in any case 
during the war. Of the six hundred and twenty-one men who 
went into the battle, but three hundred and eleven were 
left fit for duty. The killed, wounded and missing were 
three hundred and ten. A large proportion of officers fell, the 



Il8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

rebels appearing to have aimed specially at them. The 
names of those who fell, so far as they belong to Worcester, 
will be found on another page. The names of the com- 
missioned officers who were killed, wounded or missing, 
were as follows. The killed were Captain Getchell, Co. K ; 
Second Lieutenant Grout, Co. E. The wounded were Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Ward ; Captain Sloan, Co. F, slightly ; Cap- 
tain Forehand, Co. G ; Captain Philbrick, Co. H, slightly ; 
First Lieutenant Holden, Co. G. Prisoners, Captains Rock- 
wood, Simonds, Bowman, Studley ; First Lieutenant Greene, 
and Second Lieutenants Vassall and Hooper. 

There was, as a matter of course, great suffering in the 
regiment. Not only were the wounded in want of many 
things which the kindness of friends alone could supply ; but 
those soldiers who escaped unscathed in battle, needed cloth- 
ing and equipments. In this connection, the following letter 
from Colonel Devens may be inserted. It was addressed to 
Hon. A. H. Bullock, in reply to a letter making inquiry con- 
cerning the wants of the regiment, and asking especially in 
what way their friends at home could serve them most 
effectually. It was dated at Camp Foster, Poolsville, Oc- 
tober 27. 

" Dear Sir : — I am exceedingly obliged to you for your note of sym- 
pathy and encouragement, received by Mr. Pratt. Although the loss of 
the regiment was perfectly terrible — my list of killed, missing and 
wounded being three hundred and ten, while six hundred and twenty-five 
was the largest number I had during the engagement, yet its courage was 
most nobly brave and enduring. The battle was hopelessly lost before 
General Baker was killed, yet the cool manner in which the regiment, 
half an hour after, marched over from the right of the line to protect the 
left, would have won for it a historic name, if it had been done on the 
battle-fields of Europe. 

The men here of course lost almost everything in the way of clothing 
and equipments, but I trust that the government will make immediate 
provision ; if it does not, I will have no hesitation in appealing to your- 
self and other patriotic citizens to aid. 

Before this disaster I had intended to write that each man in the regi- 
ment ought to be supplied with an extra blanket and mittens, (not sup- 
plied by the government) by the towns from which the regiment comes, 
and this I am very desirous should still be done. 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALLS BLUFF. IIQ 

The brave companions whom we have lost cannot be restored to us, but 
their number may. Will not the towns of the county of Worcester, from 
which these companies came, see to it that each company is recruited 
again to its maximum standard, with vigorous and resolute young men 
from their own town or its immediate vicinity, and not leave us to be 
filled from recruiting officers of cities ? Let the determination of no one at 
home waver. The courage of the regiment is unshaken ; two nights ago, 
at an alarm, it turned out as calmly as if nothing like this calamity had 
ever happened, and the sick in the hospitals would be brought to the win- 
dows to see it march. It brought its colors from the field, and be its 
original members many or few, they will yet be seen to wave high above 
the emblems of treason and secession. 

Allow me to ask you to communicate this note to his Honor, the mayor, 
to whom I am prevented from writing fully, and believe me, with many 
thanks for your expressions of kindness, 

Yours most truly, 

Charles Devens." 

.Such a letter could not fail of a suitable response. The 
ladies were soon at work in behalf of their brothers in the 
field, and efforts were immediately made to recruit the broken 
ranks of the regiment. In a few weeks organized effort was 
brought into action in their behalf. An appeal was addressed 
to the people of Worcester county, signed by Hon. Levi 
Lincoln, Hon. Isaac Davis, Hon. Stephen Salisbury, Hon. 
A. H. Bullock, Rev. Dr. Hili, Rev. J. J. Power, and many 
others, calling for three hundred and fifty men, to fill the 
deficiency in the regiment. The influence of the services 
on Thanksgiving day, November 21, were all in the same 
direction. The discourses and j^rayers in all the churches 
referred to the crisis of the country. Dr. Sweetser, showed 
how good is mixed with evil, but how the evil is eliminated 
in the succession of events. So in this war, we hope for 
good, under the providence of God. Dr. Hill reflected the ad- 
vancing public sentiment in favor of abolishing the cause of 
the war. Rev. Mr. Richardson spoke with characteristic 
force and earnestness on the blessings of civil liberty. Rev. 
Mr. Hager, at All Saints Church, treated of slavery as a 
terrible disease that had been working in the veins of the 
republic. The poison was sinking deeper and deeper, the 



120 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

cancer had been tampered with, and was growing larger, 
contaminating the whole system ; and now God in his provi- 
dence, directed us to use the knife for its extermination. Rev. 
Mr. Tucker, Baptist, held that God intended to bring about 
the liberation of the slave, and that he would hold us face to 
face with our enemies till the problem of emancipation should 
be solved. Rev. Mr. Dadmun, Methodist, spoke in the same 
general strain, recognizing slavery as the great curse. Rev, 
Mr. Cutler preached on the Right of the Sword. The design 
of the sermon was to remove the doubts of patriotic men who 
had conscientious scruples in regard to war in any case. He 
showed the right of defensive warfare, and the duty of all citi- 
zens to sustain the government. There was a general desire 
to have the discourse repeated on some more public occasion. 
In accordance with this wish, the discourse was repeated to 
an audience which filled Union Church to the doors. 

A public meeting was held in the City Hall on the evening 
of the third of December, in behalf of the Fifteenth, which 
was fully attended. Hon. Isaac Davis, the mayor, presided, 
and after appropriate remarks, introduced Rev. Mr. Scandlin, 
the chaplain, who spoke for an hour in an earnest and elo- 
quent manner, appealing to the citizens of the county to 
come forward and fill up the l^roken ranks. He drew many 
graphic pictures of scenes and incidents in the late fight, at 
which our officers and men bore themselves so bravely 
against such terrible odds. While the banners of other regi- 
ments were trailed in the dust, or destroyed to prevent their 
capture, the colors of the Fifteenth, given to them by the 
ladies of Worcester, were sacredly and safely guarded, and 
borne unsullied from the field amid the fire of bullets. 

Judge Chapin then came forward, and made a spirited and 
stirring appeal to the young men to rally again at the call of 
their country. In this struggle two modes of civilisation to- 
tally irreconcilable, and as impossible to be mixed as oil and 
water, were striving for the mastery. It was a face-to-face 
conflict of freedom with slavery, and one or the other must 
prevail over all the land ; one or the other must be extin- 
guished ; there was no other alternative. 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL's BLUFF. 121 

" Those who shed their blood like rain, 
The fathers of our race, 
They surely shed their blood in vain, 
If we their names disgrace ; 

If Freedom's forces rally not, 

On mountain, vale and strand. 
To wipe away the dark plague spot 

That curses this our land." 

I At the conclusion of Judge Chapin's speech, a committee 
was appointed to aid in enlisting recruits in Worcester for the 
regiment. The committee consisted of the following gentle- 
men, viz., Hon. Dwight Foster, A. M. F. Davis, and Charles 
B. Pratt. 

On the twelfth of December, the Hon. Edward Everett 
lectured in Mechanics Hall, to an audience which occupied 
every seat. He treated in his own inimitable manner, of the 
contest ; its nature, origin, progress and tendency, and 
showed that the nation was struggling towards an advanced 
position in the vanguard of true progress. And on the six- 
teenth, the Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York, spoke 
two full hours, to an applauding audience, on public affairs. 
All these sermons, speeches and addresses, which appealed 
to the higher principles of our moral nature, had a powerful 
tendency to develop a true patriotism. 

Perhaps this chapter cannot be closed better than by copy- 
ing the two following letters ; the one showing how our noble 
boys bore their wounds and sickness in the hospital, and the 
other how tenderly and respectfully the dead were buried. 

The first was from a lady who had been for some months 
in Washington, and who had spent some time at Poolsville. 
She wrote as follows : — 

" The beautiful heroism of some of those sick beds, when a precious 
limb is lost, or life is slowly ebbing, is more amazing than the bravery of 
the day of battle. A young carpenter is sitting at the same table with me, 

answering a letter from Rev. Dr. P . He is a Sterling boy, and the 

name of his town applies to him. I remarked his face when I first came, 
so full of honest dignity and sweetness. I have been reading some of his 
letters to and from home, full of patriotism and genuine piety, the best 



122 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

product of New-England culture. He sketches prettily, and writes with 
simplicity, and is one of the hundreds of thousands of privates whose life 
would quietly bless his little circle, but whose death may be needed by his 
country ; he joyfully yields all for her. After I had tucked a fine little fel- 
low of eighteen into his bed for the night, and had made the pillow easy 
for the stump of an arm, and had his thanks for the comfort, I spoke to 
him tenderly of his loss, and the manly answer was : ' I do not regret 
it ; it was lost in a good cause, and I do not wish it otherwise.' " 

The other letter was written by Rev. Christopher Gushing, 
then of North Brookfield, and was published in the Spy, 
under the head of " Our Dead at Ball's Bluff." 

" I know that your readers will be interested in any facts respecting the 
brave soldiers who fell in the recent engagement at Ball's Bluff, and par- 
ticularly as to the burial of the dead. This sad service accidentally de- 
volved on Captain F. F. Vaughn of the Rhode Island battery, who was 
assisted by twelve men, mostly of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regi- 
ment. He found most of the bodies in the woods around the open field 
of which such frequent mention has been made in the papers. Two of 
the bodies were deprived of their clothing, with the exception of the 
shirts. This being contrary to the customs of war, the rebel officers ex- 
pressed regret when they saw it, and said they wished it distinctly under- 
stood that this was contrary to their orders, and did not meet with their 
approbation. In some other instances a coat or a jacket was taken. As 
indicating what the rebels are destitute of, it is a significant fact that the 
hats and caps, and boots and shoes, were all taken, and the buttons 
ripped off from the clothing. There was no instance- of a body having 
been mutilated by the enemy. But everything which the soldiers carried in 
their pockets was taken, and the search was so thorough that there were 
only three instances in which anything could be found to aid in identify- 
ing the bodies. On the pants of one was found the name of Captain Al- 
den ; under the body of another there was an envelope superscribed 
James Douglas ; into the top of the socks of another were beautifully in- 
wrought the letters W. H. H. L. 

Forty-seven bodies were buried upon the battle-field, twelve were 
brought over to Harison's Island, and almost twenty were left for the 
enemy to bury. The sad work was left thus unfinished, because the 
darkness of night interposed, and the next day Captain Vaughn was sick. 
So thoroughly had the battle-field been examined by the enemy, that only 
two bodies of the rebel dead were found during the whole day, and only 
two of our wounded men ; these were claimed as prisoners of war, and 
sent to the hospital at Leesburg. Our dead were buried with their cloth- 
ing on, laying the body upon the side in trenches, usually two, three, or 



THE FIFTEENTH AT BALL's BLUFF. 123 

four, side by side, never one upon another, and in the same trench there 
was in only one instance so many as eleven. The face was covered with 
leaves, and then the body was covered with earth, to the depth of from 
three to five feet, and a stone was placed at the head and foot of each 
grave. So far as can be judged by the clothing, about half of the dead on 
the battle ground were of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment, and 
about half of the Californians, or Baker's men. It will be a satisfaction to 
friends at home to know that the solemn work of burial devolved upon one 
who so faithfully and tenderly observed the proprieties of the occasion." 



124 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER VII. 

SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 

Though the Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth Regiments left 
home in the summer and autumn of 1861, they were not en- 
gaged in battle until the next year. Before following their 
footsteps to the tented field, it will tend to a clear understand- 
ing of the part borne by Worcester in the contest, to give a 
connected account of events pertaining to the war which oc- 
curred at home during the year 1862. 

Owing to the pressure of the times, and in accordance with 
the action of moneyed institutions throughout the loyal states, 
the banks of the city suspended specie payments on the 
second day of January, 1862. 

On the sixth, the new city government was organized, and 
the mayor, Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, speaking of national 
affairs in his inaugural address, said : " that the power of the 
government and the patriotism of the people have so far 
shown themselves quite equal to the great emergency, and 
it is not to be doubted that they will continue to rise with any 
new demand for men and money, until this most unnatural 
and wicked rebellion shall be driven from the fair fields of the 
Union, and that this government, then free in fact as in name, 
and which at once inspires the admiration and hopes of the 
masses of mankind, and the envy and hatred of the few who 
indulge the vain belief that they are born to rule and domi- 
nate over the many, shall rise to greater heights of prosperity 
and renown than it has ever before reached." The military 
or war debt was stated to be ^14,600. This was for money 
paid to families of citizens in the public service. 

At this time the ladies were busy with the needle, and in 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 125 

Other ways, rendering aid to the soldiers in the field and hos- 
pital, and to the destitute " contrabands " who increased rap- 
idly in number, and whose wants were very urgent. A future 
chapter will be devoted to the history of this form of benevo- 
lent action. 

The first number of the Palladium in 1862, had a long and 
able article on " The Old and the New, " reviewing the state 
of affairs, and concluding in these words : " There are times 
when human strength seems but an embodiment of human 
weakness ; the highest intelligence, but the faint glimmering 
of reason ; and every manly attribute, powerless to direct in 
the right course and accomplish the achievements which 
imperious necessity demands. Such seems now to be the 
condition of this great people. And now that the cloud has 
shut down upon us, and shadows envelop us, there is mani- 
fest propriety in the injunction to us, to look above to the 
Supreme Ruler of the universe, as John Milton in his blind- 
ness ; and join with him in his declaration : — 
* 

' There is, as the apostle has remarked, a way to strength through 
weakness. Let me then be the most feeble creature alive, as long as that 
feebleness serves to invigorate the energies of my immortal spirit ; as 
long as in that obscurity, in which I am enveloped, the light of the divine 
presence more clearly shines ; then, in proportion as I am weak, I shall be 
invincibly strong ; and in proportion as I am blind, I shall more clearly see.' " 

The next number of the same paper reports that " Major 
Theron E. Hall, adjutant of the Twenty-first Massachusetts 
Regiment, left this city a few days since, in charge of one 
hundred laborers from various towns in the county, engaged 
to work for the government in AnnapoKs. For skilled car- 
penters the government pays forty dollars a month and board, 
and for common workmen twenty-five dollars." 

Mr. Homer B. Sprague, formerly principal of the High 
School of Worcester, became a captain in the Thirteenth 
Connecticut. 

A committee of twenty-one prominent citizens of which 
Hon. W. W. Rice was chairman, was chosen to raise recruits 
for the Fifteenth Regiment. 



126 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

On the nineteenth of March, Major McCafFerty of the 
Twenty-fifth was honorably discharged. He fought with the 
regiment at Newbern, as well as at Roanoke Island, with 
unquestioned bravery. 

It was reported in the papers of March 31, that Colonel 
Devens was promoted as a brigadier-general of volunteers. 

The nineteenth of April, — anniversary of the "Lexington 
alarm " — was duly celebrated. At half past ten a.m., a mes- 
senger rode up street crying, " To arms ! To arms ! The war 
is begun." The bells rung out the alarm, and three alarm 
guns were fired. The " minute men, " composed of the High- 
land Cadets and the McClellan Guards rallied, forming on the 
Common, and left for the scene of war at Lexington. In due 
time they returned, and made a fine display under the leader- 
ship of Captains Abercrombie and Knowlton. 

An immense assemblage at Mechanics Hall witnessed 
the presentation of rebel flags captured at the battle of New- 
bern, by Co. E, of the Twenty-fifth Regiment. Alderman 
Charles B. Pratt called the meeting to order, and presented 
Mayor Aldrich as presiding officer. His Honor, in brief re- 
marks, introduced Major McCafferty, through whom, as one 
honorably engaged in the battle of Newbern, the captured tro- 
phies were to be presented to the city, with the request from 
Captain O'Neil that they should be deposited in the Public 
Library building. 

The major sjDoke at length and in a vein of effective elo- 
quence, referring to Captain O'Neil and his company in the 
following terms. 

" Among those selected to raise a company for the war, was Captain 
Thomas O'Neil, formerly a lieutenant in company C, of the Third Bat-, 
talion Rifles. As soon as his name was announced, many of those who 
served with him in the three months' service, rushed to his standard. 
They knew him well, his dauntless courage, his fearlessness, that he had 
sprung Sfom a race of soldiers, his name a synonym in Irish history, 
for brave deeds ; his uncle James fell fighting the battles of the Saxons at 
Talavera; his uncle Arthur, on board of the Terrible, in an engagement 
with the French fleet in the same service ; his father fell bleeding on the 
field, wounded at Waterloo ; and his family to-day have furnished more 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME, 1 27 

soldiers for the war than any other family in Worcester county. His 
brother Charles, of the Twentieth Massachusetts, was wounded in the un- 
fortunate affair of Ball's Bluff. His brother James gallantly bore the state 
colors of Massachusetts on to the enemy's ramparts at the battle of 
Newbern, — and himself, who has been in the service from the eighteenth 
day of April, one year ago yesterday, and who from that time to the pres- 
ent has borne himself as a gallant soldier, doing every duty cheerfully. 
Captain O'Neil's company are chiefly adopted citizens. I think it would 
be somewhat difficult to tell who responded most cheerfully to the presi- 
dent's call for troops, whether it was the native born or adopted citizen. 
They seemed to vie with each other in the struggle for laurels and for 
service. The first company from this state of adopted citizens was from 
the county of Worcester.* The second company of adopted citizens from 
this city was the command of Captain Thomas O'Neil ; his command have 
already been in two engagements. They were the first company deployed 
as skirmishers to protect the landing of the troops at Roanoke, the 
gallant Richter with his scouts having been recalled. On the morn- 
ing of the battle they were skirmishing again, driving in the enemy's 
pickets with company A, under the brave Sprague. They advanced on 
the double quick and held the rebels at bay until the regiment passed the 
ford and reached them. The line of battle was soon formed, and com- 
pany £, with Captain Wageley, Captain Atwood and Captain Pickett, cov- 
ered the howitzers, and soon commenced the iron rain and leaden hail, and 
for three-fourths of an hour the gallant Twenty-fifth Massachusetts held 
unsupported the enemy's front, and for three and a half hours they held 
that front and received the rebel fire. On that field there was coolness, 
sternness, and daring, that would have done honor to old veterans, by 
members of company E, and other companies of the Twenty-fifth. At 
Roanoke victory was theirs, though at the cost of many lives." 

The mayor made an appropriate address, eulogizing the 
men who had fought so bravely, accepting the trophies as 
evidence of the valor displayed, and taking a patriotic view of 
the war against the rebellion. He then presented the Rev. 
Horace James, chaplain of the Twenty-fifth, to the audience. 
He was at home on a short furlough, having come on with 
some sick and wounded soldiers. He spoke in high terms of 
our soldiers, and contrasted them with the rebels. He bore 
words of cheering and warm congratulation from the soldiers 
to their friends at home. He complimented Captain O'Neil 

* It is claimed that this company was the first composed of Irish soldiers that engaged in the ser- 
vice of the Union. 



128 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and his brother soldiers, for their patriotism and valor, in cap- 
turing the rebel trophies. 

By order of the mayor, on the twelfth of May, a salute of 
one hundred guns was fired on the Common, at sunrise, in 
consequence of the good news from the army and navy, — es- 
pecially for the capture of Norfolk. 

Dr. O. Martin received from the officers of the Kansas 
brigade a very high testimonial to his skill, courtesy and 
kindness. 

On the twenty-sixth of May, Governor Andrew called for 
more troops. The occasion of the call was made by the 
retreat of General Banks down the valley of the Shenandoah. 
This caused a panic at Washington, and an appeal to the 
country for fresh troops. Governor Andrew called upon the 
citizen soldiery of Massachusetts, and the response was im- 
mediate in this city as elsewhere. The three Worcester 
companies, with their usual ardor, put themselves in readi- 
ness for three months' service. The armories of the Light 
Infantry, City Guards and Emmet Guards were thronged from 
an early hour in the morning, and enlistments were made with 
unusual alacrity. Before night the ranks were nearly full. 

A meeting was held on the Common at the call of the 
Mayor, at 1 1 o'clock, a. m. The Old South bell rung out the 
call. Addresses were made by his Honor, and by ex-Mayors 
Davis and Rice, by Major McCafferty and by Rev. Messrs. 
Richardson and Higginson. The mayor explained that the 
service would be for three months, and pledged the city to 
provide for the families of the soldiers. 

The officers of the several companies were as follows : Co. 
A, City Guards, Captain, Arthur A. Goodell ; First Lieuten- 
ant, W. Adams ; Second Lieutenant, C. N. Harrington. Co. C, 
Emmet Guards, Captain, M. S. McConville ; First Lieutenant, 
Nicholas Powers; Second Lieutenant, John O'Gorman. Co. D, 
Light Infantry, Captain, George W. Prouty ; First Lieuten- 
ant, John A. Lovell ; Second Lieutenant, J. H. Prouty. The 
Holden Rifles arrived in the city in the afternoon under the 
command of Captain Gleason. The commissioned officers 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 1 29 

held a meeting and unanimously elected Captain Harrison W. 
Pratt as major. 

The command and staff of the battalion were as follows : — 

Major, Harrison W. Pratt, 

Adj2itant, J. Stewart Brown, 

Quarter-master, H. W. Conklin, 

Surgeon, ' F. H. Kelley, 

Sergeant-Major, John B. Goodell, 
Quarter-master Seigeant, F. E. Murray, 

Hospital Steward, Wilmarth. 

The battalion left for Boston in the forenoon of the next 
day. On arriving there they found that instead of three 
months, they might be required to serve until two months 
after the commencement of the next session of Congress, and 
perhaps longer. This they could not do ; and in the ' mean 
time word came from Washington that the exigency had been 
provided for, and that the three months' men would not be 
needed. Our battalion therefore returned home on the next 
day, having shown their readiness to throw aside business, and 
leave their homes at the call of their country. 

Camp Wool, on the Agricultural Fair-Grounds was assigned 
as the quarters of the new regiment, the Thirty-fourth, and 
William S. Lincoln was designated as lieutenant-colonel, on 
the first of June. On the fourth of June, the Light Infantry 
voted to join the Thirty-fourth under Major Pratt as cap- 
tain. 

A large number of gentlemen and ladies met at Brinley 
Hall, on the tenth of June, when a handsome sword and 
equipments were presented to Colonel Ward, in a speech by 
Mr. Bullock. The colonel replied wirh great modesty and 
feeling. General Devens made him a present of shoulder- 
straps. 

The celebration on the fourth of July was confined 
to the ringing of bells and firing of salutes. The people 
were anxious about the condition of General McClellan and 
his army near Richmond. On the tenth, Drs. Workman 
and Chandler volunteered their services as surgeons, and left 

9 



IjO WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

for the seat of war. Seven days' fighting had made work for 
them. 

The immense losses incurred by our armies on the Penin- 
sula, in the Shenandoah valley, and elsewhere, made it neces- 
sary to call for more troops. Accordingly a great meeting 
was held on the twelfth of July, in Mechanics Hall, by request 
of the mayor, " to respond to the call of the governor, for im- 
mediate action in relation to the recruiting of volunteers, to 
fill up at once the quota of Worcester under said call." On 
the platform were ex-Governor Lincoln, General Devens, Col- 
onel Ward, and other eminent citizens. The mayor called 
the meeting to order, and on motion of Mr. George Richard- 
son, Mayor Aldrich was called to preside. He explained the 
object of the meeting. The purpose of the government is to 
put down rebellion, and abolish the cause of the rebellion. 
Our ranks were thinned every day, and new recruits must 
take the field. 

General Devens was received with repeated rounds of ap- 
plause. He said we were in a struggle for nationality. The 
rebels must be reduced to submission to wise and wholesome 
laws. He spoke of past successes, city after city and port 
after port having been subdued. There need be no fear of 
foreign governments aiding the rebellion, if three hundred 
thousand men should spring to their feet, as they should do, 
with arms in their hands. 

The venerable ex-Governor Lincoln was welcomed with 
enthusiastic applause. His speech was full of the patriotic 
fire of his younger days, and when he said ; " the rebellion 
must be crushed, " he spoke the sense of Worcester. He 
moved the following resolution. 

" In answer to the call of the President of the United States for this 
state's quota of three hundred thousand men, for the reinforcement of the 
army of the United States, and of the requisition of the Governor of the 
Commonwealth for the enlistment of two hundred and sixty-one volun- 
teers as the proportion of that quota from this city, 

Resolved, As the sense of this meeting, that in view of the present de- 
mand for labor, and the sacrifices which men must now make in being 
called, at this season, and thus suddenly from their homes and their pri- 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. I3I 

vate concerns of business, it is yz^/ and proper, that additional pecuniary 
inducements should be offered to enlistments, and that it be recommended 
to the city council, on the faith and credit of the city, to propose to pay to 
each soldier, who shall voluntarily enlisty/'cw tJiis city, under the present 
requisition, the sum of seventy-five dollars, upon his being duly mustered 
into the service of the United States ; provided, however, that said bounty 
be paid to no other or greater number of soldiers than are duly enlisted 
and mustered into service as this city's proportion of said requirement." 

Rev. Mr. Richardson spoke in vigorous and emphatic lan- 
guage, saying : " Our army is in danger ; soldiers are 
needed. Let every man resolve to-night that this rebellion 
shall be crushed. Let there be no more guarding rebel 
property. Bring out every man and every gun." The mayor, 
in putting the vote, pledged the aid of the city government. 
Mr. James White arose, and alluding to the bounty of seven- 
ty-five dollars, said he had great regard for the historic num- 
ber seventy-five, but felt a much stronger thrill of patriotism 
for seventy-six, and pledged himself to add one dollar to the 
sum specified for each volunteer ; making two hundred and 
sixty-one dollars. The offer was accepted with enthusiastic 
applause. 

On the fourteenth, the city government voted a bounty of 
one hundred dollars to each volunteer under the terms of the 
above resolution. 

Another war meeting, called by the mayor< was held in 
the City Hall on the nineteenth of July. The hall was 
crowded to its utmost capacity. The mayor stated the need 
of the government, when earnest and powerful speeches were 
made by Rev. Mr, Richardson, Major McCafferty and Gen- 
eral Devens. A large " committee of safety " consisting of 
a hundred citizens, was chosen to take in charge the business 
of recruiting. This committee met on Monday evening, and 
chose an executive committee of one for each ward to 
carry out the business of recruiting. The following are their 
names. P. Emory Aldrich, chairman ; ward one, Merrick 
Bemis ; two, Lee Sprague ; three, Walter Henry ; four, Elliot 
Swan ; five, Patrick O'Keefe ; six, Charles B. Pratt ; seven, 
George M. Rice ; eight, Warren Williams. The committee 



132 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

passed a vote requesting the citizens to close their places of 
business on the next Saturday at noon, and hold a mass meet- 
ing on the Common at three o'clock p.m. 

George M. Rice, of the firm of Rice Barton, & Co., said 
he was authorized in behalf of his firm, to offer to each per- 
son in their employ, who would enlist, eleven dollars, making 
the sum of one hundred and ten dollars, and guarantee their 
places to them on their return. The firms of Earle & Jones, 
Washburn & Moen, Washburn & Son, and Albert Curtis, 
also made the same generous offer to the men in their em- 
ploy, Mr. O'Keefe, in behalf of his adopted fellow-citi- 
zens, assured the committee that they would furnish their 
full share of men. 

The intense excitement of the public mind was indicated 
by the fact that the state of the country was brought before 
their congregations by several ministers on the Sabbath, 
July 20. Rev. Dr. Hill, Rev. Mr. Shippen, and others spoke 
earnestly on the crisis. The only reported discourse was 
that of Rev. Mr. Richardson, which, says the reporter, was 
" delivered with wonderful force and effect." After speaking 
of the interests in jeopardy, and our means of deliverance, he 
closed in these words : — 

" By such means God calls upon the country, and upon every loyal man 
and woman. Obey the call. Then shall we be inspired of heaven in a 
cause so holy, for then every law of God will work in harmony with us ; 
the sense of right, which makes strong the arm and gives persistency to 
the will ; the sentiment of other nations, that in our age has become a 
power, will turn in our favor ; and as the stars fought against Sisera, they 
will fight against slavery. The victory will be ours. Call to our aid the 
visions of the futiire, — the countless myriads that, age after age, will 
people this broad continent ; listen to the songs of triumph that shall re- 
sound from ocean to ocean, and from the lakes to the gulf, transmitting 
praises to the true, and curses upon the false, to untold generations ; 
and surrounded by that cloud of witnesses now looking down upon us, 
let us resolve : — Freedom and Union, one and inseparable, now and for 
ever." 

Enlistments came in rapidly, the recruits singing : — 

" We are coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more." 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 1 33 

There was an immense meeting on the Common, on Satur- 
day, July 26, nearly all places of business being closed for the 
purpose of attending. The mayor called to order at eleven 
o'clock A.M., and briefly stated the objects of the meeting. 
Colonel Wells, of the Thirty-fourth, spoke with eloquence 
and effect. Governor Andrew then came forward amid the 
vociferous cheering of the vast multitude, and gave one of 
those off-hand speeches of his, which were so full of electric 
force. " Our government," said he, " now recognizes it as a 
war, and rebellion must fall ; and they who have stood upon 
the necks of so many bondsmen shall be swept away, and 
four million souls rise to immortality." John B. Gough was 
introduced, and " his patriotism," says the Palladium, " was 
up to fever heat, and the amount of scathing condemnation 
dealt to southern rebellion, we never heard summed up in so 
short a period of time before." Mr. T. W. Wellington, who 
had three sons in the war, offered to go himself, or furnish a 
substitute. Messrs. Oliver K. Earle, Philip L. Moen, J. W. 
Jordan, John B. Gough, Edwin S. Lawrence and A. E. But- 
ler, gave their names on the same conditions, and Mayor 
Aldrich said he would add his own name to the list. 

Perhaps room enough has already been given to the war 
meetings held at this period, but there was one called 
together in Mechanics Hall on the first of August, which was 
not only patriotic but significant. It was assembled through 
the efforts of citizens who belonged to, or sympathized with, 
the sentiments of the "Freedom Club" of this city, which 
always took radical views of the war as relating to slavery. 
The meeting spoke of the prevailing sentiment of Massachu- 
setts and its peerless governor, and uttered the feelings of 
the vast majority of people in this city and county. Accord- 
ing to the report in the papers it " was one of the most en- 
thusiastic and successful meetings ever held in this city." 
The hall was crowded by citizens who met under the follow- 
ing call : — 

" Is the president waiting to hear from the people ? Will they speak ? 
We, the people of the city of Worcester, believing that lenity to traitors 



134 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



is ruin to all loyal citizens, and that the time has arrived when we cease 
to deserve success if we fail to use all the means that God has placed in 
our hands to crush out this rebellion and annihilate its cause ; Therefore 
we earnestly invite all who are ready to assist in rescuing the republic 
from its perilous condition, to meet — to take action in the premises." 

Mr, John McCombe called the meeting to order, and an- 
nounced the followins: list of officers : — 



President, Hon. J. S. C. Knowlton. 
Vice-Presidents, 



Philip L. Moen, 
James H. Walker, 
A. C. Darlinor, 
S. E. Hildreth, 

C. L. Prouty, 

D. R. Goodell, 
Geo. M. Rice, 
R. R. Shepard, 
George S. Barton, 
George Geer, 
Adin Thayer, 

Rev. M. Richardson, 
Thomas Tucker, 
J. M. Childs, 
Benjamin Goddard, 
Alanson Carey, 
William Dickinson, 
Alonzo Whitcomb, 



Adam Harrington, 
Daniel Tainter, 
Alexander Thayer, 
Oliver K. Earle, 
Martin Lathe, 
W. Mecorney, 
O. A. Smith, 
Hugh Doherty, 
Rev. R. R. Shippen, 
J. D. Kettell, 
Clark Jilson, 
Otis Warren, 
Charles Davis, 
Henry Walbridge, 
L. W. Pond, 
Alzirus Brown, 
R. A. M. Johnson, 
H. H. Houtrhton, 



T. M. Lamb, 
Edwin Morse, 
Simeon Clapp, 
Edwin Draper, 
Wm. McFarland, 
David Cummins, 
Frederick Jefts, 
Francis L. King, 
John Firth, 
Abraham Firth, 
A. Marsh, 
James H. Osgood, 
Loring Coes, 
Sumner Pratt, 
Henry Goddard, 
A. G. Coes, 
T. P. Wheelock, 
D. S. Goddard. 



Secretaries, J. E. Tucker, William R. Hooper, D. A. Goddard. 

Mr. Knowlton, on taking the chair, expressed his entire 
sympathy with the purposes for which the meeting was held. 
It was the duty of the people to utter their convictions, and 
do all in their power to sustain the administration at the point 
it ought to occupy. His remarks were received with great 
applause. 

Rev. Merrill Richardson, in behalf of a committee, read 
the following resolutions, which were adopted at the close of 
the meeting without a dissenting voice. 

" Recognizing the hand of God in the affairs of nations, and believing 
He inspires men with zeal and makes them strong for action only in the 
cause of truth and justice : — 

And whereas, the slave power of this republic has armed for its de- 
struction, and thereby forfeited all claim to its protection ; 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 135 

And whereas, the conflict thus far has shown, what the leaders of the 
rebelh'on declared, that slavery was their strength, and with it they could 
not be conquered ; 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this meeting that the time has fully 
come for the government to proclaim liberty throughout all the land; to 
receive under its protection all slaves who shall come within our lines 
and to employ, tmder its pledge of freedojn, such of them as are ready, as 
scouts, or pilots, or spies, or soldiers, to aid in subduing the masters' 
rebellion. 

Resolved, That we unite our voice in the entreaty of the committees of 
the New York Chamber of Commerce and city council, and of the millions 
of loyal men in the nation, and of the friends of freedom in Europe, that 
the government shall prosecute this war with the utmost vigor, and with 
all the means God and nature have put into our hands." 

Repeated cheers were given for the New York Chamber 
of Commerce, for the Yale College alumni who adopted the 
principle of their resolutions at their meetings the same week, 
and for other bodies in sympathy. Mr. Richardson sus- 
tained the resolutions at length, and with great force. His 
remarks were responded to with enthusiasm by the immense 
audience. The applause was like the "voice of many waters." 
Hon. Amasa Walker, of North Brookfield, who fortunately 
was in the city, was called out, and spoke briefly and with 
energy. This was a slaveholders' rebellion. We must strike 
the slaveholders. The president was patriotic and firm in 
purpose, and only wanted an intelligent public sentiment on 
which he could rest. He urged the immediate organization 
of the whole militia force of the commonwealth. His suo-- 
gestions were applauded to the echo. Hon. William W. 
Rice was next brought forward, and began by making appro- 
priate reference to the first of August as the anniversary of 
British emancipation in the West Indies. The people ought 
to speak to the president to use every means in his power in 
carrying on the war, by emancipating, arming, or otherwise 
employing the four million bondmen to aid in subduing their 
rebel masters, when the great work might be easily and 
quickly done. Hon. Rejoice Newton appealed to the youno 
men to do their duty. He was born in the revolution, and 
could speak from personal knowledge of the great advanta^j-e 



136 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

accruing in after life to all who were engaged in that strug- 
gle. So would it be in the future. Those who engaged man- 
fully in the war for freedom would be held in esteem and 
honor, Mr. John McCombe was introduced as a young 
mechanic, and made an earnest plea in favor of the president's 
pursuing a right policy, by employing on our side the really 
loyal men in the slaveholding states who are longing to aid 
in putting down the rebellion of their masters. Dr. Hill in 
making the closing speech, reminded the young men of the 
high privilege afforded them of living and acting manfully in 
so important an era. The memory of noble deeds manfully 
done now, in the service of the country, would be forever 
cherished as among the holiest and most satisfactory recollec- 
tions of a lifetime. 

Mr. Osgood Collester sang : " We're coming Father Abra- 
ham, " &c., with good effect, which was followed with stirring 
cheers for " Father Abraham," and also for the " three hun- 
dred thousand more " who were " coming. " The ladies 
joined in the unanimous vote by which the resolutions were 
passed. 

A meeting to aid in forming a new military company was 
largely attended in Brinley Hall, on the fourth of August, 
and was very spirited. A committee was chosen to carry out 
the objects of the meeting. 

Colonel Calvin E. Pratt, formerly of this city, but at the 
time an officer in one of the New York regiments, being in 
town, was called into service, and addressed one of the 
largest meetings of the season in Mechanics Hall, on the 
ninth. Mayor Aldrich presiding. He was followed by Captain 
Cornelius G. Attwood and Major McCafferty. Spirited ad- 
dresses from men who bore the marks of hard fighting, were 
very effective. 

The Thirty-fourth Regiment was authorized by gene- 
ral orders, dated May 29, to be recruited from the five west- 
ern counties of the state, and by special orders dated June 3, 
Lieutenant-Colonel William S. Lincoln was ordered to open 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 1 37 

"Camp John E. Wool," on the Agricultural Grounds. The 
nucleus of the regiment went into camp on the sixteenth of 
June, as already stated. On the eleventh of July, George D. 
Wells, of Boston, then lieutenant-colonel of the First Mas- 
sachusetts Infantry, was commissioned as colonel. Cap- 
tain Henry Bowman of the Fifteenth, who had returned from 
prison in Richmond, received the appointment of major. 

A flag was presented to the regiment by the ladies of Wor- 
cester, on the eleventh, in a speech by Colonel Bullock. A 
brief passage is taken, as it bears on the subject which 
weighed heavily at the time on the hearts of all the freedom- 
loving people of the land. 

We hail the assurances that come from the capital, that the government 
and the people begin to think alike. The government is in earnest in the 
war. [The president had just called for a large addition to the troops, 
and was meditating the emancipation proclamation.] The government is 
resolved that henceforth whatever obstacles stand in the way of the unity 
of this people, whether they be batteries of cannon, or barricades of plan- 
tations, they must be and they shall be swept away. As slavery idealizes, 
vitalizes, intensifies the armies of the South, so let freedom idealize, vital- 
ize, intensify the armies of the North. (Cries of " that's the talk.") To re- 
nationalize the liberty of the Constitution I understand to be one of the 
inevitable accompaniments of this war." 

Colonel Wells made an appropriate response, and was fol- 
lowed by Judge Thomas Russell, who, in behalf of the Boston 
bar, presented a horse to the colonel, in one of his happy 
and forcible speeches. 

A new enrollment was made at this time, in consequence 
of the call of the president for more troops, and to guide in 
filling the ranks. 

On the fifteenth of August, the regiment being in full 
ranks, one thousand and fifteen strong, left Worcester with 
the profound sympathy not only of those who had personal 
friends in the companies, but of all the citizens. The fol- 
lowing were the 

Field and Staff Officers. 
Colonel, George D. Wells, 

Lieutenant-Colonel, William S. Lin'coln, 



138 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Major, Henry Bowman, 

Surgeon, Rowse R. Clarke, 

Assistant Surgeon, Cyrus B. Smith, 

„ „ William Thorxdike, 

Chaplain, Edwix B. Fairchild. 

Officers of the Line.* 
Captains, — Harrison W. Pratt, William C. Bacon, Dexter F. Parker, 
Alonzo D. Pratt, Henry P. Fox, Frank T. Leach, Alexis C. Soley. 

First Lieutenants, — Samuel F. Woods, John A. Lovell, George B. 
Macomber, Albert C. Walker, William L. Cobb. 

Seco7id Lieiitcjiants, — Levi Lincoln, Jr., Henry Bacon, George Good- 
rich, Malcolm Ammidown, John W. Stiles. 

The Third Battalion Rifles voted, on the sixteenth, to go to 
the war as nine months' militia. A spirited meeting was held 
at Sons of Temperance Hall, Mayor Aldrich in the chair, 
and John D. Baldwin, secretary. Speeches were made by 
Rev. Messrs. Higginson and Richardson. Mr. Higginson 
drilled the young soldiers. 

Another war meeting was held in Mechanics Hall on the 
twenty-second of August. Hon. J. S. C. Knowlton presided. 
Addresses were made by the chairman, Dr. Hill, John 
McCombe, a colored man named Jackson, T. W. Higginson 
and Rev. Mr. Souther. The meeting voted to recommend to 
the city council to offer a bounty of one hundred dollars to 
each volunteer under the last call, and passed the follow- 
ing resolution ; — 

'■'■Resolved, That God in his providence, has brought this nation to the 
'point where duty and inteiest combine in indicating emancipation as the 
only policy through which we can secure present victory and future 
peace." 

The city council subsequently offered a bounty of one hun- 
dred dollars to each volunteer to make up the quota of Wor- 
cester, and applied fifty thousand dollars for the purpose 
unanimously. 

Mr. J. S. Pinkham offered to reser\'e the places of all his 
clerks who would volunteer for nine months, and to give them 
each ten dollars a month while in the service. 

* Belonging to Worcester city or countj*. 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. 1 39 

On the twenty-seventh the merchants voted to close stores 
at three o'clock, p.m., until the first of September, and give 
attention to raising soldiers. In accordance with this arrange- 
ment, meetings were held from day to day, which were ad- 
dressed by Messrs. S. R. Heywood, M. Richardson, T. W. 
Higginson, Ivers Phillips, General Corcoran, Mayor Aldrich, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague, ( " pale and weak, but full of 
spirit," ) Colonel Bullock, Colonel Davis, and Private Hodg- 
kins. At one meeting the city council was advised to offer a 
bounty of one hundred and twenty-five dollars, and all agreed 
to keep the places of those in their employ open for them on 
their return. A schoolmistress offered five dollars each to 
the first five volunteers. 

The Thirty-sixth Regiment was recruited in this city, 
and placed under the command of Colonel Bowman, pre- 
viously captain in the Fifteenth, and major in the Thirty- 
fourth Regiment. On the twenty-second of August he was 
appointed colonel of the Thirty-sixth, and immediately pre- 
pared for departure. By the third day of September the 
regiment was in readiness to take the field. Colors were 
presented to the regiment by Mayor Aldrich in a pertinent 
speech. The colonel made a suitable reply, and the regiment 
left for Boston, with the hearty sympathy of the people. At 
Boston it embarked on board the steamer Merrimac, and 
arrived at Washington on the eleventh of the month, where 
it received orders to join General Burnside's army. The 
names of the field and staff, and also of the line officers be- 
longing to the county here follow. 

Colonel, Henry Bowman, 

Lieutenant-Colonel, John B. Norton, 
Major, James H. Barker, 

Surgeon, James P. Prince, 

Assistant Siirgcoti, Thomas C. Lanton, 

" " Warren Tyler, 

Chaplain, Charles T. Canfield, 

Assistant Surgeon, Albert H. Bryant. 
Captains, — William F. Draper, Arthur A. Goodell, Thaddeus L. 
Barker, Christopher Sawyer, Amos Buffum, S. Henry Bailey. 



I40 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

First Lieutenants, — Francis B. Rice, Otis W. Holmes, Joseph W. 
Gird, Austin Davis, Edwin A. Morse, Levi N. Smitli, George L. Cliip- 
man, Edward T. Raymond, T. Sibley Heald. 

Sccotid Lieutenants, — Augustus S. Tuttle, Henry W. Daniels, Julius 
M. Tucker, Henry S. Robinson, John C. Cutter, Edward A. Brown, 
Wilder S. Holbrook, William E. Shaw, Frederic A. Sibley, Joseph A 
Marshall. 

Camp Wool, under command of Colonel Ward, was occu- 
pied by the companies of Captains T. W. Higginson, John 
S. Baldwin, Wheeler and Kimball, on the fifteenth of Sep- 
tember. The evening witnessed another war meeting in the 
City Hall to aid in the filling up of the regiment, ex-Mayor 
Rice in the chair. The next day Captains Powers, Prouty, 
Wood and Stiles reported their companies. The colored peo- 
ple of the city engaged earnestly in enlisting for Gover- 
nor Sprague's Rhode-Island regiment. Presentations of war- 
like articles were made to Captain Higginson and Captain 
Baldwin, by their friends. 

The battle of Antietam had now been fought, one conse- 
quence of which was the Emancipation Proclamation of Presi- 
dent Lincoln. This great measure had been ardently desired 
by the citizens of Worcester, and it was received with lively 
demonstrations of joy, when it came on the twenty-third of 
September. The general feeling was expressed in a resolu- 
tion passed by the republican convention of the Eighth Con- 
gressional District, held in Worcester on the ninth of October, 
when the Hon. John D. Baldwin was nominated for Congress. 
This was the resolution : — 

" Resolved, That this convention cordially support the president of the 
United States, and all branches of the federal government, in their efforts 
to perpetuate the unity of the republic, and to crush this unhallowed 
rebellion, the success of which would destroy for centuries to come, peace 
and prosperity upon the North-American continent, and hopes of liberty 
in the world ; and that while we have ever recognized the firmness, 
moderation, patience and wisdom of Abraham Lincoln in so many other 
measures of his administration, we especially commemorate, with thanks- 
giving to God, the great act of statesmanship and military policy, as well 
as of justice and humanity, by which four millions of slaves will speedily 
be converted into free men ; a measure which makes the doom of slavery 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. I4I 

inevitable, and assures the loyal people of the United States that the infa- 
mous institution from which all our woes have sprung, will perish with the 
rebellion of which it was the only cause." 

On the thirteenth of October it was announced in the Spy 
that the quota of Worcester was more than full. Mr. Smith, 
the city clerk, by indefatigable search, had found more than 
one hundred and thirty names of men belonging here who 
were in regiments of other states ; for which service he 
received the thanks of the city through the city authorities. 

An immense meeting was held in Mechanics Hall, on the 
seventeenth, to hear Hon. Charles Sumner on the topics of 
the hour. Hon. A. H. Bullock presided, with a hundred vice- 
presidents selected from the most prominent names of the 
city and vicinity. Mr. Sumner spoke nearly two hours, indi- 
cating the policy of freedom, and " was listened to with pro- 
found and earnest attention. The meeting was a triumph. 
Nothing like it had been seen in Worcester for many years. 
No one could doubt the strength of the popular faith in 
Charles Sumner." 

Another great meeting was held on the last day of October, 
with Mayor Aldrich in the chair, supported by one hundred 
vice-presidents. The Hon. A. H, Bullock gave one of 
his ablest addresses, which was received with much enthu- 
siasm. The following is the closing paragraph of a speech 
strong in thought, and ablaze with patriotic fire. 

" Our armies are about to march in new force upon the rebellion, and 
they should be supported by the unchangeable devotion of the people. 
The door of peace now lies open only through earnest war culminating in 
victory, or through separation, submission and humiliation such as no 
people since the world began has been called to taste. War, then, ear- 
nest, blazing war, should be the universal impulse, the universal judgment. 
Standing as we do between our own living and dead, between reverse and 
victory, with certain victory and certain glory before us, if we firmly up- 
hold the government, not a ripple in the forest should whisper peace, not 
a ripple on the farthest shore." 

The Fifty-first Regiment had been gathering itself to- 
gether in the months of autumn, and was about ready to 
leave on its nine months' mission of duty. On the twenty- 



142 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

fourth of November a flag was presented to it by five little 
girls representing the ladies of Worcester. Colonel Sprague 
in receiving it, said the ladies of Worcester had entrusted to 
their care this beautiful flag fresh from the hands of innocence 
and purity, and it was not unv/orthily bestowed. He then 
called for cheers for the stars and strips, and cheers for the 
ladies, which were heartily given. The next day the regi- 
ment left for Boston. The streets were thronged with people 
who felt the deepest personal and patriotic interest in its wel- 
fare. At Boston the regiment embarked on board transports 
and proceeded to Newbern, N. C, with orders to report to 
Major-General Foster. The Fifty-first was a Worcester- 
county regiment, and was recruited at Camp Wool, under 
command of Colonel Ward. Lieutenant-Colonel A. B. R. 
Sprague was chosen colonel, having seen service in the Third 
Battalion, and as lieutenant-colonel in the Twenty-fifth, and 
having distinguished himself at Roanoke Island and Newbern. 

Field and Staff Officers of the Fifty-first Regiment. 
Colonel, Augustus B. R. Sprague, 

Lieutenant-Colonel, John M. Studley, 
Major, . Elijah A. Harkness, 

Adjutant, J. Stewart Brown, 

Quarter-master, Benjamin D. Dwinnell, 

Surgeon, George Jewett, 

Assistant-Surgeon, I. Homer Darling, 

" " Paul C. Garvin, 

Chaplain, Gilbert Cummings. 

Officers of the Line. 
Captains, — John S. Baldwin, Edwin A. Wood, William F.Wheeler, 
Thomas D. Kimball, William Hunt, Daniel W. Kimball, Horace Hobbs, 
George Bascom, George W. Prouty. 

First Lieutenants, — John B. Goodell, Charles H. Peck, John W. 
Sanderson, Charles P. Winslow, Charles Otis Storrs, Alorcena B. White, 
Harrison T. Bradish, Joel H. Howe, Francis W. Adams, Luther 
Capron, Jr. 

Seco7id Lieutenants, — Luther H. Bigelow, Samuel S. Eddy, Calvin N. 
Harrington, George F. Jourdain, Silas S. Joy, Jacob M. Baker, Horace 
N. Coleman, George W. Dodd, Joel H. Prouty, Lucius M. Thayer. 

Thus had Worcester sent forth more than her quota, to 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. I43 

suffer, to fight, and if need be, to die in the " high places of 
the field." Soldiers in six regiments, in large numbers, were 
her representatives in different parts of the land. Three of 
these regiments had been sent forward in the second half of 
the year. Some of her brave sons had fallen, but others had 
sprung to fill their place. With sadness, yet with thanks- 
giving, the citizens were drawing near the close of the season, 
and the annual festival of gratitude was felt to be opportune 
in view of the blessings vouchsafed by a beneficent provi- 
dence. 

Thursday, November 28, was the day designated by the 
governor for the annual Thanksgiving. The day was sol- 
emnly and cheerfully observed, in the sanctuary and at home. 
The only sermon reported in the papers, was that of Mr. 
Richardson, of the Salem-Street Church. He answered the 
question : " What constitutes a strong government > " Pass- 
ing by the substance of the discourse, the closing paragraph 
may be taken as expressive of the feeling which found utter- 
ance in all our pulpits on that sacred day. " Around the fes- 
tive boards to-day, how many thousand tearful eyes will turn 
to vacancies that will no more be filled ! And to others, with 
hope, not unmingled with fear! The dead shall be held in 
grateful remembrance ; the absent remembered in expres- 
sions of love. Before another Thanksgiving, may this war 
be ended, our friends returned, and peace with its voice of 
gladness, be heard throughout the land ; the nation made 
one in its love of freedon, strong in all the elements of a 
great people, — to inherit the land forever, according to God's 
promise to every righteous nation." 

The following " Army Hymn," written by Dr. O. W. 
Holmes, will be pleasantly remembered by many, as having 
been the prayer of their hearts in the days of sacrifice and 
heroic devotion. 



" God of all nations, Sovereign Lord, 
In thy dread name we draw the sword, 
We lift the starry flag on high, 
That fills with light our stormy sky. 



144 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Wake in our breasts the living fires, 
The holy faith that warmed our sires : 
Thy hand hath made our nation free ; 
To die for her is serving thee. 

From blasts that chill, from suns that smite, 
From every plague that harms, 
In camp, and march, in siege and fight. 
Protect our men at arms." 

Uncommon interest attended the annual election on the 
fifth of November. The issues were both personal and 
national. The election of members to the legislature turned 
on the question of United-States senator, in place of Hon. 
Charles Sumner. But Mr. Sumner's election was a matter 
of national concern, because that would be an endorsement of 
the president's policy of emancipation. Governor Andrew 
was re-elected by a large majority. The legislature was 
almost unanimously republican, and friendly to Mr. Sumner. 
Hon. Hartley Williams of this city, was again sent to the 
Senate. Hon. A. H. Bullock, and Rev. Mr. Souther, were 
re-elected to the House of Representatives. The following 
were sent as new members, viz., Messrs. Warren, Williams, 
Vernon Ladd, and E. G. Warren. All except Mr. Ladd were 
republicans. At the same time, the Hon. John D. Baldwin 
was elected representative of the eighth district in the Con- 
gress of the United States, by a large majority. 

The lines which follow bear the signature of " Stella." 
They were printed in the Palladmni of November 6, 1862, 
and are republished here because they finely express the 
feelings which filled the hearts of many mothers at that time, 
whose sons had been sent forth in " blue and gold." 

"BLUE AND GOLD." 
She has written a mighty poem, 

And 'tis published in " blue and gold j " 
And the shelf of books is not complete 

That does not its treasures unfold. 

Men talk of the wonderful genius 

That produced this powerful book ; 
And their praise rings loud through the nation. 

Not a line do they overlook. 



SECOND YEAR OF THE WAR AT HOME. I45 

And / have published jny poem, 

And 'tis gone out in " blue and gold," 
With others, oh, so many thousands, 

Their number can never be told. 

'Twas filled with my heart's aspirations ; 

'Twas wet with a fond mother's tears ; 
But I let it go for my country, 

And I try to stifle my fears. 

I pray to God in the morning, 

To still keep its pages fair, 
And He answers me with a promise 

To preserve it in His own care. 

And thus has my cherished poem 

Gone into the wide world so cold ; 
And none but the Father of Mercies 

Can shelter viy " blue and gold." 



10 



146 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 

The whole country had been rapidly learning during the 
year 1861. The South, which entered into the rebellion with 
the hope that the government would be revolutionized, and 
made completely and forever subservient to slavery, without 
much resistance from the North, was rudely awakened from 
that vain dream. The North, which expected to subdue the 
rebellion in " sixty days, " or in a few months' warfare, at 
most, found itself engaged in a terrible war, the end of which 
could not be foreseen. On the whole, however, the advan- 
tage was on the side of the loyal section, though it had met 
with severe and mortifying defeats. The South was forced 
to admit the fact that independence or revolution was to be 
achieved only after an exhausting contest. Leaders and peo- 
ple had learned that the people of the North would rally 
almost as one man, to maintain the unity and integrity of the 
government, and they began to foresee that slavery would be 
overthrown as the result of the war. 

The North, though defeated at Bull Run, and filled with 
shame, was made the more determined by that disastrous 
fight, to carry on the conflict. The affair at Ball's Bluff re- 
vealed the cool daring and heroic spirit of the loyal troops. 
Maryland had been held in check, and Washington, which at 
one time was in imminent peril, had been kept from the pos- 
session of the enemy. McClellan and Rosecrans had run a 
brilliant career in West Virginia, and in the West. Lyon 
had saved St. Louis, and by his discretion, courage and light- 
ning-like swiftness, had bafiied the conspirators in Missouri, 
while Fremont had organized a campaign promising grand 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. I47 

results, and Grant had given the country a taste of his quahty 
at Belmont. 

At the beginning of 1862, Massachusetts had her full quota 
in the field. The three regiments from Worcester and its 
vicinity, were considered among the best in the service. The 
quality of one of these had already been tried, and proved to 
be true as steel. The others were ready for whatever fate 
might befall them while upholding the government. It is the 
design of this chapter to give a history of these three regi- 
ments, and of the other three that were organized in the 
course of the year. Convenience will be consulted by divi- 
ding the chapter into sections. 

Section I. — The Fifteenth Regiment. 
This regiment remained at Poolsville until the twenty-fifth 
of February. According to the official report of the regi- 
ment, " Nothing worthy of note occurred after the battle. " 
During the fall and winter many recruits were received from 
the state, raising the aggregate to nine hundred and three, on 
the twenty-fourth. Two days later the regiment reached 
Adamstown, whence the troops were taken by rail to Harper's 
Ferry. Here they were quartered till March 2, when, one 
company being left on provost-guard duty, they marched to 
Bolivar Heights. On the seventh, the line of march was taken 
up to Charlestown ; and on the tenth, to Berryville, thirteen 
miles farther up the valley of the Shenandoah. Here traces 
of the enemy were discovered, and their cavalry were driven 
from the town by our advance. " One company, deployed 
as skirmishers, exchanged shots with the enemy, " but 
incurred no loss. On the fifteenth, the regiment was back 
again on the heights at Bolivar, where it remained a week, 
waiting for orders. The troops left Harper's Ferry for 
Washington, by rail, on the twenty-second, and arrived late 
at night. They were quartered in barracks near the Capitol. 
The next day but one they were in Alexandria, where, five 
days later, amid cold and storm, they embarked on board 
transport steamers, and sailed for Hampton, Virginia. 



148 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The regiment went into camp near Hampton on the first 
day of April, where it remained three days. On the fourth, 
the march commenced up the Peninsula. The first halt was 
at Big Bethel, the second at an estate of a Mr. Bowers, which 
was named " Camp Misery," a " name," says Colonel Kimball, 
" entirely in keeping with the condition of the camp, which by 
a long rain storm was made truly miserable." From this 
place to Yorktown the progress was slow, as the enemy was 
in force and strongly entrenched. The soldiers were obliged 
to fell trees and make roads for the artillery and the trains. 
On the eleventh the regiment was moved forward to within 
a mile of the enemy's works ; and soon still nearer, where a 
permanent camp named after General Scott was established. 
Picket duty, supporting the artillery, raising earthworks, etc., 
kept the soldiers actively engaged until the evacuation of 
Yorktown. But one casualty occurred, — Lieutenant Hall 
was wounded by a piece of shell, — though the regiment was 
often under artillery fire. During this siege the company of 
Andrew Sharpshooters, under Captain John Saunders, was 
attached to the regiment, and Colonel Devens took his leave, 
with the good will and admiration of all his command, hav- 
ing been appointed brigadier-general. As Colonel Ward was 
still prevented from taking the field, owing to the loss of his 
leg at Ball's Bluff", Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball immediately 
assumed command. 

On the fourth of May the enemy evacuated Yorktown, 
and the Fifteenth was one of the first regiments to enter the 
fortifications. On the sixth, the troops embarked for West 
Point, and arrived there early next morning, in time to rein- 
force General Franklin who was engaged with the enemy ; but 
they were not called into action, and suffered no loss. On 
the ninth, they encamped on a plantation known as " Camp 
Eltham." Preparations were now made for the march 
towards Richmond, and on the fifteenth, they reached Aus- 
tin's Church, where foul weather and muddy roads detained 
them until the eighteenth, when they moved three miles 
towards the now famous Chickahominy River, and encamped 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. I49 

in a large field of grain near Mayo's Iiouse. Tiiey were near 
Bottom's Bridge on the twenty-first of May. The heat was 
intense, and for "want of proper rest, many of the men fell 
out from the ranks in an exhausted condition. Some were 
affected with sun-stroke, but none died in consequence." 
The time had now come for the stern encounter of battle. 
The story shall be told in the words of the gallant officer in 
command, Colonel Kimball. 

"Early in the afternoon of May 31, rapid and heavy firing was heard, 
distinctly heard, from across the river. The troops under General Sum- 
ner, including the Fifteenth Regiment, were immediately under arms, and 
marched to the assistance of General Casey. Crossing the river on a 
bridge of logs, called Sumner's Grapevine Bridge, the column advanced 
about two miles, and formed near Fair Oaks Station, in anticipation of an 
attack. The regiment had barely time to load before the battle, which 
raged fiercely until after dark, began. The first position taken by the 
Fifteenth Regiment was in support of a battery of light artillery, com- 
manded by Lieutenant Kirby of the regular service, which was playing 
with great effect on the concealed enemy. This position was trying to 
the men, in the extreme ; as but a small portion were engaged, the balance 
could only stand firmly before the storm of bullets, to resist the charge, 
should one be attempted. Three times did the foe, flushed with the vic- 
tory of the morning, and confident of success, rush upon the battery 
almost to the cannon's mouth, but each time were driven back in disorder, 
leaving many brave men within a few yards of our bayonets. Before they 
could rally from this terrible fire of canister and musketry, a charge upon 
them was ordered. With wild shouts and cheers, the unwavering line ad- 
vanced into the almost impenetrable thicket, but the enemy had fled ; 
their dead and wounded alone were left, the evidences of a glorious vic- 
tory. That night the troops rested upon their arms, on the battle-field, 
the horrors of which were made doubly revolting by the unceasing groans 
of the wounded." 

In the battle of Fair Oaks, above referred to, the regiment 
met with a loss of five* killed and seventeen wounded. The 
battle-field became a permanent camp, where behind a breast- 
work of logs the regiment awaited the enemy many weary 
days, through the month of June, expecting an attack, night 
and day. The duty was severe, including slashing timber, 
building fortifications, fatigue and picket duty ; the men at 
the same time engaging in skirmishes which were frequent, 



150 WORCESTER IX THE WAR. 

and suffering much from sickness incidental to the climate. 
Some died, and many were sent to general hospitals. June 
28 and 29, the regiment was under fire, moving from one 
position to another in support of troops engaged, but no 
serious casualties occurred. Throughout the entire day, the 
troops were kept busily at work, destroying ordnance stores 
prior to abandoning the post, and when that work was done, 
they awaited the approach of other bodies of our army slowly 
falling back from Fair Oaks. At Savage Station, on the 
evening of the same day, occurred a severe fight in which the 
Fifteenth was engaged, and played an important part, after 
which the troops were withdrawn, and the retreat continued 
to WTiite Oak Swamp or Glen Dale. The march during the 
night was very exhausting, and a few of the men falling out 
of the ranks were captured, but were soon paroled and ex- 
changed. In regard to this movement. General Sully, com- 
mander of the brigade, says : " Here again," — that is on the 
other side of White Oak Swamp, — " we rested to allow the 
wagon trains and artillery to get out of the way. The enemy 
were soon upon us again, and we were in the battle of White 
Oak Swamp. While this fight was going on, some corps of 
our army in the rear and left were driven back by the enemy, 
and we had to come back about a mile to their relief at 
double-quick ; and took part in the battle of Nelson's farm. 
Here we succeeded in checking the enemy and keeping him 
in check, till night would allow us to withdraw and take up 
our line of march." The regiment was not in the battle of 
Alalvern Hill, on the first of July, though exposed at times to 
artillery fire. The army reached Harrison's Landing on the 
second of July, and the Fifteenth Regiment, with its com- 
peers, found a place of safety under cover of the gunboats. 
The soldiers were worn out " by the unceasing fighting and 
marching of the week." In reference to these battles and 
marches. General Sully says : " The Fifteenth was under my 
immediate command, and I can testify to their gallant con- 
duct in battle, and the cheerfulness with which they endured 
the extraordinarv fatisrue." 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. I5I 

The regiment was now out of the reach of the enemy, but 
the severe heat was trying to our men. Recurring to the 
battle of the thirty-first of May, and to that period in it when 
a charge was ordered, Colonel Kimball writes as follows : — 

" My orders were promptly obeyed, the men charging bayonets into the 
woods with a terrible yell. I established my line near the edge of the 
wood, throwing out pickets to the front. The men rested upon their arms 
until morning without sleep, ready and anxious to renew the conflict at 
daybreak if necessary. I desire to remark that my regiment behaved with 
great coolness and bravery during the entire action, obeying my orders as 
promptly as at dress parade. There was no one, officer or private, that 
showed any signs of trepidation or fear, but instead, a fixed determination 
of all that their bayonets should drink deep of rebel blood before they 
should take the battery, which they attempted to do three several times, 
but were repulsed each time with great loss. It gives me great pleasure 
to speak approvingly of tlie conduct of Major Philbrick, and also of my 
entire staff. Surgeons Bates and Haven were indefatigable in their 
attendance upon the wounded. Chaplain Scandlin labored incessantly, 
bringing the wounded from the field, often exposing himself to imminent 
danger by so doing. Too much praise cannot be awarded to Adjutant 
Baldwin, who got up from a sick bed against my express wishes, to render 
me what service he could. He was scarcely able to sit upon his horse, 
but he remained with me during the entire battle, conveying my orders 
with great promptness and precision." 

He also says of the line officers, that " their behavior, with- 
out exception, during this engagement, met with his entire 
approbation." In relation to this period of service, the follow- 
ing extract of a private letter from General Gorman to 
Governor Andrew is in place. 

" Now that the smoke of the battle-field has cleared away, I cannot for- 
bear taking the opportunity to testify to the gallant, soldierly conduct of 
the Fifteenth Regiment of your troops in our late contest — the bloodiest 
of the war. It was their fortune to be participants in a real, not imagin- 
ary bayonet charge made upon the most intrepid and daring of the rebel 
forces, at a critical moment for our cause. Most nobly and gallantly did 
they honor themselves and their gallant state, and most proudly may she 
feel over them. With such troops in the field, we are invincible, and the 
result of this conflict with an unholy rebellion cannot be doubtful." 

The testimony of Major-General Sedgwick, that accom- 
plished officer whose good opinion is fame, is similar. After 



152 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

speaking of the service and endurance in the peninsular cam- 
paign, he says of several officers, including Colonel Kimball, 
" Great credit is due to these officers for the splendid condi- 
tion in which their regiments took the field. The Fifteenth 
and Nineteenth are in my opinion, fully equal to any two in 
the service." In like manner, General Howard, whose record 
is a track of light, says : " The Fifteenth — and others — are 
regiments that your state and our country have reason to be 
proud of. They have won my complete confidence. I have 
found them well disciplined, with arms in good order, efficient 
on outpost duty, steady and perfectly reliable in action. For 
myself, I state it with perfect sincerity, I ask no better 
troops." 

To resume the narrative, in the various battles occurring in 
the retreat to Harrison's Landing, the regiment lost eleven 
wounded and twenty-six missing. Passing the hot month of 
July, during which the soldiers rested, as much as possible, a 
reconnoisance was made on the fourth of August, but with 
no serious result. Without detailing the various moves in 
leaving the James River for Alexandria, it is enough to say 
that the regiment left Newport News, whither it had 
marched between the fifteenth and twenty-second of August, 
in the steamer Mississippi, and arrived on the twenty-eighth, 
where it disembarked, and the next day left for Chain Bridge. 
By this time the tug of war was near Washington, where Gen- 
eral Pope was striving to hold back the rebel hordes under 
General Lee. " The distant booming of cannon," says Colonel 
Kimball, "told that a battle was raging, and an order requiring 
the division to march immediately to Centerville, was re- 
ceived at sunset, August 29. " The troops were weary, but 
there was no rest for them ; rather, a "forced march of almost 
the entire night, and a portion of the next day." They 
reached Centerville in time to assist in covering the back- 
ward movement of our army towards Washington. 

Several days were consumed in marching hither and 
thither, on either side of the Potomac, till the regiment 
reached the city of Frederic. On the fourteenth of Septem- 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD, 1 53 

ber they left Frederic, and reached South Mountain Pass on 
the night of the battle at that place, where our forces had 
driven the enemy. General McClellan was again in com- 
mand, and the day of Antietam was near at hand. On the 
morning of the seventeenth, the battle was commenced, and 
at nine o'clock General Sumner's corps was ordered to the 
front, to follow up successes already obtained by General 
Hooker's troops. The story will be continued in the words of 
Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball. 

" A section of the enemy's artillery was planted immediately in front 
and not more than six hundred yards distant from my right wing. This 
was twice silenced and driven back by the fire of my right concentrated 
upon it. The engagement lasted between twenty and thirty minutes, my 
line remaining unbroken, the left wing advancing some ten yards under a 
most terrific fire of infantry. [At this time-occurred one of those blunders 
not uncommon in battle, by which the regiment was exposed to a murder- 
ous fire from a New-York regiment. This was remedied by General 
Sumner after our men had suffered severely.] The enemy soon ap- 
peared in heavy columns advancing on my left and rear, iDouring in 
a deadly fire on my left wing. We retired slowly and in good or- 
der, brino-ing off our colors and a battle-flag captured from the enemy, 
re-forminf' by the order of General Gorman in a piece of woods some 
five hundred yards to the rear, and under cover of our artillery. 
This position was held until I was ordered to support a battery, planted 
upon the brow of a hill immediately in our rear, the enemy having opened 
ao-ain with artillery. This fire being silenced, the posi-tion was held 
throughout the day." 

The commander goes on to commend his officers and men 
in the highest terms of praise. The order " forbidding the 
carrying wounded men to the rear was fulfilled to the very 
letter." The line officers were all at their posts, bravely 
urging on their men, and equally exposed with them. Those 
who were wounded, refused all assistance, ordering their men 
to return to the rank and do their duty. Major Philbrick and 
Adjutant Hooper deserved special mention for coolness and 
promptitude. 

In another report, Colonel Kimball has these words : 

" It has been the subject of much remark, that troops never went into 
battle more cheerfully than did ours that morning, so confident were all that 



154 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the sliattered enemy would be driven ere night across the river. , . . The 
Fifteenth was repulsed in common with all other regiments attached to the 
division. In the history of our state we claim to be mentioned as having 
fought a good fight, as an evidence of wliich we ask only that the list of 
casualties occurring in the regiment that day may always be coupled with 
the report of the commanding officer. The record stands thus : twenty- 
four officers and five hundred and eighty-two non-commissioned officers 
and privates went into the fight ; five officers were killed, six were 
wounded, one of which number has since died ; sixty enlisted men left 
dead on the field ; two hundred and forty-eight wounded ; twenty-four 
missing ; total, three hundred and forty-three killed, wounded, and miss- 
ing. The national and state colors, hardly to be recognized as the same 
once so bright and beautiful, were brought off in safety by other hands 
than those who bore them into the fight, together with a battle-flag of 
the enemy." 

The former commander of the Fifteenth, General Devens, 
was greatly affected with the fate of this gallant regiment. 
He said of it, in October, that " its colors have now waved in 
eight battles, its officers and soldiers havq fallen about them 
by hundreds. Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball is one of the 
bravest, truest, kindest men God ever made in his own 
image." And in his official report to Governor Andrew, 
dated December 20, 1862, he refers again to his old regiment 
in terms of admiration. After stating that he had been re- 
moved from its command, by promotion, during the siege of 
Yorktown, he goes on in these words : " Since that time it 
has participated in all the important battles of Virginia and 
Maryland, and on all occasions it has behaved with the most 
distinguished gallantry and determination. Called upon both 
at Ball's Bluff' and at Antietam, to endure the terrific loss of 
more than one half of its men engaged, it exhibited a courage 
and fidelity more than worthy of veteran troops, for it was 
worthy of the holy cause which had drawn its men from their 
peaceful homes. " 

In closing the account of the part acted by his regiment at 
Antietam, Colonel Kimball says that almost all the wounded 
were found in and about a barn near the field, where, as 
well cared-for by the enemy as circumstances would permit, 
they impatiently awaited our arrival. The robbed and disfig- 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 1 55 

ured bodies of our noble dead were laid by kind hands in 
the humble graves hastily dug and prepared for their recep- 
tion. 

After the battle of Antietam, the Fifteenth was engaged in 
fatiguing service in the Shenandoah valley, and afterwards, in 
November and December, in North-eastern Virginia, under 
Major-General Burnside, now the commander of the Army of 
the Potomac. It bore a part in the battle of Fredericksburg, 
which was fought on the twelfth of December ; but in all 
these marches and actions, sustained but little loss. It went 
into winter quarters at Falmouth about the twentieth of De- 
cember, and thus its record for the year 1862 was made up. 
The losses in battle have already been given, though many of 
the wounded afterwards died. In the course of the year 
three hundred and ninety-one recruits had been received from 
the state, one hundred and forty-six enlisted men had been 
discharged for disability ; forty-two had died of disease ; and 
forty-eight had deserted. Upon the rolls, on the tenth of 
November, were the names of twenty-seven officers, seven 
hundred and ninety-six enlisted men, — present and absent. 
Of this number, only fifteen officers and three hundred and 
forty-eight men were in the field. The following officers were 
either killed in battle, or had died of wounds received in bat- 
tle, or in the service, viz: Surgeon Samuel Foster Haven, 
Jr. ; Captains Moses W. Getchell, Clark B. Simonds, and 
Richard Derby ; First Lieutenants Nelson Bartholomew, 
Thomas J. Spurr, and Frank S. Corbin, and Second Lieu- 
tenant John William Grout, 

Section II. — The Twenty-first Regiment. 
We left this regiment on the twenty-third of August, 1861, 
on the way to New York. It proceeded directly to Balti- 
more, where it arrived on the second day, and went into camp 
at Patterson Park. On the twenty-ninth it proceeded to 
Annapolis, leaving four companies at Annapolis Junction, to 
protect the railroad, and prevent contraband goods from pass- 
ing from Baltimore into Virginia. All the companies were 



156 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

brought together again on the eighteenth, at Annapolis, the 
regiment having been selected to go on the Burnside expedi- 
tion, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Maggi, Colo- 
nel Morse, by order of Gen. Dix, being left commandant of the 
fort at the capital of Maryland. The regiment embarked 
nine hundred and thirty-seven men on board the steamer 
"Northerner," on the sixth of January, 1862. Up to this 
time it had been perfecting itself in discipline and drill. It 
was now about to show the results of its training. 

The troops were on board the steamer a " stormy and dis- 
tressing month," most of the time, at Cape Hatteras. The 
men were remarkably free from disease, though four died of 
typhoid fever while on ship-board. On the seventh of Feb- 
ruary, late in the day, the regiment was disembarked to assist 
in taking possession of Roanoke Island. The conduct of our 
troops shall be reported in the words of Major Theodore S. 
Foster. 

" To the Twenty-first was assigned the honor of doing picket duty for 
the division that night ; this dangerous duty was well performed, with the 
loss of one man, severely wounded by the enemy. The regiment was 
remarkably cool in the battle of the next day. The action commenced 
early in the morning, by an attack upon a rebel battery, strongly sup- 
ported, and well covered by the enemy's skirmishers. The Twenty-first, 
gallantly and skillfully led by Lieutenant-Colonel Maggi, worked their 
way, under the enemy's fire, through a deep swamp full of dense under- 
brush and briers, which protected the right flank of the battery, and was 
considered by the enemy as impassable. Having flanked the position, the 
regiment made a brave, steady charge with the bayonet, driving the 
enemy from their works, and capturing the rebel flag which was on their 
battery, they planted in its place their regimental state flag, which was the 
first Union flag in the battery. The loss of the regiment was, commis- 
sioned officers, two wounded. Captain T. S. Foster, and Lieutenant 
Frazer A. Stearns ; enlisted men, five killed, and fifty wounded, eight of 
them mortally, who died soon after. Total, fifty-seven." 

In connection with the battle occurred an incident which 
must find a place here. The day before the action. Lieuten- 
ant Frank Reno told Lieutenant-Colonel Maggi he would 
present a flag to the company of the Second Brigade who 
would fight most bravely. The day after the battle he gave 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 1 5/ 

it to the colonel commanding, for the company which had 
fought best in the Twenty-first Regiment. The officers 
of the Twenty-first held a meeting and decided that the flag 
should be given to the captain of Co. D, with this inscription 
upon its folds : " The officers of the Twenty-first Regiment, 
M. Y. to the brave Captain T. S. Foster, of Co. D." 

After the capture . of Roanoke Island, the regiment en- 
camped in " Camp Burnside." While there, on the fourth of 
March, Lieutenant-Colonel Maggi resigned, and Major W. S. 
Clark became lieutenant-colonel, and assumed command of 
the regiment. 

On the eleventh, the regiment resumed its old quarters, on 
board the " Northerner," and steered for Newbern, where on 
the fourteenth a battle was fought, and the rebels were over- 
come. In this contest the regiment took a prominent part : 
" Its right wing pierced the center of the enemy's entrench- 
ments, and captured a battery of light artillery by a bayonet- 
charge — the first guns taken that day; while the left wing 
steadily, and with success, engaged the enemy, strongly 
posted in rifle-pits, taking a number of prisoners." 

The official reports of this action spoke in high praise of 
our regiment, and General Burnside marked his sense of the 
merits of our troops by presenting to them the first gun taken 
by them from the enemy, — a brass field-piece — "as a mon- 
ument to the memory of a brave man," referring to Frazer 
A. Stearns, (son of President Stearns of Amherst College,) 
who was killed early in the action. The loss in commissioned 
officers, was one killed, Lieutenant Stearns ; two wounded, 
Captain J. D. Frazer, and Second Lieutenant H. Aldrich. 
In enlisted men, nineteen killed, thirty-five wounded, four of 
them mortally. Total, fifty-seven. 

After a month passed in " Camp Andrew " at Newbern, 
the regiment, on the seventeenth of April, embarked the third 
time on board the " Northerner," and landing on the second 
day at day-break, after a " distressing forced march " of nearly 
twenty miles, engaged in the battle of Camden. The loss 
in this action was one man killed, and fourteen wounded, 



158 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

three of them mortally. One was taken prisoner. In twenty- 
four hours from the time they left the boat, the regiment 
had marched above twenty miles, and fought with credit. 

The last service of the regiment in North Carolina, was a 
forced march, begun at four o'clock on the morning of May 
17, to Pollockville, to rescue a Maryland regiment supposed 
to be surrounded by an overpowering force of rebels. The 
march of eleven miles had been made with great rapidity, 
through deep, sticky mud, when the Marylanders were found 
to be safe. They were however half famished, and the kind- 
ness of our men in providing hot coffee and furnishing food 
out of their own rations, called out the earnest gratitude of 
the recipients. 

The regiment left North Carolina in two steamers, the 
" Scout " and the " Farrington," on the sixth of July, and 
after stopping a few weeks at " Camp Lincoln " near New- 
port News, took the steamers " Nantasket " and " Highland 
Light " on the second of August, and on the fourth landed 
at Acquia Creek, Virginia. On the twelfth, leaving tents and 
baggage, the regiment started for the Rapidan, as a part of 
General Reno's Ninth Army Corps, in the army of General 
Pope. During Pope's retreat before Lee, the troops suffered 
severely, as is always the case in withdrawing before a vigi- 
lant enemy, especially when acting as a rear-guard. For three 
weeks, without shelter, often wanting food, and making ex- 
hausting marches, the regiment did "yoemen's duty" with 
unflinching constancy. 

In the battle of " Bull Run, No. 2," on the thirtieth of Au- 
gust, the regiment maintained its well-earned reputation. 
" When everything on the left seemed lost, they, under the 
guidance of the brave and skillful Reno, stopped the enemy in 
the moment of victory, and prevented them from realizing its 
fruits." Though they inflicted much damage upon the 
enemy, their own loss was small, owing to the favorable 
nature of their position. The wounded and missing in this 
action, were nine privates. 

The Twenty-first was also in the battle of Chantilly on the 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 1 59 

first of September. Their loss was very severe. Says the 
report of the commanding officer: — 

" Ordered into action just as night was coming on, in a severe thunder- 
storm, to fight an enemy of whose numbers and position no one seemed 
to be aware, they fell into an ambuscade of the rebel regiments. Though 
somewhat thrown into confusion by the fearful slaughter inflicted upon 
them by the first volley from their concealed foes, the regiment held its 
ground. The rain soon made most of the guns on both sides unservice- 
able, but the Twenty-first were not afraid to rely on the bayonet, which in 
many instances, was used by both parties, till by the timely arrival of 
reinforcements, the enemy was driven from the field, with the loss of 
many killed, wounded and prisoners. About midnight after the battle, 
the baggage trains being in safety, the Union forces were drawn back to 
Fairfax Court House, and we were compelled to leave most of our seri- 
ously wounded to be taken prisoners by the enemy, as well as several 
men who were engaged in bringing them from the field, and assisting the 
surgeons. The losses in this battle were, commissioned officers, three 
killed, viz., Lieutenant-Colonel J. P. Rice ; First Lieutenant F. A. Bemis, 
and Second Lieutenant W. B. Hill ; mortally wounded and died soon after 
the action, three, viz.. Captains J. D. Frazer and L J. Kelton, and First 
Lieutenant H. A. Beckwith ; wounded and prisoners, two, viz., First Lieu- 
tenant W. H. Clark, and Second Lieutenant S. McCabe ; prisoners, Cap- 
tain George P. Hawkes, Acting ]\Iajor, Adjutant W. Willard, and Second 
Lieutenant G. C. Parker. Total officers eleven. Enlisted men killed, 
twent3--two ; mortally wounded and died soon after, eight ; wounded and 
prisoners, twenty-four ; wounded, forty-five ; prisoners, thirty-four. Total 
killed and wounded in the action, one hundred and seven ; prisoners, not 
wounded, thirt3'-seven. Aggregate, one hundred and forty-four." 

Througli Alexandria, through Washington, through part of 
Maryland, the regiment marched as a part of the army of Gen- 
eral McClellan, who was again in command. In the battle of 
South Mountain they lost five men wounded. Then came the 
fiercely contested battle of Antietam, on the seventeenth of 
September, in which the regiment " shed their full proportion 
of the blood which christened that day as ' bloody Wednes- 
day,' as part of the left wing of the army. The brigade to 
which they belonged charged across the bridge over the 
Antietam, and held their ground upon the other bank for 
more than an hour of the time without ammunition, against 
an attacking force far superior in numbers." 



l60 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The regiment entered the battle only one hundred and fifty 
strong, two of the companies being absent, and its loss was 
very severe. Second Lieutenant H. C. Holbrook was killed ; 
Second Lieutenants C. H. Parker, C. Goss and G. W. Gibson 
were wounded. Enlisted men killed, six ; wounded, thirty- 
four, three of them mortally ; total killed and wounded, forty- 
four, or more than one quarter of those who entered the battle. 
Up to this time the regiment had lost in killed, 8y ; wounded, 
204 ; prisoners, 38 ; missing, 33 ; making a total of 332, 
besides 31 deserters. Aggregate loss 363. 

But the perils of the year were not yet over. The regiment 
was in various service through October and November, in 
Maryland and Virginia until the thirteenth of December, when 
the great battle of Fredericksburg was fought under the com- 
mand of Major-General Burnside. In Colonel Clark's account 
of the battle is the following paragraph : — 

" The Second Brigade was ordered to the front, and forming in double 
line of battle, most gallantly and steadily moved across the plain, swept by 
the destructive fire of the enemy. When about sixty rods from the city. 
Color- Sergeant CoUins, of Co. A, was shot and fell to the ground. Ser- 
geant Plunkett, of Co. E, instantly seized the colors and carried them 
forward to the farthest point reached by our troops during the battle, 
when a shell from the rebels was thrown with fatal accuracy at the colors 
and brought them to the ground, wet with the life-blood of the brave 
Plunkett, both of whose arms were carried away. The glorious flag was 
then raised by Color- Corporal Olney of Co. H, and carried by him dur- 
ing the remainder of the day. Color- Corporal Barr, of Co. C, was shot 
while carrying the state colors, and the post of honor and danger was 
quickly filled by Color-Corporal Wheeler, of Co. I. The whole number of 
casualties in this battle is ninety-nine, viz., killed eight, wounded fifty-six, 
missing thirty-five." 

The total loss was sixty-nine out of two hundred and eighty- 
four officers and enlisted men who engaged in the battle, 
nearly one fourth of their number. This ended the fighting 
of the regiment for the year. The number of deaths from all 
causes had been one hundred and thirty-one. But though the 
actual fighting was over, there was still danger and endurance. 
About eight o'clock on Sunday evening, the fourteenth, the 
brigade to which our regiment belonged, was ordered to the 




1 -*^9SF ' 





SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. l6l 

position gained on the previous day, with instructions to hold 
it at all hazards. As the rebel sharpshooters were posted on 
the roofs of the neighboring houses and the tops of trees, the 
service was difficult. By taking position behind a low ridge, 
throwing up a small breastwork, and lying flat on their backs, 
they escaped all harm except the loss of one man. As night 
came on the rebels ventured to approach our men, which they 
were suffered to do until within a few yards of our guards, 
when a volley from the rifles of two regiments drove them 
back. About ten o'clock at night our troops were relieved 
from their wearisome and dangerous duty, and ordered to 
cross to the north side of the Rappahannock, to their camp, 
where they arrived about two o'clock in the morning. The 
end of the year 1862 found the regiment at their old camp 
near Falmouth, where amid cold and storm, it was doing 
picket duty, but animated with a spirit which defied the 
elements as well as the iron hail of the enemy. 

Section III. — The Twenty-fifth Regiment. 
The Twenty-fifth, which left the city on the last day of 
October, 1861, arrived in New York via the New London 
route, on the steamer " Connecticut," the next morning. The 
soldiers were breakfasted at the Park barracks, and the offi- 
cers were invited to take breakfast at the Astor House, all 
under the auspices of a delegation of the Sons of Massachu- 
setts, led by Colonel Frank E. Howe. The speeches at the 
Astor House, after breakfast, were brief and full of life. The 
speakers were Colonel Howe, Samuel Hathaway of the Old 
Worcester Guard, Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague, General Burn- 
side, Mr. Nathan Jackson, a revolutionary veteran of over 
ninety years of age, Parke Godwin of the Evening Post, 
Mr. Richard Busteed, and Chaplain Horace James. After an 
earnest address by the chaplain, Mr. Busteed proposed the 
following sentiment, which was received with plaudits : 

" The Clergy, — The pillar of fire by night, and the cloud by day ; our 
armies, like Israel of old, may safely follow where it leads. May their 
number never be less." 

II 



1 63 WORCESTER IX THE WAR. 

The following lines, written for the occasion by Grace 
Appletox, must take the place of honor, there being no room 
for the other exercises of the happy occasion. 

TO THE MASSACHUSETTS TWENTY-FIFTH. 
From the Heart oft/u Commonwealth. 
Hail brothers, from our mother's home, 

Fresh from her green old " Heart ! " 
Mope to-day no classic tome 

To quote a hero's part. 
For, face to face, a gallant band. 

Of //t'/z/cr heroes round us stand; 
We ask no better toast to-day, 

Than soldiers from the brave " Old Bay." 

Sworn knights of Freedom's cause, ye come — 

Crusaders for the Right — 
To pluck from error's moldering tomb, 

Truth's form divinely bright ; 
Pledged heart to heart and hand to hand, 

A host invincible ye stand ; 
God's arm shall aid, his guidance lead, 

His grace a shield in every need. 

Beside Potomac's rolling tide, 

'Neath a fair Southern sk)% 
Remember hoio your comrades died: 

Their blood your battle-cry ! 
Remember homes of sunliglit shorn — 

Remember tender hearts that mourn ! 
New England bows her matron head 

In sorrow for her valiant dead ; 
Make ye their mart}-r-graves to be 

Cradles of new-bom Liberty ! 

The regiment left New York the same evening, and arrived 
at Annapolis on the third, which was Sunday. While at 
Annapolis the soldiers were much improved in drill and dis- 
cipline, and became accustomed to military life. And here 
seems to be the place to give some idea of Sunday in camp. 
The extracts which follow are taken from a letter written 
by Chaplain James, dated " Camp Hicks, near Annapolis, 
November ii, 1861," and printed in the Coiigrcgationalist q{ 
Boston. The large space given to this letter is due to its 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 163 

interesting statements. It should be borne in mind also that 
it describes what was substantially true of many others of our 
regiments and chaplains. 

" We have just finished our first Sunday in camp away from home. 
Perhaps I could not give anything of more interest to your readers just 
now, than to describe the day with its various services and transactions. 
The drum beat the morning call, or reveille, at six o'clock. Breakfast at 
half-past seven. That being over, I visited the hospital tents, as is my daily 
custom, conversed encouragingly with each patient, and offered prayer 
in each tent, in the hearing of seven or eight persons who are at present 
under medical care. Distribution of little soldiers' books throughout all 
the companies of the regiment, occupied the next two hours. They were 
furnished me — in part — by several Sabbath schools in Worcester 
county. I am sure the eyes of those children would have glistened with 
satisfaction, if they could have seen the avidity with which the books were 
taken, and the pleasure with which they were perused. This being over, 
we began to put in circulation our regimental library, which consists of 
one hundretl and twenty-five volumes of selected books, adapted to the 
kind of life we lead. . . . The library will serve a noble purpose, and be 
read over and over again as long as we are in the field. On the Sabbath, 
after the inspection of arms and equipments, at eight o'clock, the men 
have the time wholly at their own disposal until the dress-parade at 
five o'clock. They are glad of something to read during these weary 
hours. 

Thus was spent the forenoon, varied with tent prayer-meetings and at- 
tempts at Bible-class instruction at several different points. At a quar- 
ter to two the drum beat the call to church, our church, — all we have, 
and all we want, — one vast as the heavens, with a dome more glorious 
than St. Peter's, and frescoed with a skill exceeeding any mediaeval art. 
The pulpit was a small box, on which stood the preacher, with a small 
Bible in his hand, but no parchment ; before him, in solid column, the 
men of the regiment, on his left the band, at his right a regimental choir, 
with Dadmun's Army Melodies in their hand, and behind him the field 
and staff officers ; thus arrayed, and gathered in our grand old church, 
every man present, and no one squeaking into his pew after time, the sun 
shining clearly in the sky, and the mild air breathing quietly around, the 
services commenced. 

' Come Thou Almighty King, 
Help us Thy name to sing,' 

were the familiar words of our opening hymn of praise. The Ten Com- 
mandments from Exodus, and a passage from Ephesians were read, and 
prayer was offered, blessing God for His goodness and mercy to us, con- 



164 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

fessing our sins, and supplicating His favor, making mention of our loved 
ones at home, and rejoicing in the thought that God is as near to us as to 
them, entreating a blessing on our arms, and the divine favor to our coun- 
try in her time of need. We then sang to the tune of ' Auld Lang Syne,' 
the band accompanying us : 

* When I can read my title clear.' 

The discourse followed, of which modesty forbids me to to say aught 
else than this, that it was an attempt to stay the disgusting vice of pro- 
fanity, of which a military camp is wont to be so full. ... It is proper 
for me to say that our officers generally are free from this vice, and set an 
example worthy to be followed by the regiment. We closed with the fa- 
vorite tune, ' Marching Along,' and the benediction. 

We met at seven o'clock around the camp-fire of Co. I, for our evening 
prayer-meeting. At the hour appointed a great fire was blazing heaven- 
ward, and those who care to sing and pray were gathering together. To 
the number of a hundred or two they came, and formed in concentric 
rings about the fire, the innermost being seated upon logs of wood and 
those behind them standing. Then began the hymns of divine praise to 
ascend to God ; then the pastor of the flock read to them a few verses, 
spoke to them a few earnest words, and led them in prayer. 'Then broke 
forth one, and another, and another, in exhortation, in prayer or in song. 
None waited for the others, all were in the spirit, all seemed read}^ The 
time passed rapidly away, voices were subdued under the powerful emo- 
tions excited at this still hour, tears stole down many faces, hearts were 
moved, and joy in the Holy Ghost abounded. We all felt and said that it 
was good to be there, and after an hour and twenty minutes thus pleas- 
antly spent, it was unanimously voted that this should be the style of our 
Sunday-evening service henceforth. They were dismissed with the bene- 
diction and Christian Doxology, in which all heartily joined." 

The regiment embarked, on the seventh cf January, 1862, 
on board the New York, the Zouave, and the Skirmisher, 
three vessels then lying at Annapolis, and belonging to the 
Burnside expedition. They sailed on the tenth, and arrived 
in four days at Hatteras Inlet, where they met with many 
delays and accidents, including the foundering of the propeller 
Zouave, on which v/ere two companies, all of whom were pro- 
videntially saved. The whole expedition was transported over 
the " swash " during the first week in February. No man in 
the regiment will be apt to forget those three weeks of hard- 
ship, when the invincible Burnside conquered the elements by 
his endurance and fertility of resources. The objective point 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 165 

was Roanoke Island, on which the regiment effected a landing 
under cover of the gunboats, on the evening of the seventh, 
and after marching a short distance, bivouacked for the night. 
Next morning was cold and rainy. The men were aroused 
and at daybreak formed the line. Company A, Captain Pickett, 
was thrown forward to skirmish. The outposts of the enemy 
were reached in about half a mile, when they were pressed 
steadily back under the sharp fire of our skirmishers, and 
finally driven to their earthworks. A battery consisting of 
several boat-howitzers was brought up and put in position, 
supported by the regiment, and opened fire. General Foster 
ordered Colonel Upton to form his command in line of battle 
across the road, the right resting on a clearing covered by the 
enemy's guns, the left extending into the woods and thicket. 
Both parties opened fire on each other, our artillery being 
supported by the right wing of the regiment. They moved 
forward with steadiness until our line was within about three 
hundred yards of the enemy's battery, " Fire was kept up for 
nearly three hours, until about half-past ten, a.m., when our 
ammunition being exhausted, Colonel Upton was ordered to 
form in column by company, in rear of our right, which was 
done in good order." This finished the fighting so. far as the 
Twenty-fifth was concerned, but they marched to the upper end 
of the island and quartered in Camp Foster. The loss in this 
action was six killed and forty-two wounded. 

In his report of this battle, Colonel Upton makes the 
following remarks in reference to the conduct of the regiment. 
He says : 

" I would express my great satisfaction with the conduct of the regi- 
ment, both officers and men. It was, throughout the engagement, of the 
bravest kind, standing as they did for hours, in the water to their knees, 
exposed to an incessant fire of musketry, grape and shell, with no disposi- 
tion on the part of any man to waver. The skirmishing of company A, 
Captain Pickett, was performed in a manner that would have done credit 
to regulars. I can but express my particular satisfaction with the man- 
ner in which Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague, Major McCafferty and Adjutant 
Harkness performed the duties devolving upon them, and the support 
rendered me by them throughout the engagement." 



1 66 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

On the ninth of February the regiment was complimented in 
orders from General Foster, for their gallant conduct at the 
battle of Roanoke Island. 

The regiment remained on the island until the seventh of 
March, when it was embarked on board transports, which were 
anchored off the island until the eleventh, when the fleet 
sailed, and passing through Croatan and Pamlico Sounds, 
entered the mouth of Neuse river, and on the evening of the 
twelfth, anchored within fifteen miles of Newbern. On the 
morning of the eleventh, under cover of a heavy fire from 
the gunboats, our men '• landed at Slocum's Creek, and after 
a heavy march of ten miles through rain and mud, bivouacked 
for the night in the woods, upon the cold, wet ground, with 
the rain beating down upon them." 

The following passages are culled from a long letter ad- 
dressed by Colonel Upton to the editor of the FitcJiburg Sen- 
tinel. They give the best narrative at hand of the part borne 
by the Twenty-fifth in the battle of Newbern : 

" We built camp-fires, sent out our pickets, partook of a lunch from our 
haversacks, and after making a reconnoissance down the river, prepared 
to spend the night on the ground already very wet, and rain still falling in 
torrents. Some of our men lying down and some standing up, we gener- 
ally passed a sleepless night. We had our lunch early, and were ready to 
move at seven o'clock. We passed along nearly a mile, and discovered 
an earthwork thrown up with the enemy in position, and batteries 
commanding the road. We flanked off to the right, and had hardly 
cleared the road before they opened their batteries, throwing their shot 
and shell in a very careless manner. . . . We sent out scouts to ascertain 
their exact position, and found a long line of breastworks, some two miles 
in length, terminating in a fort at the river on our right, with a battery 
of thirteen heavy guns, and on account of its extending to the water, it 
was impossible to outflank them. Their shot and shell flew all around 
us, as did also the shell from our gunboats. We were ordered to remain 
and support our own howitzers, which we did, the battle still raging in all 
its fury. Now came the order to charge ! and the Twenty-fifth sent up a 
hideous yell and sprung forward in double-quick time, leaped over the 
breastwork and drove the enemy out, our state color being the first on the 
work. I think there was one United States color on the right before 
ours. . . . We immediately formed and were ordered to proceed on the 
road, taking the position for street-firing. . . . After getting into position, 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. 167 

we sent out the two flank companies as skirmishers into the woods, to see 
what was there, as the balls were flying all around us. They advanced 
some little distance, discovered a portion of the enemy, and opened fire 
upon them as did also the regiment. They soon surrendered to the num- 
ber of about one hundred and fifty men, and were placed in charge of 
Co. H, Captain Moulton. Their colonel, who delivered his pistol to me, 
showed a bullet hole through his cap, which just cleared his head, and 
said he would rather it had gone through his head than to have surren- 
dered. He was in the fight at Big Bethel, and is a tough customer." 

Soon the regiment were in sight of Newbern, which seemed 
all ablaze, as the bridge over the Trent river, nearly 2,000 feet 
long, and the resin and turpentine works were on fire. By 
the help of transports, the regiment proceeded, and was the 
first to reach the city. It was in this battle that the flags were 
captured by the company of the brave O'Neil, to which refer- 
ence was had in the preceding chapter. There were many 
acts of individual heroism and prowess in this action, which 
would grace the page of history, if there were space to record 
them. They must be left to delight the biographer and his 
readers. Colonel Upton reports that the regiment was 
extremely fortunate in losing but few men, notwithstanding 
the great exposure. " It seems almost miraculous that we 
have escaped with so small a loss, there having been but four 
killed and sixteen wounded." 

The regiment remained in Newbern until the ninth of May, 
doing provost-guard duty in the vicinity. " They had many 
bitter skirmishes with the enemy," says the official report, 
*' and were on many scouts too numerous to mention." 

An expedition started from Newbern on the twenty-fourth 
of July, consisting of several regiments, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Sprague commanding the Twenty-fifth, and proceeded to 
Trenton, about thirty miles. They entered the place without 
opposition, though expecting to meet a battery which would 
dispute their entrance. They returned through Pollockville 
to Newbern, some five days after their departure. " During 
the hot summer months very little was done by the troops in 
this department." The fact was they had fought and struggled 
through a winter and spring campaign, and had done a year's 



1 68 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

work before it was half expired. In the course of the season, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague was elected colonel of the Fifty- 
first Regiment of nine months' men, and Colonel Upton, on 
account of enfeebled health, was obliged to resign. His 
resignation occurred on the twenty-eighth of October, taking 
with him the sincere regard of all his command. He was pre- 
sented by the enlisted men of his regiment, with a beautiful 
sword, belt and sash, costing $i,ooo, as a token of esteem. 
His successor was Major Pickett, characterised as "a brave 
and efficient officer." 

Two days after his promotion. Colonel Pickett left Newbern 
on board the transport Highlander, forming part of an expe- 
dition under General Foster. They passed on to Washington, 
and through William ston and Hamilton, to within ten miles 
of Tarborough. On Sunday, November 2, they had a sharp 
fight about dusk, at Rawles' Mills, and routed the enemy. 
The march was resumed in the morning, at daybreak, and 
Hamilton, on the Roanoke River, was reached on the fourth. 
The enemy being entrenched behind earthworks, our forces 
withdrew, on the sixth, in the midst of a severe snow and sleet- 
storm, suffering severely, and on the tenth reached Plymouth, 
where most of them embarked for Newbern, leaving our regi- 
ment with another to protect our artillery. Still later in the 
season, on the eleventh of December, the regiment started 
with the army on the march to Kinston, Whitehall and 
Goldsboro', and was engaged in the actions of each of those 
places, but suffered only a few casualties, retiring on the 
twenty-first. Thus closed a year of great activity and most 
important service. The facts in relation to its drilling, voy- 
ages, marches and battles, have been drawn from the letters 
of Colonel Upton, and the report of Colonel Pickett. And in 
this connection the following extract from a letter of General 
Burnside to Governor Andrew, dated November 21, 1862, in 
relation to certain Massachusetts regiments, including the 
Twenty-first and Twenty-fifth, is pertinent. 

" On the expedition to North Carolina five regiments of Massachusetts 
troops accompanied me. While these of course varied in their efficiency, 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. J 69 

according to the qualifications of their officers, I cannot speak in too 
high terms of their general excellence of discipline and drill, and their 
cool courage and dashing bravery in action. The battle of Roanoke was 
the first occasion on which they were under fire, and they behaved with 
the steadiness of old troops, winning the highest encomiums from their 
brigade commanders, Generals Foster and Reno. ... I will not speak of 
them in detail, only saying I have nothing but praise to give them, and 
their deeds and reputation are worthy of the gallant and patriotic state 
from which they come." 



Section IV. — The Thirty-fourth, Thirty-sixth, and Fifty- 
first Regiments. 

As these regiments entered the field comparatively late in 
the season, and had few opportunities to win distinction before 
the campaign closed, their history for 1862 need occupy but a 
few pages. 

The Thirty-fourth Regiment, which left Worcester on 
the fifteenth of August, went via Norwich, Jersey City, Phila- 
delphia and Baltimore, to Washington, where it arrived on the 
afternoon of Sunday, and passed the night at the Soldier's 
Rest. The next day it crossed Long Bridge and marched to 
Arlington Heights, where it encamped at " Camp Casey." 
While here Major Bowman took leave of the regiment, having 
been appointed colonel of the Thirty-sixth. 

On the twenty-second, orders were received, assigning the 
regiment to the corps of Major-General Banks, tents were 
struck, the regiment marched to Alexandria and reported to 
the quartermaster's department for transportation to the 
field. But the railroad was occupied in moving other troops, 
and the regiment was ordered to bivouack two days and nights. 
Another effort was made to reach Catlett's Station by rail, 
but this proving impracticable. Colonel Wells established a 
camp called " Camp Worcester," on the spot where he had 
halted, and awaited orders. Here he remained with his com- 
mand, while the entire army of General Pope, in its retreat 
from Manassas, was completing its change of front. Then 
being in the extreme advance of the army, the regiment threw 
out pickets, and also furnished a provost-guard for Alexan- 



I 70 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

dria. On the tenth of September, the camp was moved to 
the immediate vicinity of Alexandria. 

The adjutant-general's report for 1862 gives the following 
information regarding the farther services of the Thirty-fourth 
during the closing months of that year, "September 12, the 
regiment being ordered to report to General Grover, marched 
to Fairfax Seminary and encamped there, together with the 
Thirty-third Massachusetts Infantry, the Eleventh New Jer- 
sey, and the One Hundred and Twentieth New York Volun- 
teers, the four regiments being under command of Colonel 
Wells, senior-colonel. On the fifteenth of September, by 
order of the commander of the defenses of Washington, the 
regiment moved its encampment to the vicinity of Fort Lyon, 
where it remained, November 22, being constituted a part of 
the regular garrison. Colonel Wells being in command of the 
fort and all of its defenses ; the regiment being employed on 
garrison and picket duty. It has been constantly drilled, 
both as artillery and infantry." It numbered nine hundred 
and ninety-four strong, on the tenth of November, having 
lost by promotion, i ; deaths, 7 ; discharged, 6 ; desertions, 7. 
Total, 1,015. 

The Thirty-sixth Regiment, which left Boston on the 
second of September, 1862, on the Merrimack steamer, 
reached Washington after a voyage of five days. It was then 
ordered to join General McClellan's army, and leaving the na- 
tional capital on the ninth, arrived at Leesboro', Maryland, the 
same day. There it remained fiv'e days waiting for transpor- 
tation and rations. Leaving on the fifteenth, it arrived at the 
camp of General Burnside, — too late to engage in the battle 
of Antietam, — four miles beyond Sharpsburg, on the twen- 
tieth, a distance of sixty-seven miles. On the twentieth of 
September it arrived at Antietam Iron Works, and on the 
seventh of October, marching over the mountains, on roads 
obstructed by the rebels, reached Pleasant Valley. Leaving 
there on the eleventh, it started for Frederick with orders to 
protect the place from the invasions of Stuart's Cavalry. The 
next move was to Point of Rocks, and on the fifteenth the 



SECOND YEAR IN THE FIELD. I/I 

regiment returned to Pleasant Valley. It crossed the Potomac 
on a pontoon bridge at Berlin, October 2, and reached Lovetts- 
ville, Virginia, the same day, after a very tedious march, (as 
it rained hard all day), and encamped at night, cold and wet. 
The continued narrative of the regiment, for the year, is found 
in Willis' " Fitchburg in the Rebellion." Leaving Lovetts- 
ville on the twenty-ninth, it " marched with the remainder of 
the army to Falmouth, arriving November 19, stopping one 
week on the route. On the twelfth of December the regiment 
saw its first battle, the battle of Fredericksburg — but was not 
actively engaged, being held as a reserve, and had only two 
men wounded. It remained at Falmouth " to the end of the 
year, where we leave it preparing for future toils and dangers. 

The Fifty-first Regiment, nine months' volunteers, 
sailed from Boston late in November, as stated in the pre- 
ceding chapter, and proceeded to North Carolina. A letter 
from Colonel Sprague, dated at Foster Barracks, Newbern, 
December 21, 1862, gives the history of the first week of the 
regiment in the field, which was creditable to its spirit and 
discipline. The occasion of the expedition reported in the 
letter, was as follpws. General Burnside was about to make 
his famous movement on the rebel forces at Fredericksburg. 
At the same time General Dix was ordered to make a demon- 
stration on Suffolk, Virginia. In unison with these, General 
Foster was to march to Goldsboro', some seventy miles, and 
burn the railroad bridge at that place. It was a general move- 
ment, extending from Newbern to Fredericksburg. The design 
was, if Burnside should succeed, to prevent troops being sent 
from the south to reinforce Lee, and also, if Lee were defeated, 
to cut off one line of his retreat to the South. This being 
premised, the exact connection of the facts stated in Colonel 
Sprague's letter will be understood. 

" I reported with my command, seven hundred and seventy-eight rank 
and file, on the Trent Road, in hght marching order, at seven o'clock on 
the morning of Thursday, the eleventh inst., remaining with the brigade cji 
route till the afternoon of Friday, when we were detached in company with 
two pieces of artillery, under command of Captain Ransom, to guard the 



1/2 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

' Beaver Creek Bridge,' the main road to Kinston, and the road to Tren- 
ton, in rear of the advancing column. Receiving orders from Major-Gen- 
eral Foster, at half-past one o'clock on Sunday morning, to join the main 
force, without delay, we marched at sunrise, having in charge twenty-one 
prisoners, (taken by the cavalry on the main road to Kinston,) which were 
turned over to the provost-marshal after our arrival at Kinston on Sunday 
evening. 

We advanced with the brigade on Monday morning, arriving at the 
scene of action at Whitehall about eleven o'clock, a.m., on Tuesday morn- 
ing, and though not particijaating in the engagement, wei'e within range 
of the enemy's guns, on the right of the artillery, which was engaged. At 
this point, in obedience to orders from Major-General Foster, Lieutenant 
Sanderson, with a detachment, was detailed to examine the river below the 
bridge, to ascertain the practicability of fording it. After a careful ex- 
amination of the river for nearly a mile, Lieutenant Sanderson reported 
that it was not fordable. Tuesday afternoon, passing up with the main 
column on the left bank of the Neuse, we bivouacked at night about 
twelve miles from Goldsboro\ On Wednesday we were detailed to guard 
the baggage train, from which duty we were relieved in the afternoon, 
when the train and troops were counter-marched, after the burning of the 
railroad bridge by the advance. Keeping our place on the return, on 
Thursday, Friday and Saturday, we encamped on Saturday night near 
Deep Gulley, and arrived at our barracks on the Trent, at eleven o'clock 
on Sunday morning. My men were considerably jaded and foot-sore. The 
order in regard to pillaging and foraging was enforced, and the men suf- 
fered in consequence of an insufficient supply of meat. Taking into con- 
sideration the fact that this regiment has been but a week in the field, and 
received their arms only two days before they had marching orders, I 
have the honor to report that they behaved well during the entire march. 
None were killed, none wounded, none missing." 

Thus closes the military history of Worcester for the year 
eighteen hundred and sixty-two. 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. — DRAFTING. 1 73 



CHAPTER IX. 

WAR MATTERS IN WORCESTER IN THE THIRD YEAR. 

It will be interesting in coming years to know the effect of 
the war on the industry and prosperity of the people of this 
city. At the close of the year 1861, business was more thriv- 
ing perhaps than ever before. This was certainly true in 
regard to many branches of industry. The Eastern States 
had the machinery and the skilled artisans which were neces- 
sary to keep the wheels of war in motion ; and in these regards 
Worcester was peculiarly fortunate. " Most of the establish- 
ments in the city were in full operation, many of them running 
over time, and with much more than the usual complement of 
hands, in the manufacture of articles worn by the soldiers, or 
in making tools and machinery for the manufacture of those 
articles." For example, Messrs. Fox & Mayo had a contract 
for making, in four months, two hundred thousand yards of 
kerseys for soldiers' use. George Crompton's loom works 
were running night and day, making blanket looms for many 
large woolen mills in the country. He was also building 
machinery for stocking guns. Nathan Washburn was making 
five tons of rifle-barrel iron per day, for the Springfield 
armory. He had also a contract for making 150,000 musket- 
barrels, for private parties. Osgood Bradley had a large 
contract for making gun-carriages, forges, &c., for the govern- 
ment. Wood & Light had seventy hands employed on 
machinery for the government, and for various parties in the 
country. Shepard, Lathe & Co. were more busy than ever, on 
contracts for Colt of Hartford, for the Springfield armory, and 
for other parties. Messrs. Allen & Wheelock's armory had 
more than two hundred men in steady employment. Thayer, 



174 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

Houghton & Co. employed some fifty hands in manufacturing 
machinery for the government and private armories. Lucius 
W. Pond had just completed a battery of twenty light-rifled 
cannon, of his own invention, called the Ellswortli guns. 
These are specimens of the business operations of the city in 
the first year of the war. And the same was true of succeed- 
ing years, making allowance however, for a large increase by 
these and other individuals and firms. The old distich 
respecting the industry of Englishmen, with the alteration of 
a word, might be applied to the people of this place. 

" There be no men like Worcester men, 
Such working-men as they be." 

As a matter of course, this pressure of business raised a 
demand for labor, at good prices ; and this increased the diffi- 
culty of procuring volunteers. Not only did the high wages 
operate to keep men at home, but many skillful mechanics 
could justly feel that they were doing more to sustain the 
government, by making arms and implements of warfare, than 
they could by using them in the field. 

The new city government was inaugurated on the fifth of 
January, 1863, when the mayor, Hon. D, Waldo Lincoln,* 
delivered his Inaugural Address. The following extract 
expressed the general feeling in relation to public affairs. 
He said : — 

" With unquestionable, unhesitating loyalty, our city has contributed its 
full share of men and means to aid the government in asserting its right- 
ful supremacy over the rebellious states and in supporting the constitution 
of the country, and the nationality of its people. There is scarce a battle- 
field on the Potomac or on the Peninsula, that has not witnessed the 
heroism and the endurance of our glorious Fifteenth and Twenty-first 
Regiments, each of them organized here, and each containing a company 
from this city. Our own Twenty-fifth, so largely composed of our towns- 
men, has shown its gallantry at Roanoke and Newbern, and more re- 
cently, aided by the Fifty-first, at Kinston and Goldsboro'. The Thirty- 
fourth, now patiently discharging an equally important duty, waits but an 
opportunity to perform equally brilliant exploits." 

* Mr. Lincoln had been authorised by Governor Andrew to raise a regiment, with the offer of 
the colonelcy : but soon after word came from Washington that no more troops were needed at the 
time, and the regiment was not raised. 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. DRAFTING. 1/5 

The following facts and figures are gathered from the same 
address. Up to the commencement of 1863, the city had 
furnished sixteen hundred and twenty soldiers, exclusive of 
three months' men. The number enlisted during the year 
was between six hundred and fifty and seven hundred. 

The amount of bounty paid by the city was $63,500. 
Other expenses in enlisting, $1,000. State aid to volunteers, 
about $30,000. Total war expenses for the year 1862, 
$94,500. The preceding year, about $14,500. Total war 
expenses up to January i, 1863, not far from $109,000. The 
number of families receiving aid was five hundred and 
twenty-five, and the monthly payments were $4,000. 

On the twenty-third of February, the Freed-Slave Com- 
mittee had a magnificent Costume Promenade in Mechanics 
Hall, under the superintendance of the following ladies, viz. : 

Mrs. Ichabod Washburn, Mrs. R. R. Shippen, 
" Alonzo Hill, " Merrill Richardson, 

" F. W. Paine, " B F. Heywood, 

» Isaac Davis, " Joseph Sargent, 

« Wm. M. Bickford, " John Davis. 

Hundreds could not get admission. The scene was most 
brilliant. Representations of all nations and climes, and of 
all ranks of society, from kings and queens to peasant girls, 
clothed in rich and unique costumes, gave variety to the 
pageant. There were several beautiful little flower-girls. 
Dancing from nine to twelve. General Butler being at the 
Bay-State House was invited to be present. He was received 
with unbounded enthusiasm, and made a brief address. The 
profits were about $700. 

A large meeting was held on the twelfth of March, at City 
Hall, including colored citizens, to encourage recruiting for 
the Fifty-fourth Regiment, (colored,) afterwards so famous at 
Charleston, under Colonel Shaw of deathless fame. Remarks 
were made by Rev. M. Richardson, Rev. Rush R. Shippen, 
and other gentlemen. Eleven recruits were received. 

April 30 was a Fast-day by appointment of the president. 
There was a union meeting at the Old South Church, Rev. 
Dr. Hill presiding. Rev. Mr. Lewis, Methodist, offered 



176 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

prayer and read the Scriptures. Dr. Hill then led in prayer, 
and Rev. Dr. Svveetser made an excellent address, adapted to 
the occasion. He was followed by Messrs. Chapin, Shippen 
and Richardson. 

At the Universalist Church, Rev. Mr. St. John was out- 
spoken and patriotic. And at All Saints Church, Rev. Mr. 
Huntington delivered what was characterized as "a powerful 
and patriotic discourse." 

Dr. Oramel Martin was appointed in May, by the presi- 
dent, surgeon of the Board of Enrollment for this Congres- 
sional District. 

The Worcester State Guard was organized on the twenty- 
eighth of May, at a meeting in City Hall. Mayor Lincoln 
was in the chair. 

This corps was independent of the Home Guards, but a 
man might be a member of both. The Home Guards were 
disbanded voluntarily, on the sixteenth of June. A full 
narrative of the action of the Home and State Guards will be 
found in a subsequent chapter. 

On the sixth of July came news of the glorious results at 
Gettysburg following the three days' battle. This was soon 
followed by the equally gratifying news from Vicksburg. 
Bellowing guns and pealing bells expressed the general 
rejoicing. 

Recruiting went on slowly in the s^Dring and summer of 
1863. Two years of war had already called into the field 
the large majority of those who could easily be spared from 
home, as well as thousands of those who were sadly needed 
in all the ranks of society and business. And f. ough some 
progress had been made in subduing the rebellion, yet the 
end seemed far in the future. Men did not come in and offer 
themselves according to the wants of the service. Congress 
passed an act providing for a draft from the enrolled men of 
the country, and a new enrollment took place in consequence. 
The president issued his call for a large levy of troops, to be 
filled by a draft on the first of July, if volunteering did not 
supersede the necessity of it. There was no great effort to 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. DRAFTING. I 77 

fill quotas here or elsewhere, as drafted men could be exempted 
from service, by furnishing a substitute, or paying the govern- 
ment a commutation of three hundred dollars. The terrible 
riot in New York, and the incipient outbreak in Boston and 
other places, in the summer, evinced the feeling of opposition 
to the draft, which was felt wherever the fires of patriotism 
burnt low. In this city the authorities took proper precau- 
tions, and the State Guard were at hand, ready for any 
emergency. But there was no need of repressive measures 
towards any of our citizens. The "roughs" who came here 
for the sake of bounties or commutation money, with the 
intention of deserting, and cheating the government, found 
themselves in hands from which they could not escape until 
they were delivered over to the national authority. 

Drafting began at the City Hall on the eleventh of July, at 
10 o'clock, A.M. The process was as follows. The names of 
all the enrolled, written on a slip of paper, were deposited in 
an octagonal, church-like instrument, which was turned by the 
commissioner, Samuel V. Stone, and the names were drawn, 
one by one, by Mr. S. S. Leonard, whose blindness made him 
an excellent man for the purpose. Mr. Leonard handed the 
slip to the provost-marshal, who untied the string with which 
it was bound, and read the name and characteristics of the 
conscript. For example : — " Peter Bilney, 25, white, carpen- 
ter, single," &c. The name was then given to a clerk who 
recorded it. Well-known names were greeted with cheers 
from the crowd in the room. The number drafted in the 
different wards was as follows. In ward i, 88 ; 2, 85 ; 3, 39 ; 
4, 89; 5, 2,7; 6, 91 ; 7, 121 ; 8, 102. 

One of the papers spoke of the " Humors of the Draft," 
and gave the following facts. Many Cambridge graduates in 
the city of the proper age — eight in all — were drafted. Eight 
were taken from the rolls of the Bay-State House. The 
grocery store of the Messrs. Cobb was cleaned out, the pro- 
prietors and clerks all being taken. Three brothers were 
drawn in ward six. The three clerks at the Court House 
were taken. The conscripts were provided with good music 

12 



1/8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

as the Allen brothers, and Messrs. Bent, Stearns and Thayer 
were included. There were eleven Yale students in the 
county, — nine of them in this city, — of whom eight were 
drafted. The names of those who served in person, who 
furnished substitutes, or paid $300, will be found in a follow- 
ing chapter. The result of the draft was as follows, as re- 
ported on the last of August. There were seven hundred 
men drafted. Of these, one hundred and eighty-two were 
accepted ; disabled, one hundred and seventy-five ; special 
exemption, two hundred and thirty-one ; not reported, one 
hundred and two. Of these, ninety-nine paid commutation ; 
forty-nine procured substitutes ; eleven entered the service ; 
twelve furloughed ; four not reported. 

On the eighteenth of October, Rev. Mr. Souther delivered 
a sermon in the Central Church, appropriate to the times. 
He showed what woman had done in the war, and what she 
had yet to do. 

The City Council, at a meeting held October 28, unani- 
mously voted, on the call of the president for three hundred 
thousand volunteers, that the quota of Worcester should be 
promptly filled by voluntary enlistment. The following reso- 
lution was passed : — 

" Resolved^ That the City Council will afford every possible aid to the 
state and national authorities, and will cordially co-operate with the peo- 
ple in raising the number of volunteers appointed to this city." 

The draft called for three hundred and forty-seven men 
from Worcester. In reference to this, Rev. Mr. Richardson 
preached a sermon on " The Nation's Call, and the Citizens' 
Duty." Other clergymen preached able and patriotic dis- 
courses, bearing on the special wants of the government, and 
the corresponding duties of the people, on Thanksgiving day, 
the twenty-sixth of November. An abstract of a very season- 
able discourse by Dr. Hill was published in the Palladiinn of 
the second of December. 

A series of meetings was held in the closing weeks of the 
year, to aid in raising the requisite number of soldiers. These 
meetings will not be reported at length, inasmuch as the same 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. DRAFTING. 1 79 

arguments and persuasives were used on different occasions ; 
but each meeting will be noted, and occasional speeches will 
be given so far as the limits of this work will admit. 

The first of the series was held in Mechanics Hall, 
November 21, and was largely attended in spite of a raging 
storm. His Honor, the mayor, was in the chair, supported 
by a long list of prominent gentlemen as vice-presidents, 
including Levi Lincoln, Charles Allen, A. H. Bullock, 
Stephen Salisbury, Isaac Davis, Ichabod Washburn, John S. 
C. Knowlton, and others. The president stated the object of 
the meeting, and called on the people of Worcester to do 
their duty. After the " Star-Spangled Banner " had been 
sung, the Hon. Isaac Davis was introduced. 

He spoke with great spirit, and closed by c^uoting from 
Fenelon this noble sentiment : — " That any man should love 
his family before himself, his country before his family, and 
his God before his country." Make this principle yours, and 
if need be, take yourself away from home and friends, in the 
noble work of sustaining our government. 

It was moved by P. Emory Aldrich, Esq., that a large 
committee be appointed to aid in recruiting. This was 
adopted, when the Hon. A. H. Bullock was called out amid 
cheering, and spoke in this strain : — 

" We will renew, this night, one and all, our allegiance to the fortunes 
of our afflicted country. There is no alternative. The war must go on. 
We stand in the breach to rebuke timidity, to cheer and succor those who 
stand by the flag and country in its hour of trial. The door of peace lies 
through steady, persevering war, culminating in victory. War with all 
the vigor of the government, all the power of our armies. War, war, 
should be the universal impulse. Standing as we do between our own 
living and dead, not a leaf in the forest, not a ripple on the farthest shore, 
should whisper peace. Alternations of victory and defeat belong to all 
history. But if we be true and earnest, patriotic and enduring, out of 
these vicissitudes the orb of the Union will emerge at last in precious 
luster. 

' So sinks the day-star in the ocean bed, 
And yet anon repairs his drooping head, 
And tricks his beams, and with new-spangled ore 
Flames in the forehead of the morning sky.' " 



l80 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

After the " Marseillaise Hymn," Rev. Mr. Richardson was 
introduced. He said : — 

" Before us lies one mighty, perilous work. It is the work of president, 
cabinet, governor and mayor, and it is equally the work of every day- 
laborer in the land. But young men ! remember, you are the ones upon 
whom devolves the duty of going. Remember that your loved families 
shall not be forgotten by us at home ; remember that you shall not be for- 
gotten in the prayers of those who remain at home. We want three hun- 
dred and forty-seven men ; let us not wait for the draft. There lies the 
duty ; yonder lies the glory ; and can the young men of Worcester afford 
not to have part in this glorious struggle for yourselves and your children, 
for freedom and for God ? " 

The war committee raised at this meeting chose the follow- 
ing gentlemen as a sub-committee to co-operate with the com- 
mittee of the City Council in procuring volunteers, viz. : — 
Dr. Merrick Bemis, T. W. Wellington, Colonel A. B. R. 
Sprague, Captain Nicholas Power, George Crompton, Alzirus 
Brown, P. Emory Aldrich, Major E. A. Harkness, and Loren 
Coes. 

The proceedings of the above meeting may be fitly supple- 
mented by the following extract from the Spy of the twenty- 
sixth of November. 

" A Bright Example. — Among the volunteers in this city who have 
responded to the last and probably final call of the president, we notice 
the name of Rev. Samuel Souther, the well-known and respected city mis- 
sionary, and who has been a useful member of the legislature from this 
city for the last two years. He has enrolled his name at the headquarters 
of Lieutenant Gird. His patriotic example we believe will soon be fol- 
lowed by many others who are beginning to feel that the noblest opportu- 
nity of a hfetime is before them." 

An immense gathering in Mechanics Hall, in spite of the 
powerful rain, November 28, evinced the public feeling. The 
meeting was called to order by Hon. Stephen Salisbury, 
when, on motion of George M. Rice, Esq., the mayor was 
called on to preside. After congratulations on the success of 
our arms in Tennessee and in Virginia, he urged the young 
men to be up and doing if they wished to take a part in the 
final and speedy overthrow of the rebellion. 



I 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. DRAFTING. l8l 

He then called on Colonel Homer B. Sprague, a former 
resident, and principal of the High School, who had served at 
the head of a Connecticut regiment, under Butler and Banks, 
and who had volunteered at Port Hudson, to lead a forlorn 
hope of one thousand men to storm that fortress. The 
speech of Colonel Sprague was replete with fiery and pa- 
triotic eloquence. He exclaimed : — • 

" Noble is the record of this state ! No party or political creed has 
been known since the fall of Sumter. Let us forget the past. I have 
seen whigs, democrats and reiDublicans, — white and black men, — fight 
side by side under the same starry flag, and seen them buried in a common 
grave ; and in your baptism of fire and blood, I have learned what no 
soldier of Port Hudson will ever forget, that Massachusetts is earning im- 
mortal honors. Out of death comes life, and out of its ashes and fire, our 
nation shall rise, Phoenix-like, to new life. Pass round the olive branch ? 
No. Down upon traitors like an Alpine avalanche. March on for hu- 
manity, and strike for all the world." 

Hon. Isaac Davis, among other things, made the following 
remarks, which are worthy of permanent record, 

" Allusions have been made by the eloquent officer who has just taken 
his seat, to the subject of slavery. I do not propose to say anything 
about that matter. It is an institution I abhor and loathe. It is between 
the upper and the nether millstone, and will be ground to powder. [Great 
applause.] If this foul blot is erased, we will forever shout ' Glory, halle- 
lujah ! ' The present is the greatest conspiracy of which we have an ac- 
count since the rebel angels undertook to overthrow the Almighty." 

Rev. Edward A. Walker made an address characterised by 
great eloquence of style and beauty of language, as well as a 
spirit of fervid patriotism, illustrating the following sentiment. 
" In other wars men have gone forth to battle for the pos- 
session of the ground on which the cross was erected. We 
fight for the principles for which Christ died. When the 
crusaders went to war, they took with them a piece of the 
cross as a talisman : their helmet being adorned with relics, 
or emblazonments on their garments. So should our volun- 
teers desire some relic under which to go forth." He then 
offered to the first volunteer who should come forward, a 
piece of the original " Star-spangled Banner." 



1 82 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

A volunteer, by the name of Thomas Gloster, claimed the 
relic. As he enrolled his name, three times three cheers 
were given with great enthusiasm. 

The Rev. Mr. Souther was received with loud applause, as 
he came forward to give the reasons why he had enlisted. 
He referred to the wants of the country, the sufferings of the 
soldiers, and to the terrible hardships of our prisoners, 
" whose skinny fingers were beckoning him to their rescue." 
Major McCafferty made the closing speech, strongly urging 
those present to enlist forthwith. Three more volunteers 
then came upon the platform and signed the rolls, viz. : Ser- 
geant-Major George E. Barton, late of the Fifty-first, Martin 
E. Anderson, and H. H. Washburn. 

The first of December had its war meeting at the City 
Hall, when addresses were made by Hon. Stephen Salisbury, 
Rev. Messrs. Souther and St. John, Colonel A. B. R. Sprague, 
and Hon. Peter C. Bacon. The latter gentleman, who in 
offering his sons to his country, had given pledges of devotion 
to its sacred cause, made a few remarks, eloquently and 
earnestly urging the young men of Worcester to enlist. In 
stirring language he presented the arguments which should 
prompt all to do their duty. At the close of the meeting 
the mayor announced that up to that time forty-seven had 
volunteered. 

Another meeting was held in the same place, on the next 
evening, over which George W. Benchley presided. Speeches 
were made by Rev. David A. Wasson and General Calvin E. 
Pratt, formerly of this city, but who had distinguished himself 
at the head of New-York troops, in many well-fought fields. 

This meeting was followed by another on the evening of the 
fourth, at the same place, when Colonel A. B. R. Sprague was 
called to the chair, and Colonel J. M. Studley acted as secre- 
tary. Some of the sayings at this meeting must go on per- 
manent record, showing as they do the progress of right sen- 
timent in the country. 

Rev. Mr. Richardson raised and answered the question, 
** Why has the progress of the war been so slow ? " 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. DRAFTING. I 83 

1. War always lasts longer than the people suppose at the outset. 

2. The work presses harder than any one supposed. 

3. We feared the slaveholders more than we feared the devil. For 
eighteen months we did not conduct the war according to the laws of war. 
Four major-generals of our army issued proclamations promptly offering 
their services in putting down any negro insurrection, but exhibited no 
such feeling toward the masters. For thirty years we have stood in awe 
of the institution of slavery, and the southern oligarchy has done just as it 
pleased. For fifteen years no publishers of school-books dared to put the 
word ' freedom ' into their publications, and all the pieces which so thrilled 
us in our school-boy days, have been omitted. The same thing has been 
done by some of our religious societies for publication. The American 
Tract Society of New York altered sixty books, leaving out every word 
relating to slavery, showing conclusively the power of the institution. 
The serpent of slavery has wound itself about our schools and our 
colleges, and reached the top of our church spires, holding the nation in 
its iron grasp. 

In ancient Rome one citizen bolder than the rest, dared to ascend the 
ladder, broad-axe in hand, to smash down the idol of the people ; the 
crowd was looking on, meanwhile, pale and trembling ; so in our day 
Lincoln raises the ladder and ascends to smite American Slavery to 
death ; yet he dared not give the fatal blow, — the American people all 
fearing lest the universe should fall, till he could do it as a military neces- 
sity. Within eighteen months there were officers in our regiments who 
would leave the ranks to kick a negro. But it is all over now. [Ap- 
plause.] We have forty-eight colored regiments in the field. Port Hud- 
son and Fort Wagner prove the negro's ability to fight. Is not this 
progress ? " 

Hon. Henry Chapin remarked that the "rebels had given 
us the privilege of fighting them with confiscation and eman- 
cipation as a military necessity. When standing on the 
Declaration of Independence, as our army did on Lookout 
Mountain, we are fighting above the clouds." Joseph 
Mason, Esq., brought out the fact that this was not "a war of 
conquest, but a war between two civilizations. One or the 
other must prevail and rule the nation." Colonel Sprague 
made a brief but eloquent appeal to " old men, young men, and 
the ladies, in the name of the illustrious dead, and those still 
living in the field, to take hold of this war in earnest." 

A meeting held on the fifth was addressed by George M. 
Rice, Joseph Chamberlain, and John G. Tobey, Esqs., and by 



184 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Rev. Dr. Hill. The latter spoke in a very impressive stiain, 
feeling deeply the crisis of the country, but rejoicing that at 
last, slavery was to be abolished. Major McCafiferty said that 
slavery was the "most damning thing that existed in any 
community. The right to enslave a black man was equally 
the right to enslave the white man ; and much as he despised 
British oppression of his ancestors, he still more heartily 
despised American slavery." 

The address of the Hon. Peter C. Bacon was received with 
many marks of approbation. Among other remarks, he 
said : — 

" This call of the president was the clarion call of the great head of the 
repubhc. Do you ask for inducements ? They are honor, fame, glory, 
pecuniary reward ; all that a man could desire. We are succeeding well. 
Grant with Banks cut the confederacy in twain at Vicksburg and Port 
Hudson. ... I thank God there is a draft, and that there is power in the 
government to help itself, if required. [Applause.] We are not powerless. 
The government has the strength of a giant. God forbid that we should 
ever succumb to this rebellion. [Applause.] .The draft is the salvation of 
our country. The omens are good, and all that is needed is men.'''' 

Another meeting was held on the eighth at City Hall, at 
which Hon W. W. Rice presided. He spoke of the unani- 
mous feeling among loyal tnen that it was " the duty of the 
government to expend our last dollar and man till our flag 
shall float over every foot of soil blest by its sway." The 
Hon. P. Emory Aldrich compared these meetings to those 
formerly held in times of great religious interest. Though the 
subject now was different, there was a deep solemnity and a 
fixed purpose in the public mind to save our government ; 
and he closed with an eloquent appeal to young men, telling 
them " they lived in a heroic age, and that duties could only 
be performed in the midst of heroic dangers." 

There were other meetings on the tenth, the twelfth, the 
fifteenth, the nineteenth, the thirtieth, and the thirty-first of 
December, which were addressed by gentlemen whose names 
have appeared so often in the preceding pages, and by Rev, 
Mr. Banvard, Lieutenant Gird, Julius Tucker, and Rev. Mr. 
Willis who enrolled himself amidst great applause. An ab- 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. — DRAFTING. 1 85 

stract of two speeches, one by Hon. Ira M. Barton, and the 
other by General Devens, will be given, on account of their 
intrinsic merit, and because those gentlemen have occupied 
but a limited space in these j^ages. 

At the meeting on the tenth. Judge Barton spoke at length, 
and with great force, on the subject of the war, showing that 
the idea of two nations on our soil, "was one of the most 
magnificent humbugs which ever got into a sick man's brain." 
He closed by saying : 

" The South has appealed to the laws of war, and the laws of war let 
them have. These laws know nothing of slaves or slavery. I believe the 
president's proclamation is as sacred as any of the provisions of the con- 
stitution. Joshua endeavored to induce the ancient Israelites to enter the 
promised land. Some were reluctant to follow him thither, and Joshua 
closed the address to them with the expostulation : ' Choose ye this day 
whom ye will serve.' I trust you will all join me in the asseveration : 
'As for us and our houses, we will serve God and our country.' " 

The speech by General Devens in Mechanics Hall, on the 
twelfth, was so compact with sense and eloquence that it 
must either be omitted or given entire. The latter alterna- 
tive is chosen, with the conviction that successive generations 
of readers will be grateful for this patriotic utterance, express- 
ive as it was of the sentiments of the author and of his' 
fellow-citizens, at the time. The applause was frequent while 
he spoke as follows : — 

" The last time," said the general, " I had the pleasure of meeting you 
in this hall, was when we were raising our quota of the nine months' 
troops, and I recollect that it seemed as if the recruiting was going on 
very slowly, and that the Thirty-fourth Regiment had to wait too long for 
its ranks to be tilled. But Massachusetts did raise the fifteen thousand 
men she was then asked for, and I do not doubt it will be done now, and 
that you, fellow-citizens, will do your share of it. I know it seems some- 
times as if our energies were overtasked, and that no swifter work could 
be accomplished, but by and by we find the reserved strength which en- 
ables us to do what we undertake, just as a noble race-horse receives 
new impulse of speed as he nears the winning post ; or as our boys 
in their boat-races, when nearing the goal, and the coxswain gives 
the word ' Now boys,' give the swifter pull tiiat carries them to the 
desired position. So now we shall find the sucngth which shall carry 
us throu<rh. 



1 86 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

I believe that the enthusiasm first manifested has deepened to a stern 
resolution to crush the conspiracy with which we have struggled for more 
than two years. More than ever now, as we see its dark colors, do we 
see that this struggle involves our life as a nation, and that we must crush 
it or be crushed by it. There are two different types of civilization at the 
North and South, which we had hoped might blend peacefully in our 
broad and genial nationality. But it could not be. A government such 
as they would establish with its corner-stone of slavery, could not live at 
peace with ours. It must have been bold, aggressive, rapacious, pressing 
upon any government like ours that sought its power in arts of peace ; and 
so in any event, this conflict could not have been avoided. ' Thrones got 
by blood must be by blood maintained,' and states founded in wrong 
must be by wrong maintained ; and thus they would have maintained 
their government. We cannot over-estimate the tremendous importance 
of the struggle in which we are engaged, both to ourselves and to the 
world. We must not fail in our duty. We know more help is needed, 
and that if we would utterly crush the serpent, we must replenish our 
armies. As I look upon this splendid audience, I know that Worcester 
feels deeply the pressing nature of the call. 

When Rosecranz was repulsed at Chickamauga, the complaints came 
up why we did not have more men, forgetting that it was not so easy for 
the Secretary of War to transport troops from the Army of the Potomac, 
fifteen hundred miles, to the desired spot at an hour's notice. When the 
Eleventh and Twelfth Army Corps went to reinforce the Army of the Cum- 
berland, how we all wished swiftness of movement for them in their long 
journey. Thank God for it, they came in time. The glorious victory of 
Chattanooga was the result. Well might the veteran Grant rejoice when 
he saw at their head that flashing sword, and knew that in the conflict be- 
fore him he might rest, not only upon the cool courage and determination 
of General Thomas, but also upon the restless energy and fiery valor 
of that general we are wont to call ' fighting Joe Hooker.' 

He appealed to the young men between eighteen and forty-five to 
recollect that this was their battle ; that bounties were generous, and pro- 
vision for families all that could be desired ; and there will be no excuse 
to decline to take a part in the struggle. He called to mind a despondent 
remark made by a subordinate in a brigade of Massachusetts men he had 
the honor to command, on the night of the retreat from Fredericksburg, 
doubting of our success. I said to him, ' What then ? You have done 
your utmost, and you can stand thus with the dignity of manhood any- 
where.' But there is not a doubt of our success. Everywhere is to be 
seen the evidence of its speedy coming. Not only by the splendid vic- 
tories of Gi^ant, but with the successful movement of General Banks, stay- 
ing foreign interference with one hand, while with the other it presses back 
the rebellion ; and I doubt not .that we shall soon hear the thunders of 



THIRD YEAR IN WORCESTER. — DRAFTING. 1 8/ 

artillery pressing against the infernal prison-house of Richmond. I trust, 
young men, you will do your duty, and not have it hereafter to say, ' / 
was young and strong, but left the army to Jlght without my help? The 
tender reproach of a French king to a tardy officer after a great victory 
was ' Ah, Creillon, what a brave day we had yesterday, and yoti -were not 
there f Look to it, that even a reproach like this be not laid to your 
charge." 

By this time a large number of enlistments had been made. 
Some were new soldiers, and others were veterans from the 
old regiments, whose time of service had expired, but who 
could not withhold their aid while the call of the country was 
so urgent. Colonel Pickett wrote that twenty-nine veterans 
at Newport News had re-enlisted for the war. Such a spirit 
at home and in the field was a good augury for the year to 
come. 



1 88 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER X. 

SIX REGLMENTS IN ACTIVE SERVICE IN EIGHTEEN HUNDRED 
AND SIXTY-THREE. 

A BRIEF survey of the general field of war should be taken 
before following the six regiments, in which this city was 
specially interested, into the field, in the begining of the year 
eighteen hundred and sixty-three. 

In the West our military history was a record of hard-won 
success. Forts Henry and Donelson had fallen before the 
assaults of Grant and Foote ; Island No. lo had yielded to 
General Pope ; we had conquered at Pittsburg Landing and 
Corinth ; and at Stone River, Rosecranz, barely escaping 
defeat, still held the field against a retiring foe. Our fleet 
commanded the Gulf, and with the army controlled the 
Mississippi far above New Orleans. The success of Du Pont 
at Hilton Head, gave us permanent possession of a part of 
the South Carolina coast, while the triumphs of Burnside at 
Roanoke Island and Newbern, held all of eastern North 
Carolina in submission. Antietam had retrieved the disasters 
of the Peninsula. Our troops entered upon the third year 
with decided advantages, notwithstanding the failure at 
Fredericksburg. The emancipation proclamation met the 
convictions of the better part of the people; it brought 
thousands of colored soldiers to our standards, and it struck 
dismay into the hearts of all thoughtful southerners. Thence- 
forth the blessing of a holy providence seemed to rest upon 
us, for though our forces were not successful at Chancellors- 
ville, yet elsewhere, on land and sea, they were triumphant. 
Before the year 1863 closed, the confederacy had been severed 
by the cajDture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, the rebel 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 1 89 

marches northward had been finally stayed by the great battle 
of Gettysburg, and the campaign had been closed in triumph 
at Chattanooga. With the end of 1863 the beginning of the 
end of the war was in sight. It is now our lot to see what 
part the brave soldiers of Worcester bore in this year's toils, 
hopes and triumphs. 

Section I. — The Fifteenth Regiment. 
After the battle of Fredericksburg in December, 1862, the 
regiment went into winter quarters at Falmouth, Virginia, 
Lieutenant-Colonel Philbrick in command. Nothing of 
special interest occurred during the winter months, unless it 
was the arrival of Colonel Ward, who had been absent on 
account of the loss of a leg since the Ball's-Blufif disaster in 
October, 1861. He assumed command on the fifth of 
February. The " regiment was subjected to a heavy detail 
for picket duty during the winter and spring. The Fifteenth, 
as a part of the Second Division, was ordered, on the twenty- 
eighth of April, to picket the line previously occupied by 
other troops, while the latter were moved towards Kelly's 
Ford. Colonel Ward was now acting as brigadier, and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Joslin commanded the regiment. On the 
second of May, the regiment passed the Rappahannock at 
Fredericksburg, on pontoon bridges, a little before sunrise, 
without serious opposition. What followed on that day will 
be given in the language of the adjutant-general's report for 
1863. 

" The Fifteenth was soon after directed to take a position on the ex- 
treme right of the First Brigade, and commenced moving to a point on the 
right of the city ; and at the same moment, the enemy's batteries opened 
from three different points with soHd shot and shell, which they kept up 
while the regiment was going the distance of half a mile. At the same 
time this movement was going on, the enemy were hurrying up their infan- 
try at double-quick and filling the rifle-pits on the crest of the hill in our 
fronts, almost in rifle range. It was our good fortune to have a slight 
embankment for a cover, where we remained for two hours, until the po- 
sition known as ' Mary Heights,' in rear of the famous bank-wall rifle-pit, 

where so many brave men laid down their lives at the first battle of Fred- 



IQO WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ericksburg, — was flanked by General Sedgwick's Sixth Corps, and the 
enemy in our front began to fall back. A canal, some thirty feet wide^ 
and too deep to ford, prevented our advancing directly in front, and we 
were obliged to return to the city before doing so. During the time we 
had remained there, the enemy had placed two guns in such a position on 
the bluif, on the south side of the river, that they had an enfilading fire on 
our line while returning to the city ; but either through their great haste 
to join their fleeing comrades, or bad practice, they did us little harm ; 
but two were slightly wounded during the whole shelling. After following 
up the enemy two miles, the second division was ordered back to the 
city ; the Fifteenth to the north bank of the river, supporting battery A, 
First Rhode Island Artillery, which covered the pontoon bridge, where we 
remained until the following day about dusk, when companies A, B, E, 
and G, moved into the rifle-pits, above and below the bridge, to cover its 
removal." 

As the regiment camped near the banks of the river until 
the eighth of May, it does not seem to have been in the battle 
at Chancellorsville on the fourth, after which General Hooker 
withdrew his forces to the north of the Rappahannock. The 
regiment was engaged in picket duty along the banks of the 
river till June 14, and after a march of three miles towards 
Stafford Court House, returned to its old camp. The next 
day it made a new start and passed Stafford Court House. 
The day being " excessively hot, and the roads dusty, and a 
great portion of the way leading through vallies shut out from 
the air, and terribly exposed to the hot rays of the sun," the 
men suffered fearfully. The distance made that day was 
eighteen miles. From the sixteenth to the nineteenth, the 
regiment moved by Dumfries and Sangster's Station to 
Centerville, where it arrived at dark. The weather was hot 
and the service very exhausting. The army was on its way 
northward toward the field of Gettysburg, not knowing what 
would befall it there. 

On the twentieth the march was to Thoroughfare Gap, 
which was reached about midnight, — a distance of eighteen 
miles. Resting till the twenty-fifth, the forces then moved 
towards the Potomac, the right wing of the regiment being 
deployed as flankers, and exposed to the artillery and cavalry 
of the enemy. One man was wounded. A heavy rain added 



i 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. I91 

to the hardships of the march. The bivouac was at Gum 
Springs. The next morning Edward's Ferry was reached, 
and the Potomac crossed, a few miles from the scene of the 
Ball's-Bkiff disaster. 

On the twenty-sixth the regiment marched twelve miles, 
and encamped near Sugar-Loaf Mountain ; on the next day, 
to Frederick City, eighteen miles, and on the twenty-ninth, 
to Uniontown, thirty-three miles. 

Here the following order was issued by General Gibbon ; 
dated the twenty-ninth, and read to the regiment : — 

" The Fifteenth and Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers, for march- 
ing to-day in the best and most compact order, and with the least strag- 
gling from their ranks, are excused from all picket duty and outside details 
for four days." 

As a matter of course, the " men were much prostrated by 
this terrible tax on their endurance." The last day of June 
was the " regular muster for pay," and on that day General 
Meade assumed the command of the army. 

The march was resumed, July i, at eight o'clock in the 
morning, and about noon heavy cannonading was heard to the 
northward. Passing Taneytown, the troops hurried forward 
to the Pennsylvania line, " under stringent orders to allow no 
man, for any cause, to fall behind." The bivouac that night 
was three miles south of Gettysburg, behind a barricade of 
rails, after a march of seventeen miles. The first day of the 
battle was over without any decisive results. But Howard 
was posted on Cemetery Ridge, and Meade, calm and self- 
possessed, was gathering up his strength. 

An hour before daylight, the regiment was on its way to 
the field of battle, and about sunrise got into position behind 
Cemetery Ridge, where a large part of the Second Corps was 
massed. There was skirmishing in the forenoon, and about 
one, P.M., the enemy opened fire with artillery on the corps, 
bursting their shells with great accuracy over the position. 
The Fifteenth, with another regiment of the brigr.de, was now 
moved out to position full three hundred yards in front of the 
main line, where a barricade of rails was hastily thrown up. 



192 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

About sunset the enemy made a furious assault on our lines. 
Having driven in the Third Corps, they speedily gained the 
flank of this advanced detachment of the Second. The 
batteries on the ridge opened on their advance with grape and 
case shot ; but through some deplorable mistake, most of 
the shots fell short, and tore with destructive effect through 
the ranks of the Fifteenth. Exposed thus to a fire in the 
front, flank and rear, the regiment was forced, after consider- 
able loss, to fall back to the position behind the ridge, where 
it bivouacked on the battle-field. 

Friday, the third of July, was the decisive day. The rebels 
made desperate efforts to break our lines, but were repulsed 
at all points. The report shall speak for us, as follows : 

" The rebels opened on our lines with over a hundred pieces of artillery 
at about one, p.m. This terrible fire was continued for over two hours ; 
but though the air seemed full of the fragments of bursting shells, but 
comparatively little damage was done. At three, p.m., the rebel infantry 
moved to the assault. Our men sprang promptly to meet them, glad at a 
prospect of work, relieving them from their painful recumbent position, 
which a broiling sun rendered the more intolerable. This contest lasted an 
hour or two ; during which both armies showed a determination to hold 
the ground, regardless of the results. A slight wavering of the rebel line 
was detected, and at the suggestion of Colonel Hall, commanding the 
Third Brigade, the colors of the Fifteenth were ordered to advance by 
Colonel Joslin, when the remnant of the regiment, led by the colonel, 
rallied promptly around them, and the whole line, as if moved by one im- 
pulse, rushed forward and carried the position." 

The battle was now ended, and the enemy, bitterly disap- 
pointed, began to draw off from the bloody field. But the 
duty of our regiment, — what was left of it, — was not done. 
They were sent out to picket the field, and at daylight on the 
morning of the fourth of July, skirmishing was commenced, 
which continued until the regiment was relieved at eight 
o'clock. The Fifteenth suffered severely in this long-fought 
battle. It went into the action with eighteen officers and 
two hundred and twenty-one enlisted men. During the three 
days, it lost three officers killed and eight wounded ; and 
nineteen enlisted men killed, and eighty-five wounded, many 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. I93 

of whom died soon after. The total of killed and wounded 
was one hundred and fifteen, nearly one half of the officers 
and men. Among the killed were Colonel Ward and 
Captains Murkland and Jorgenson. 

From the last day of the battle to the fourteenth, the 
regiment was following the enemy, over " horrible roads," and 
some of the time, in " pouring rains," when Williamsport was 
reached, where Lee succeeded in getting his discomfited 
troops across the Potomac. The enemy slowly and sullenly 
retired southward, followed by our forces, during the remainder 
of the year, without any great action to vary the campaign, or 
decide the fate of the nation. It will not be necessary or 
profitable to note every movement of our regiment' which 
bore its full share of hard service to the end. 

Passing Sharpsburg, Sandy Hook, and Pleasant Valley, and 
crossing the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers at Harper's 
Ferry, on the sixteenth, the regiment took its way through 
Loudon Valley, over the same ground traveled in the fall 
campaign of the previous year. A halt of several days was 
made at Markham Station, on the Manassas Gap railroad, 
July 23, during which a portion of the Third Corps became 
engaged with the enemy at the Gap. The Second Corps was 
hurried to its assistance as fast as possible, over paths fright- 
fully rough, and reached the scene of conflict about midnight, 
when the exhausted men were allowed to take coffee and 
bivouac for the remainder of the night. In the morning it 
was found that the enemy had retreated. The next two days 
the regiment marched forty-three miles, and went into camp 
at the Junction, where it remained to the thirtieth of July. 
From this date to the fifteenth of August, the marches were 
generally short, ihie extreme heat caused much suffering. 
At the last date, one hundred and seventy-nine recruits under 
the " Conscript Act " were received. 

While in the camp near Morrisville, orders came for the 
reo-iment to be ready to move at three o'clock on the morn- 
ing of the thirty-first. The Second Corps " marched at that 
hour toward Falmouth, to guard the fords along the Rappa- 

13 



194 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

hannock, while the cavalry force with flying artillery, under 
General Kilpatrick, moved farther down to destroy two small 
gunboats in the river, captured by the enemy a few days be- 
fore. The regiment with the rest of the Second Divison went 
to Bank's Ford, arriving there about sunset, twenty miles. 
The gunboats having been destroyed, the line of march 
was again taken up, and the old camp was reached at 
two o'clock in the morning of the fourth, where a halt was 
made till the twelfth of September. In the meantime Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Hooper had been taken prisoner. The next 
move was on the thirteenth across the Rappahannock towards 
Culpepper Court House, for the purpose of sustaining the 
cavalry ; meanwhile cannonading was heard towards Raccoon 
Ford on the Rapidan. The men had scarcely pitched their 
tents, when orders came to be prepared to move at a moment's 
notice. " Every man laid himself down that night with the 
feeling that he would be called upon to meet the enemy on 
the anniversary of the bloody battle of Antietam." But no 
battle came off, though there was picket-firing for several 
days, which kept our men on the alert, and compelled them to 
deploy and reach their position at the double-quick. 

Two great armies being in close proximity, under able and 
vigilant commanders, there was a constant possibility of a de- 
cisive conflict. Each leader was careful not to fight until the 
proper time should come, but as each was watching for the 
other to make a mistake, the soldiers were kept on the stretch 
almost without cessation. Accordingly all through the 
months of September, October and November, the Fifteenth 
Regiment, in common with the rest of the army, was march- 
ing, or picketing, or skirmishing, or lying through the night 
with orders to move at a moment's warning. For example, 
on the tenth of October, about noon, " orders v/ere received 
to strike tents immediately, and the regiment had scarcely got 
packed up, when the bugle sounded the 'assembly ;' lines 
were formed and marched out some four miles west of the 
ground occupied, and formed a line of battle along a piece of 
woods, stacked arms, and bivouacked in rear of the stacks." 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 195 

The next morning at half past one the regiment was turned 
out and marched via Brandy Station to Rappahannock Sta- 
tion ; at noon it re-crossed the river, and moved out one mile 
north of Bealton station. 

The same thing occurred the next morning at one o'clock. 
The river was crossed again. At midnight orders came to 
turn out at once, and again the river was passed in a march 
towards the Sulphur Springs, where our cavalry had been 
repulsed the day before. The next move was towards War- 
renton Junction ; then to Manassas Junction. While passing 
Auburn, on the fourteenth, the enemy attacked the Third 
Division of the Second Corps, the Fifteenth marching as 
flankers of the First Brigade, and thus exposed to danger. 
Near Bristow Station the head of the column was assailed by 
the enemy's infantry and artillery, and as our regiment was in 
the first line, it was under a sharp fire about an hour ; " hotly 
engaged " until the enemy withdrew, after suffering a severe 
loss. In this action Lieutenant Charles H. Stevens was mor- 
tally wounded, two privates were killed, nine wounded, and 
two were missing. Considering the exposure, the loss was 
small. The next day the regiment was formed in line of 
battle, was exposed to picket-firing and also under fire of 
the enemy's artillery, though without harm. On the twenty- 
third the regiment went into camp near Warrenton, and began 
to build log-houses ; but were not able to inhabit them ex- 
cept for a short time. The seventh of November brought 
the inevitable order to move, and Kelley's Ford was not 
reached till one of the hardest marches ever experienced by 
the regiment had been made. "Many of the men had just 
drawn clothing, which, together with eight days' rations, and 
rapid marching over a dusty road, told on their strength 
severely, although the distance marched was but about twenty 
miles." From this time to the twenty-seventh there was 
constant exposure, and marching; forming "line of battle," 
and enduring torrents of rain. 

At this time General Meade was anxiously seeking a favor- 
able occasion to attack General Lee, but the rebel leader was 



196 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

found to be so guarded and entrenched, that it would have 
been the height of rashness to fight. The twenty-se venth, 
at five o'clock in the morning, saw our regiment again turning 
out for a rapid march ; in the course of the day it was at its 
old position, acting as " flankers," and thus exposed to the 
enemy's fire. This was the affair at " Mine Run." The 
rebels were driven back. In this skirmish the regiment lost 
eighteen. Two officers were wounded, — one of them Lieu- 
tenant Newbury, mortally; — one, Colonel Joslin, was taken 
prisoner ; nine men were wounded, and six men missing. 
The command now devolved on Captain Eager. 

A line of battle was formed on the twenty-eighth, and again 
on the thirtieth. On the morning of the latter day, the 
regiment turned out at two o'clock, and moved in front of the 
rebel fortifications, expecting to make an assault. But the 
enemy were reinforced, and their position was impregnable. 
The first of December was like the preceding day, the regi- 
ment lying in line of battle nearly all day ; but the attempt 
was hopeless, and at nine o'clock, p.m., the army was with- 
drawn and moved to Ely's Ford, on the Rapidan. The next 
night, at the same hour, after twenty-four hours' march, they 
reached the old camp at Brandy Station. The regiment went 
into winter quarters near Stevensburg. For the third time 
they built their log-houses, and at last found some rest from 
marching and fighting. But their is no complete rest for the 
soldier in the field, and our wearied men furnished heavy 
details daily for fatigue-duty, repairing roads and building 
bridges. 

Thus closed one of the longest and severest campaigns in 
the war. From January to the end of December, the regi- 
ment was in harness almost without rest. Long and weary 
marches, constant picket duty, exposure to pitiless heat and 
violent storms, all told on the strength and endurance of 
officers and men. Besides many skirmishes and combats, the 
Fifteenth was in one of the hardest and bloodiest battles of 
the war, and one of the greatest in all history, in which it 
bore an honorable part. Its record at Gettsyburg was graven 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 



197 



indelibly into the annals of the republic. It had lost during 
the year, one colonel, — the brave and capable Ward — by 
death in battle ; Colonel Kimball had been transferred to the 
Fifty-third ; Lieutenant-Colonel Joslin and Major Hooper 
had been captured, and several other officers had been killed 
in bflttle, or had died of wounds. The losses of the men on 
the battle-field and in all the wear and tear of war had been 
numerous, and there was sorrow in many houses in Worcester 
county. 

Section II. — The Twenty-first Regiment. 

This regiment was left at the close of 1862, at Falmouth, 
where it remained doing picket duty on the Rappahannock, 
during the cold and stormy month of January, 1863, under the 
command of Colonel Clark. It broke camp on the ninth of 
February, and left the region with no regretful feelings. Its 
hardships had been borne patiently, but the memory of its 
heroic dead who fell at Fredericksburg, was saddening. In 
two days the regiment reached Newport News, and remained 
there until March 26, when it was ordered to the west. It 
reached Paris, Kentucky, on the first of April, and encamped 
in the State Fair-Grounds. Four days later it marched to 
Mount Sterling, twenty-two miles, " where," says the official 
report for the year, " it remained three months, gaining there 
one of its greatest victories — that of teaching a people once 
prejudiced against 'Yankees,' to look upon Massachusetts 
troops with respect and affection. The opinion was universal 
among the inhabitants of that country, that no troops could 
compare with those from Massachusetts." 

The regiment marched thirty-three miles on the sixth of 
July, to Lexington. Thence it went to Camp Nelson, and 
there encamped till the twelfth of September, when it started 
for East Tennessee, and marched one hundred and eighty-five 
miles, to Knoxville. From this time until the close of the 
year, there was incessant marching, watching, starving and 
fighting. It is indeed surprising that men could endure the 
hardships and ' toils which were cheerfully borne by these 



198 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

brave sons of Worcester city and county. Colonel Clark had 
been honorably discharged near the end of April, and the 
regiment was now commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel 
H awkes. 

After a week's marching and exposure, the regiment, on 
the eleventh of October, was engaged in the action at Blue 
Springs, where the enemy was driven from his position and 
pursued twenty-six miles. The march in that expedition was 
seventy-seven miles. From October 22, to November 14, 
marching and counter-marching was the order of the day, 
when the men were exposed to the severe storms of that 
season of the year, in the mountain region of Tennessee. 
Their sufferings were aggravated by poor rations and scanty 
clothing. They were on " half or quarter rations all the time, 
poorly clad and badly shod. Twenty men marched and did 
duty all this time who were completely barefooted!' 

Burnside was now in command on the upper branches of 
the Tennessee, while Grant was dealing heavy blows on the 
rebels in the neighborhood of Chattanooga. None who read 
the accounts of the brilliant exploits of our troops in the 
retreat upon Knoxville, the successful stand there, and then 
the pursuit of the discomfited enemy in the fall of 1863, will 
ever forget the thrilling effect with which they were perused 
at the time. The following narrative of the falling back upon 
Knoxville, before overpowering numbers, is taken from the 
official report. 

" November 15, before daylight, the regiment broke camp in a cold, 
heavy rain and was formed into line in readiness for action. All through 
that day and the following night the rain continued to fall, and when 
at two o'clock, A.M., the regiment started for Loudon Bridge, the roads 
were almost impassable. It cleared off cold at daylight, and the regiment 
after an exhausting march, was deployed as skirmishers, and until three 
P.M. held the position assigned them. The regiment was then ordered to 
fall back slowly, while the artillery and trains were struggling through the 
mud towards Knoxville. All through the following night the regiment 
worked its weary way. At daylight, November sixteenth, the regiment 
halted, but soon the rattle of musketry called it into action, and it re- 
mained under fire until darkness put an end to the contest, and our troops 
having narrowly escaped destruction during the day, barely escaped cap- 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 1 99 

ture in the evening, and began a third night's march ; and after a night of 
such exhausting toil as cannot be described by pen, reached Knoxville at 
daybreak, November seventeenth. During this succession of marches 
and fights, the men had not been supplied with even half-rations. But 
the half-barefooted, half-clothed and half-starved men marched to Knox- 
ville in good order, having honored Massachusetts by their cheerfulness 
and hardiness through such constant and long-continued labor and 
watchfulness." 

On arriving at Knoxville the regiment was placed in 
position, and sent a large detail on picket. All through the 
siege of Knoxville it was on active duty continually — " being 
one night on picket and the next in the rifle-pits." On the 
twenty-fourth of November the Twenty-first " made one of 
the most brilliant charges of the siege, when with another 
picked regiment, and the entire party under Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Hawkes, it attacked the sharpshooters of the enemy and 
drove them from the houses and fences of North Knoxville, 
from the rifle-pits beyond, and took and held possession of all 
the ground fortified and occupied by the rebels within the 
outskirts of North Knoxville. In doing this, we attacked and 
drove twice our number, and that in the face of the rebel 
army and batteries." During the entire siege, all who could 
keep about, were on duty, and were constantly exposed. One 
soldier — Dwight Ripley, — though exposed but a moment, 
was shot dead on the twenty-fifth. 

The enemy, under Longstreet, three days later, made a 
general attack in force, and drove in our pickets. Early on 
Sunday morning, the twenty-ninth, they attacked General 
Ferrero's position, in Fort Saunders, and were met by a 
murderous discharge of grape and canister, and the steady 
fire of our rifle-pits. They fell back, faltered and fled, leaving 
two colonels, several captains, and in all over one hundred 
dead on the field. Two hundred and thirty-four prisoners 
were captured, and the enemy's loss in the assault was not far 
from seven hundred, while our loss did not exceed twenty-five. 
But our soldiers were " wearing out," being on less than 
quarter-rations, and kept on the watch continually, yet 
" cheerful " and dauntless. 



200 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The siege was raised on the fifth of December, but even 
then the Twenty-first could not be spared, and was ordered to 
follow up the baffled enemy. How is our admiration and 
gratitude hightened by reading the closing lines of the 
Adjutant-General's Report. 

" From that time the regiment saw wearisome marches and 
constant exposure, (the tents having been left behind), and 
was reduced to such an extremity that two ears of corn a day 
were issued to each man as his rations. Thus situated, in the 
woods of East Tennessee, on the twenty-ninth of December, 
the proposal was made to the regiment to re-enlist for a new 
term of three years, and in thirty-six hotirs, all but twenty -four 
of the 7'egiment had rc-cnlistcd. During this time the utmost 
enthusiasm prevailed." 

Section III. — The Twenty-fifth Regiment. 

We left the Twenty-fifth, at the close of 1 862, at Newbern, 
North Carolina, whither it had recently returned from the 
expedition, under Colonel Pickett, to Kinston and Goldsboro'. 
During this expedition, the officers and men won the highest 
praise from their commander, who says, that " on the march, 
in the bivouac, under fire, in everything they were called upon 
to perform, they showed all the qualities of the true soldier!' 

The history of the regiment for the year 1863, will be 
drawn from the full and lucid reports of Colonel Pickett to his 
official superiors. 

The first expedition was made in compliance with the 
orders of Colonel Henry C. Lee, (then commanding the 
brigade,) to the forks of the Trenton and Kinston roads, 
seventeen miles from Newbern. This was undertaken on the 
fifth of March, and was completed on the tenth. The point 
of destination was reached about four o'clock in the afternoon. 
Secreting his force from observation, the colonel sent three 
companies of infantry, under Captain J. Waldo Denny, with 
two companies of the Third New York Cavalry, at midnight, 
rapidly up the Kinston road. The cavalry in advance were 
fired upon by the rebel pickets. "They immediately made a 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 201 

most gallant charge of over a mile, the infantry following at 
double-quick." The cavalry captured two scouts of the 
enemy, while a sergeant and a private, on our side, were 
wounded. Captain Denny being apprised that the camp of 
the rebels was alarmed, ordered the infantry in advance, and 
pushed on, receiving and returning their fire from various 
points, when within a short distance of their camp, the 
infantry were deployed as skirmishers on each side of the 
road. The line moving up steadily, passing the barricade of 
trees, and when within a few rods of the rebels, intrenched by 
another barricade, received a heavy volley of musketry. This 
was returned, and after a sharp skirmish, the rebels were 
routed, and pursued for some distance, but escaped into the 
woods. Pursuit being useless, and perhaps, under the circum- 
stances, imprudent, Captain Denny ordered his men to return, 
burnt their camp, destroying twelve tents, several log barracks, 
a large number of new knapsacks, arms, equipments and 
blankets, several boxes of new clothing, and in fact, every- 
thing left by the rebels in their hasty departure." Only five 
prisoners were taken. Our troops met with no loss ; only 
two men were wounded, and after a march of sixteen miles, 
the detachment, at six o'clock, a.m., had returned to our 
bivouac. The colonel warmly commended " the gallantry, 
bravery, and endurance of both officers and men engaged in 
the affair." They had seen fatiguing service the preceding 
day, had marched eight miles after midnight, had " whipped 
the rebels handsomely," and retired by daybreak. Captain 
Denny was " entitled to great praise for the able manner in 
which he conducted the expedition." And the colonel was 
not unmindful of his "great obligations to Captains Jacobs 
and Chamberlain," of the New York Cavalry. 

The regiment was camped for a time at a place styled 
" Nethercotes." While here, scouting parties were sent 
occasionally to take note of the movements of the enemy. 
On the morning of the eighth of March, Captain O'Neil dis- 
covered them in Trenton, and exchanged shots across the 
river. A large body of. rebel cavalry approaching, Colonel 



202 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Pickett, in accordance with orders from Colonel Lee, fell back 
to a more defensible position, and two days later to Newbern, 
leaving Captain Denny with four companies in their former 
position at Deep Gully. 

In the spring of 1863, the rebels boasted that they would 
drive the Union troops from North Carolina, and re-possess 
Newbern on the fourteenth of March, the anniversary of its 
capture, one year before, by General Burnside, The first 
demonstration was made on the afternoon of the thirteenth of 
March on the outpost at Deep Gully, with a large force of 
infantry, cavalry and artillery. 

On this day, Colonel Pickett, with six companies, started at 
half-past five p.m., for Deep Gully, where the other four 
companies were stationed, that place being attacked by the 
enemy, who were in strong force in front. Guarding and 
skirmishing followed till morning, when a company was 
moved forward which attacked the enemy's line. Musketry 
firing was kept up for nearly three hours. The colonel's 
report continues : 

"The city being attacked in our rear, the regiments supporting me were 
withdrawn for its defence, and I was left with my regiment and two pieces 
of artillery, to take care of the enemy as best I could. Having special 
orders from General Palmer not to expose the pieces, I blockaded the 
road and fell back to a better position at the Jackson House, and awaited 
their advance. They soon began to shell the woods around, and kept it 
up at intervals during the day, but did not advance. . , . Captain Har- 
rington, with one company, was sent out to observe the movements and 
position of the enemy if possible. He went as far as Deep Gully, and 
found them falling back, and exchanged shots with them at that place." 

In this expedition one man was wounded, and one was 
missing. Nothing of special importance took place, in the 
military line, for about two months, although it must be re- 
membered, that our forces by merely holding their position, 
were doing an important service. 

The regiment, however, was actively emj^loyed, although no 
decisive results were obtained. The enemy failing in their 
attempts on Newbern, next turned their attention to Washing- 
ton and Plymouth. To resist and foil their designs, Colonel 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 203 

Pickett was sent on the eighteenth of March, to the important 
post of Plymouth. He did not reach the place a moment too 
soon, as the rebels were already threatening an attack. The 
river side of the town was protected by our gun-boats, and 
the whole land force, under command of Colonel Pickett, 
began immediately to perfect the fortifications of the post. 
On the thirtieth. General Hill, while threatening Plymouth, 
made a determined attack on Washington. While he was 
wasting his strength vainly there, our troops at Plymouth 
completed the work of fortifying the post ; and General Hill, 
with his rebel forces, dejected and discouraged, withdrew. 
While in "Camp Flusser," at Plymouth, the Twenty-fifth, 
under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Moulton, performed 
much laborious service, always cheerfully undergoing the most 
fatiguing duties to ensure the safety of the place. On the 
seventh of May, the regiment being relieved by troops from 
General Wessell's brigade, was ordered back to Newbern, and 
re-occupied its old camp near the city. 

On the twenty-first of May, the regiment started at half an 
hour after midnight, on an expedition to Gum Creek. After 
a long march, and a ride on a train of cars about eight miles, 
the regiment reached Cove Creek at half-past eleven, p.m. In 
half an hour it took up its line of march for Gum Creek, Captain 
Denny at the head of company K, acting as advance-guard. 
'* We moved on quickly," writes Colonel Pickett, " meeting 
no opposition from,, or seeing any signs of the enemy, till 
about four o'clock on the morning of the twenty-second ; then 
our advaiirce-guard met the enemy's pickets, exchanged shots 
with them and drove them in. Advancing cautiously, we 
were soon in the neighborhood of the enemy's camp. By 
order of Colonel Lee, I filed my regiment into the field to the 
right of the road, and took position on the left flank of the 
enemy, forming line of battle." Captains Denny and O'Neil, 
with their companies, were sent forward as skirmishers, and 
to discover and report the position of the enemy. They soon 
sent word that they " were in sight of a long line of earth- 
works, and had exchanged shots with the enemy. I instructed 



204 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

them to engage him closely, so as to draw, if possible, his 
attention from his flanks and rear. This they succeeded in 
doing admirably. Our skirmishers exchanged their first shots 
with the enemy at his earthworks, at about half-past six, a.m. 
At ten, we heard firing in the rear of the enemy, which indi- 
cated the approach of Colonel Jones in that direction. I 
immediately strengthened my line of skirmishers by throwing 
forward company A, Captain Goodwin, and moved forward 
my regiment in line of battle. Company A was soon over the 
earthworks. The enemy, outflanked and attacked in the rear, 
had fled precipitately to the woods and swamps, and I had the 
pleasure, in a few moments, of seeing my regimental colours 
planted upon, their entrenchments. At five, p.m., the enemy, 
— no doubt, reinforced from Kinston, — moved down the 
railroad and commenced shelling the woods. The object of 
the expedition having been accomplished, we took up our line 
of march for Cove Creek." 

On the return, while acting as a rear-guard on the twenty- 
third, the enemy's advance-guard fired on our regiment from 
the opposite side of the creek. Soon word came that three 
regiments of the enemy were moving down with the very 
" evident intention of striking our left flank and rear " before 
the regiment could reach the cars. By good management, 
this design of the enemy was foiled, and our troops retired 
safely to Newbern, where they arrived about four, p.m. on the 
twenty-third, which was Saturday. Three privates were 
wounded, and one was missing. 

On the third of July, Lieutenant-Colonel Moulton, with 
companies B, C, F, I and K, was ordered to Washington, 
North Carolina, to reinforce the garrison. Three companies, 
B, C and F, under command of Captain Foss, garrisoned the 
defences at Hill's Point. Company I, Captain Parkhurst, was 
stationed at Rodman's Quarter, and company K was retained 
in the city as provost-guard. Captain Denny had been trans- 
ferred from Newbern, where he had served as provost-marshal, 
to the same position at Washington. The five companies 
remaining at or near Newbern, under command of Colonel 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 20$ 

Pickett, marched on the seventeenth of July, to Swift Creek, 
supporting the cavalry column in the Rocky Mount raid. 
There was slight skirmishing with the enemy. They returned 
on the twentieth. 

The next expedition took place in the latter part of July, and 
extended to Winton. Four companies of the regiment left 
Nevvbern on the twenty-fifth, on board the steamer " Colonel 
Rucker," at six o'clock in the morning. They reached Winton 
on the twenty-sixth, where they disembarked, " and went into 
bivouac on the Chowan River. On the twenty-eighth, two 
companies under command of Captain T. O'Neil, went to 
Colerain, twenty miles distant from Winton. The next day 
they returned, bringing with them thirty-three horses and 
mules, a number of carriages, &c." Detachments of companies 
G and H, under command of Captain Harrington, were sent 
out ten miles on the Colerain road, to bring in cotton. They 
returned, next day, with twelve bales of cotton, and twenty 
horses and mules, and a number of carriages, harnesses, &c. 
No commissary stores were met with, as the enemy had 
removed or concealed everything of the kind. On the last 
day of July the troops embarked on the steamer Utica, having 
in charge sixty-six prisoners, including three commissioned 

officers. 

At this time the force under command of Colonel Pickett 
numbered two hundred and eighteen enlisted men ; nine line 
officers ; three field and stafi" officers ; total, two hundred and 

thirty. 

The month of August was passed by the companies at 
Newbern in the work of entrenching and strengthening the 

defences. 

Colonel Pickett was assigned to the command of the sub- 
district of Pamplico, head-quarters at Washington, on the 
sixth of September. The district embraced all the line of 
fortifications in and about Washington; and also all the 
defensible works on the Tar River and vicinity. At the same 
time companies A, E, G and H, were ordered to the Red 
House, on outpost duty, under command of Major Atwood. 



206 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

Company D, Captain Foster, garrisoned Fort Stevenson, on 
the Neuse River. On the twenty-second of October, Surgeon 
Rice, with his orderly, was taken prisoner, outside the Hn es, 
by a scouting party of rebels, near our outpost at Red House. 
He was exchanged after a brief stay at the " Libby." 

In this scattered condition the regiment did valuable service 
until October 23, when orders were received for the Twenty- 
fifth to concentrate at Nevvbern, under Lieutenant-Colonel 
Moulton, and immediately proceed to Fortress Monroe, with 
a view to joining in a projected movement on Weldon Bridge, 
North Carolina ; but in the meantime, General Foster being 
ordered to Tennessee, and General Butler assuming command, 
the expedition was abandoned, and the regiment went into 
camp at Newport News. On the fifth of December, Colonel 
Pickett having been relieved from the command at Washing- 
ton, North Carolina, joined the regiment with the adjutant, 
Lieutenant McConville, and Lieutenant Drennan, both of 
whom had been serving on staff duty at Washington with 
him. 

On the fourteenth of December, the regiment was stationed 
at Camp Upton, Newport News, where it remained until the 
fourteenth of the succeeding February. While there four 
hundred and thirty-two of the men were re-enlisted under 
the provisions of General Order, No. 191, C. S., 1863, War 
Department, and were allowed to proceed to Massachusetts 
on furlough as a veteran regiment. 

While the Twenty-fifth was absent from the field, and the 
members who had re-enlisted, were enjoying the delights of 
home, those whose term of service had not expired, and who 
had not re-enlisted, were kept in active service, under the 
following " General Order." 

" All non-commissioned officers and privates not re-enlisting, shall be 
permanently transferred to other organizations, to serve out the balance 
of their term of service. Non-commissio7ied officers will be reduced to the 
ranksy 

The statements which follow are given on the testimony, 
and often in the words of Sergeant Samuel H. Putnam, who 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 20/ 

belonged to Company A. In consequence of the above order, 
companies A, G and I, as companies, with members of all the 
other companies of the regiment, in all two hundred and forty 
men, left Newport News, on the twenty-first of January, 1864, 
for Yorktown and Williamsburg. For a time they did duty 
with the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth New York Regi- 
ment, Colonel Roberts. At this time General Butler formed 
the plan of taking Richmond by surprise, and the members of 
our regiment were in the expedition. About five thousand 
troops started from Williamsburg, February 26, two thousand 
of which were cavalry. They made a forced march as far as 
Bottom's Bridge, twelve miles from Richmond. The cavalry 
made a dash at the bridge, but were repulsed. The plan 
seems to have been well-conceived, but was probably defeated 
by treachery. The design was that the infantry should hold 
the bridge, when taken, while the cavalry pushed on to Rich- 
mond, where they were to destroy public property, release our 
prisoners, do all possible mischief to the enemy, and return. 
Though the expedition was a failure, the march was none the 
less severe. The distance was eighty miles in three days. 
Colonel Roberts gave orders that all stragglers should be put 
under arrest. The result was that while the guard-house was 
full of his own men, not a man of our regiment was found 
straggling. Every man out of two hundred and forty, was 
"square up to the mark." To use their own phrase, they 
were " right on their proud." 

After returning to Williamsburg they were engaged in 
camp duties, and sent on occasional raids, until the third of 
March, when they v/ere relieved, and marched to Newport 
News, where, in due time, they joined the Twenty-fifth, on its 
return from home. Before leaving Williamsburg, a staff 
officer inspected the men, and awarded to them the highest 
praise for their soldierly bearing, their splendid movements at 
drill, the superb condition in which their guns and equipments 
were kept, and the promptness with which every duty assigned 
them was performed. 



208 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Section IV. — The Thirty-fourth Regiment. 

This regiment, composed mainly of volunteers from Wor- 
cester and the western counties of the state, was stationed at 
the opening of 1863, at Fort Lyon, near Alexandria. It con- 
stituted the garrison of that post and the redoubts connected 
therewith. It was frequently reviewed and inspected during 
the winter, and was drilled very thoroughly in the skirmish 
and artillery tactics until May 2, when it was ordered to 
Upton Hill. At this post it performed picket duty, and 
garrisoned the earthworks, until June 2, when it was ordered 
to Washington. " It occupied barracks on East Capitol 
Street, and furnished guards for the Old Capitol and Carroll 
prisons, the Baltimore depot, and other public buildings; 
being also employed in escorting prisoners to Fort Delaware." 
" It gained in Washington," says the Adjutant-General's 
Report for 1863, "a high reputation for the neatness, quiet, 
and tasteful arrangement of its quarters ; the elegance of its 
muskets ; its soldierly bearing and discipline ; its proficiency 
in drill, and the excellence of its band. Its dress parades 
were especially complimented by the press, and drew large 
crowds of spectators." 

There was a municipal celebration at Washington, on the 
fourth of July, the joy of which was increased by the glad 
news from Gettysburg. On this occasion the regiment 
formed part of the escort, " turning out in very full ranks, and 
eliciting flattering eulogy from Major-General Heintzelman 
and other eminent officers. 

The regiment was ordered to Harper's Ferry on the ninth, 
and started the same night. It encamped at Maryland 
Heights, as the enemy occupied Harper's Ferry at the time. 
Colonel Wells was assigned to the command of the First 
Brigade in the division of General Nagle. On the fourteenth, 
the colonel, with the regiment, crossed the Potomac in boats, 
and took possession of Harper's Ferry, the " enemy retiring 
double-quick when the advance boat was nearing the Virginia 
shore. The regiment at once occupied the town," and cap- 
tured several rebel prisoners. 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD, 2O9 

Subsequent to this the regiment was employed in picket 
and patrol duty, and as provost-guard at Harper's Ferry and 
Bolivar. It belonged to the First Brigade, First Division, 
Department of Western Virginia. It retained its reputation 
for drill and discipline, and was " exceedingly fortunate in its 
freedom from disease and hardship." 

A portion of Colonel Wells' brigade, posted at Charlestown, 
eight miles out from Harper's Ferry, was surprised by the 
enemy under General Imboden, at daylight on the eighteenth 
of October. Only a few escaped capture. The colonel 
started at once with the Thirty-fourth, one battery of light 
artillery and a detachment of cavalry, leaving orders for other 
troops to follow as soon as possible. In the words of the 
official report : 

"The regiment marched so rapidly, that the reinforcements, though 
only two miles behind at the start, could not overtake it or diminish the in- 
terval. Imboden left Charlestown, and retreated towards Berrysville, fight- 
ino- as he went. The country was admirably adapted for his purpose, af- 
fording wooded summits, where his artillery could be posted so as to com- 
mand "the intervening open valleys. Colonel Wells disposed his artillery 
so as to drive their forces from these shelters, and sent the regiment 
into the woods as skirmishers, pursuing them thus from one hill to an- 
other for nearly two miles, when it being nearly dark, he was recalled by 
orders from division head-quarters. His force numbered, in all, less than 
seven hundred men: that of General Imboden was ascertained to have 
been not far from fifteen hundred. The loss of the enemy was twenty-one 
prisoners taken, and sixty-nine killed and wounded. Corporal M. Gardner 
Gage, while bearing the white flag of Massachusetts, riddled with bullets, 
but still full high advanced, and private N. A. Clark, also of the color- 
cruard, standing beside him, were shot through the heart in the last 
skirmish. Lieutenant Cobb and four men were wounded, — the former 
severely, the others slightly. 

The regiment was commended by the commander of the brigade and 
division, for the steadiness of its conduct, forming line of battle under fire 
with the same precision as in ordinary drills, and the endurance of the 
men, evinced by marching thirty-five miles, without food or rest, in fifteen 
hours, and successfully fighting double their number for ten miles, return- 
ing to camp without a straggler." 

The regiment was not called into battle again until the 
tenth of December, being employed as before in picket and 

14 



2IO WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

patrol duty. At the last date it entered upon an expedition 
which tasked its power of endurance, but it was equal to the 
occasion. It started with the rest of the First Brigade, co- 
operating with the movements of Averill and Scammon, in the 
accomplishment of General Kelley's successful raid on the 
Virginia and Tennessee railroad. Colonel Wells' Brigade was 
ordered to move up the valley by prescribed marches, as " far 
as Harrisonburg, threatening Staunton, and creating a diver- 
sion in favor of Averill by occupying the attention of the ene- 
my." The weather was rendered severe by cold, rain and snow. 
At Harrisonburg it was found that General Early was in front 
with a large force, and that a rebel brigade was moving to cut 
off our retreat. The situation and the escape will be given in 
the words of the official report, it being remembered that the 
regiment was generally under the command of Lieutenant- 
Colonel Lincoln, while Colonel Wells was acting as a briga- 
dier-general. 

" The force, numbering about fourteen hundred men, was nearly sur- 
rounded by six or seven thousand of the enemy. It being learned that 
General Averill had accomplished his part of the plan and returned, Colo- 
nel Wells had recourse to strategy to get out of the trap. By starting the 
infantry off after dark and marching all night, leaving large fires and an 
extended front of cavalry, the enemy were kept back several hours, and 
when they ascertained that the column had escaped them, they were un- 
able to overtake it. 

The infantry marched from Harrisonburg to Harper's Ferry, (one hun- 
dred miles) in less than four days, despite the long marches of the jore- 
vious week, and reached camp in good spirits, without a straggler, on the 
afternoon of December 14, having fully accomplished the object of the ex- 
pedition, and without the loss of a man, bringing in about one hundred 
prisoners, — many of them with horses, arms and equipments. The en- 
durance and good conduct of the regiment received the hearty praises 
and thanks of the division and department commanders." , 

The spirit and discipline of the regiment were shown the 
next day, when it came out at evening parade, with full ranks, 
" the arms and equipments gleaming as brightly, after a fifteen 
days' campaign, without tents, in the middle of December, as 
on a Sunday inspection in Washington." The report of this 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 211 

regiment's year of service, closes as it began, with commenda- 
tion of its drill and discipline, which had the effect of winning 
for it a good name in all the commands to which it was 
attached. 

Up to this time, twenty-five sergeants and corporals had 
been promoted to the rank of commissioned officers ; sixteen 
of these were in different regiments of colored troops. 

Section V. — The Thirty-sixth Regiment. 

The Thirty-sixth remained where we left it, at the close of 
1862, in camp near Falmouth, Virginia, until the tenth of 
February, when it left for Newport News, where the Ninth 
Army Corps was encamped. Six weeks were passed there 
in drill, when the regiment was ordered to the west with 
the First Division, to which it belonged, in General Burn- 
side's Department. 

To prevent confusion in regard to the officers in command, 
it may be stated here that Colonel Bowman commanded until 
the twenty-seventh of July, when he was discharged ; that 
Lieutenant-Colonel Norton was discharged on the thirtieth ; 
that Major Goodell, next in rank, was severely wounded, 
(being struck by a piece of shell), on the tenth of October, at 
Blue Springs, Tennessee, and that Major William F. Draper 
was in command during the remainder of the year. The 
narrative of the movements of the Thirty-sixth, which here 
follows, is made up from the report of Major Draper, which 
report gives ample proof that the regiment went through 
almost incredible toils and hardships, and rendered effective 
service. 

The regiment left Newport News in the last week of March, 
1863, and proceeded by boat and rail, via Baltimore, Parkers- 
burg and Cincinnati, to Lexington, Kentucky, where it ar- 
rived on the twenty-ninth, and went into camp. A week 
later, in accordance with special orders from General Burn- 
side, it was sent to Cincinnati to prevent a riot and guard 
the polls during a municipal election. After the election the 
regiment returned to Lexington, and the next day started 



212 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

on a march for " Camp Dick Robinson," thirty miles, where it 
arrived on the ninth of April. 

After camping three weeks, the next march was to Middle- 
burg, thirty-eight miles, where a halt was made till the twenty- 
third of May. From this date to the thirtieth, the regiment 
marched nearly one hundred and thirty miles, pursued 
Morgan's guerillas, and returned without loss to Columbia, 
Adair County, bringing twenty-five prisoners. In this last 
service, it was in company with other forces. 

June I, Colonel Bowman received command of a brigade, 
though retaining his connection with the Thirty-sixth, and on 
that night marched to Jamestown, twenty miles, and captured 
a few guerillas. At noon on the fourth, the brigade started 
for Lebanon, sixty miles distant, and arrived in forty-eight 
hours. June 7, they started for Vicksburg, by rail, via In- 
diana and Illinois, to Cairo, where they embarked on the 
steamer Meteor. They were fired upon while going down the 
river, but suffered no loss. The regiment, as part of the 
Ninth Corps, was stationed six miles in rear of Vicksburg, to 
prevent the rebel General Johnston from raising the siege. 
Vicksburg fell on the fourth of July, and soon our regiment, 
in common with other forces under Grant, started in pursuit 
of Johnston, and followed him up with unremitting energy, 
nothwithstanding the intense heat. On the eleventh, com- 
panies A and F were deployed as skirmishers, and assisted in 
driving the enemy to his rifle-pits. Here a position was 
occupied in range of the enemy until the seventeenth, when 
they evacuated Jackson, Mississippi. In these actions com- 
pany F lost two men killed, and eleven wounded. On the 
evening of the ninth day, the regiment was at Canton, having 
torn up five miles of railroad track on the way. From there 
to Snyder's Bluff, a distance of seventy miles, the regiment 
marched in four or five days. The bluff was reached on the 
twenty-third of July. "This march, was shamefully managed 
by the brigadier in command, — not Colonel Bowman — and 
fatal in its consequences to many of our men. Without 
rations, under a Mississippi sun, they were marched till some 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 213 

dropped dead in the ranks, and nearly all fell out exhausted. 
Arrived at Milldale, nearly half the First Division went into 
hospital." The fifth of August, the regiment embarked on 
the Hiawatha, for Cairo. Thence by rail to Covington, Ken- 
tucky, where it arrived on the twelfth, and went into barracks. 
"The Mississippi campaign," continues the report, "was a 
very severe one for the Thirty-sixth, worse than half a dozen 
battles in a moderate climate would have been. From the 
effects of it the regiment lost full fifty men by death, and 
nearly twice that number by discharge." In passing through 
Kentucky by rail or on foot, many sick were left at various 
places. On the tenth of September the regiment " numbered 
one hundred and ninety-eight guns out of nearly eight 
hundred enlisted men." On the twenty-second of September 
this remnant reached Morristown, Tennessee, having marched 
one hundred and forty miles. 

The regiment was kept busy from this date to the close of 
the campaign. General Burnside was defending East Ten- 
nessee against the hordes of rebels under Longstreet and 
other leaders, and was alternately advancing or retreating, or 
fighting, until the enemy were driven into Georgia or Vir- 
ginia, some one way and some another. From September 27 
to the third of the next month, the regiment was in camp at 
Knoxville. Then it was ordered up to meet rebels from 
Virginia under General Jones. These were defeated on the 
tenth, at Blue Springs, where the regiment lost three officers 
and three men wounded ; among the former was Lieutenant- 
Colonel Goodell, at the head of his men. One of the wounded 
men soon died. The next day the enemy was chased twenty 
miles, and many prisoners were taken. The regiment was 
back to Knoxville on the fifteenth, and rested there five days. 
The next march was south to Loudon, thirty miles, " where 
the rebels were threatening our position." The Tennessee 
was crossed and re-crossed, as exigencies required, until 
October 4, when the regiment was notified that it would 
remain there for the winter. The men spent a fortnight in 
putting up winter-quarters, and had nearly finished them, when 



214 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the dream was dispelled, and the toughest fighting experience 
ot the whole year began. Longstreet was moving up the 
valley, eager, determined, and fully expecting to annihilate 
Burnside and his whole force. On the fourteenth of Novem- 
ber, orders came to move, as Longstreet was advancing. The 
history of the next month will be given mainly in the words 
of the " Report." 

The teams of this brigade were away, and no others could 
be obtained ; hence nearly all the regimental baggage was left 
for want of transportation, and destroyed. Several regiments 
were sent out on the " Kingston road to prevent the advance 
of the enemy from that direction. The Thirty-sixth was the 
regiment farthest advanced, and at dark the rebel advance 
was in plain sight. We remained in line all night, — the 
other troops were withdrawn. Three times the enemy ad- 
vanced, — probably to ascertain if we were still there, — and 
as many times they received sufficient proof that we were, 
and fell back." Falling back towards Knoxville, according to 
orders, they were attacked by the enemy near Campbell's 
Station, and here, alter half an hour's sharp firing, repulsed 
them. " Just as we did so a force appeared in our rear. We 
faced about, gave them a volley which scattered them ; 
marched back a quarter of a mile to where our batteries were 
in position, and supported them until dark. At that time the 
enemy being repulsed, we again marched toward Knoxville, 
which we reached about three next morning." 

At Campbell's Station, one officer and two privates were 
killed ; three officers and fourteen privates were wounded, and 
four men were missing. 

The regiment was deployed as skirmishers on the seven- 
teenth and remained out forty-eight hours. On the nineteenth, 
it came in, constructed rifle-pits, and with the brigade, occu- 
pied the since famous Fort Saunders, and the line on the east 
of it to the river, during the siege. Soon came on the furious 
and persistent fighting which baffled the enemy and sent 
them back towards Georgia. When our pickets were driven 
in on the night of the twentv-eighth, one man was wounded, 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 21$ 

and one taken prisoner. The fierce assault of the rebels was 
on the morning of the next clay, when they fell in heaps. Our 
regiment lost one killed and one wounded. The siege soon 
closed, and on the night of the fourth of December, our 
pickets, under Captain Ames, were the first to discover the 
retreat of the enemy. Says the report in closing : 

" During the seige the men suffered much from cold, hunger, want 
of clothing, and of proper sleep. The men stopped constantly in the rifle- 
pits, except when on picket. Quarter-rations only were issued, many 
lacked blankets and shoes, and nearly all overcoats ; and one-third, and 
sometimes one-half of the men were kept awake at night. The morning 
of the seventh, we moved in pursuit of the rebels ; we followed them thirty 
miles, to Rutledge. [There was advancing, retreating, and again advanc- 
ing, in the next few days.] While we were at Rutledge, a sergeant and 
ten men were sent out to a mill, by order of the brigade commander, and 
on our retreat they were captured, as was a messenger sent to warn 
them. 

The regiment has marched an aggregate distance of one thousand and 
thirteen miles, and has been transported an aggregate distance of four 
thousand three hundred and twenty-eight miles. We have now eighteen 
officers, and one hundred and ninety-two enlisted men present for duty. 
Since we left the state, [in September 1862,] one officer and seven men 
have been killed or died of wounds, three officers and seventy-nine men 
have died of disease, twelve officers and one hundred and thirty men have 
been discharged, twenty-two men have been transferred to other organ- 
izations, and thirty-three men have been wounded in action, and eighteen 
men taken prisoners. Eight have been promoted from the ranks." 

Such was the change made in a regiment in little more 
than a year, by the terrible strain of war. The condition and 
prospects of the Thirty-sixth, at the close of 1863, will be 
seen by the last words of the report. 

" We are in a state of utter destitution, and as we are so far from civili- 
zation, we can get nothing by requisition. One old wall tent, without a 
fly, constitutes our camp equipage, and yesterday I received the pleasing 
intelligence that we could get no more in East Tennessee. The men are 
still on very short rations. I believe you have our original descriptive 
roll at the State House. Ours being lost, I should like to have a copy 
of it sent me by mail. It is necessary for the transaction of much regi- 
mental business." 



2l6 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Section VI. — The Fifty-first Regiment. 

The Fifty-first was scarcely in the field, — the last weeks 
of the preceding year — before it was engaged in the realities 
of war. Its services were recognised in a " Department General 
Order," January, 15, 1863, by which the names " Kinston," 
" Whitehall," and " Goldsboro'," were authorized to be in- 
scribed on the colors of the regiment. 

The first death in the regiment occurred on the eleventh of 
January, of the disease known in medical works as " Cerebro- 
spinal Meningitis." This singularly fatal malady, says the 
official report, "during the two months following, consigned 
to the grave about twenty from among the hardiest and best 
soldiers." 

The regiment with other troops was out on an expedition 
from the seventeenth to the twenty-fourth, in detachments, 
and had skirmishes with the enemy. A heavy rain made 
muddy roads and overflowing streams. The object of the 
expedition having been accomplished, the troops returned to 
Newbern, and the colonel made a report of the movement 
to Colonel T, J. C. Amory, commanding the brigade. One 
soldier, named William P. Kent, who started in apparent 
health, was suddenly taken sick, and died in an ambulance on 
the route. 

As the regiment suffered severely from an increasing sick- 
list, and frequent deaths, six companies were moved on the 
twentieth of February, from the barracks to Deep Gully, 
eight miles out on the Trent road, as a sanitary measure. 
But the weather was not favorable, and the shelter tents were 
not such as to secure comfort to the suffering men, conse- 
quently the regiment was broken into fractions, by a special 
order, in the early days of March. It ordered : — "That Col- 
onel Sprague, with his regiment, relieve the companies sta- 
tioned at different points along the railroad between Newbern 
and Morehead City ; also, those at Morehead City, Beaufort, 
and Evans' Mills. On the second and third of March, the 
regiment accordingly was distributed as follows. Company 
G, Captain T. D. Kimball, remaining at Brice's Ferry. 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 21/ 

Company K, Captain D. W. Kimball, Evans* Mills. Com- 
panies D, Captain Prouty ; H, Captain Hobbs ; B, Captain 
Bascom ; and I, Captain Thayer, Newport ; Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Studley. Companies A, Captain Wood, and C, Captain 
Goodell, Morehead City. Companies E, Captain Wheeler, 
and F, Captain Baldwin, Beaufort ; head-quarters at Beaufort. 
Major E. A. Harkness was designated as provost-marshal of 
Beaufort and Morehead City." 

Lieutenant Sanderson and twenty-two men were ordered, 
March 25, to man the gun-boat Hussar, lying in Beaufort 
Harbor, and were instructed in naval gunnery. March 30, 
Colonel Sprague, by special order from Department Head- 
quarters, assumed command of the sub-district of Beaufort, 
which included Fort Macon, and company C, Captain 
Goodell, was added to the garrison. Meantime the health of 
the regiment had greatly improved, and it returned to its 
quarters in Foster Barracks, on the Trent, on the fourth of 
May. It left the barracks on the twenty-second, and select- 
ing a spot near the junction of the Trent and Neuse, called 
it " Camp Wellington," in honor of a patriotic citizen of 
Worcester. 

In obedience to instructions from Department Head- 
quarters, Colonel Sprague, with five companies, (B, C, D, H, 
and I,) and other forces, started on an expedition on the 
seventh of May, and after marching, watching and exposure, 
and having gained valuable information, returned to Newport 
barracks. 

A question arose concerning the time of the expiration of 
the term of service of the nine months' men, in reference to 
which the commissary of musters of the Eighteenth Corps 
issued a circular, from which the following paragraph is 
taken. After stating the rule adopted by the government, 
it proceeds : — 

" Its fairness and liberality can hardly be questioned by any save those 
whose patriotism is of so weak a nature as to begrudge to their country a 
short period additional to their specified nine months. In order, how- 
ever, that no possible ground of complaint may exist, the general com- 



2l8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

manding authorises me to state that any company in this department, 
will, on application of its captain, approved by the colonel commanding 
the regiment, be furnished with transportation, and allowed to proceed 
home in time to reach it in nine months from the time of its muster into 



At the evening parade June lo, the above was read to the 
regiment, accompanied by the following from Colonel 
Sprague. " I have caused to be read to the whole com- 
mand, a circular which was drawn out by dissatisfaction 
with the direction of the War Department, in regard to the 
time of mustering out the nine months' men. 

Without entering upon an argument in regard to the justice 
or equity of the decision of the War Department, I rely upon 
the good judgment, the patriotism and intelligence of the 
officers and soldiers of this regiment who entered the service, 
and have stood together unflinchingly in the line of duty, to 
take no action which will compromise them in the eyes of 
the country and their friends. Rather let us be over-zealous 
in the service, than be relieved one moment too soon by our 
own action." 

This was enough. The report goes on to say that not a 
" company of the regiment signified a desire to avail them- 
selves of the offer in the foregoing circular." 

At this time the rebel army under Lee was passing north- 
ward into Maryland and Pennsylvania, and there was greater 
need of soldiers there than in North Carolina. General Foster 
ordered the regiment to report at Fortress Monroe, where it 
arrived, per steamer Thomas Collyer, and schooner A. P. Howe, 
on the twenty-seventh of June. One hundred and eighty-three 
sick had been left behind. Colonel Sprague reported to the 
senior officer of the post, who directed the regiment to pro- 
ceed to Cumberland, Virginia, on the Pamunkey. Leaving 
the sick and all surplus baggage at the fortress, all embarked 
on the Collyer, and proceeded up York River, receiving on 
the way orders to report to General Dix at the White House. 
General Dix having no special need of the regiment, and 
hearing that its term of service had nearly expired, ordered 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 219 

it to return to Fortress Monroe, and " there make requisi- 
tion upon the quarter-master for transportation to Massachu- 
setts, to be mustered out of service." 

Arriving at the fortress on the evening of June 28, and 
learning the critical condition of the Army of the Potomac, 
the colonel offered the service of the regiment for the emer- 
gency, which offer was accepted, and the regiment proceeded 
to Baltimore, where it arrived on the first of July, almost 
within hearing of the guns at Gettysburg, Here the regi- 
ment remained till the sixth, being employed in fatiguing 
duties and hard marching. On the fifth, six companies un- 
der Lieutenant-Colonel Studley, were detailed to escort two 
thousand three hundred rebel prisoners taken at Gettysburg, 
from the railroad station to Fort McHenry ; and on the fourth, 
the regiment had the " honor of being detailed to search the 
houses of the citizens of Baltimore for arms. Thousands of 
arms of various kinds were seized, and deposited at the office 
of the city marshal." The police assisted in this duty which 
was " successfully and creditably performed." 

On the sixth of July, at six o'clock in the morning, the 
regiment left Baltimore and proceeded to Monocacy Junction ; 
thence on the seventh, they moved to Sandy Hook. On their 
arrival there, they were ordered to proceed to Maryland 
Heights. " The rain was steadily falling, and the night was 
dark." Three regiments and a battery, all under command of 
Colonel Sprague, commenced the ascent not far from nine 
o'clock. After hours of delay, and weary marching, the 
column arrived at Fort Duncan, on the Heights, about four 
on the morning of the eighth. The regiment was employed 
on " outpost duty " till the twelfth, when it was ordered to join 
the army of the Potomac at Boonsboro', and assist in cutting 
off the retreat of General Lee, who was making his way to 
Virginia, They left at nine o'clock p.m., Sunday night, the 
twelfth, and after marching all night, and to three in the after- 
noon of the next day, — twenty-seven miles, — arrived at the 
front. It should not be forgotten that this severe and ex- 
hausting service was done by men whose term of service had 



220 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

expired, and who had been expecting before this time to see 
their homes. In the words of the colonel : — " Surcharged 
with malaria contracted in the swamps of North Carolina, 
without camp equipage, kettles, or a change of clothing in wet 
weather, the men were poorly prepared to endure the fatigue, 
and large numbers became sick, and were sent back to Balti- 
more from Sandy Hook and Maryland Heights, so that when 
it arrived at the front, there was present for duty only en 
aggregate of two hundred and seventy-five men," 

The enemy was in no humor for fighting, if it could be 
avoided, and disappeared in the night of the fifteenth. Our 
troops were in motion on the morning of the fourteenth, in 
pursuit, the Fifty-first being with the main body. Lee crossed 
the Potomac at Williamsport, and so was permitted to prolong 
the war another year. There was now no pressing exigency 
to demand the retention of soldiers whose time of service had 
expired, and the regiment received orders from Corps Head- 
quarters, July 1 7, to return to Massachusetts. They reached 
Baltimore on the next day, and on the twenty-first of July 
their eyes greeted the spires of Worcester, where they had a 
reception, the sick left at Newbern having already reached 
home. The number of those who entered the service was 
nine hundred and thirty-eight ; the number mustered out, 
July 27, was eight hundred ; loss, one hundred and thirty- 
eight. 

The reception took place on the day of their arrival, and 
notwithstanding a heavy rain, there was a great concourse of 
people, and a long procession. The regiment arrived about 
halfpast ten o'clock, via New London. As the train came 
across the Common, the cheers from the vast concourse gave 
assurance of a hearty welcome. The regiment was escorted 
to Mechanics Hall, where a collation was provided by the 
mayor and City Council. After the collation, which was 
choice and abundant, a procession was formed and moved in 
the following order. 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 221 

Cavalcade, 
Worcester Cornet Band, 
State Guard, 
Light Infantry — Past Members, 
City Guards — Past Members, 
Sons of Temperance, 
Father Mathew Temperance Society, 
Other Associations of Worcester, 
Citizens of Worcester, 
Delegation from Grafton, 
Delegation from Shrewsbury with Band, 
Delegations from Other Towns, 
Worcester Fire Department with Boston Brigade Band, 
Mayor, Aldermen and Common Council, 
Past Mayors, 
Invited Guests, 
Selectmen of Grafton and Other Towns Invited, 
Other City Officials, 
Fifty-first Regiment. 

The procession moved down Front to Summer Street, 
through Summer to Lincoln Square, up Main Street to City 
Hall, where it arrived about one o'clock, p.m. 

After as many had entered as the hall could hold, his 
Honor, Mayor D. Waldo Lincoln, made an appropriate ad- 
dress of welcome. He referred to the brave history of the 
regiment, and thanked God that so many had returned. 
Referring to the condition of the country, he spoke with hope 
of the future. " Home, Sweet Home " was sung by multi- 
tudinous voices, and with grand effect. 

Colonel Sprague, in behalf of his regiment, replied with 
true feeling and eloquence, and expressed the heartfelt grati- 
tude of all his command for such a kind reception. 

After remarks from others, Colonel Sprague called for three 
cheers for the escort. Then three cheers were given to 
Colonel Sprague with tremendous energy. Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Studley and Major Harkness were cordially cheered also, 
and then the weary, but happy, soldiers were allowed to rest, 
and find a still dearer reception in the society of private 
friendship. 



222 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

There were two other regiments of nine months' men, in 
which Worcester was represented by patriotic soldiers. 
These were the Forty-second and the Fiftieth. It is 
therefore a pleasant duty to trace the history of those corps 
so far as the services of our men were connected with them. 

Company E, of the Forty-second Regiment, was under the 
command of Captain Frederick G. Stiles, of this city. 
Augustus Ford, also of this city, was first lieutenant. Be- 
sides these were about thirty enlisted men, from Worcester, 
whose names will be found in the closing chapter. The 
rest of the company was from the neighboring towns. 

The Forty-second was a Boston regiment and was origi- 
nally the Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 
Fifth Brigade, First Division. It was recruited as the Forty- 
second Regiment, at Readville, (Camp Meigs,) where it 
remained until completely organized, November 6, 1862. 
The history of the regiment is interesting, especially the part 
of it — companies D, G and F, — which formed the expedition 
of Colonel Burrill to Galveston, Texas, and was captured 
after a gallant defence. We shall leave their history to be 
read elsewhere. 

Company E, with the rest of the regiment, arrived in New 
York on the second day of November, and after a march of 
nine miles to East New York, bivouacked in the street and in 
sheds, no preparation having been made for its reception. 
The regiment was shipped to New Orleans in detachments, in 
four transports. Company E went on board the Charles 
Osgood, with company K. Only one of the four vessels was 
seaworthy, viz., the Saxon. The Charles Osgood was an " old 
Long-Island-Sound propeller, and in every respect an unsea- 
worthy boat. She was sent to sea, December 3, with but one 
small compass, no charts, no chronometer, no life-preservers, 
and but two small boats, and her master had never been be- 
yond Fortress Monroe." The first night out a gale disabled 
her, she put into Cape-May Harbor, and thence proceeded to 
Philadelphia for repairs. Procuring a new master, she put to 
sea again on the fourteenth, and on the twentieth struck quite 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD, 223 

heavily on Fernandina Shoals, off the coast of Florida. It 
was necessary to stop at Key West for repairs. New Orleans 
was reached on the first of January, 1863, The troops were 
landed at Carrollton on the fifth, and marched to Camp 
Mansfield. 

While Colonel Burrill was operating in Texas, until his 
capture, the remaining seven companies, under Lieutenant- 
Colonel J. Stedman, by order of General Banks, were attached 
to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Army 
Corps, on the thirteenth of January. These companies, how- 
ever, were soon separated, and employed in different direc- 
tions, according to the exigency of the service. Company E, 
with four other companies, at Camp Mansfield, were ordered, 
on the twenty-sixth, to take post at a point known as " Bayou 
Gentilly," on the Pontchartrain railroad. While the other 
companies were sent hither and thither in April and May, 
companies B and E were left at head-quarters, and though 
constant details were made for detached duties, yet a regular 
system of drill was pursued, and the time well employed. 
" The post was deemed of the utmost importance by General 
Sherman, and Colonel Stedman was ordered to use the strict- 
est vigilance and care in the management of its affairs." On 
the ninth of June, a portion of company E was ordered to 
Brashear City, and on the twentieth, a section of this portion 
was ordered on board the gun-boat Hollyhock, to accompany 
her on a short trip as sharpshooters. In fact, the company 
was so divided up that it is impossible to trace its movements. 

There was a fight on the twenty-first, between the rebels 
and our forces, both artillery and infantry, in which a part of 
company E was engaged, and one man, Reuben Dyson, was 
mortally wounded. This was at Lafourche Crossings. Some 
of the particulars of the battle are given in the language of 
the report, as follows : — 

" A severe rain storm set in, rendering tlie condition of the men ex- 
tremely uncomfortable. About sunset, artillery-firing, from both sides, be- 
came general. Under cover of darkness and the smoke, the enemy ad- 
vanced to within a few rods of this section of artillery, and then with a yell 



224 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

charged on the line ; the infantry with the artillery poured a raking fire 
into the rebel ranks, and then in accordance with previous orders, gal- 
lantly fought their way back to the main body of our troops, where they 
took position on the left of our line of battle, and faithfully held it until the 
action was ended. The battle raged hand to hand for some time, and al- 
though the enemy were superior in numbers, they were unable to break 
our lines, and were forced to retreat, leaving their dead and wounded on 
the field." 

The regiment was actively employed till its term of service 
expired, and was in one or more actions, as that at Brashear 
City, for example, but it is impossible to ascertain what part 
company E bore in the rest of the campaign. It doubtless 
deserved a fair share of the praise conveyed in these words of 
the report : — " The service of the regiment, although varied, 
was well performed, and this report should not close without 
some praise for the enlisted men in its ranks. Whatever duty 
they were called upon to perform was faithfully executed. 
Thoroughly imbued with the princiiDle of the noble general 
in whose corps they were placed, that ' success is duty,' they 
always on all occasions cheerfully labored for success, that duty 
might be done." On the thirty-first of July, the regiment 
started for home ; arrived at New York, by sea, on the eighth 
of August ; at Boston on the tenth ; were furloughed until 
the twentieth, when they were assembled at Readville, and 
mustered out of service. 

The Fiftieth Regiment, Colonel Carlos P. Messer, was 
mainly from Middlesex and Essex counties. To this regi- 
ment, company I of Worcester, was attached. The company 
was commanded by Captain Nicholas Powers, of this city. 
The lieutenants were John J. O'Gorman and Martin Hayes. 
It contained not far from ninety enlisted men ; about seventy 
of whom belonged to Worcester, and the remainder to the 
neighboring towns. The regiment was re-united at " Camp 
Stanton," in Boxford. It left for New York on the nineteenth 
of November, 1862. As in the case of the Forty-second, 
the Fifteenth was divided for transportation into several 
detatchments. Company I was put on board the steamer 



THIRD YEAR IN THE FIELD. 225 

New Brunswick, which sailed from New York on the first of 
December, and arrived at Baton Rouge on the sixteenth, 
where they were attached to the Thirtieth Regiment, until the 
other companies should arrive. Finally, about the middle of 
February, the regiment was assembled at Baton Rouge, and 
was assigned to the command of Acting Brigadier-General 
Dudley, of the First Division, Third Brigade, Nineteenth 
Army Corps. Special attention was given to drill, and the 
various duties of a soldier's life. On the fourteenth of March, 
the regiment was ordered into active service, and accompanied 
the entire command of General Banks to the rear of Port 
Hudson, about twenty miles distant. There the " regiment 
bivouacked for the first time upon the ever memorable night, 
when by the strategic movement made by General Banks, 
Admiral Farragut was enabled to pass the batteries of Port 
Hudson with two of his steamers, the Hartford and Alba- 
tross." The next move was back to Baton Rouge, from 
which place the regiment was taken by steamer to Winter's 
Plantation, three miles below Port Hudson, on the opposite 
side of the river. There it performed important picket duty, 
until the twenty-sixth, when it returned to Baton Rouge. 

On the ninth of April, company I, with three other com- 
panies of the regiment, in connection with a force of artillery, 
cavalry and infantry, about six hundred strong, went out about 
six miles on the road towards Port Hudson, and destroyed a 
bridge across the Bayou Monticeno. This occupied about 
five hours. The regiment marched to White's Bayou on the 
twelfth of May. This bayou is crossed by the Clinton rail- 
road about ten miles south-east of Port Hudson. There the 
regiment was ordered to remain, because it was necessary to 
hold that position in order to prevent a " flank movement of 
the enemy, while our forces were concentrating, and surround- 
ing Port Pludson in its immediate rear." 

In continuation of the narrative, the report goes on to 
speak as follows : — 

"After our army had completely surrounded Port Hudson, and were in 
condition to attack it, the Fifteenth was ordered to the front, and marched 

15 



226 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

from White's Bayou to a position within range of the enemy's batteries, 
on May 26, 1863. On the twenty-seventh the regiment was engaged in 
the assault on Port Hudson. The casualties during the engagement, 
were one private mortally, and three slightly wounded. From the twenty- 
seventh of May until June fourteenth the regiment was engaged support- 
ing batteries. On the fourteenth, it was ordered to engage in the assault 
on Port Hudson, but was held in the reserve column, and did not partici- 
pate in the fight. From this date the regiment was engaged wholly in 
supporting batteries during the bombardment, until the ninth of July, 
when the fortress surrendered." 

The Fiftieth Regiment did garrison duty within the fortifi- 
cations, from the eighth to the twenty-ninth, when it took 
passage up the Mississippi, per steamer Omaha, which 
reached Cairo on the fifth of August. The route was then by 
railroad to Boston, which was reached on the eleventh. On 
the twenty-fourth, the regiment was mustered out of the 
service of the United States, at Wenham. 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. — RE-ENLISTMENTS. 227 



CHAPTER XL 

MILITARY HISTORY OF WORCESTER IN EIGHTEEN HUN- 
DRED AND SIXTY-FOUR. — RECEPTION OF REGIMENTS.— 
RE-ENLISTMENTS. 

The year 1864 opened auspiciously for our country. The 
success of our arms, in the preceding year, on land and sea, 
had made it morally certain that foreign powers would not 
interfere in behalf of the " Southern Confederacy." The 
Mississippi was under our control from its sources in the 
far north to the gulf Grant, with his valiant lieutenants, 
had triumphed at Chattanooga and Knoxville. Meade had 
pursued the baffled hosts of Lee into Virginia, on the way to 
Richmond. Soon came the thrilling news of the decisive 
blow dealt by General Thomas on the army of Hood at 
Nashville. Sherman was on his triumphant march from Chat- 
tanooga to Atlanta. At the same time, it was known that 
the resources of the south were becoming exhausted, while 
our treasury was full ; our granaries were crowded with the 
products of a rich harvest, and our workshops and manufac- 
tories were bringing in almost fabulous wealth. Besides, the 
ranks of our armies were filling with new recruits and 
veterans, who were bound to advance our standards along the 
whole line of war. At the same time our navy blockaded the 
coast from the capes of Virginia to the mouth of the Rio 
Grande. The government went forward with increased vigor^ 
inspired by the great-hearted resolution of the people, and 
the earnest prayers of the Christian Church. 

The people of Worcester were in earnest sympathy with 
the most resolute and high-principled portion of their country- 
men, and while giving money and men to aid in suppressing 



228 WORCESTER IX THE WAR. 

the rebellion, were no less earnest in laboring for the over- 
throw of slavery. They felt that the object of the war, on 
our part, would fail, if the Emancipation Proclamation was 
not made the irrepealable law of the land. These sentiments 
inspired them, when on the ver)" last day of the year 1863, 
they warmly responded to these words of Dr. Sweetser. 

" This is not a war of pleasure or choice, but of compulsion. The 
issue is forced upon us, and we must accept it. It is our only method. 
There is no room left for compromise. The day of concession is past. It 
is the will of the people, which of itself constitutes the government, that 
our tlag must and shall be sustained. It was idle to talk of failure. 
There can be but one way out of this trouble, and that is to establish the 
authority of the government from the lakes to the gulf, from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific. The question is not so much when the war shall end, as 
Jio-d.' it shall end ? We should see to it that the principles of freedom are 
thoroughly established as a result of this contest. We should not leave 
a burden for our children, but rather bequeath to them an inheritance 
clear in its tide, and clear in its character." 

Such feelings impelled them when the following appeal of 
Mayor Lincoln was made to their love of country and of free- 
dom, on the first day of Januar}% 1864. 

"Mayors Office, Jaxuary i, 1S64. 
To the Citizens of Worcester : 

Belie\"ing that the good of the countr}- as well as the interests of the peo- 
ple of Worcester demand that ever}- exertion in our power should be made 
to fill up our quota under the president's call, and fully believing that the 
work can be accomplished by an earnest and united efibrt, I respectfully 
but earnestly request every citizen to close his place of business at three 
o'clock, P.M. during each day until the sixth of Januarj-, and devote his 
time as much as possible to aiding in obtaining recruits. It is hoped that 
every patriotic citizen will see the propriety- of this request, and \N-ill cheer- 
fully and unhesitatingly respond." 

At this time the number required to fill the quota was three 
hundred and forty-seven. A meeting was held the next after- 
noon, January 2, in the City Hall, while cannons were firing 
on the Common. Samuel Da\*is presided, and earnest ad- 
dresses were made by Rev. T. E. St. John, Lieutenant Gird, 
J. I\I. Childs and R. R. Greene, Esq. In the evening of the 
same day another public meeting was held, when the Hon. 




-^J" 





^^- 




. FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS. 229 

Isaac Davis presided and spoke. He was followed by Major 
Harlow, Rev. Mr. Moss, Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, Mr. Bench- 
ley, and Lieutenant George E. Barton, who made a stirring 
appeal in favor of enlistment. 

The third of January was Sunday, and the feeling was so 
earnest and solemn in regard to the national welfare, and par- 
took of such a religious character, that the people crowded 
Mechanics Hall to the utmost in the evening for the purpose 
of considering personal duty respecting the war. The Hon. 
Charles Allen was called to the chair, and prayer was offered 
by Rev. Mr. St. John. Then followed sacred music by the 
united choirs of several churches in the city. 

Judge Allen spoke briefly of the fact that on the Sabbath 
evening, in which Christians throughout the earth are ex- 
pected to give special honors to the Prince of Peace, we are 
called to this strange work. " But we are fallen upon evil 
times, and must encroach upon the hours usually devoted to 
strictly religious purposes, to uphold our country, and pre- 
serve it from the traitors within. The solemn impressions of 
the hour would bring us more fully to the determination to 
act as men doing our whole duty. ... It demanded no effort 
of the imagination to believe that at this hour hundreds of 
virtuous young men who have given their lives in this war^ 
are looking down from above, and pointing to the fields to 
which duty calls. Those who obey this call shall hereafter 
look back to this night with gladness, in the midst of a coun- 
try preserved and united ; they shall return from the scenes 
of war, and in the peace and happiness around them, call to 
mind the perils and dangers they braved for the sake of 
country, and remember that they have contributed to bring 
back the national happiness and glory, and will feel a joy 
which no others can feel, and can say truly : 

' My country's guard I stood ; 
From the soiled banner tore the serpent, 
First held him up to public gaze. 
Then hurled him forth to ruin ! ' " 

He was followed by Major McCafiferty in an earnest and 
eloquent appeal. A letter was read from ex-Governor Lin- 



230 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

coin, who was unable to be present. It was replete with the 
spirit of patriotic devotion. John B. Gough spoke in his in- 
imitable manner, and a very deep imjoression was made by the 
various services of the evening. 

About fifty men enlisted in the course of the next day. 
Out of a class of seventeen young men in the Universalist 
Sabbath School, fourteen had volunteered. There were war 
meetings in the afternoon and evening. The Hon. Ivers 
Phillips presided at the former, and Samuel Davis, Esq., 
at the latter. Among other speakers was Lieutenant Thomas 
Earle, He referred to a mother living in ward seven, who 
had to-day, after due consideration, informed the recruiting 
committee, that if the cause of the country demanded it, she 
was willing that her last son should enlist, — her other sons 
being already in the army. 

The address of Mayor Lincoln at the organization of the 
City Government for the year, on the fourth of January, 
contained the following remarks in relation to the national 
affairs. 

" Our various regiments have nobly maintained their own and their 
city's honor during the last year. Ward and Haven, Jorgenson and New- 
bury, have by their glorious deaths, h'nked their names in undying fame 
with the annals of that old Fifteenth Regiment which were before illumed 
with those of Grout and Spurr, and their worthy compatriots. The 
Twenty-first has shared in all the dangers and glories of Grant's splen- 
did campaign. Those other regiments which have gone from the city, 
and in which we are, or have been so largely represented, — the Twenty- 
fifth, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty-sixth, which are still in the field, and the 
Fiftieth and Fifty-first, whose term of service has expired, have ahke ren- 
dered good service to the country, and have earned honorable distinction 
for themselves." 

The bounties paid during the preceding year, amounted to 
$5,910.00. State Aid to families, to $41,137.00. 

On the sixth of January it was announced that the quota 
was full, and that there were several over to count on the 
next call. Many of the volunteers were members of regi- 
ments whose term of service was drawing towards its close. 
The influence of the city press had been strongly felt in the 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS. 23 I 

effort to increase the number of soldiers. The Spy and the 
Transcript came daily to the rescue, and the Palladiitm, in 
able and thoughtful articles added its appeals from week to 
week. The following from the Spy of January 6, shows one 
impediment to recruiting in this place, and illustrates the pub- 
lic spirit of the time. It says : — 

" When the call was made, there was such a demand for labor, and 
such increasing need of every able-bodied man at home, that it seemed a 
hopeless task to respond in the short time allowed for it. But those who 
doubted, misunderstood the, spirit and purpose of the community. Espe- 
cial credit belongs to Captains Sanderson, Gird and Tucker. Every 
citizen too will be willing to accord to Mayor Lincoln unqualified praise, 
both for the practical wisdom, and the sleepless and admirable energy 
with which he has directed the work of recruiting, and has organized 
success." 

As a part of the war history of Worcester, the following 
preamble and resolution, offered in Congress by the represen- 
tative of the eighth district, the Hon. John D. Baldwm, of 
this city, is here inserted. The resolution, which was passed 
by a large majority, undoubtedly expressed the sentiments of 
our people, at a time when in other quarters there seemed to 
be a desire to compromise with the rebels rather than to 
subdue them, and destroy what might be the cause of a future 
rebellion. 

" Whereas, the organized treason having its head-quarters at Richmond 
exists in defiant violation of the Constitution, and has no claim to be 
treated otherwise than as an outlaw ; and 

Whereas, the Richmond combination of conspirators and traitors can 
have no rightful authority over the people of any portion of the National 
Union, and no warrant for assuming control of the political destiny of the 
people of any state or section thereof, and no warrant but that of conspi- 
racy and treason for any assumption of authority whatever ; therefore, 

Resolved, that any proposition to negotiate with the rebel leaders at 
Richmond, sometimes called ' the authorities at Richmond,' for the resto- 
ration of loyalty and order in those portions of the repubhc which have 
been disorganised by the rebellion, is in efiect a proposition to recognise 
the ringleaders of the rebellion as entitled to represent and bind the loyal 
citizens of the United States, whom they oppress, and to give countenance 
and support to the pretension of conspiracy and treason ; and therefore 
any such proposition should be rejected without hesitation or delay." 



232 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

On the fifteenth of January, the State Guard, which was 
composed of some of the most prominent business men of 
the city, met at City Hall, with ladies and friends, for the 
purpose of making a suitable gift to Rev. Mr. Souther, a mem- 
ber of the company. Colonel Ivers Phillips called the meet- 
ing to order, and introduced Rev. T. E. St. John, who, after a 
few remarks, presented Mr. Souther a purse containing ^208. 
Mr. Souther replied, and spoke feelingly of the gratification 
caused by such a testimonial from his associates ; and in 
closing, he defined his position, showing that the highest 
duty of a Christian clergyman was to do all he could in behalf 
of his country. His remarks were received with hearty 
applause. 

The Twenty-fifth Regiment had in its ranks a large number 
who felt impelled to re-enlist. These had a furlough in the 
winter of 1864, and reached home on the twenty-first of 
January. They had a reception which showed how highly 
their sacrifices and services were appreciated by their fellow- 
citizens. The mayor, the city marshal, the City Government, 
the State Guards, and the citizens generally, turned out to do 
them honor. They were escorted to the City Hall, where 
the mayor had provided a generous collation. He then gave 
them a cordial welcome home, in behalf of the city. Major 
McCafferty addressed his old comrades, with whom he had 
watched and " fought like a lion " in North Carolina, and 
called up the scenes of successful warfare. Colonel Pickett 
made a brief and energetic reply. He then dismissed the 
soldiers with the injunction to bring each one a man v^^-ith 
him, — not a conscript or a substitute, but a volunteer. 

The officers of the Twenty-fifth passed highly complimen- 
tary resolutions on the resignation of the chaplain. Rev, 
Horace James, saying that he had "won for himself the love 
and esteem of all who knew him." 

Up to this time one hundred and eighty-four of the 
Twenty-fifth had re-enlisted ; and on the twenty-ninth it was 
announced that four hundred and fifty out of six hundred and 
fifty had re-enlisted. 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS. 233 

Oil the twenty-fifth, there was a presentation of elegant 
swords to Captain J. Massena Tucker, and Lieutenant John 
Goodwin, of Co. H, Fifty-seventh Regiment. The grateful 
service was performed by Lieutenant Thomas Earle and 
Rev. T. E. St. John, with appropriate addresses. Captain 
Tucker's sword was the gift of Lieutenant Thomas Earle. 
It was a most beautiful weapon, and very richly mounted. 
In his remarks, on presenting the sword. Lieutenant Earle 
referred to the scenes he had borne a part in with Captain 
Tucker, when in Burnside's expedition. He said : " I have 
served with him in the ranks as a private, and have bi- 
vouacked with him on the same tented field, and messed with 
him in the same tent, and known him well." After recalhng 
the events of that stormy time when they were tempest- 
tossed on the coast of North Carolina, and when they con- 
quered the rebels on Roanoke Island, he concluded with 
these words : 

" Now, my dear sir, let me have the pleasure of presenting )'0u with this 
sword as a token of my high regard for you as a man, a soldier, and an 
ofificer ; and, young men of company H, wherever your captain draws it in 
defense of our common country, by your strong arms and willing hearts 
help to make a name and fame for him that will never, never die. And, 
my dear sir, if God spares your life through this conflict, no citizen of 
Worcester will greet you with a more hearty welcome to their home and 
their heart than the humble donor of this sword which I now place in your 
hands. It is freely given ; accept it as freely from your friend with the 
best wishes of my heart." 

The Twenty-first Regiment reached Worcester at eight 
o'clock in the evening of the thirty-first, after two and a half 
years' service. Thousands were waiting at the station to re- 
ceive them, and received them with loud shouts of welcome. 
The next day, February i, the regiment had a public recep- 
tion. This was a memorable day in the history of Worces- 
ter. The escort was under the command of Colonel Josiah 
Pickett of the Twenty-fifth, who thus delighted to do hone 
to fellow-soldiers in another regiment. The line was formed 
in front of the City Hall at ten o'clock. Escorted by five 
companies of the Twenty-fifth and other bodies, they marched 



234 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

down Main Street to Lincoln Square, through Summer and 
Front to Main Street again, and so to Mechanics Hall, arriv- 
ing about half past eleven. The following was the order of 
the procession. 

City Marshal Pratt and Aids, 
Worcester Cornet Band, L. P. Goddard, Leader, 
Members of the Twenty-fifth, with their Battle-flag, 
under Command of Captain A. D. Foster, 
Drum-Corps of the Fifty-seventh, 
The Fifty-seventh under Command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hol- 
LisTER : Co. a, Captain Sanderson ; Co. B, Captain Gird ; 
Co. D, Captain Howe ; Co. F, Captain Dresser ; Co. H, 
Captain Dresser, 
Drum-Corps of the Worcester State Guards, 
Worcester State Guards, Colonel Phillips Commanding, 
Past Officers not now in Service, 
Highland Cadets, Captain Leland, 
Chief Engineer of the Fiiii: Department with Assistant En. 

gineers, 
Washington Engine Company, No. i, 
Rapid " " " 2, 

Niagara " " " 3, 

Yankee " " " 4, 

Hook and Ladder Companies, Nos. i and 2, 
Ocean, City, and Eagle Hose Companies, 
Steamers Governor Lincoln and Colonel Davis, 
Mayor and Members of the Municipal Government, together 
with Past Officers of the City, and Distinguished 
Citizens, 
The Twenty-first Regiment. 

At the head of the Twenty-first rode Colonel Hawkes, 
accompanied on either side by Colonel W. S. Clark and 
Colonel A. B. R. Sprague. Sergeant Plunkett, armless, 
walked in advance of the colors of the regiment, and attracted 
much attention. Stores and dwellings on the route were 
decorated. 

At the hall a liberal collation had been provided. The 
galleries were crowded with a brilliant assemblage of ladies 
" The appearance from the stage was magnificent," says the 
contemporary description of the scene, " the noble and bronzed 
faces of the veterans of the Twenty-first and the Twenty-fifth, 



FOUKTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS, 235 

their battle-Stained flags, tlie enthusiastic friends about them, 
all rendering it a sight such as was never seen in Mechanics 
Hall before. Sergeant Plunkett, as he raised his cap with his 
artificial arm, was loudly cheered." 

Mayor Lincoln gave the regiment a " cordial welcome to 
our homes and our hospitality." 

Colonel Clark, who had been sent by Governor Andrew, to 
give the regiment a welcome in the name of the Common- 
wealth, spoke with the feeling of a comrade, who had braved 
the march and the battle with the veterans before him. After 
bidding them welcome to the state, and sketching briefly the 
career of the regiment, he continued : — " You indeed know 
what war is. Not only this, but you know also something of 
what a soldier may suffer from the cowardice or cruelty of 
officers. Some have been crippled by honorable wounds ; 
others have been thought worthy by the Great Ruler to be 
called away. Knowing better than others can all these hard 
experiences, you have almost to a man, re-enlisted. I regard 
you with unbounded admiration. Only God can adequately 
bless the offering. . . . Heroic veterans ! I welcome you, once 
more, I wish you, with all my heart, a most delightful fur- 
lough." 

Colonel Hawkes being called upon by the mayor, re- 
marked : — 

" After the eloquence of our late colonel, it is with reluctance that I at- 
tempt to speak. But allow me, in behalf of officers and soldiers, to offer 
you our grateful thanks. Twenty-nine months ago we left your beautiful 
city, and took our stand with our brothers in the field. What we have 
done, and how we have done it, is not for me to say. I will only say, we 
have tried to do our duty. We have passed through many severe cam- 
paigns, but the most severe was the last. Short of supplies for several 
weeks, we lived upon half or quarter-rations, with no coffee or sugar at all. 
When the call came to us to re-enlist, we had had, for twenty-four hours, 
but two ears of corn, and yet the soldiers did not complain. All hard- 
ships were borne cheerfully. These are the men I am proud to command. 
Out of two hundred and eighty-seven men, two hundred and fifty-one gave 
their names for re-enhstment, (cheers) and the Twenty-first Regiment 
had the honor to make the first report to the corps commander, and 
receive a regimental furlough. Now give us Worcester-county men 



236 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

enough to fill up our ranks to a thousand, and we will be in at the last 
charge that is to finish the rebellion." 

The following sentences are from the eloquent and appre- 
ciative address of Hon. A. H. Bullock. 

"It was one of the sweetest and fairest of our skies, as the sun was de- 
scending these hills, that the Twenty-first Regiment was drawn up in line 
to receive from my hands this flag. . . . Men of the Twenty-first, on the 
day I have alluded to, in behalf of the ladies and others, I had the honor to 
give you these colors. You have well kept the pledge you then gave, and 
the glories of Antietam and Knoxville, the soil of four states stained by 
your blood, this brave color-bearer, Sergeant Plunkett, (cheers) whose 
plucky soul still marches on, all, all, bear testimony conspicuous and 
lasting. No proof was wanting, and yet one remains, your own tattered, 
blood-stained flag. (Cheers) Men of the Twenty-first ! behold your flag. 
(Cheers) It has conducted you through the storm of battle, and you do 
well to cheer it now. Men and women of Worcester, look at it, stained 
with the blood of these brave men who bore it on the bloody field of 
Fredericksburg. Look upon it, men of Worcester, and swear undying 
vengeance against the cause of all these rents and stains. Men of the 
Twenty-fifth, look upon it, and let it remind you of your own noble sacri- 
fices. Men of the Fifty-seventh look upon it, and see the exalted honor 
that awaits those who fail not in their duty." 

Colonel Hawkes then called for three cheers from the 
Twenty-first for their flag, which were given with a will. 

The regiment had lost, up to this time, one hundred and 
sixty soldiers by death. Of these, forty-nine by disease, and 
one hundred and eleven from wounds. Only one was among 
the absent, and he was wounded at Knoxville. Dr. Cutter, 
the surgeon, never would allow a wounded, disabled, or worn- 
out soldier to be left behind. Whiskey rations were never 
served out to this regiment, but coffee in plenty. 

On the eighth of February, Colonel Sprague was commis- 
sioned lieutenant-colonel in the Second Massachusetts Heavy 
Artillery. The reason of his taking an appointment lower 
than his former rank was this. When he came home with the 
Fifty-first, the governor was desirous of giving him another 
regiment, but the health of his father, and the exigencies of 
business, compelled him to decline. When ready to enter the 
service again, Governor Andrew had no regiment to offer. 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. — RE-ENLISTMENTS. 237 

He expressed his regret, but said tliat Colonel Sprague might 
have the position of lieutenant-colonel in either a cavalry or 
an artillery regiment. He preferred the former, but deferred 
to the wishes of a friend, and joined the artillery. The gov- 
ernor very truly remarked that his consenting to descend in 
rank, from love of country, was a conspicuous evidence of his 
patriotism. A notice of the Second Heavy Artillery will be 
found in its proper place. It is enough to say here that 
Colonel Sprague had the command of the regiment before its 
term of service had expired. 

It was found, on the sixteenth of February, that the defi- 
ciency in the quota of Worcester, was about eighty men. By 
the twenty-fourth, the total number of the Twenty-fifth Regi- 
ment, exclusive of those who had not re-enlisted, was thirty 
officers, and four hundred and seventy-nine privates. 

A brief reference has been made to the reception of some 
of the officers and men of the Twenty-fifth, who had come on 
a furlough, after re-enlisting. In February the regiment had a 
furlough, and came home on a short visit to their friends. 

They had a reception in Boston on Friday, the nineteenth, 
and in Worcester, the next day. The papers of the day 
style it a "grand reception." The regiment was escorted by 
the City Marshal, the Cornet Band, the Fifty- seventh, Colonel 
Hollister, the State Guard, Colonel Phillips, the Highland 
Cadets, the Fire Department, the City Government, Fast 
Officers, &c. Then followed the Twenty-fifth under Colonel 
Pickett. The procession moved through Main, Highland, 
Harvard, Chestnut, Pleasant and Main Streets to Mechanics 
Hall, which was occupied by a large number of ladies. An 
ample collation was prepared for the soldiers. After this had 
been cheerfully disposed of, came the speeches of welcome. 
His Honor, Mayor Lincoln said: — "Colonel Pickett and 
soldiers of the Twenty-fifth, the smiles of joy on every coun- 
tenance, the loud huzzas from ten thousand voices, this 
crowded and enthusiastic audience, all proclaim to you a 
welcome home." He then stated that four hundred and ten 
men had re-enlisted, and that about sixty of this number 
belonged to the city. 



238 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Hon. Isaac Davis made a brief address, full of recognition 
of the services of the regiment, saying he would like to speak 
a word of special praise for a Worcester company in this regi- 
ment ; a company of our adopted citizens. (Cheers) Every 
man of that company save three or four who were sick, had 
re-enlisted. (Cheers for Co. E) They are commanded by a 
man who never flinches — O'Neil. (Cheers) Colonel Davis 
spoke of a Captain O'Neil, a soldier of Waterloo, under Wel- 
lington, and said he had three sons in that company, (Co. E) 
brave men as ever lived. He then spoke of the mighty dead. 
If they could have heard the martial tramp of the brave regi- 
ment it would have been music to their ears. But they look 
down from heaven approvingly. In closing, he hoped they 
would have a pleasant and happy furlough, and that He who 
guides the descinies of the world, would be with them and 
bless them, until they should again return to receive a still 
greater triumph. 

Colonel Pickett responded in appropriate terms, and in 
behalf of the regiment, returned sincere and hearty thanks for 
the reception. He had been with the regiment from the first 
to the last, and could bear testimony that a nobler band of 
soldiers never trod the earth. And they had shown their 
undying and undiminished patriotism by re-enlisting for the 
war. 

Colonel Upton was called for by rousing cheers, and briefly 
expressed his joy in meeting his old comrades in arms. 

Mayor Lincoln then spoke of past officers, Colonel Sprague, 
Major Harkness, and Major McCafferty. The latter officer 
had received the flag, in 1861, from the ladies of Worcester, 
and therefore he now spoke of the scenes through which that 
flag had passed. In closing he made pathetic allusion to the 
gallant dead, expressing the hope that God in his mercy would 
bring the regiment safely through the ordeal of battle before 
them, and bring them home, stout in limb and vigorous in 
health, to receive again their congratulations as preservers of 
their country. 

March 3, John G. Tobey entered the service of the govern- 
ment as telegraph operator. 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. RE-ENLISTMENTS. 239 

On the eighteenth, the Twenty-first, under Lieutenant-Col- 
onel Hawkes, left Camp Lincoln for Annapolis, via Provi- 
dence. They bore their old battle-scarred flag, and had a new 
one, presented by the ladies of Worcester, through their 
committee, Miss Miller and Miss Lincoln. 

The Twenty-fifth passed through the city, on the twenty- 
third, on their way to Fortress Monroe. 

There was a great meeting in Mechanics Hall, Judge 
Chapin presiding, to hear George Thompson, the celebrated 
English orator, and the life-long champion of freedom in both 
hemispheres. 

It was stated on the fifth of April, that the quota of the city 
under the calls of October 17, February i, and March, was 
one thousand and twenty. The credits were eight hundred 
and thirteen, leaving a deficit of two hundred and seven men. 

On the eighth of April, Colonel Bartlett took the Fifty- 
seventh Regiment into the city for a marching drill and 
parade. A flag was given into the hands of the colonel by 
Miss Frances M. Lincoln, daughter of the mayor, with a few 
patriotic and appropriate remarks. 

The Salem Street Church on the day of annual fasting and 
prayer, was well filled with an audience who came together to 
hear a discourse from the pastor on the duty of the nation to 
seek a right way, founded on Ezra 8:21. 

" Nations sin and incur divine anger, and they should seek a right way 
out of their troubles. Fasting and asking pardon, without seeking a 
right way in the future, is worse than useless. We must understand 
there is a right way. Our national curse has come from the confusion of 
right with wrong, by press and pulpit, for a generation. The highest 
crimes condemned in God's statute book, were called virtues and bless- 
ings that a nation could extend through all its territories, and yet be pow- 
erful and prosperous. If there is any glory of nations ; any distinction 
between sin and holiness ; if character is not a delusion, it was time that 
God should send his thunderbolts and reveal his will. The republic 
could not hold fire in its bosom and not be burned, and the conflagration 
illumes the heavens so that the blindest begin to see. 

We have at last found the right way, and as we value the nation's life, 
we must walk therein. We have been compelled to remove the sin, or 
perish ; to weaken slavery, or die by it. For the first two years we 



240 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

mocked heaven with our fasts and prayers. We have been coming back 
to God for a year, and this wrill save the nation. See the results of the 
last year. The rebellion lost half its territory and half its population ; 
its finances are ruined, and its resources are crippled. 

We must seek of God the right way to be followed after the war, in the 
elevation of the whole people of the republic. Education, intellectual, 
moral and Christian, is God's path to freedom." 

Rev. Mr. Walker, at the Old South, took his text in Judges 
5 : 23. The curse of slavery was mentioned as the prime 
cause of the war, and its destruction was urged as the only 
path to permanent peace. Appropriate services were held in 
most of the other churches, but the papers contain no reports. 

The State Guards, with their ladies, made a call on company 
K, of the Fifty-seventh Regiment, at Camp Wool, on the 
twelfth, for the purpose of presenting a sash, belt, &c., to 
Sergeant Samuel Souther, and a collation to the members of 
his company. It was a very happy occasion. Remarks were 
made by Colonel Phillips, Rev. Mr. St. John, and Rev. Mr. 
Souther. 

On the fourteenth there was a presentation of state colors 
to the Fifty-seventh by Governor Andrew. Colonel Bartlett 
made a fitting response. At the same time, Colonel Wether- 
ell, of the governor's staff, presented a costly field-glass to 
Captain Gird. Four days later the regiment left for the field 
of action. The following is a list of the field, staff and line. 
The list of line officers includes all who were appointed 
during the term of service. Names, however, are not re- 
peated. 

Colonel, William F. Bartlett, 

Liezitenant-Colonel, Edward P. Hollister, 
Major, William T. Harlow, 

Surgeon, Whitman V. White, 

Assisiatit Surgeon, Charles E. Heath, 
Chaplain, Alfred H. Dashiell, Jr. 

Captains, — John W. Sanderson, Joseph W. Gird, Julius M. Tucker, 
George H. Howe, Edson T. Dresser, Levi Lawrence, Albert Prescott, 
James Doherty, Charles D. HoUis, Albert W. Cook, Joseph W. Gelray, 
John L. Goodwin, Henry C. Ward, George E. Barton, L. Curtis Brackett, 
Charles Barker. 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. —RE-ENLISTMENTS. 24I 

First Lieutenants, — George E. Priest, Samuel M. Bowman, E. Dexter 
Cheney, John H. Cook, Edward S. Dewey, Edwin A. Kimball, Charles 
Saunders, Albert Doty, Alfred O. Hitchcock, Charles H. Royce, James 
VV. Kenney, Henry B. Fiske, Albert M. Murdock, Henry M. Ide, James 
H. Marshall, Edward F. Potter, Thomas Sturgis. 

Second Lieutenants, — John H. Clifford, Frank R. Young, Charles F. 
Lee, Amos Bartlett, Edward I. Coe, John Anderson, John Reade, George 
S. Greene, James M. Childs, James Peacock. 

A note from the mayor, dated April 25, stated that the 
deficiency in the quota of the city was two hundred and 
seventy-five. 

Charles H. Davis, son of the Hon. Isaac Davis, was ap- 
pointed commissary of subsistence, with the rank of captain. 

The Freedom Club held a crowded meeting in Mechanics 
Hall, on the twenty-fifth of May. Hon. J. S. C. Knowlton 
presided. Wendell Phillips addressed the large and sympa- 
thetic assembly, in one of those speeches which made him the 
prophet of the war of freedom. The meeting passed the 
following resolution. 

" Resolved, That our present Congress and National Executive bu 
earnestly adjured, by the love of country and fear of God, who is no 
respecter of persons, at once to declare slavery abolished, and Liberty 
the law of the land ; and that henceforth and forever in peace and in war, 
our government is to know no difference between white men and black 
men." 

In July of this year, Lieutenant Eddy, Captain Prouty and 
Captain Ward were raising three months' troops. On the 
twelfth of July it was announced that Captain Eddy's company 
was nearly full, and that Captain Ward's company was about 
ready for marching orders. The same was true of Captain 
Prouty's Infantry. The ranks of the Old City Guard, and also 
of the Emmet Guards were fast filling. By the fifteenth, the 
companies of Captains Eddy, Ward and Prouty had left for 
Readville. 

On the twenty-first of July, the Fifteenth Regiment, having 
completed its term of service, arrived home. The next day it 
was honored with a grand reception, the particulars of which 
will be given in the history of the regiment for 1864. 

16 



242 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

I 

The fourth of August was observed as a national fast. Able 
sermons were delivered in several churches, but a great storm 
prevented a full attendance. 

At this time the pecuniary inducements for men to enlist 
were very liberal. The state offered ^325 ; the United 
States, $100; the city, $100, making ^525, In some cases 
$100 more were added. 

The quota of Worcester when the " draft " was ordered in 
the summer, was stated on the twenty-fourth of August, to be 
five hundred and twenty-eight. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Lincoln, who had escaped from a rebel 
prison, arrived home on the fourth of this month. 

On the nineteenth of August, Captain Bemis' company was 
detailed for coast defence. It numbered seventy-six men. 

Lieutenant C. Blake, of the United States steamer, Brook- 
lyn, who was wounded in Farragut's famous fight, in Mobile 
Bay, arrived home on the ninth of September. 

September 1 1 was the Sabbath, and in accordance with the 
recommendation of President Lincoln, thanks to God for 
successes on land and sea, were offered in the several 
churches. Mr. Richardson said : — " Thank God for recent 
victories. They are great ; they may prove decisive ! Let 
them inspire our faith anew, and our zeal and courage in the 
cause of our country. Unceasing our prayers that God will 
save our rich inheritance, rule his people here, and lift us up 
forever. The memory of the dead shall be precious, and joy 
temper the sacred grief of friends. Never in vain the death 
that saves the life of freedom." Rev. Mr. St. John, at the 
Universalist Church preached a similar discourse in hope and 
purpose, and equally true to the great cause of liberty and an 
undivided Union. 

The Dale Hospital was opened here in September. The 
large building and spacious grounds of the Female College 
were well adapted to the purpose. By erecting several struc- 
tures in the rear, accomodations were provided for a large 
number of sick, wounded and convalescent soldiers. 

It was a gratifying announcement, September 22, that there 



FOURTH YEAR IN WORCESTER. — RE-ENLISTMENTS. 243 

would be no " draft " here, because the books of Provost- 
Marshal Clark, of Boston, showed that Worcester had a sur- 
plus of one hundred and twenty-one men. 

There was great rejoicing here when the news came of 
Sheridan's brilliant victory in the Shenandoah Valley. 

The Dale Hospital was nearly ready, on the tenth of 
October, and about three hundred patients were expected in a 
few days. Fourteen one-story buildings had been put up, each 
one hundred and sixty by twenty-four feet. The officers of 
the hospital, as it went into operation, were as follows : — 

Surgeon, U. S. V. in charge, Dr. C. N. Chamberlain. 

Chaplain, U. S. A., Rev. Thomas W. Clark. 

A. A. Snrgeojt, U. S. A., Dr. R. Lord. 

" " *' F. LiVERMORE. 

« « " B. A. Segur. 

" " " John H. Cutler. 

Medical Cadet, " Stacy R. Mershon. 

Hospital Stewards, — Frank J. Scott, Nathan B. Hoyt. Number of 
patients on the thirtieth of October, 185. 

The Twenty-fifth Regiment had a reception, Octobor 13, 
its term of service having expired. An account of it will be 
found in the next chapter. 

A calm and able letter of ex-Governor Lincoln, in favor of 
the re-election of President Lincoln, had a good effect on the 
public mind. 

On the Sabbath, November 6, preceding the presidential 
election, discourses in reference to that event were delivered 
in several churches, setting forth the duties of citizens in 
regard to choosing good men to office. The sermons of Rev. 
Dr. Hill, Rev. Mr. Richardson, Rev. D. E. Chapin, and Rev. 
T. E. St. John, are particularly referred to by the press. The 
latter gentleman, by request, addressed an immense assem- 
blage in Mechanics Hall, on Sunday evening. Hundreds 
went away, not being able to find seats or standing room. 
The subject was the voter's duty, and the whole discourse 
was a most earnest and convincing appeal. 

Thanksgiving was observed at Dale Hospital, November 
24, abundant provisions having been supplied by the citizens. 



244 . WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Addresses were made by Drs. Chamberlain, Lord and Cutler. 
About four hundred partook of the repast. 

On the fifteenth of December, the Rev. Henry T. Cheever 
delivered a funeral discourse in the Summer Street Chapel, 
from which the following extract is taken as indicative of 
public sentiment at the time. The sermon was published by 
request. It was founded on Isaiah 26 : 9, and the subject was, 
" The Meaning of God in the Judgment of War." After 
showing that the judgments of God are great teachers, and 
that a nation must do justly or meet judgment in its turn, and 
illustrating this from history, he concluded as follows : — 

" Is it not time to nationalize the Covenant by which the Pilgrims of the 
Mayflower formed themselves into a Christian Democracy, and became 
solemnly bound ' to take care of the good of each other and of the 
whole .'' ' Is not this the time to have done with compromise, and to in- 
augurate a new era of principles and ideas introductory to the practical 
reign of righteousness ? Shall we not now lay, as the corner-stone of a 
reconstructed Christian Republic of commingled races, a formula of as- 
sociation that shall stand forever ? All for each without distinction of 
color or condition — Each for all — All and each for God and justice?'^ 

The triumph of our arms in the first half of the coming 
year, broke down the rebellion and made sure the adoption of 
the spirit of the above formula into the Constitution of the 
National Commonwealth. 



FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 245 



CHAPTER XII. 

WORCESTER TROOPS IN THE FIELD, FOURTH YEAR. 

The course of events now takes us again from the bloodless, 
though scarcely peaceful excitements of home, to the " high 
places of the field," where death was met in its most frightful 
forms. New energy had been infused into every branch of the 
public service, and the people were resolved that the rebellion 
should be speedily crushed. By the beginning of the year 
1864, all parties had learned more than they knew at the 
opening of the contest. The rebellion had developed an 
unexpected magnitude, but it had called forth, at the North, a 
spirit of patriotism, courage and self-sacrifice that seemed 
incredible to the people of the South. Instead of the grass- 
grown streets, the idle machinery, and the " bread riots," in 
northern towns and cities, which had been predicted by 
ardent friends of secession, there were increased population, 
enlarged business, and universal plenty. The resources of the 
nation seemed to grow as they were spent, and the heroic 
spirit of the people rose according to the emergency. How 
the strength of Worcester was engaged in the struggle will be 
learned by following her regiments to the front." 

Section I. — The Fifteenth Regiment. 
We left this regiment, at the close of 1863, in winter-quar- 
ters, near the town of Stevensburg, in Northern Virginia, 
where the officers and men were sheltered in huts " neither 
regularly built, nor ornamental in design, but well arrange d 
and comfortable." The health of the members was quite as 
good as that of the average of troops in the field. " Of the 
monotony of camp life," says the report of the adjutant- 



246 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

general, and drawn up probably from information supplied by 
the officer in command, " but little either of value or interest 
may be said or written of the winter of 1864. The duties 
performed by the regiment were few and unvarying. Some 
miles distant from the camp ran the Rapidan River, its banks 
lined with the pickets of the hostile armies. In this duty of 
picketing, the regiment had its share. A force of officers and 
men, proportioned exactly to the number present for duty, was 
detailed every third day, and proceeded to their station on the 
river. They were relieved at the expiration of their tour of 
duty by a like number. About one-third of the regiment 
(present for duty,) were thus constantly on duty during the 
winter. Owing to the severity of the weather, drills were for 
the most part suspended." 

In April, — Lieutenant-Colonel Hooper in command, — all 
this was changed, and preparations were rapidly made for the 
spring campaign. General Meade remained the commander 
of the Army of the Potomac, but General Grant, at the head 
of all our land forces was to be with the veterans who had 
fought hard, endured great reverses with constancy, and 
gained well-contested and decisive victories, but who were yet 
to win their crowning triumphs. " Recruits were hurried 
forward, the army was newly clothed and thoroughly equipped, 
drills, reviews, and inspections, rigid and frequent, were 
instituted, surplus baggage sent to the rear, old camps broken 
up and new ones formed, that all might be in readiness for a 
move at short notice." 

The regiment was increased by the addition of some fifty 
or sixty raw recruits, during the winter and spring, and about 
the same number of old members, under the stimulus of the 
large bounties offered to veterans, re-enlisted. On the first 
of May, a field return gave the strength of the Fifteenth as 
about three hundred officers and men, present for duty. 
These went into the battle of the Wilderness, and were in all 
the marches and battles of the Second Corps, between that 
" valley of the shadow of death " and Petersburg. In the 
battles of the Wilderness, the regiment lost about one-half its 
officers and men, either as killed or wounded. 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 247 

Let the reader recall to mind the events of that campaign, 
wherein the bloody scenes of to-day were followed by similar 
scenes to-morrow ; in which the advance by attacking and 
flanking, was carried on by new combats and repeated flank 
movements, till Lee was forced back upon the defences of 
Richmond, and while recollecting their movements, let him 
not forget that the surviving members of the Fifteenth were 
actors in all these marches and battles. That memorable 
history is theirs, and the record will remain through all gener- 
ations. 

Passing rapidly over the terrible experiences of May, and 
the latter part of the succeeding month, the report con- 
tinues : — 

" On the twenty-second of June, the regiment, dwindled down to five 
officers and about seventy muskets, confronted the enemy near the Jeru- 
salem plank-road, before Petersburg. A break or gap in the line of battle 
allowed the enemy to throw a large force on the flank and in the rear of 
the Second Division, Second Corps. Hidden from view by a dense un- 
dergrowth, the maneuver was not comprehended until too late. The first 
intimation of the position of affairs, was a demand from the enemy to sur- 
render. Taken thus by surprise, and overwhelmed by numbers, the rem- 
nant of the regiment was captured almost entire. Four officers and about 
sixty-five men were marched off prisoners of war ; one officer, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Hooper, and some five men escaped to tell the story. This offi- 
cer being wounded the same day, and shortly ?fter the disaster above 
mentioned, the few remaining, increased somewhat by the arrival of con- 
valescents, were placed for a few days in another command, until officers 
of the regiment, who had been wounded in the campaign, and who were 
on their way to the front from hospital, should arrive." 

The term of the regiment, as a body, had expired. One 
company, which was not mustered into service until August 
5, 1861, had a few weeks still to serve. This company, in 
addition to those who had re-enlisted, was transferred to the 
Twentieth Regiment. Four officers were retained to com- 
mand these men, but at the time were in the hands of the 
enemy as prisoners. 

The remainder of the regiment, increased by detachments 
of sick and wounded men who were in a condition to travel, 
men on detached service, etc., was ordered on the twelfth of 



248 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

July to proceed to Worcester, to be mustered out of service. 
They arrived July 21, and were quartered during the night in 
City Hall ; and the next day were greeted by a reception 
which, says the adjutant-general's report, "will never be for- 
gotten as long as life and memory shall be granted them." 
The report proceeds : — 

" His Excellency Governor Andrew and staff, together with his Honor 
Mayor Lincoln, and the city authorities, welcomed the regiment home 
thanking the men in eloquent words for the part they had borne in their 
country's struggle, and alluding with tender respect to the honored dead 
who had fallen in the fight. Both state and city were represented in the 
military escort and procession. The city, decorated with flags, wore a 
holiday aspect, and the crowded streets and welcoming shouts gave proof 
of the heartiness and spirit of the people." 

This summary account will answer for general history, but 
the inhabitants of Worcester will seek for a more particular 
recital of the festivities of that glad reception. 

On the morning of July 22, great throngs of people came 
in from the neighboring towns, and helped the citizens to fill 
stores, houses, sidewalks and streets. The streets were deco- 
rated with flags, streamers and mottoes. 

Governor Andrew and staff, in full uniform, accompanied by 
the Independent Corps of Cadets, under Lieutenant- Colonel 
C. C. Holmes, came up from Boston, and were escorted to the 
Common by the State Guards. The procession was then 
formed under the lead of Chief Marshal C. B. Pratt, assisted 
by William A. Smith, Nathaniel Paine, Harrison Bliss, Jr., 
Henry Witter, T. W. Wellington, Jr., and Stephen Salisbury, 
Jr. The order of procession was as follows : — 

Detachment of Police, 

Military Escort, composed of Worcester State Guards, 

Colonel Phillips, seventy-four men with Worcester 

Cornet Band ; Fitchburg Fusileers, 

Captain Miles, with Ashburnham Band, 

Fire Department under Chief Engineer 

Alzirus Brown, 

State Guard Drum Corps, 

Governor Andrew and Staff, 



FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 249 

Independent Corps of Cadets, 

City Government, 

Selectmen of Towns having Companies in the Regiment, 

Other Invited Guests, 

Officers and Past Members of the Regiment, 

The Fifteenth Regiment, Major L Harris Hooper. 

A national salute was fired on the Common, and the regi- 
ment was cheered repeatedly during the march by the crowds 
of people in the streets. The route was down Main Street to 
Lincoln Square, and back to the City Hall. 

After returning to the Common, the regiment was welcomed 
by Mayor Lincoln in a most cordial address. He alluded 
admiringly to the history of the Fifteenth, and to their prow- 
ess at Ball's Bluff, Fair Oaks, Antietam, Gettysburg and in 
the Wilderness. Then in behalf of their wives, sisters, 
parents, kindred and friends, with joy and thanksgiving to 
God, he welcomed the soldiers back to their homes, which 
they had served so faithfully and honored so well. The old 
Commonwealth, jealous of her rights, and solicitous for her 
honor, disputed the exclusive right, and claimed them for 
herself. Her Chief Magistrate was present in person to 
welcome them. 

Governor Andrew then made one of those electric and 
appreciative speeches which went far to reward the soldiers for 
their toils and sufferings. 

Major Hooper, in behalf of his officers and men, returned 
thanks for the brilliant reception which had been extended to 
the remnant of '*he Fifteenth. Only eighty-five officers and 
men returned. The regiment could not show a record of 
uninterrupted success, but they claimed an unstained record 
of honor. He then paid a tribute to Colonels Devens, Ward, 
Kimball, Philbrick and Joslin. 

At the call of Governor Andrew, three hearty cheers were 
given for the Fifteenth Regiment. 

A collation followed in the City Hall, while the Cadets had 
also a collation in Horticultural Hall. 



250 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Section II. — The Twenty-first Regiment. 
At the close of the year 1863, this regiment was enduring 
the hardships of the campaign in East Tennessee. The 
members, as we have seen, had enjoyed a pleasant furlough, 
and received a most cordial welcome home. The visit to 
familiar scenes, and the enjoyment of family greetings was 
soon over, and the regiment was again on the war-path. It 
left Worcester for Annapolis, to join the Ninth Corps, with 
which it had been formerly connected, and which was prepar- 
ing for a new movement. About the twentieth of April, the 
corps was organized, and the Twenty-first was assigned to the 
First Division, under the command of Brigadier General 
Stevenson, and composed mainly of troops from Massachu- 
setts. These troops were engaged in drilling and preparing 
for the campaign. The corps broke camp, on the third of 
April, and marched through Washington, where they were 
warmly welcomed by the president, and reviewed. By reason 
of the rain, the march was very wearisome. By slow marches 
the regiment moved by Bristow's Station, to the Rapidan, 
having been ordered to co-operate with the army of the Poto- 
mac. The Rapidan was passed on the fifth of May, at 
Germania Ford. Early the next morning the rattling of 
musketry was heard afar off, and the regiment started for the 
scene of action. This was the opening of the series of battles 
in the " Wilderness," and our men went into it with the 
steadiness of veterans. " There was not," says the official 
report, " that * spoiling for a fight,' which had once been its 
experience, but there was in the closed ranks and steady 
march, an indication that every man appreciated what was 
before him, what was expected of him, and what might 
be called for as a sacrifice for Union and Liberty." The 
underbrush mingled with the trees of the Wilderness, con- 
cealed the combatants at only a few yards distance. The 
Twenty-first Regiment with the One Hundredth of Pennsyl- 
vania, were formed in line of battle on the left of the Second 
Corps, and so came under General Hancock's orders. The 
other brigrade of General Stevenson's Division was on the 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 25I 

right of the Second Corps, and formed the right of the 
attacking party, when the whole line left-wheeled, and en- 
gaged the enemy. It thus happened that the Twenty-first 
was not actively engaged at first, but the time came when 
there was a demand for all their coolness and courage, as 
will be seen from the report of the adjutant-general. 

" The brigade of General Stevenson, which assisted in the advance, 
was composed of new Massachusetts regiments, who did nobly and took 
the most advanced position gained during the day. Their heavy loss was 
suffered while taking that position and holding it. Afterwards, when a 
terrible charge was made by the rebels, and the raw troops of the Second 
Corps gave way before the attack, and rushed across the lines of the 
Ninth Corps, throwing them into confusion and final disorder ; then, when 
they seemed flanked, and only till then, did this brigade of General Ste- 
venson's division give way. And then were gallant officers slain while 
attempting to rally their troops and inspire them with their own courage. 
Then fell General Wadsworth. Then was General Stevenson surrounded 
by rebels and almost captured or slain, and only saved by his coolness 
and invincible spirit of courage. Then Colonel Griswold fell, and many, 
many, whose valor left them only with breath. While all seemed confu- 
sion, and really was so, when the rebels stopped in their charge, we know 
not why, and when no line of our troops remained, the Twenty-first Massa- 
chusetts and One Hundredth Pennsylvania were deployed and advanced, 
and by their celerity and gallantry prevented the rebels reaping any fruits 
from their temporary success. The rebel line was attacked, and the 
advance repulsed by these veterans, and soon the old line was restored in 
a beautiful manner by General Hancock." 

The regiment lost in this daring and successful charge, 
two men killed, viz., A. F. V. B. Piper and Herbert Joslin ; 
three officers wounded, viz.. Captain G. C. Parker and First- 
Lieutenants George H. Bean and George E. Davis, and four 
enlisted men. Seven were missing. The total loss was 
fifteen. 

In ordinary warfare great battles are followed by periods of 
comparative rest, when armies recuperate and seek new 
positions of attack or defense ; but when Grant set out for 
Richmond it was with the purpose " to fight it out on this line 
if it takes all summer." One blow was followed by another 
till the impression was made upon the rebels that a sort of 



252 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

fate was after them. This could be done only by keeping our 
forces on the alert, and constantly in most exhausting service. 
The Twenty-first Regiment was scarcely out of the Wilder- 
ness, before it began the movement towards Spottsylvania 
Court House. Skirmishes were frequent. On the tenth, our 
regiment, in common with the whole of the First Division, 
" suffered an irretrievable loss " in the death of General 
Stevenson. In the afternoon of the same day, the Twenty- 
first was again engaged, and made another charge, when nine 
men were wounded and one was missing. There was skir- 
mishing, and marching, and countermarching on the eleventh 
and twelfth, and on the latter day the regiment was formed in 
line of battle again, and " after a slow driving " of the rebels 
about one-half or three-quarters of a mile, it was detached to 
close a gap in our line, " and then assisted in a glorious 
charge," as a diversion of the enemy from an attack on Gen- 
eral Hancock, " The fighting was obstinate and long con- 
tinued, until the rebels, driven from one line to another, 
brought up in formidable works, from which they were never 
dislodged." The fighting was followed by a rain that increased 
" to a deluge," and added to the discomfort of the night. The 
losses of the regiment were two killed, two mortally wounded, 
and twenty-three wounded ; in all, twenty-seven. 

There was a skirmish in the night of the eighteenth ; 
another, after a "few days of dreariness, on the twenty-fourth, 
at North Anna River ; after which the regiment marched to 
Shady Grove Road, where, formed in line of battle, they lay 
several days and nights in sight of the enemy. On the thirty- 
first of May and the first of June, there were lively picket- 
fights, in which three men were killed and three wounded. 
The next day a movement was made to the left, and the 
Twenty-first was left on picket to bring up the rear. Being 
uncovered on their right too soon, the rebels charged, says 
the report : 

" The Twenty-first fell back as slowly as possible, and engaged them 
fiercely. Soon however the whole rebel line advanced, and almost sur- 
rounded the Twenty-first, which fell back and joined the division, when 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. — THE MINE. 253 

the whole corps soon became actively engaged, and soon the whole army. 
In this terrible trial, the Twenty-first, under command of the brave and 
now regretted Captain Sampson, did nobly ; otherwise the whole rebel 
line would have been upon our army's rear before prepared for it. As it 
was, with due notice by the brisk firing of the picket, they were alarmed, 
formed in line of battle, and resisted the impetuous charge of the rebels 
with terrible slaughter." 

In this action the losses of the regiment were as follows : 
killed, seven ; wounded, twenty-six ; missing thirteen, total, 
forty-six. 

The regiment was engaged the next day, and repulsed an 
attack of the enemy, but suffered no loss. Then came a few 
days of rest, interrupted by occasional skirmishes, after which 
the regiment began its march to the James River, which it 
crossed, arriving at a place near Petersburg, on the sixteenth 
of June ; where " they lay so long and suffered so much, — 
fighting there some of their fiercest battles, and shedding 
some of their most precious blood. Exposed continually, day 
and night, they lay there in their trenches, not daring to lift 
their heads, so near were they to the enemy's sharpshooters. 
And all this during the scorching days of the last of June, 
and all of July, and the first part of August, when the trees 
were burnt, and the grass dead, and the heaven refused its 
rain, and the dust lay thick on all." The very day of their 
arrival they were engaged in action, in which two men were 
killed, and two were wounded. 

The next day witnessed a fiercer struggle. Early in the 
morning the Second Division of the Ninth Army Corps, 
charged and captured some extensive works and four guns, — 
the Twenty-first being in the third line. They then tried in 
vain to take the works beyond. Then the Third Division 
tried and failed. Finally the division to which the Twenty- 
first belonged, was ordered to try it once more. While the 
division was to charge directly ahead, to the Twenty-first was 
" assigned the delicate duty of making a charge diagonally to 
the line of direction of the division, — which thus isolated the 
reo-iment, and exposed it to a more raking fire." This was 



254 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

about five o'clock in the afternoon. Says the report of the 
officer in command : — 

" The Twenty-first arose, but sank almost immediately beneath the 
withering fire which met them. Then there was need of all the courage 
they possessed. They rose again, and this time with a patriotic hur- 
rah. The colors were swung aloft gloriously by Color-Sergeant Frank 
Peckham ; brave officers went ahead, — among whom was Captain 
Charles Goss, who in that terrible moment of trial, brought out all the re- 
sources of his soul, proved and tempered in more than twenty battles of 
this war. A noble courage filled him. He seemed to forget the times 
when he had been wounded ' nigh unto death,' and when the line was well 
formed and advancing nobly, he fell never to rise again till a louder trum- 
pet summon him than was sounded for that advance. . . . His body was 
pierced in many places, and his noble, generous and Christian spirit was 
set free. . . . Captain Sampson again renewed his courage in leading the 
regiment up even to the rebel lines, whence we drove the occupants. The 
lines were ours. Darkness settled around, our amunition was entirely ex- 
hausted. No relief came to our aid. Immediately a rebel charge was 
made, and the whole division fell back in confusion, and the lines so gal- 
lantly taken were again lost. The next morning came, but the rebel army 
had withdrawn, and we advanced without opposition to works we had 
conquered and lost the day before. In this action the regiment lost two 
killed and twenty-five wounded, two mortally ; besides four missing." 

From this date to the thirtieth of July, when the " Mine " 
near Petersburg was exploded, the regiment was in no gen- 
eral action, but was exposed to the severest hardships by 
night as well as by day. Firing was kept up continually both 
from infantry and artillery, and mortars were soon introduced, 
so that the men, who were lying alternate three days in the 
front and second lines, were obliged to keep low. During 
these five weeks the regiment lost three killed and ten 
wounded. 

Then came the awful slaughter in the exploded mine, 
sometimes called the " hell of Petersburg." The blunders 
and confusion and disasters of that day will be assigned to 
the real authors when the facts all come to light ; we are 
concerned only with the dreadful fate of those regimental 
officers and men who could " do and dare," while others were 
responsible for the management of the stratagem. It would 



FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. — THE MINE. 255 

seem that everything was done at cross purposes all day. 
Says the report in continuation: — "And then, late in the 
day, the colored division was brought in, and unable to come 
up in line of battle, owing to the ravine from which they came, 
only added to the confusion and slaughter. They also sought 
shelter in the pit, and soon the rebel mortars getting range of 
the same, made it a horrible slaughter-pen. It was certainly 
the most sorrowful and discouraging battle in which the 
Twenty-first was ever engaged. They fell back from their 
advanced position later in the day, and soon were brought out 
entirely. In the press of the crowd, the bearer of the State 
colors, unable to detach his flag-staff from the earth, tore the 
colors from it as well as possible, and brought them in. 
Troops coming in afterwards brought the staff, which gave 
rise to the rumor that the Twenty-first had lost their colors. 
But it was soon found that the regiment had the silken rags, 
and the error was explained. The color-bearer did his 
duty." The losses in this battle were, two killed ; fifteen 
wounded ; seven missing ; making a total of twenty-four. 
Among the wounded were Captain William H. Clark, (mor- 
tally) First Lieutenants George E. Davis, (severely) Henry S. 
Hitchcock, (severely) R. B. Chamberlain, and Jonas R. Davis. 

It was decided on the eighteenth of August that the regi- 
ment was not a veteran regiment, because fifty-six out of the 
three-fourths who had re-enlisted, had been rejected for vari- 
ous reasons ; and it was ordered that the organization should 
be broken up. The officers and the men who had not re-en- 
listed were to go home and be mustered out. Captains C. W. 
Davis, Orange S. Sampson, and Edward E. Howe, and First 
Lieutenants, Jonas R. Davis, Felix McDermott and William 
H. Sanger, were selected to remain in command of the 
re-enlisted. On that very day the remnant of the regiment 
left was engaged. This re-enlisted remnant was organized 
with the Thirty-sixth soon after their own regiment had left 
for home, and their subsequent history will be found with that 
of their new comrades. 

The Twenty-first Regiment — what was left of it — em- 



256 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

barked in steamer from City Point to Washington, on the 
nineteenth of August. It had lost between the seventh of 
May and the day of its departure from the field, one hundred 
and eighty men. The casualities were as follows. Killed, 
23 ; wounded, 123 ; missing, 34, some of whom were after- 
wards found to be wounded. The regiment had for duty on 
the morning of the sixth of May, 1864, two hundred and nine 
enhsted men. Others had joined in the course of the summer ; 
else there would have been but few to return. 

The brave relicts of the Twenty-first arrived in Boston on 
the evening of the twenty-second of August. They were 
furnished with transportation home, assembled at Worcester 
on the thirtieth, and were mustered out of the service. They 
were paid off in Boston, not until the twentieth of September, 
and were obliged to pay their own expenses '* to and fro at 
muster-out and at pay-day." The report concludes with this 
reference to a brave officer : — 

" It ought to be said before closing, that Captain Clark, who was mor- 
tally wounded at Petersburg, lived to see his home again before he died. 
He also had served three months in the eighth as private before entering 
the Twenty-first. He had been wounded once before at Chantilly, and as 
it was then thought, fatally, and fell into rebel hands. He never recovered 
fully, but still was ever with the regiment, and always at his post. He 
was very cool in action, brave, and beloved by all. He had more than 
ordinary determination, or he could not have remained with the regiment 
after his first wound." 

From the time of entering the service till they were 
mustered out, eleven commissioned officers, and one hundred 
and twenty enlisted men, had been killed ; twenty-four officers 
and three hundred and eighty-three men had been wounded. 
Others had died of whom no official report was received. 
Seventy-eight were among the missing. 

The regiment had been in twenty-three battles, besides 
combats, picket-fights and skirmishes. It never faltered in 
duty, nor quailed under hardship ; and on more than one 
occasion saved the day or turned the tide of battle, when 
other troops were yielding. It has a record which favorably 
compares with that of the best regiments from this or any other 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 257 

State. The children of such soldiers may ever be proud of 
their parentage, and the State of Massachusetts will never 
cease to remember them with grateful honor. 

Section III. The Twenty-fifth Regiment. 
This regiment was honored by a reception in Boston, by the 
state and city authorities, and in Worcester they received a 
most enthusiastic welcome. 

After the enjoyment of a pleasant month at home, the 
Twenty-fifth left for the war again on the twenty-first of 
March, by the land route to Baltimore and sailed thence for 
Fortress Monroe. Just before leaving, a beautiful flag was 
presented by Miss Frances M. Lincoln, daughter of the 
Mayor, in behalf of the ladies of Worcester, the first flag 
being worn out in the service. Colonel Pickett, who had been 
a member from the first, was in command. The regiment 
reached the Fortress on the twenty-fifth, and were immedi- 
ately ordered to Getty's Station, near Portsmouth, where the 
remaining portion, — those who had not re-enlisted — met 
them and went into camp, which in honor of one of our 
citizens, was called Camp Wellington. On the thirteenth of 
April, the regiment was engaged in light skirmishing, while 
on an expedition to Smithfield. Orders were received at mid- 
night, on the twenty-second, to embark at once for Plymouth, 
North Carolina, but on reaching Albermarle Sound, counter- 
orders sent them back to Getty's Station. In the meantime, 
two companies of the regiment which had been on an excur- 
sion to Suffolk, Virginia, came into camp. 

The regiment became a component part of Heckman's Bri- 
gade, Second Division, Eighteenth Army Corps, April 26, 
and the next day, moved to Yorktown, where it remained till 
the fourth of May, on which day it left on transports for 
Bermuda Hundred, arriving on the fifth at five p.m. The 
next morning the march was taken up for Cobb's Hill, which 
was occupied at eleven o'clock. At five in the afternoon the 
brigade attacked the enemy at Port Walthall Station, for the 
purpose of gaining possession of the Richmond and Peters- 

17 



258 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

burg railroad. In this "short but severe" engagement, 
which was unsuccessful, the Twenty-fifth lost three killed 
and fourteen wounded. The next day the attack was 
renewed, and the enemy were forced from their hold upon the 
railroad, and the track was destroyed. 

An advance was made on the Richmond Turnpike on the 
ninth of May. The enemy were steadily driven into their 
works on Swift Creek. The rebels made repeated charges 
and attempts to break our lines. The following is from the 
report of the colonel, 

" The Twenty-fifth here met and repulsed a furious charge from the 
Twenty-fifth South CaroHna. Perceiving their evident design, the regi- 
ment was ordered to reserve their fire until the rebels were within a few 
yards, when such a terrible volley was poured into their ranks as to hurl 
them back in the greatest confusion and disorder, leaving the ground in 
our front covered with dead and wounded. No farther advance was made, 
but after holding the position until morning, we were ordered to return to 
camp at Cobb's Hill." 

The same incident is given with additional particulars, 
in the history of the Twenty-seventh regiment, in these 
words : — 

" The three last named regiments, — Twenty-third, Twenty-fifth and 
the Twenty-seventh South Carolina, — by a singular coincidence, corre- 
sponded to the Massachusetts regiments opposing them, Massachusetts 
versus South Carolina, ' mudsills ' versus ' chivalry.' The enemy came 
rushing forward four lines deep with their own peculiar yell. They pre- 
sented a front and charged with an impetuosity worthy of a better cause, 
until within fifteen or twenty yards of our line, when their column began 
to waver, our fire being too hot for them. A few arrived within ten yards 
of our line, but very few ever got back to tell the tale. At a distance 
of within fifty yards, our two regiments, the Twenty-fifth and Twenty- 
seventh, forming the front line, opened a deadly fire on them at ' right 
and left oblique,' and literally piled up the dead and wounded." 

This action called the battle of Arrowfield Church, cost the 
Twenty-fifth one officer and eleven men killed, and two 
officers and forty-seven men wounded. 

On the eleventh the regiment moved out on the turnpike 
towards Richmond. There was skirmishing this day, and 
on the morning of the next, the rebels, in both cases, being 



FOURTH YEx\R. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 259 

forced back. They took refuge in their intrenchments at 
Drury's Bluff. Skirmishing was kept up two days and nights, 
until the morning of the sixteenth, when the enemy, under 
cover of a dense fog, with the help of reinforcements, massed 
their troops and made a most desperate assault upon Heck- 
man's Brigade, which was in an exposed position, on the right 
of the line, " being posted in single line of battle, with no 
protection for the flank, no artillery or infantry support what- 
ever." In this trying position the Twenty-fifth " fought splen- 
didly, holding their ground with the utmost tenacity, inflicting 
on the charging columns of the enemy the most terrible 
slaughter, until surrounded, and with ammunition exhausted, 
they were ordered to face by the rear rank and charge the 
rebel line, that in the fog had gained our rear, thereby throw- 
ing the enemy into such confusion as to enable the regiment 
to extricate itself from one of the most perilous positions 
troops were ever placed in. Reforming the line of battle a 
short distance to the rear, the regiment held an important 
position, checking any further advance of the enemy during 
the day, and at night the whole column withdrew to their 
original lines." This long contest cost the regiment dear. 
Eleven were killed, one officer and fifty-two men were 
wounded, and seventy-three were missing ; making a total 
loss of one hundred and thirty-seven. 

Entrenching and furnishing heavy details for picket-duty 
kept the regiment busy till the twenty-seventh, when orders 
came to march to City Point. Embarking here the troops 
were landed at White House on the thirtieth. The day fol- 
lowing the march was towards Richmond, and the regiment 
bivouacked at Church Tavern, within twelve miles of the 
rebel capital. On the first of June at four p.m., they reached 
" Coal " or " Cold Harbor," the scene of one of the most 
terrible and disastrous battles of the war. Here the regi- 
ment joined the Army of the Potomac, formed line of battle 
without delay, and soon became engaged with the enemy, 
with heavy skirmishing through the night and the next day. 
The morning of June 3, came and ushered in a sad but glori- 
ous day for the Twenty-fifth, Says the official report : — 



260 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

" We were ordered to assault the enemy's works. The regiment 
charged gallantly some distance through a most galling fire, until within 
a few yards of their intrenchments ; [the enemy's] they were met by a 
storm of bullets, shot and sliell, that no human power could withstand. 
Checked in their attempt to break the rebel line, and with two-thirds of 
their number killed or disabled, the regiment still determinedly held the 
position gained, protecting themselves as best they could, by the nature 
of the ground, until dark, when with their hands and tin cups, rifle-pits 
were constructed, thus rendering the position tenable. In this desperate 
assault the regiment displayed the most heroic bravery." 

The frightful position of the regiment may be seen by the 
fact that they had entered the opening of a valley shaped like a 
horse-shoe, and that the land rose in front and on either flank, 
covered with wood and brush, so that they were at the mercy 
of a concealed enemy. To this was ov/ing their fearful loss. 
But having intrenched themselves, they remained in the rifle- 
pits, continually skirmishing, yet with trifling loss, until the 
twelfth, when they were ordered to march to the White 
House. In this awful struggle the regiment had four officers 
and twenty-three men killed ; eleven officers and one hun- 
dred and twenty-eight men were wounded ; and two officers 
and forty-seven men were missing. Among the wounded was 
the brave colonel, who received a bullet just below the hip, 
which was driven deep and carried before it five or six thick- 
nesses of cloth — cloak, coat, pants, drawers, and linings. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Moulton was taken prisoner ; Major 
Attwood was wounded ; Adjutant McConville was mortally 
wounded. Captain F. A. Goodwin, senior officer, now as- 
sumed command. When the regiment embarked, on the 
thirteenth, for Point of Rocks, it contained less than one third 
of the number who sailed two weeks before. 

On the night of the fourteenth the remnant were at Point 
of Rocks, on the Appomattox, and at two o'clock the next 
morning took up the line of march for Petersburg. They 
crossed the river, and at eight began skirmishing with the 
enemy. " Advancing under a severe fire from the enemy's 
artillery, to within a short distance of their works, we halted 
and remained during the day, exposed to the scorching rays of 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. — THE MINE. 26 1 

the sun, and the enemy's fire, which was kept up at intervals 
until sundown, when a furious fire from our artillery was 
opened, and the works carried by assault ; the Twenty-fifth 
capturing three twelve-pound Napoleon guns with caissons 
complete." The capture of the guns was made by Co. A, 
who under the command of Orderly Sergeant Samuel Putnam, 
" are entitled to the highest praise for their gallant conduct." 
One man was killed, and one officer and seventeen men were 
wounded. The regiment now came under the command of 
Captain V. P. Parkhurst. 

On the eighteenth the brigade was ordered to capture a line 
of works, but their charge was repulsed, and our regiment lost 
six men killed, and one officer and twelve men wounded. 
During the next five weeks the troops were in the trenches, 
but exposed to incessant fire from infantry and artillery, with 
constant skirmishing. Six men were killed ; one officer and 
twenty-four men were wounded. Thus the ranks were fast 
thinning, day by day, but their time was nearly ended. On 
the twenty-fifth of August, the regiment, with its brigade, 
crossed the Appomattox again, and took its position on the 
left of General Butler's line of works, where they lay in- 
trenched untd the fourth of September. It was then ordered 
to Newbern, North Carolina, which place it reached on the 
tenth ; once more in the old familiar scenes of its earlier 
triumphs. On the fifth of October, that portion of the regi- 
ment whose term of service had expired, were ordered to 
Worcester under command of Captain Denny, the place of 
enrollment, and then, on the twentieth of the same month, 
were mustered out of the service of the United States. 

On this its final return, the regiment had a most cordial and 
gratifying reception from the city authorities and the citizens 
generally. Addresses of welcome and of thanks were made 
by Mayor Lincoln and Colonel Pickett, the one representing 
the city and the other the regiment. 

The remainder of the men were consolidated, with their 
officers, into four companies, forming a battalion, with head- 
quarters near Fort Spinola, under Captain James Tucker. 



262 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Their history for the remainder of the year, will be found at 
the close of this chapter. 

Returning now to the history of the whole regiment, we 
find that during the year 1864, it lost some of its best and 
bravest officers. Captain O'Neil fell on the third of June, 
asking as he died, to have " his face turned toward the 
enemy." Lieutenants Daly, Upton, Matthews, Pelton and 
Graham, " nobly and gallantly fell in the faithful discharge of 
their duties." Lieutenant McConville, the Adjutant, " a brave 
and most accomplished officer," died of wounds received at 
Cold Harbor. Says the colonel in his report : " The ex- 
cellent conduct of both officers and men, under all circum- 
stances, elicits my entire approbation. Their vigilance fidel- 
ity, fortitude, with the unsurpassed and unflinching valor at 
all times displayed, entitled them to the highest and most 
unqualified praise." 

The total number of wounded in the regiment, from its 
organization until it was mustered out October 20, 1864, was 
twenty-one officers, and three hundred and eighty-two men. 
Thirteen are reported as deserters, but not one was known to 
have joined the enemy. 

Thus closes a history which will ever redound to the honor 
of one of the bravest, most serviceable, and most devoted 
regiments that went from our Commonwealth to the war. 

Section IV. — The Thirty-fourth Regiment. 

The Thirty-fourth, after its rapid and fatiguing march of 
one hundred and sixteen miles in four days, from Harrison- 
burg down the valley of the Shenandoah, found itself at 
Harper's Ferry, where it kept Christmas as merrily as it could, 
under the circumstances. The years' work began on the first 
of February, 1864. In continuing the narrative of the regi- 
ment, for several succeeding months, the facts will be drawn 
from the report of Lieutenant-Colonel Lincoln, and in many 
cases, the exact language will be used. Colonel Wells was 
acting as brigadier nearly all the time till his lamented death. 

On, the first of February the regiment was ordered to Cum- 



FOURTH YEAR." THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 263 

berland, Maryland ; on the seventh it returned to Harper's 
Ferry ; on the fifth of March, it was sent to Monocacy. 
These movements were to repel threatened attacks. March 7, 
the regiment went to Martinsburg, and was placed on provost 
duty, Colonel Wells commanding the post. They were 
ordered back to the Ferry on the second of April, and on the 
seventeenth back to Martinsburg. April 29, they left Mar- 
tinsburg, with forces under General Sigel. At this time the 
regiment contained nine hundred and thirty-six enlisted men ; 
six hundred and seventy present for duty. They remained at 
Winchester from May 2 to May 9, where Sigel was drilling 
and organizing his command. May 9, marched to Cedar 
Creek; May 11, to Woodstock; May 14, received orders to 
move, about eleven o'clock, a.m., and reached New Market at 
six, P.M., having marched twenty-one miles, with a single halt 
of ten minutes. Then occurred the battle of New Market, 
which shall be described in the words of the report : — 

" Our advance cavalry we found engaged with the enemy. The fight- 
ing lasted till after dark. We were ordered to take position in a piece of 
woods held by the enemy. After a sharp skirmish we drove them from 
their position. We lay in line of battle all night, in a cold, drizzling rain 
storm, which had continued since morning, without shelter from the 
storm, or anything to eat. At dayhght, — May 15, — the next morning, 
three companies were ordered forward, to take possession, and held this 
point until about eleven a.m., when the enemy advanced a whole brigade, 
preceded by a double line of skirmishers, against this little force. By 
skillful deployment, they had been made to believe that our whole force 
was there. These three companies waited until their advance was vvithin 
twenty rods, when they were rapidly and safely withdrawn. This maneu- 
ver gained for us three or four hours, and enabled a part of the remaining 
force of General Sigel to come up. We fell back about a mile, and form- 
ing a line of battle, awaited the attack. The enemy were soon seen ad- 
vancing in beautiful order, with three lines of battle, each larger than our 
one ; their line yelling, and firing with great rapidity. We w^ere ordered 
to lie down, and hold our fire till they came within close range. After 
receiving their fire some ten minutes, we arose and poured into them a 
sharp fire. Their first line was crushed, their second wavered, halted, 
and began to fall back. A cheer ran along our lines, and the first success 
was ours. Colonel Thoburn, commanding brigade, rode along the line, 
ordering us to prepare to charge. We fixed bayonets, and when the 



264" WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

order came, sprang forward. The enemy had rallied, and received us 
with a severe fire. After advancing about fifty yards we discovered that 
the regiment was without support, and going forward alone. The order 
to halt was sounded, but nothing could be heard in the din of battle ; 
it was only by Colonel Wells taking the color-bearer by the shoulder, and 
holding him fast, that the regiment could be stopped. We fell back to 
our first position and renewed the fight. The battery on our right, losing 
its support, had limbered up and retired. We were alone on the right, 
and the Fifty-fourth Pennsylvania on the left of the pike ; the fire of a 
whole brigade was concentrated upon our regiment. The men were fall- 
ing rapidly, and it was useless to try to check, with our small force, the 
heavy column of the enemy. The men fell back fighting stubbornly. 
All along the line they could be heard saying to each other, ' For God's 
sake, don't run, Thirty-fourth ! don't let them drive you ! ' We were 
ordered by General Sullivan, commanding division, to fall back about a 
mile, when a second line was formed. The enemy did not pursue. We 
went into the fight with some five hundred men. Of this number in that 
half-hour's fight, we had one officer and twenty-seven men killed, eight 
officers and one hundred and sixty-six men wounded ; three of the for- 
mer, and many of the latter, being left in the enemy's hands ; and two 
officers and sixteen men prisoners ; making a total loss of two hundred 
and twenty-one. Nearly every man bore about him the marks of 
battle." 

It should be said, in addition, tliat Colonel Lincoln was 
severely wounded in the shoulder, and fell into the hands of 
the enemy. He was taken to Harrisonburg. 

The above recital, is the highest eulogy of both officers and 
men. But though the battle was over, hard duty was not. 
The regiment marched all night, reaching Woodstock at day- 
light, where a halt was made for an hour, and where the first 
food and sleep for two days were obtained. Cedar Creek was 
reached on the sixteenth. The gallant and youthful Captain 
William B. Bacon, of Worcester, was killed. " Distinguished 
for his manly virtues, kind and courteous to all, his loss was 
deeply felt." On the eighteenth, the regiment was at Fisher's 
Hill, and on the twenty-second at Strasburg, where General 
Hunter took command, and prepared for a new move up the 
valley. Advancing, they were at Woodstock on the twenty- 
sixth, at New Market three days later, and at Harrisonburg 
on the second of June. Still advancing towards a retreating 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 265 

enemy, Piedmont was reached on the fifth. Our troops, break- 
ing camp at three o'clock in the morning, marched to meet 
the rebels, and at daylight entered into the fight. In the 
words of the report, written by Captain Potter, now in com- 
mand : 

" After a good deal of maneuvering by our brigade on the left of the 
line, most of the time under a heavy artillery fire, we were moved across 
to the right to make a charge with the First Brigade. The enemy was 
advantageously posted in the woods, on the crest of a hill. The charge 
was made about 2 p.m. The rebels, being behind rail breast-works, 
made a stubborn resistance. We charged up to within twenty yards of 
their works, when the whole line halted, and for twenty minutes the roar 
of musketry was terrible. The enemy attempting to turn our left, threw 
a heavy force upon our flank. It was a critical time. Had our left but 
given way, the day might have had another issue. The two companies 
on the left, I and B, lost fifty-four men. This attack being repulsed, we 
charged in turn driving them in the greatest confusion. Along the right, 
our fire had been so hot it compelled the rebels to keep below their rail 
barricades. We caught over one thousand uninjured men lying close 
behind them." 

The losses of the regiment in this action were fifteen men 
killed and ninety wounded, two of whom. Adjutant J. F. 
Woods, and First-Lieutenant A. C. Walker, afterwards died. 
The next day the regiment moved to Staunton, taking all the 
wounded who were able to be moved. On the seventh of 
June, they marched to Buffalo Gap and back, destroying rail- 
roads and pubUc buildings. They were transferred to the 
First Brigade, Colonel Wells commanding, on the ninth of 
June. The next day a long march began, via Lexington, 
Buchanan, Peaks of Otter and Liberty, to near Lynchburg, 
which was reached on the seventeenth, a distance of one 
hundred and three miles. The regiment lay in line of battle 
all night, and was engaged all the next day in the battle of 
Lynchburg, losing five men killed, and one officer and forty- 
one men wounded. 

Then commenced a long and tedious march to the west and 
north, through Western Virginia to Maryland, by way of 
Liberty, Bon sacks, Salem, New London, Newcastle, Sweet 
Springs, White Sulphur Springs, Lewisburg, and over the 



266 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Little and Big Sewell Mountains, to Ganley Bridge, where 
rations met them, on the twenty-eight of June. " During the 
past fourteen days, but eight ounces of flour had been issued 
to each man. We had a small allowance of sugar and coffee, 
and one barrel of fresh meat per day." The troops were 
ordered by General Hunter to " live on the country," but the 
country was mountainous and very sparsely settled, and the 
little forage it could afford was taken by the cavalry. " The 
men suffered severely from hunger. Birch trees were peeled 
for the bark, and deserted mills were carefully swept to get 
the flour. Parched corn was a luxury possessed by only a few 
fortunate ones." The march was resumed on the second of 
July, and Camp Piatt was reached on the next day, a distance 
of twenty-four miles. On the fourth, the troops took trans- 
portation for Cherry Run, Maryland, where they arrived in 
four days ; and on the eleventh they marched to Martin sburg, 
Virginia, sixteen miles. They had now completed an immense 
circuit, made many exhausting marches, suffered intensely 
from hunger, splendidly fought several hard and successful 
battles, and were back again in the vicinity of their starting- 
point. 

From this time to the fourth of September, the regiment 
was constantly marching up and down the valley, and across 
the Potomac into Maryland and back again, with frequent 
skirmishes, aud occasional losses of men by deaths or wounds. 
In this time they had marched and countermarched no less 
than three hundred and twenty-six miles, and had lost four 
killed, seventeen wounded, and two prisoners. The regiment 
lay at Summit Point, not far from Berryville, from the fourth 
to the nineteenth of September, fortifying themselves, and 
repelling the rebels. 

On the nineteenth was fought the battle of Winchester, the 
narrative of which will be best given in the words of the 
official report. Captain Thompson was now in command. 
The regiment moved from the picket line where it had been 
the day before, at three a.m., and marched towards the cross- 
ing of the Opequan by the Berryville Road, arriving there at 



FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. — THE MINE. 267 

about ten in the forenoon. Sheridan now commanded in the 
valley. 

" We found the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps heavily engaged, about a 
mile in our front. We were soon ordered forward, and formed in line 
of battle in a piece of woods some five hundred yards from the rebel line, 
our corps being on the right, halted for about an hour. Up to this time 
our forces had been severely handled. Our regiment was ordered to hold 
a point of a hill looking towards a ravine where the enemy appeared in 
force, and from which a flank attack might come. The whole army scon 
charged our brigade, passing diagonally from left to right, across our 
front. The fighting was now severe ; the cheers of our men, and the 
fierce yells of the rebels, rising above the roar of artillery and crashing of 
musketry. We soon went forward and after getting clear of the woods, 
making a left half wheel, we charged directly upon the enemy, who were 
posted behind a stone fence. We were now almost alone ; with nothing 
almost on our left, and but a few stragglers on our right. The enemy 
opened upon us a fire from two batteries ; when within sixty yards of this 
fence, the rebels rose and gave us a terrible volley. The men were falling 
rapidl}', when we were ordered to lie down. The two batteries, at close 
range, were firing their shot and shell into us. It seemed certain death 
to remain. A staff officer ordered us to hold this position if it cost every 
man we had. He told us that the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps would 
soon be up on our left. But it was impossible to stay there, and nothing 
was left but to charge and drive the enemy from the wall. The order was 
given, and with a yell we went forward. The enemy fled, leaving in our 
hands one gun. While gallantly leading his men in this charge, the brave 
Captain Thompson fell, shot through the heart. As a private in the 
Eighth Regiment, he fought at the first battle of Bull Run. Obtaining 
a captaincy in the Thirty-fourth, he proved himself a most accomplished 
officer. Ever foremost in battle, his personal gallantry on the field won 
for him the respect of all. Our Hues were soon formed for the final 
charge, in three lines of battle, crescent shaped. Over an open field we 
moved forward to the attack ; it was the most splendidly magnificent 
sight ever seen ; no battle picture could exceed it. In beautiful order, 
with banners gayly flying, these three lines, each nearly a mile in length, 
advanced upon the already disordered mass of the enemy, pouring into 
them a rapid and concentric fire. As they broke, two divisions of cav- 
alry, with flashing sabres and loud yells, charged among them, then 
wheeling, charged back, driving over fifteen hundred of the miscreant 
horde into our own lines. The fight was over, but the pursuit was kept 
up all night, the rebels being chased to Fisher's Hill." 

The regiment went into this battle with something less than 



268 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

three hundred men ; it came out with one hundred and ten 
less than when the fight began. One officer and eight men 
were killed ; six officers and ninety-four men were wounded, 
and one was missing. It was of this action that Sheridan 
wrote as follows : — 

"We have just sent the enemy whirling through Winchester, and are 
after them to-morrow. This army behaved splendidly. We captured two 
thousand five hundred to three thousand prisoners, five pieces of artillery, 
nine battle-flags, and all the rebel dead and wounded. Their wounded in 
Winchester amount to some three thousand." 

The Thirty-fourth lay that night beyond Winchester, and 
moved to Cedar Creek the next day, under the command of 
Major Potter, where it was concealed in the woods all of the 
day following, the tw^enty-first, while things were shaping 
themselves for another battle, that of Fisher's Hill. The 
words of the report are as follows : — 

" Before daylight on the twenty-second, our corps was moved around 
to the right of our lines. We passed up the side of the North Mountain, 
until we had got in the rear of the enemy's lines, where with fixed bay- 
onets and fierce yells we charged down the mountain side, firing as we 
advanced. Had the heavens themselves opened, and we been seen de- 
scending from them, the surprise and consternation of the rebels could 
not have been greater. We charged over their works, capturing two 
guns, a large amount of fixed ammunition, and some prisoners. All or- 
ganization being lost in this wild pursuit, every man fought for himself, 
and in his own manner. One man, private William Carr, Company B, 
alone charged into the mass of retreating rebels, and brought out eight 
prisoners, whom he took to the rear. One desperate attempt, only, was 
made by the enemy to check our advance, but in the wild frenzy of battle 
we swept everything before us. For over four miles we charged along 
their works, turning the enemy out as the plough turns the furrow. . . . 
Thus ended the fight of Fisher's Hill ; to which the history of this war 
furnishes nothing approaching a parallel ; — less than five thousand men 
routing an army of over twenty thousand, and driving them from a posi- 
tion which they boasted they could hold against one hundred thousand. 
Our regiment took two guns and seven caissons. Our loss was nineteen 
men wounded." 

The regiment encamped near Round Top that night, while 
the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps kept up the chase. An 
accidental discharge of a musket, by a member of another 



FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 269 

regiment, in the night, mortally wounded Major Harrison W. 
Pratt, who died on the twenty-sixth, at Strasburg. Thus was 
the rejoicing of the regiment over the victory, " turned in a 
moment into grief." The kind and appreciative notice of his 
merits by the officer in command, will be quoted in another 
connection. 

September 23, our regiment, with the brigade, was engaged 
in collecting the spoils of battle, consisting of twenty-two 
guns, seventeen caissons loaded with ammunition, and large 
quantities of small arms. They marched, the next two days 
via Mount Jackson, to Harrisonburg, a distance of fifty miles. 
The regiment formed the provost guard in town. No farther 
movement was made until the seventh of October, when the 
regiment crossed Cedar Creek, and took a position on a hill 
commanding the ford. On the thirteenth, the enemy unex- 
pectedly assailed the camp of our forces with artillery, and 
brought on the first battle of Cedar Creek, in which Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Potter led the regiment. The narrative pro- 
ceeds : — 

" Our brigade and the Third were ordered to advance against them, to 
discover their force. After some maneuvering for position, we moved 
forward under the severest fire of shell, grape and canister, we had ever 
been exposed to. Our way lay across an open field, and our regiment, 
being in direct range, received the whole fire. The shell would strike the 
line sweeping down four or five men, leaving them either dead or 
wounded. The regiment would close up these gaps, without a man's 
faltering. I never saw the regiment behave more splendidly. We took 
position behind a stone fence where we were below the range of their 
artillery, and a sharp fire of half an hour began. We had encountered 
Kershaw's whole division of Longstreet's Corps. 

The Third Brigade, which advanced on the right of the pike, had re- 
ceived orders to retire ; similar orders had been sent to us, but never 
reached us. We were not in a position where we could see the move- 
ments of the other brigade. The enemy suddenly threw a heavy force 
upon our flank and rear. The four right companies were swung back to 
check this movement. The men executing this movement under a severe 
fire, were as cool as on drill. Colonel Wells went to the right to see how 
this movement of the army could have taken place ; while returning, and 
just behind our colors, he was struck by a ball. He threw up his hands, 
uttering an exclamation as of great pain. I immediately sent an officer to 



270 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

help him from his horse. He would not be carried to the rear, saying, 
* Gentlemen, it is of no use ; save yourselves.' We could not maintain 
this unequal contest, and the order was given to retire — and our brave 
colonel was left to die in the enemy's hands. . . . Thus gallantly fell one 
of the ablest officers in the service, at a time when the honors he had so 
long deserved were about to be conferred on him. . . . Our loss was very 
severe ; of less than two hundred and fifty men, who went into the fight, 
we had killed, one officer and eight men ; wounded, two officers, (one of 
whom died,) and forty-six men ; three officers and thirty-seven men cap- 
tured. This fight took place in presence of the whole army, and within 
range of our artillery ; but not a gun was fired until we had been driven 
from the field. The enemy did not pursue as they were within range of 
our guns." 

The next three days were occupied in building breastworks. 
On the nineteenth, about 4, a.m., picket-firing was heard, and 
the regiment was immediately in line behind their works. 
Thus began the second battle of Cedar Creek. " In about 
half an hour, the enemy, taking advantage of a thick fog, 
drove in our pickets, and came rushing on. We were in 
readiness to receive them, and poured into them a sharp fire." 
In the meantime all the supports of the regiment on the right 
and left failing, the enemy got into the rear, and our men were 
receiving a fire from all sides. Says the report : " The order 
was given to fall back in line, which we did just in time to 
escape capture by a division of the enemy, who had come up 
in our rear. Our corps was held in reserve during the after- 
noon, and was not actively engaged. Our loss was one man 
killed, nine wounded, and thirty-two captured." 

This closed the hard fighting of the campaign, and the 
simple record of the achievements of the Thirty-fourth regi- 
ment of Massachusetts Volunteers, cannot fail to fill the 
reader with heartfelt admiration. The city of Worcester, the 
county, the state, the nation itself has reason to be proud of 
such officers and such men. 

The regiment was ordered to Newton, October 19, to guard 
a hospital, and remained there until the tenth of November, 
when it joined the main army at Kernstown. On the eight- 
eenth it was ordered, with the brigade, to the Opequan 
Crossing to guard the railroad bridge. Company F was 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 2/1 

detailed as provost-guard at brigade head-quarters, its com- 
mander, Captain Elwell, acting as A. A. G. of the brigade. 
Lieutenant and Adjutant T. W. Ripley was at this time 
appointed on the brigade staff as A. A. A. General. On the 
eighteenth of December, the monotony of camp life was 
broken by orders to proceed by rail to Washington, where the 
regiment went on board the steamer Massachusetts, and 
steamed down the Potomac. After six days steamboat life, 
the regiment disembarked at Aiken's Landing, on the James 
River. Here their shelter tents were pitched, and the camp 
named Camp Holly. The division to which the regiment 
belonged was assigned to the army of the James, as the Inde- 
pendent Division of the Twenty-fourth Army Corps. Occa- 
sional drill and picket duty occupied the command while here, 
and the regiment received many compliments for its excellent 
drill and condition. 

Since April 2g, the regiment had fought in nine battles and 
many skirmishes. It had marched over one thousand miles, 
in the warmest season of the year, besides its transportation 
by rail and steamer. Every officer except one had been 
wounded, some of them three times. Nearly every man in 
the regiment had been hit in some part of his dress. At 
Piedmont, Sergeant Pepper and Corporal Hubbard, — both on 
the colors, — had four bullets pass through the clothes of 
each, and yet were not wounded. The colonel, the major, 
two captains, three lieutenants and seventy-three men had 
met a soldier's death upon the battle-field. The lieutenant- 
colonel, one captain, and one lieutenant had been severely 
wounded and taken prisoners ; and its hst of wounded and 
captured, amounted to twenty-nine officers and six hundred 
and thirteen men. Eight officers and three hundred and two 
men were all that were left fit for duty in the field. 

Section V. — The Thirty-sixth Regiment. 
We left this veteran body of troops, in the closing weeks of 
1863, amid the hardships of a winter campaign in East Ten- 
nesee; cold, rain, nakedness, hunger, all combined with 



2/2 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

marching, guarding, skirmishing and digging rifle-pits, to try 
the power of endurance of these heroic men. Their raLions 
were " six spoonsful of flour for seven days, and what c orn 
could be picked up from under the feet of the mules and 
horses ; clothing all tattered and torn, and not enough even of 
this quality." 

On the twenty-first of January, the regiment retreated to 
Knoxville, eighteen miles, and had a skirmish with rebel 
cavalry. There they remained in camp three days ; then 
marched to Erin's Station, six miles, and encamped until 
February i6. During a cold and severe storm the regiment 
then marched to near Knoxville, where it remained until the 
twenty-fourth ; then marched to Strawberry Plains, a distance 
of eighteen miles. From this time to the nineteenth of 
March, the regiment was marching and countermarching 
almost constantly, some times in pursuit of rebel cavalry. 
At the date last mentioned, the regiment marched to Knox- 
ville, where it remained to the twenty-first, and then 
commenced a march over the Cumberland Mountains to 
Nicholasville, Kentucky, a distance of one hundred and 
ninety-eight miles, which was completed on the first of 
April. 

The next day, our men took the cars for Annapolis, which 
place was reached on the sixth. At Cincinnati, Colonel 
Goodell, who after partially recovering from his wound, had 
been on court-martial duty, joined the regiment. Here they 
remained in camp until the twenty-third. The camp was 
laid out, rations were plenty, new clothing was drawn and 
kept neat and clean, and the regiment expected, after the 
hardships endured through the winter, to be allowed a rest 
of several weeks. But the country needed them in the field, 
and they never failed to heed her call. After seventeen days 
they were ordered, to near Alexandria, where they arrived in 
two days, a distance of thirty-eight miles. After resting two 
days, the march was taken up to Fairfax Court House, seven- 
teen miles. Thence by Bristow to Catlett Station, twenty- 
eight miles, where they relieved a regiment of regulars 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 273 

belonging to the Fifth Corps. At this time the wound of 
Colonel Goodell forced him to give up the command of the 
regiment. Offered a place on General Burnside's staff, he 
was compelled to decline it. They remained here from 
April 29 till the fourth of May, and then marched eighteen 
miles to Bealton. Major Draper was now in command." 

The fifth of May saw them across the Rapidan, on the 
borders of the Wilderness. The next day they plunged into 
that maze of horrors, and bore their part bravely, as the 
losses of the regiment prove. They charged the enemy 
three times, and their loss was quite heavy. The particulars 
of the fight are not given in the report of the adjutant 
general, but it appears that two officers — Major Draper and 
Captain Marshall — were wounded ; eleven men were killed, 
fifty-one were wounded, and two were missing. The regi- 
ment was now under the lead of Major Barker. 

They were engaged on the next two days, but met with no 
losses. On the ninth the regiment marched from the Wilder- 
ness to Chancellorsville, nine miles ; and on the day follow- 
ing, fifteen miles, to Spottsylvania Court House. The 
twelfth was the day of the hard-fought battle of Spottsylvania 
Court House, in which the Thirty-sixth was engaged and lost 
heavily. Captain Bailey and First Lieutenant Daniels were 
killed. Captain Morse was severely wounded ; twenty men 
were killed ; fifty-six wounded, and one was missing. The 
regiments were few that suffered a greater proportional 
loss ; perhaps none was more efficient in that sanguinary 
conflict. 

The regiment remained near the scene of the battle until 
the twenty-first, when it crossed the river Po, and skirmished 
with the enemy, though without loss. The next three days 
the march was towards the North Anna River, some twenty- 
seven miles. On the twenty-fourth the river was crossed, 
and there was a severe skirmish, in which the loss was one 
man killed and three wounded. From May 26 to June 2, 
the regiment was marching, crossing rivers, — the North An- 
na and Pamunkey, — and daily skirmishing with the enemy. 

18 



2/4 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The battle at Bethesda Church occurred on the third of 
June, in which the Thirty-sixth maintained its high reputa- 
tion for discipHne and bravery. The battle was hardly 
contested, and the regiment suffered heavily from its de- 
pleted ranks. Captain Barker and Lieutenant Burrage were 
wounded ; eight men were killed, and thirty-seven received 
wounds more or less severe. 

The next day the line of march was to Coal Harbor, where 
skirmishes took place from time to time until the twelfth, 
when the regiment, with the whole army, took another " flank 
movement," and marched to the James River, on the banks 
of which it arrived near Harrison's Landing, on the night of 
the fourteenth of June. After marching all night of the 
fifteenth and all day of the sixteenth, the regiment arrived in 
front of the enemy's lines before Petersburg in the evening. 

The next day found these war-worn veterans in the fierce 
tug of war again. At daybreak they charged the enemy's 
works, and completely surprised them, capturing two cannon 
and four hundred and fifty prisoners — "a. full success in 
every particular." 

This success was secured by an ingenious mse. It was 
dark, and Captain Smith called to one and another of his 
lieutenants as if they were general officers : " General Fair- 
banks bring up your division." The rebels supposing they 
were in the presence of a large force, surrendered, much to 
their chagrin, when they learned the fact. Captain Holmes 
was mortally wounded ; three men were killed and fifteen 
wounded. 

Another battle was fought the next day, when the brigade 
to which the Thirty-sixth belonged, supported the First 
Division. Captain Buffum was killed ; one man was also 
killed, and seven were wounded. 

From this date the regiment remained in rifle-pits about 
two months, until the nineteenth of August. The situation 
was of course confined, and the service arduous, while the 
danger was incessant. The number of men killed during 
this time was five ; the number of the wounded was fourteen, 
one of them mortally. 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 2/5 

A change came on the nineteenth, when orders were given 
to march to the Weldon Railroad. One man was wounded 
while skirmishing. The regiment remained near the rail- 
road, in camp, doing picket duty, until September 27, and 
then marched five miles to the near vicinity of Petersburg. 
Two days later it marched to Poplar-Grove Church, where 
on the next morning, the Fifth and Ninth Corps charged 
upon the rebel works, taking the first line. On the after- 
noon of the same day, the Ninth Corps assailed the second 
line of the enemy's works, but was repulsed with consider- 
able loss. The loss of our regiment was large considering 
its reduced numbers. Captain J. B. Smith was wounded; two 
men were killed ; eleven were wounded, and ten were miss- 
ing. Total loss, twenty-four. 

The regiment again moved forward and established a new 
line near Pegram Farm, on the first of October. In the 
operation, six enlisted men were wounded, and three missing. 
In this camp our men remained until the twenty-sixth, when 
" they broke camp, expecting to move to the left — instead 
of which," says the report, " camp was established a few rods 
from our late camp, and brigade drills ordered to deceive the 
enemy." Between October 27 and 29 a march was made 
towards Hatcher's Run, and back again to Pegram Farm. 

Here the regiment remained a month, when on the nine- 
teenth of November, it marched to the right, the Ninth 
Corps relieving the Second Corps, — the Thirty-sixth Regi- 
ment being ordered into Fort Rice, which it garrisoned, per- 
forming picket duty also on its front in the rifle-pits. The 
year closed while the regiment was in Fort Rice. 

The number of officers killed during the year, was four ; 
the number wounded, six. The number of enlisted men 
killed, was fifty-one ; the number wounded, two hundred ; 
missing, sixteen. Total loss, two hundred and seventy-seven. 
The number of deaths from sickness cannot be given, be- 
cause the severity of the campaign prevented the quarterly 
returns of deceased soldiers. 

This last fact is eloquent in praise of the regiment for its 



2/6 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

activity, hardiliood, and good fighting qualities. It had no 
resting, but was in active duty fi"om the opening to the close 
of the year. It was engaged in the hottest part of some of 
the severest battles of the war, and always came off the field 
with honor. 

Section VI. — The Fifty-seventh Regiment. 

The organization of the Fifty-seventh Regiment was 
begun, as already stated in Chapter XI, in the autumn of 
1863. It was completed in the spring of 1864, and left the 
State in April for Annapolis. At the time of leaving, Com- 
pany H was unarmed, and had no officers except one second 
lieutenant. It was intended that this company should be 
armed with the " Spencer Repeating Rifle," but owing to 
some difficulty in obtaining the weapon in question, it became 
necessary upon arriving at Annapolis, to equip it with Enfield 
rifled muskets. And the obtaining of these was delayed until 
the twentieth of July. 

It may be well to state that quite a proportion of this regi- 
ment was raised in Worcester city and county. Thirty-four 
of its commissioned officers, during the first year of its ser- 
vice, belonged to the county, twenty-two of whom hailed from 
this city. 

The regiment, as we have seen, arrived at the capital of 
Maryland on the twentieth of April. It had scarcely estab- 
lished its camp, when it was ordered to proceed to Washing- 
ton, with the entire Ninth Army Corps to which it had been 
assigned. The regiment was headed for the Wilderness, 
whither General Grant was sending a mighty host to encoun- 
ter and conquer Lee and his rebel hordes. The national 
capital was reached on the twenty-fifth, and in passing 
through the city, the President and General Burnside re- 
viewed the corps. Passing near Alexandria, by Fairfax 
Court House, and Centreville, and crossing Bull-Run Creek 
at Blackburn's Ford, and so on by Manassas Junction, Bris- 
tow Station, Warrenton Junction and Bealton Station, it 
reached the Rappahannock on the third of May. The next 



FOURTH YEAR. — THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 2/7 

day it moved towards the Rapidan via Brandy Station, cross- 
ing the river at Germania Ford, on the fifth of May. 

The next day the regiment went into the battle of the 
Wilderness with " twenty-four officers and five hundred and 
twenty-one enlisted men, becoming engaged at about ten 
o'clock, A.M. and continuing in action nearly an hour." Com- 
pany H did not participate in the action, being engaged in 
guarding a wagon-train. This was indeed a " baptism of 
blood," and if the men were not " veterans " when they en- 
listed, they soon became worthy of that honorable appellation. 
During the action, the Fifty-seventh lost in killed, wounded 
and missing, officers and men, two hundred and fifty-one. 
Colonel Bartlett, who already bore the marks of a wound in 
his person, received a scalp-wound which required his removal 
from the field, when Lieutenant-Colonel Chandler assumed 
the command. 

On the twelfth of May " an advance of our forces brought 
on the action of Spottsylvania, during which the regiment 
sustained a loss of seventy-two, killed and wounded, inclusive 
of officers. The field was held and earthworks thrown up. 
Much loss was occasioned at this point by the enemy's 
sharpshooters." 

Six days later, the regiment was again under fire, and suf- 
fered severely. Says the report : 

" The Fifty-seventh and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, supported by the 
Fourth and Tenth Regular Infantry, being ordered to reconnoiter the 
position of the enemy, found them strongly posted, with heavily con- 
structed earthworks, defended by an abatis of fallen timber, up to which 
the regiment moved, (within thirty yards of the works,) there remaining 
exposed to a withering fire of musketry and artillery until orders were 
received to withdraw, which was done in excellent order. The action was 
brief, but of the few there constituting the Fifty-seventh, seventeen were 
left on the field." 

On the nineteenth marching was resumed in the direction 
of Oxford Ford, on the North Anna, which point was reached 
by moving night and day, on the twenty-fourth. Though the 
march had been exhausting, the regiment was ordered to cross 



278 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the river at noon, and advance for the purpose of learning the 
position and strength of the enemy. The movement did not 
succeed. After advancing a half mile beyond the main line, 
without support either right or left, the brigade was attacked 
by the enemy on both flanks. A concealed battery in front, 
at the same time, opened a heavy fire. The regiment, as a 
part of the brigade, retired in some disorder, leaving Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel Chandler and thirty-six enlisted men in the hands 
of the enemy. 

The regiment under command of Captain Julius M. Tucker, 
recrossed the river on the twenty-sixth, and after a " continu- 
ous and fatiguing " march, crossed the Pamunkey on the route 
towards Coal Harbor, a point near which was reached on the 
first of June. Though several times under fire, our regiment 
was not in the thick of the fight at Bethesda Church. The 
loss was one officer and eight enlisted men. 

The movement was next made across the Chickahominy, 
and on the night of the fifteenth, across the James River. 
The march was " excessively fatiguing, the troops moving 
night and day, halting hardly sufficient to take refreshments." 

On the fifteenth Captain Tucker became Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel. The next day the suburbs of Petersburg were in sight, 
and there was some heavy fighting, though the Fifty-seventh 
was not severely involved. On the seventeenth the regiment 
occupied a line of the enemy's, taken the previous day by the 
Second Division of the Ninth Corps. In the afternoon the 
Third Division of the Ninth Army Corps attacked a portion 
of the enemy's works, but was quickly repulsed. At sunset, 
the First Division, with which the Fifty-seventh was con- 
nected, was ordered to storm the same works. They ad- 
vanced in good order, though met with a heavy fire from 
cannon and rifles. The works were carried at the point of 
the bayonet, but with heavy losses, amounting to five officers 
and forty-one enlisted men. Lieutenant-Colonel Tucker was 
in the number of the wounded. From this date to the 
thirtieth, the regiment, under command of Captain, (now 
major) Albert Prescott, did duty in the trenches before Peters- 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 279 

buro-, during which time the losses were six officers and 
twenty-three enlisted men. 

The thirtieth of July, the " crater," or " mine," or " hell " of 
Petersburg, and some devoted regiments of Massachusetts, 
have met the reader before. The Fifty-seventh bears the 
.terrible memory of that black day. The regiment having been 
relieved from the trenches by colored troops of the Eight- 
eenth Corps, took part in the action of the crater. The mine 
was sprung, and the regiment charged, immediately, passing 
through the ruins of the fortification into a covered way con- 
nected with the fort, and parallel with the front line of the 
enemy's works. The narrative goes on in the words of the 
report : — 

" Arriving at tliis point, and receiving a severe front and right and left 
enfilading fire of musketry and artillery, and being much disordered by 
the uneven nature of the ground, the line halted, and erected a slight work 
on the side of the way facing the enemy. 

Being ordered to maintain this position, the troops remained firm, and 
successfully resisted every attempt of the enemy to dislodge them, until 
the charge and repulse of the Fourth Division, (colored) Ninth Army 
Corps. This division fell back in the greatest confusion, the troops seek- 
ing shelter in the covered way, already densely filled by regiments of the 
Fi'rst and Second Divisions of the Ninth Army Corps. The repulse of 
the Fourth Division was immediately followed by a charge from the 
enemy, who advanced his line to the brink of the covered way, delivering 
a heavy fire, which added to the confusion of the troops, then so crowded 
as to be unable to make use of their fire-arms. At this period of the 
action, the national standard of the Fifty-seventh was captured, its guard, 
and the greater portion of the left wing of the regiment going with it. 
All attempt to rally the troops proved fruitless ; the men falling back 
as rapidly as the crowded condition of the passage would permit." 

So ended the part of the Fifty-seventh regiment in this 
promising, but mismanaged and fatal affair. At the beginning 
of the action the regiment numbered seven officers and ninety- 
one enlisted men. Major Prescott and Captains Dresser and 
Howe were killed ; Lieutenants Barton and Anderson were 
wounded, and Lieutenant Reed was missing. The casualties 
among the enlisted men were forty-five. First-Lieutenant 
Albert Doty was left in the command of the regiment, which 
consisted of forty-six men. 



280 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The next day the remnant of the regiment resumed duty in 
the trenches, where it remained until August i8, losing in the 
meantime five men either killed or wounded. At the latter 
date, under the lead of Lieutenant Doty, the regiment took 
part in the operations against the Weldon Railroad. He was 
followed into the action by forty-five men, and after an hour of 
hot fighting, left the field with fifteen less. The regiment was 
reduced to thirty men and one officer. 

The next service was constructing a strong line of works 
near Blick's Station, where the regiment remained, doing 
picket duty, until September 29. Lieutenant-Colonel Tucker 
had sufficiently recovered from his wounds to rejoin the regi- 
ment. He retained the command. Colonel McLaughlin 
having been mustered into the regular service, and received 
the command of the brigade. 

The regiment now numbering about sixty men, moved on 
the twenty-ninth, with its division, and took part, next day, in 
the action of Poplar Grove Church, with a loss of eight men. 
At this point earthworks were constructed, crossing the 
battle-field. The Fifty-seventh occupied a position near the 
Pegram House. 

A reconnoissance in force was made by the division on the 
eighth of October, in which the Fifty-seventh bore a part, 
under Major Doherty. In advancing, the left flank was 
exposed, and the enemy threw a strong force against the 
uncovered flank. This made a change of front necessary, and 
despite the rapid and destructive fire of the advancing rebels, 
the movement was made in an orderly manner. 

'• A new position was taken up some two hundred yards in rear of the 
old one, one wing of the regiment occupying a farm-house and its out- 
buildings, and the other resting in the edge of the timber. This position 
was maintained until night, when orders were received to return to camp. 
Casualties, fourteen enhsted men." 

On the twenty-sixth, the regiment was engaged in the 
movement to get control of the South-side Railroad, being 
employed as skirmishers, with the loss of one man. Two 
days after, they returned to camp, near Pegram House, where 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 28 1 

they remained until the last clay of November. General 
Meade followed up his design of cutting off Lee's connection 
with the South by the Weldon and the South-side Railways, 
and on the ninth of December, the Fifty-seventh was assigned 
to a provisional brigade, which marched on the eleventh in the 
movement against the Weldon Road. The command reached 
Hawkins ville, — about twenty miles, — on the twelfth, at four 
o'clock in the morning, having been exposed during the whole 
march, to a severe storm of snow, sleet and rain. At two 
o'clock, P.M., the same day, the return march was made. 
Many men suffered much from freezing, — from marching 
eighteen miles without a single halt, at one stretch. On the 
thirteenth of December, the regiment, sadly depleted, but with 
indomitable pluck and untarnished honor, was joined again to 
its brigade in the trenches before Petersburg, where it re- 
mained to the close of the year. 

Section VII. — Miscellaneous. 

The military history of the year would be incomplete with- 
out a notice of the fortunes of those remnants of the Fifteenth, 
the Twenty-first and the Twenty-fifth Regiments, which 
remained in the service after the original members who did 
not re-enlist, were mustered out. 

The Fifteenth Regiment, that is, those who re-enlisted 
with the new recruits, numbered about two hundred. These 
were formed into three companies and transferred to the 
Twentieth Regiment, which, after its term of service had 
expired, was formed into seven companies, by special per- 
mission of General Hooker. The whole ten companies 
prolonged the name and history of the Twentieth Regiment. 
The notice of its exploits for the remainder of the year must 
be brief 

On the afternoon of July 26, 1864, the regiment broke 
camp, marched to the James, and crossed to Deep Bottom, 
where it stayed until the thirtieth. The losses were one 
officer, (Lieutenant Sedgwick,) and thirty-two enlisted men, 
captured by the enemy on the picket-line. On the twelfth of 



282 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

August, the Twentieth was in the second affair at Deep 
Bottom, In this action the regiment charged, but without 
much success, and lost, in killed, wounded and missing, about 
thirty-three men. Captain Dudley was slightly wounded. 
On the sixteenth, Major Patten was wounded and lost a leg 
on the picket line, from the effects of which he shortly after 
died. Various, but not specially important services were 
constantly rendered, until the twenty-third, when the regiment 
marched about ten miles to Ream's Station, on the Wei don 
Railroad. A severe fight occurred here, in which " the regi- 
ment, being surrounded, all, with the exception of about ten 
men, were either killed or taken prisoners." Probably not 
many Worcester men were left in the regiment. 

However, additions were made, and on the eleventh of 
September, Captain Magnitzky arrived and assumed com- 
mand, the regiment being about seventy strong, and consoli- 
dated into one company. In about a week, some twenty- 
five convalescents came in from various hospitals, and the 
whole were organized into three companies. From this date 
to the close of the year, the regiment was engaged in arduous 
service. They occupied many batteries in succession, made 
several marches, were in two or three combats, and lost in all, 
six men killed, twenty-four wounded, and seven missing. At 
the close of the year the regiment was settled down in front 
of Fort Emory, in log houses of their own building. 

The Twenty-first Regiment after the term of service 
had expired, became the Twenty-first Battalion, and on the 
nineteenth of August was severely engaged with the enemy 
near the Weldon Railroad, as already stated. On the thirtieth 
of September, the battalion was in the action at Poplar 
Spring Church, where Captain Sampson was killed. He had 
always served with honor as a brave and faithful ofificer. 
Soon after the battalion was incorporated into the Thirty-sixth 
regiment, and took part in its heroic service, but has no 
farther separate history. 

The Twenty-fifth Regiment, after the mustering out of 
its original and un-enlisted members, was consolidated into 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 283 

four companies, under the command of Captain James 
Tucker, (afterwards lieutenant-colonel,) and in the autumn of 
1864, had headquarters in camp near Fort Spinola, detach- 
ments doing guard and picket duty at Brice's Ferry, and on 
the line of railway to Morehead City. From the ninth to the 
thirteenth of December, the regiment participated in a demon- 
stration on Kinston. At this date there were upon the rolls 
of this independent regiment of four companies, ten officers 
and three hundred and sixty-seven men. Recruits had joined. 
About this time. Colonel Pickett, though suffering from the 
wound received at Coal Harbor, visited the regiment, hoping 
to take command. But being unable to bear the fatigue of 
active service, and not relishing an inactive life in the field, he 
returned home and was honorably discharged on the tenth of 
January, 1865. In this connection may be fitly given the con- 
cluding words of a general order by Major General Feck, 
dated at the head-quarters, army and district of North Caro- 
lina, December i, 1863, though relating to an earlier period in 
the service. " Colonel Josiah Pickett having been relieved in 
the command of the sub-district of the Pamlico, the com- 
manding general desires to make this expression of his 
acknowledgments to Colonel Pickett, for the vigilance, energy, 
and judgment with which the affairs of his command have 
been administered." 

Worcester Men in other Regiments. 
For obvious reasons it would be out of place to include in 
this work, the history of every regiment raised in the state, in 
which one or more men from Worcester might happen to be 
members. Generally it will be enough to mention the 
numerical designation of such regiments, and the number of 
men belonging to this city who were members. The number 
as correctly as can be ascertained, from public documents, was 
as follows. The long-term regiments are arranged first in 
order ; then follow those whose term was one year ; one 
hundred days, nine months, six months, and three months ; 
these are followed by the cavalry and artillery regiments. 



284 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The first regiment had two men from Worcester ; the 
second, eight ; the ninth, eight ; the tenth, two ; the eleventh, 
thirteen ; the twelfth, thirty-four ; the thirteenth, eleven ; the 
sixteenth, two ; the seventeenth, twenty-three ; the eighteenth 
seven ; the nineteenth, eighteen ; the twentieth, thirty-three ; 
the twenty-second, eleven ; the twenty-third, six ; the twenty- 
fourth, nineteen ; the twenty-sixth, two ; the twenty-seventh, 
two ; the twenty-ninth, thirteen ; the thirtieth, six ; the thirty- 
first, eight ; the thirty-second, fifteen ; the thirty-seventh, 
two ; the thirty-eighth, one ; the fifty -fourth, seven ; the fifty- 
fifth, four ; the fifty-sixth, twenty-one ; the fifty-eighth, one ; 
the fifty-ninth, one. 

The sixty-first, one year, had fifty-seven ; the sixty-second, 
one year, thirty-five. 

There were two in the Second Sharpshooters. 

The forty-second regiment, one hundred days, had seventy- 
two ; the fifty-third, nine months, one ; the sixtieth, sixteen ; 
the ninth unattached company, one year, seven; company B 
seventh infantry, six months, one. 

The first cavalry, fourteen ; second do., fifty-six ; third, 
three ; fourth, twenty-four ; fifth, twenty-five. 

The first regiment heavy artillery, three years, six ; third, 
do., six ; fourth, one year, one ; twenty-ninth unattached 
company, one year, two ; first battalion, heavy artillery, three 
years ; sixty-five. 

The fifth battery light artillery, one ; seventh, nine ; ninth, 
one ; tenth, four ; twelfth, one ; thirteenth, one ; fifteenth, four. 

The names of these men, thus scattered through almost all 
the regiments that went from the state, will be found in the 
roll of Massachusetts soldiers, at the end of this volume ; their 
military history must be found in other works. But a brief 
record of the services of the 

Twenty-eighth Regiment 
must be inserted here because more than thirty men, including 
several officers, were the representatives of Worcester in its 
ranks. They were in as many as five different companies. 



FOURTH YEAR. THE WILDERNESS. THE MINE. 285 

Peter E. Hubon was surgeon of the regiment ; James 
O'Keefe was a captain, and Nicholas J. Barrett was second 
lieutenant. The latter was killed at Sharpsburg. 

The regiment was composed chiefly of men of Irish birth, 
under the command of Colonel William Monteith, and left the 
state January ii, 1862. It was employed in the service, in 
South Carolina during several months, and was engaged at Fort 
Johnson, James Island, S. C, where they lost fourteen killed, 
fifty-two wounded, and four prisoners ; and later in 1862, at 
the second battle of Bull Run, where eighteen were killed, 
one hundred and nine wounded, and eight missing. At the 
battle of Chantilly, fifteen were killed, seventy-nine wounded, 
and five were missing. At Antietam the regiment did good 
service and lost twelve men killed, and thirty-six woimded, out 
of less than two hundred men taken into the action. At 
Fredericksburg, on the thirteenth of December, on St. Mary's 
Heights, the losses of the Twenty-eighth were in killed, 
wounded and missing, one hundred and ten, besides three 
deaths subsequently, caused by hardship and exposure in the 
engagement. Few regiments made a more enviable record 
in the year 1862. 

In 1863, the services of the regiment were not less arduous 
or creditable. Besides long marches and severe picket and 
guard duties, the Twenty-eighth was in the battle of Chan- 
cellorsville, where ten men were killed or wounded ; and in 
the battle of Gettysburg, on the second and third of July, when 
the losses of the regiment in killed, wounded and missing 
amounted to one hundred and one men. The remainder of 
the year was consumed in those hard marches and vigilant 
watchings, and tedious picket-duties, which the army of the 
Potomac endured so heroically under General Meade, while 
pursuing or repulsing General Lee. 

In 1864 the regiment fought almost continually from the 
Wilderness to Coal Harbor, and from Coal Harbor to Peters- 
burg, and left its dead on many fields. At Coal Harbor the 
Twenty-eighth " made a charge on the enemy's Avorks, and 
were exposed to a tremenduous fire of musketry and artillery 



286 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and suifered severely. Ten were killed, including Colonel 
Richard Byrnes, and forty-six were wounded. Fighting, and 
other duties more exhausting than battles, filled up the year, 
till the thirteenth of December, when the term of the regi- 
ment expired. The losses during this year — 1864 — were 
killed in action, 68 ; wounded, 266 ; missing, 71 ; total, 405. 
The total losses from the begininng were 1,1 16. 

The members whose term of service had not expired, were 
consolidated into a battalion of five companies, and designated 
the Twenty-eighth Battalion Massachusetts Volunteers, under 
Major James Fleming. Dr. Hubon remained with high re- 
putation as a faithful and skillful surgeon. The battalion 
served faithfully till the close of the war. 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 287 



CHAPTER XIII. 

THE WAR AT HOME AND IN THE FIELD, FROM JANUARY, 
EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE, TO THE CLOSE OF 
THE WAR. — FINAL RETURN OF THE TROOPS. 

The year eighteen hundred and sixty-four had witnessed 
almost uninterrupted successes wherever our land or sea 
forces had met the enemy. Farragut bore complete sway in 
the waters of the gulf. Winslow, in the Kearsarge, had sent 
the boasted Alabama to the bottom of the British Channel. 
Sherman was sweeping all before him in his famous " March 
to the Sea." Thomas had annihilated the army of Hood at 
Nashville. Grant was lying near Petersburg, after one of the 
most arduous and honorable campaigns in history, gathering 
up his strength to deliver the final blow, which would soon 
overwhelm the rebel confederacy. 

The hopes of the people were high, and they were ready to 
make all needed sacrifices in support of the government. In 
Worcester there was, with all the mourning for the dead, 
great satisfaction because events had taken such a turn that 
slavery was surely to be abolished throughout all the states. 

The new administration of the city government was inau- 
gurated on the second day of January, and the Mayor, Hon. 
Phinehas Ball delivered his inaugural address. In this docu- 
ment, he stated that Worcester had furnished over two thou- 
sand one hundred men since the beginning of the war. The 
war expenses of the year had been $47,000 for bounties ; 
$51,000 for state aid to families, and $5,000 for contingent 
expenses. The war debt amounted to about $159,000. The 
address contained the following remarks in relation to the war, 
the heroism of the soldiery, and the prospect of peace. 



288 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

" There comes to us now a gleam of hope, brighter than ever before, 
that at no distant day, the war will be settled in the interests of freedom, 
humanity and right. To carry forward this great contest, the city has 
freely and promptly furnished her full share of men and means. In the 
trying campaign of the last year, our men have borne their share of the 
trial, hardship, and exposure. They have yielded every comfort of life, 
and even life itself, freely with others of their fellow-soldiers, that the 
nation may have more life, and may live in peace. The names of our 
honored and lamented Greene, Parker, O'Neil, Gird. McConville, Bow- 
man, Cheney, Coe, are only the partial record of our loss for our nation's 
welfare. All honor to their noble daring and heroic deeds, peace to their 
ashes, and reverence to their memories. Sacred be the mementoes with 
which we enshrine and hallow the last resting-place of these our honored 
dead. 

When we turn from the more conspicuous names, we find that the cas- 
ualties in the ranks afford ample testimony of the constancy, heroism, and 
courage of our citizen soldiery. To these also should we bestow our 
meed of praise, and contribute to them our gratitude and respect for what 
they have dared, done and achieved in our behalf. And those at home, 
the near and dear whom the patriot soldier has left in our midst, are not 
by us forgotten. We have but to mention that our city is now dispensing 
aid to six hundred and thirty-two families, and disbursing for that purpose 
about $6,000 per month." 

The annual meeting of the Freedom Club was held this day, 
at which the following officers were chosen. President, John 
McCombe ; Vice-President, Alexander C. Darling ; Secretary, 
Henry T. Cheever ; Assistant Secretary, A. P. Brown ; 
Treasurer, John F. Light ; Assistant Treasurer, O. P. 
Richardson ; Business Committee, David Manning, Charles 
H. Bullard, O. F. Harris. 

This association not only marked the progress of public 
opinion in reference to impartial freedom, but had considerable 
influence in giving a right direction to popular sentiment. 
While others might not see the real animus of the struggle 
between the loyal and disloyal sections of the country, the 
members of the Freedom Club never forgot that the contest 
was a life-and-death struggle between freedom and slavery. 

On the fourth day of January, the deficiency in the quota 
of Worcester, was reported to be thirty-eight ; but on the 
next day, it was reported that the city had a surplus of thirty- 
one one years' men. 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 289 

January 19, was the day of Mr. Everett's funeral in Boston. 
The patriotic course of Mr. Everett, in sustaining the govern- 
ment against the rebelhon, and his extraordinary efforts and 
influence in behalf of authority and freedom as against treason 
and slavery, secured for him, among the people of Worcester, 
the most profound regard and admiration. His decease was 
felt as a great public loss. The general sentiment was ex- 
pressed by the action of the city government. At a special 
meeting of the mayor and aldermen, the following resolutions, 
moved by Alderman Bliss, were passed unanimously. 

" Resolved, That the removal by death of that able statesman and pure 
patriot, Edward Everett, in this time of our nation's trial, when it most 
needs the services of its best and wisest men is a deeply afflictive dispen- 
sation of divine providence. 

Resolved, That while we regard with admiration the profound and 
varied scholarship, the graceful and brilliant oratory, and the enlightened 
political wisdom, that were an ornament and an honor to our country in 
times of peace, we would dwell with peculiar and grateful respect, upon 
the entire and unselfish devotion with which, in these later days of national 
peril, he has consecrated all his gifts and powers to the cause of freedom 
and the preservation of the Union." 

His Honor, the Mayor, and a delegation from the Board of 
Aldermen, attended the funeral of Mr. Everett. 

The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States, proposed by Congress, had now been ratified 
by the requisite number of states, and the proclamation of the 
President had certified the fact that it was a part of the fun- 
damental law of the land. By it the Emancipation Proclama- 
tion of President Lincoln, in the beginning of 1863, had been 
made effectual, and it abolished slavery on every foot of soil 
under the authority of the nation. The news of the adoption 
of this amendment was hailed with peculiar joy by the people 
of Worcester. In honor of this event, cannon were fired, and 
the bells of the city were rung on the second of February. It 
seemed that the great conflict was bearing fruit to the honor 
of God and the good of man's estate. 

On this day the quota of the city was one hundred and 
twenty-four, 

19 



290 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The twenty-second of February, the anniversary of the 
birth of Wasliington, was observed by a formal inauguration 
of Dale Hospital. A splendid flag was presented by the 
ladies, and was raised on a graceful flag-staff in front of the 
main building. Three young ladies, viz. : Misses Amelia T. 
Gray, Emma Shepard, and Emma L. Da)'ton, made the pres- 
entation in an appropriate letter. Addresses were made by 
the Hon. A. H. Bullock, Governor Andrew, and Warren 
Webster, Surgeon U. S. A. A collation closed the exercises 
of the occasion. 

The quota of Worcester was now filled, and there was a 
surplus of fifteen men. 

The fourth of March was observed here, while the services 
inaugurating Mr. Lincoln as the President of the United 
States were taking place in Washington. There was an 
immense meeting in Mechanics Hall, though a storm was 
raging, at three o'clock in the afternoon. Mayor Ball presided, 
and made an appropriate address. " Hail Columbia " was 
sung by members of different choirs. Prayer was offered by 
Rev. Dr. Hill. Then followed a speech by Rev, Mr. Richard- 
son. The " Star Spangled Banner " was given with much 
spirit. Addresses were next delivered by Hon. P. Emory 
Aldrich, Hon. Henry Chapin, and Rev, T. E, St. John. The 
audience then joined in singing "America." Three cheers- 
were most heartily given for President Lincoln, and three 
more for the soldiers. 

Nothing of importance relating to the war occurred in 
Worcester, after this time, until the news came, in the early 
part of April, of the fall of Richmond, followed in a few days 
by the surrender of Lee and his beaten army. Before giving 
the closing scenes of the war, it seems to be in place here, to 
complete the history of the several regiments that still repre- 
sented our city in the field, and were sharing in the triumphs 
of victory. 

The Fifteenth Regiment closed its record as a distinct 
organization, on the twenty-eighth of July, in the preceding 
year. Its members who had not completed their term of 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN, 29I 

service, were transferred to the Twentieth Regiment. The 
regiment took part in the following named engagements : — 
Ball's Bluff, Battles on the Peninsula, Antietam, Fredericks- 
burg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristow's Station, Robert- 
son's Tavern, The Wilderness, and in all the battles from the 
Rapidan to Petersburg, in which the Second Army Corps was 
engaged. 

The Twentieth Regiment was left at the close of 1864, in 
front of Petersburg. The fact that three companies in this 
body were composed of members from the Fifteenth, renders 
it quite proper to indicate a few prominent points in its 
remaining history. 

On the fifth of February the regiment took part in the 
second movement across Hatcher's Run, where Meade was 
maneuvering to outflank the enemy. The duty was arduous, 
but the losses were not large. One was killed, six were 
wounded, and five taken prisoners. Orders were received on 
the twenty-eighth of March, to be ready to march at a mo- 
ment's notice, and at seven a.m. the next day, the regiment 
started on the final campaign. From this date, though often 
in the front, the regiment suffered no casualties. It entered 
the enemy's works, on the second of April, when many 
pieces of artillery were captured. Pursuit was continued, the 
regiment marching to within three miles of Petersburg. 
During the next three or four days a running fight was kept 
up, the enemy being in haste to turn our left flank, and 
escape southwards. On the seventh, the Appomattox was 
crossed at the Danville Railroad Bridge, when many prisoners 
and nineteen pieces of artillery were taken. The pursuit was 
followed up the next day, when Lee, finding that he could 
not get around our left, and march off to form a junction 
with Johnston in North Carolina, surrendered on the ninth. 
The fighting was over, and the time for rejoicing had come. 
On the sixth of May, the regiment, in common with other 
forces, was reviewed in Richmond, by Generals Meade and 
Halleck ; and on the twenty-third, it passed in review 
through Washington, before President Lincoln. The regi- 



292 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ment reached Readville on the twentieth of July, having 
seventeen officers and three hundred and eighteen enhsted 
men, — its ranks having been greatly increased by the trans- 
fer of men from the Thirty-seventh. Finally on the twenty- 
eighth day of July, 1865, the regiment was paid, and mustered 
out of service, after having fought in twenty-seven battles, 
besides many skirmishes and combats. 

The remains of the Twenty-first Regiment were merged 
in the Thirty-sixth. The regiment, as appears from its his- 
tory, had taken part in the following engagements : — Roan- 
oke Island, Newbern, Camden, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, 
South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Blue Spring, 
Campbell Station, Siege of Knoxville, Wilderness, Spottsylva- 
nia. North Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, 
Poplar-Spring Church, Hatcher's Run. 

The Twenty-fifth Regiment, as originally constituted, 
completed its term of service on the twentieth of October, 
1864. It had been an active participant in the following 
battles : — Roanoke, (where, in connection with the Tenth 
Connecticut, it received special thanks from the commander 
of the expedition,) Newbern, Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro', 
Port Walthall, Arrowfield Church, Drury's Bluff, Coal Harbor. 
Other battles before Richmond, and Wier's Forks. 

The remainder of the regiment, composed of re-enlisted 
men, and recruits, whose term of service had not expired, 
were consolidated into a battalion of four companies, as 
already stated. During the last month of 1864, and the first 
two months of 1865, the battahon was engaged in picket 
duty near Newbern. On the tenth of March the rebels 
assailed our lines ; the battahon held an exposed position, 
and in gallantly repulsing the enemy, had one officer, (Cap- 
tain A. P. Forbes) and four men wounded. On the twenty- 
second of March, the battalion marched for Goldsboro' ; 
reached that place the next day ; and with its brigade, formed 
a junction with the triumphant army of General Sherman. 
There was some marching after this date, but the conflict 
in that section was substantially finished. The battalion 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 293 

was in the vicinity of Charlotte, North Carolina, from the 
twelfth of May to the thirteenth of July, when orders came 
from the War Department to proceed to Massachusetts. 
Readville was reached on the twenty-first, and a week later, 
the battalion was mustered out of the service of the United 
States. 

In the words of the adjutant general's report : — " Thus 
closed the record of the Twenty-fifth Regiment Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, a regiment that has always and everywhere, 
— [here several great battles are specified] and in many 
minor engagements and exhausting marches — sustained the 
high character with which it left the state, and has vindicated 
the honor of Massachusetts. Its colors have never been 
yielded to the enemy." 

The Thirty-fourth Regiment at the opening of the year 
1865, belonged to the Independent Division of the Twenty- 
fourth Army Corps, Army of the James. It was stationed at 
Camp Holly, not far from Aiken's Landing, north side of 
James River, and its tents were pitched on the extreme right 
of the line. Fatigue and picket duty occasionally occupied 
the regiment, and its excellent drill and condition, here as 
elsewhere, received much commendation. 

On the twenty-fifth of March, the regiment assisted in cov- 
ering the cavalry of General Sheridan, while crossing the 
Chickaliominy. It crossed to the south side of the James on 
the twenty-seventh, at five, p.m., and continued marching all 
night. The next day, early in the morning, it reached 
Hatcher's Run, having marched thirty miles from Deep 
Bottom, since the evening of the preceding day. On the 
thirtieth, it crossed the Run, and worked all night at in- 
trenching. On the next day the rebel skirmishers retired, 
and our troops advanced, though slowly. Breastworks were 
thrown up within two hundred yards of the rebel forts, the 
men working nearly through the night. In this affair, four- 
teen men were wounded, and one was killed. In addition, 
Lieutenant Judd, serving on the staff" of the major-general 
commanding, was severely wounded. 



294 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Early in the morning of April i, a sharp attack of the 
enemy on our lines, was handsomely repulsed. What oc- 
curred the next day will be given in the spirited language of 
the official report. 

" We moved about six miles along the lines towards Petersburg. Here 
a temporary halt was ordered. But ' attention ' was soon called, our 
ranks were dressed, and through the din of the opening battle, we marched 
to our work. Our brigade — the Third — and one brigade of the First 
Division, were ordered to assault ' Battery Gregg," an advanced rebel fort 
which commanded their line directly in front of Petersburg. At the order, 
the line advanced steadily under a terrific fire of musketry and artillery. 
When within about a hundred yards of the fort, an order was given for the 
men to lie down ; and, crawling upon their hands and knees, through the 
storm of grape and cannister hurled against our ranks, the advance con- 
tinued. At a signal, our men regained their feet, and with a rush, the ob- 
structions were passed, and the ditch gained. The water was waist-deep, 
and for a moment we were apparently foiled. The stars and stripes were 
planted almost by the side of the ' rebel rag.' The fort was held with all 
the energy of desparing men, and the rebel shouts of ' never surrender ! 
never surrender ! ' were distinctly heard above the roar of conflict. For 
twenty-seven minutes our men hung upon the works. To advance seemed 
impossible ; retreat was equally so. One more rush, and with a deafening 
cheev the parapet was gained, and after a short hand-to-hand struggle, the 
fort and its garrison were captured. Not a man escaped. Captain 
Goodrich, with a few men, turned the captured guns upon the nearest fort, 
and returned them their own shells. Our loss was slight when the length 
of time and severity of the engagement are considered, being four killed, 
and thirty-six wounded. Arms were now stacked, entrenchments thrown 
up, and we held what we had gained." 

The next four days the regiment marched sixty-two miles 
in pursuit of the enemy, who was struggling to escape from 
the grip of General Grant. On the sixth, the regiment, with 
other troops, struck the retreating column of rebels, and en-, 
gaged in a sharp skirmish, with a loss of three men wounded. 
The pursuit was kept up on the seventh, ten miles to Farms- 
ville. On the eighth, while Grant and Lee were exchanging 
notes in reference to the surrender of the rebel forces, our 
regiment marched thirty-seven miles to near Appomattox 
Court House. This march frustrated the last attempt of Lee 
to escape. On the morning of the ninth, a rebel force under 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 295 

General Gordon, commenced an attack on our cavalry, sup- 
posing the infantry force was far off; but rapid marching had 
enabled them to reach the point of attack, and the rebels were 
surprised and disheartened. " Advancing in time, we checked 
their course and, pressing them sharply, compelled them to 
fall back upon their main line. At nine, a.m., received orders 
to ' cease firing,' and in the afternoon, the joyful intelligence 
that ' Lee had surrendered.' " 

From this time until the twenty-fourth, the regiment was 
engaged in marching, doing guard duty, destroying rebel 
stores at Lynchburg, and countermarching to Richmond* 
which city it entered on the twenty-fifth, under escort of 
General Devens' division of the Twenty-fourth Corps. Pass- 
ing through the late rebel capital, it went into camp on the 
north side of the desolated and humbled city. 

During the campaign thus brought to a close, the regiment 
sustained its high reputation for all soldierly qualities, and was 
often commended by the general commanding. 

Colonel Lincoln is careful to give due credit to the officers 
under his command. Being absent from the regiment for 
some months, on account of wounds and capture, his position 
was filled by the next in rank. In reference to this fact he 
writes as follows: — "I should be doing injustice to a most 
brave and meritorious officer, if I omitted to state that through 
this trying campaign, it was under the immediate command of 
Captain Frank T. Leach ; and well and most gallantly he led 
it. Lieutenant-Colonel Potter had ably commanded the brig- 
ade since the twenty-eight of January preceding, in the 
absence of his superior officers, who had been disabled by 
wounds from active service in the field." 

On the sixteenth of June, such original members of the 
regiment as were present with the command, were formally 
mustered out of service at Richmond. Those of the men 
whose term of service did not expire until after the first of 
October, were transferred to the Twenty-fourth Regiment, 
then provost-guard of the city of Richmond, Captain George 
B. Macomber, and Lieutenant Jerre Horton having been as- 
sisfned to their command. 



296 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Camp was broken by the returning soldiers at the early 
dawn of the seventeenth of June. Baltimore was reached, by 
steamer, on the next day at noon. At Philadelphia, the next 
morning, the Volunteer's Refreshment Saloon, which will long 
be remembered by tens of thousands of soldiers, with pleasure 
and gratitude, greeted the regiment with a " bountiful and 
truly welcome breakfast." At New York, the same evening, 
the military agent of that state generously distributed a " pro- 
fusion of strawberries," by which the men were much re- 
freshed. Says the. Report : — 

" Colonel Howe, our own faithful and able state agent was temporarily 
absent upon our reaching New York ; but on his return was indefatigable 
in ministering to our wants. Under his escort, in the fading beauty of 
the next day's sun, through streets gaily decorated with flags, and 
thronged with welcoming citizens, where the loud artillery mingled its 
roar v/ith the deafening cheers of the multitude, the Thirty-fourth Massa- 
chusetts greeted with an ovation gratifying beyond measure, commenced 
its last stage on its homeward route." 

The regiment reached Readville on the twenty-first, and on 
the sixth of July, the men received their pay, and were dis- 
charged. 

Some of the statistics of the regiment are as follows : 
Seven officers were killed or died of wounds ; one hundred 
and seven enlisted men were killed on the field. Three 
officers were wounded and prisoners. The wounded and 
prisoners of the men were eighty-five. Captured and missing ; 
officers, six ; enlisted men, one hundred and five. Wounded 
and in our own hands, — officers, twenty-one ; enlisted men, 
four hundred and twenty-two. One hundred and seventeen 
men were discharged for disability. 

The following brief paragraphs bring the history of this 
heroic regiment to a fitting close. Says Colonel Lincoln : — 

" I cannot close this narrative without making formal and official ac- 
knowledgment of the faithful services of the officers and men of the com- 
mand. To the medical staff, particularly to Surgeon R. R. Clarke, for 
his skill, fidelity, and untiring devotion throughout our whole service, the 
regiment is indebted for much of its efficiency. 

At the battle of Cedar Creek, when in the early dawn of the morning, 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 



297 



under cover of a dense fog, the rebel army had passed undiscovered 
around our left, and came thundering down on our flank and rear, the Thir- 
ty-fourth, alone, of all the Army of West Virginia, preserved its formation 
entire. In the language of a brother officer, from a sister state, but of a 
different arm, ' it was always first to advance, and last to retreat, maintain- 
ing its organization unbroken under all circumstances.' The service of 
the Thirty-fourth has now passed into history. 

As the last act remaining to be done, I return herewith to the hands of 
the executive, the white flag of the state which was entrusted to our keep- 
ing. I return it with the proud satisfaction that no act of ours has stained 
its purity. It is endeared to us by the memory of our common trials and 
privations, of our mutual services and dangers ; and is made sacred to our 
hearts by the blood of the gallant men who have breathed out their spirits 
beneath its folds." 

The Thirty-sixth Regiment, which, it will be recollected, 
had absorbed the remnant of the Twenty-first, remained at 
Fort Rice, near Petersburg, during the winter, and until 
April, doing picket duty, and watching the movements of the 
enemy. Colonel Thaddeus L. Barker was in command. Like 
most of the other Worcester troops, this regiment was " in at 
the death " of the rebellion. By singular good fortune, t^iey 
had the honor to aid in giving the coup de grace to the rebel 
confederacy. 

In the attack upon the enemy's works on the second of 
April, one hundred of the regiment were on the skirmish line, 
and five were in the pioneer corps, cutting away obstructions 
in front of the assailing column. The remainder were held in 
reserve. One man was killed, and four were wounded. The 
enemy, starting on the run for Danville, or Lynchburg, on the 
third, our troops were early in motion to intercept them, and 
prevent their escape to the south, where they had planned to 
unite with Johnston's army. Passing through Petersburg, our 
forces followed the army of Lee twenty miles. The next two 
days the pursuit was continued, our line extending from 
Petersburg westward, so that Lee could not break through ; 
with its head so rapidly advanced that Lee's forces could not 
flank it. The work of the next two or three days is well 
described in the Report. The regiment left camp at Black 
and Whites Station, thirty-five miles from Petersburg, about 



298 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

noon on the sixth, and marched ten miles to Nottoway Court 
House. 

" Here the regiment was detailed to guard a supply train to Army 
Head-quarters, which were supposed to be at or near Jutter's Station, fif- 
teen miles to our right on the Weldon and Richmond Railroad. We 
marched all night, and reached Jutter's Station about eight o'clock on the 
morning of the seventh, to find that Army Head-quarters had moved during 
the night to High Bridge, and were some fifteen miles in advance of us. 
After allowing a short time for the men to make coffee and the teams to be 
fed, we moved on, following near the Weldon Railroad towards Burkesville. 
Arriving within about five miles of the latter place, we again turned our 
course to the northwest, and proceeded across the country to Rice's Sta- 
tion on the South Side Railroad. This place we reached at eight o'clock 
on the morning of the eighth. The regiment had now been marching for 
two days and nights, without sleep, having halted for refreshments but 
twice since leaving Black and Whites Station, and then only long enough 
to make coffee." 

Such marching was more harrassing than a battle, and 
though not so immediately fatal to life, was often the cause 
of life-long weakness, or premature death. Ten miles more 
of marching took the regiment to Farmsville, where, on the 
ninth, it relieved the provost-guard. Lee had now surren- 
dered, and the regiment was put in charge of prisoners. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Barker having been appointed provost- 
marshal. This closes the history of a regiment which endured 
much hard service, and won many honors. On the list of the 
battles in which it was engaged are these names : — Freder- 
icksburg, Vicksburg, Jackson, Blue Springs, Campbell Sta- 
tion, Siege of Knoxville, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North 
Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Poplar Spring Church, and 
Hatcher's Run. The regiment was mustered out, at Alex- 
andria, Virginia, on the eighth of June, and was ordered to 
Readville, to receive pay and final discharge. On the twen- 
ty-first of June, the regiment was assembled at Readville, 
paid off, and finally dismissed. But the members are bound 
together by the chain of memory whose links will ever be 
bright. 

While at Readville, before being mustered out, the regi- 
ment was invited to come up to Worcester, and have a fitting 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 



299 



reception. This took place on the thirteenth of June. The 
regiment, Colonel T. L. Barker, commanding, arrived after 
noon, and were escorted to Mechanics Hall, by the State 
Guard, Captain Fitch, and by Captain Chamberlain's Com- 
pany of State Militia, with Goddard and Riedl's band. The 
City Government joined in the escort. Flags were flying in 
all directions. Tables were bountifully spread in the hall, 
where Mayor Ball welcomed the soldiers in a brief speech. 
The Divine blessing was invoked by the chaplain of the State 
Guard, Rev. M. Richardson. After dinner, Lieutenant-Col- 
nel Smith, in behalf of the regiment, returned thanks for the 
kind and appreciative reception. The pleasant services being 
over, the regiment returned to Readville, bearing grateful 
remembrances of the occasion. 

The Fifty-seventh Regiment left the state in April, 
1864, and fought its way from the Wilderness to Hatcher's 
Run, bearing a part in nearly every battle which occurred be- 
tween those two points. From the first of January, 1865, 
till the twenty-fifth of March, the regiment was in the lines 
before Petersburg, with the exception of a reconnoissance 
towards Weldon in February. During this expedition the 
weather was intensely cold, and much suffering was endured. 

On the twenty-fifth of March the Fifty-seventh was en- 
gaged in the memorable repulse of Gordon's Corps, which 
hastened the closing scenes of the war. At half-past three 
in the morning the enemy in strong force carried the works 
held by the Fourteenth New York Artillery, and flanked the 
line of our regiment, who fell back from their works, " skir- 
mishing as they went, and earning for themselves a proud 
record." Reaching a position which was tenable, they held 
fast until supported by some troops of the Pennsylvania Di- 
vision, when the regiment "led the advance in the charge, 
and again entered their camp and works in triumph, Ser- 
geant-Major Pinkham capturing, by singular poetic justice, 
the flag of the Fifty-seventh North Carolina. Colonel 
Tucker being called to the duty of division officer of the day, 
the regiment was led by Major Doherty, who fell fighting 



300 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

bravely. From this date to the surrender of Lee, the regi- 
ment was constantly marching, guarding or fighting. The 
war being over, the regiment was ordered to Washington, on 
special duty, as part of the Ninth Army Corps, in the latter 
part of April. It was placed on duty near Tenallytown, 
Maryland, where it remained until August, doing provost 
duty. The regiment was finally discharged at Readville on 
the ninth of August. The report closed with these words of 
personal eulogy : — 

" The officers and men of the regiment will long lament Major James 
Doherty, mortally wounded, March 5, while gallantly encouraging the 
regiment in their unequal contest. He was a thorough soldier, a man of 
vast experience in many lands and many occupations, a kind-hearted, 
rough-spoken, brave old soldier, whose memories were a source of pleas- 
ure to his friends, and of profit to the service, which learned his value only 
in time to mourn his loss and know how great it was." 

The Second Regiment of Heavy Artillery was made 
up in part, from Worcester city or county. As has been 
stated in another place. Colonel Sprague became connected 
with it as lieutenant-colonel, in February, 1864. There were 
six other officers in the regiment from this city, viz. : First- 
Lieutenants Stephen E. Greene, Benjamin D. Dwinnell, 
Henry W. Reed, and Robert B. Sinclair, and Second Lieuten- 
ants, George M. Rice, Jr., and Myron S. Sandford. The num- 
ber of privates was ninety-four, in a total of three thousand and 
forty-five. A brief recital of facts is all that will be required 
in reference to this regiment. 

Four companies, — A, B, C, and D, — left Boston for New- 
bern. North Corolina, in steamer Guide, on the fourth of 
September, 1863. Companies E and F left Readville on the 
sixth of November, proceeded by Providence for New York, 
and there took steamer for Newbeni. The other six com- 
panies left Camp Meigs, January 8, 1864, under orders to 
report to Major-General Butler, at Fortress Monroe. Each 
detachment reached its place of destination safely. The regi- 
ment was much separated during all its period of service. 
Indeed the whole body was never united in one place. 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 30I 

In March, 1864, the head-quarters of the regiment were at 
Norfolk, Virginia, where companies I, K, L, and M, were 
stationed, companies A and D were at Fort Macon, North 
CaroHna ; Co. B at Newport Barracks, North CaroHna ; Co. 
C at Morehead City ; Cos. E and F at Fort Totten, North 
Carolina ; Cos. G and H at Plymouth, North Carolina. At 
that time there were twelve hundred and eight men present 
for duty, and one hundred and seventy-six men on the sick 
Hst. Four had died of disease. In April, companies G and 
H, commanded respectively by Captains Ira B. Sampson and 
Joseph R. Fiske, including about twenty-five men from Wor- 
cester, were captured by the rebels in an engagement at 
Plymouth, North Carolina. They numbered about two hun- 
dred and seventy-five, officers and men. In the early part of 
1865, the " remnant of them rejoined the regiment — thirty- 
five in number ! — a commentary on the tender mercies of the 
Andersonville prison-keepers and their superiors." There 
were frequent transfers of companies from place to place, so 
that the history of the regiment could not be given except by 
giving the history of each company. This will not be at- 
tempted. It is enough to say that each detachment was 
engaged in important duty, and exposed to the usual hard- 
ships of the camp and field in a southern climate. 

Three hundred and seventy-five recruits joined the regi- 
ment in August, making the aggregate, exclusive of those 
captured in April, one thousand eight hundred and ninety- 
eight enlisted men. The aggregate in September was more 
than nineteen hundred, when the surplus men were trans- 
ferred to the Seventeenth Infantry. The whole number ever 
connected with the Second Artillery was three thousand and 
forty-five. 

At the opening of the year 1865, companies B, C, F, G, I 
and M, were stationed at Newbern, the head-quarters of the 
regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Sprague, 
and our attention will be confined to their fortunes. 

A letter from Colonel Sprague gives the details of a move- 
ment in the first half of March. At this time, with companies 



302 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

B, C, F, I and M, he marched from Newbern, on the third, and 
bivouacked for the night near Bachelor's Creek. This day 
and the next were " excessively stormy, and the roads were 
very bad so that the marching was excessively difficult, and 
the progress of the command much delayed by wagon trains 
in front of it." The next three days were occupied in 
cautious marching and vigilant picket duty. On the eighth, 
Colonel Sprague, taking with him Major Amory, and com- 
panies F and M, went up the Neuse Road, where they met 
the enemy, and "had quite a severe skirmish, losing three 
men killed and having one wounded." The rebels having 
attacked Colonel Claussen's front, Colonel Sprague was 
ordered to proceed, with his whole command, to the left of 
Colonel Broughton's brigade, for the purpose of filling a gap 
between the brigades of Broughton and Claussen. The report 
proceeds : 

" Filing into a field on the left of the British Road and of Colonel 
Broughton's command, the regiment lay in line, under fire of the 
enemy, supporting a section of Von Heusen's Battery, (until the 
section retired disabled, three horses being killed,) until dark, when 
I advanced my lines until my connection was perfect between Colo- 
nel Broughton's brigade on my right, and Colonel Claussen's upon my 
left, and threw up breastworks. A line of skirmishers was then thrown 
out to the edge of the woods, in front of the regiment to connect with 
those of the brigades upon my right and left. The night was stormy, and 
there was almost constant skirmishing. The next day all was quiet along 
the lines, with occasional firing from the skirmishers on both sides, and 
the weather was quite stormy. During the night the picket firing was 
very heavy indeed, and the officer in charge of the skirmish line reported 
to me that quite a force of the enemy, apparently a regiment, came down 
as far as the enemy's skirmish line, as if to make an assault upon the 
works, but retired. During the tenth, there was very heavy skirmishing 
along the whole line of works." 

The next morning the enemy's skirmishers had disappeared, 
and it was found that they had abandoned their works in the 
woods, in front of our line. 

The Second Artillery was occupied in important service 
during the remaining few weeks before the end of the war, 
but was not engaged in battle. 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 3O3 

After the cessation of hostilities, Colonel Sprague was 
detailed as Judge Advocate of the general court martial, 
which was convened at Newbern, April 27, for the purpose of 
disposing of a large number of cases which had accumulated 
during the preceding months. The court was in session till 
the first of June. 

The regiment was assembled in June, at Newbern, and sent 
to occupy forts at the mouth of Cape Fear River. In Sep- 
tember they returned, and on the twentieth, were mustered 
out of service at Galloupe's Island. 

The Fourth Regimemt of Heavy Artillery was re- 
cruited for one years' service, and was composed of twelve 
unattached companies, which were mustered into the service 
during the month of August, 1864, and consolidated into a 
regiment on the twelfth of the following November. It con- 
tained about two hundred and thirteen men from Worcester, 
most of whom belonged to companies D, E, and F. Captain 
J. Orlando Bemis, First Lieutenant Charles N. Hair, and 
Second Lieutenants Augustus Stone and Charles H. Hey- 
wood, were among the officers. 

This regiment has no recorded history. The adjutant- 
general's report which covers the year 1864, says that the 
places of its location could not be stated "without givino- 
information which might be of use to the enemy." The 
promise was made however that the next report should " con- 
tain a narrative of its entire term of honorable service." In 
the report for 1865, the promise is not fulfilled, and we only 
read that the regiment was on duty in the defences of Wash- 
ington during its entire term of service, which closed June 
17, 1865, and that the members were noted for their good 
drill and soldier-like conduct, during the entire period of their 
service." 

In the First Battalion of Heavy Artillery, whose 
term of service was three years, there were sixty-five men 
from this city. The larger part of them belonged to company 
F, the remainder being scattered among the other companies. 
Authority was given in the early part of the yeaj" 1862, to 



304 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

raise a company for garrison duty at Fort Warren, in Boston 
harbor. During the year 1863, nine additional companies 
were raised for coast defences. Then a battalion was formed, 
of which Captain Cabot was appointed Major. At first the 
battalion was composed of the First, Second, Fourth and 
Fifth unattached companies of heavy artillery ; but in the 
summer of 1864, two companies of one year men were added. 
Company F was enlisted for one year. The several com- 
panies were on duty in different ports, as Plymouth, Province- 
town, Gloucester, Marblehead, etc., as well as in Boston 
harbor. Company F was on duty at Fort Warren, and re- 
mained at that post until all the Confederate prisoners, with 
one exception, were released. It was mustered out of service, 
June 28, 1865. 

The Second Regiment of Cavalry had fifty-six repre- 
sentatives from Worcester, among whom was Second Lieuten- 
ant Edward W. Wellington. These men were found in each 
of the twelve companies of the regiment, besides some among 
the " unassigned recruits." Colonel Charles K. Lowell, Jr., 
of Boston, was in command. The regiment left the state in 
detachments, in the winter and spring of 1863, but on the 
sixth of August, the whole body reported to the colonel at 
Centreville, Virginia. It was often engaged in skirmishes, 
during the remainder of the year, but took part in no general 
engagement. 

In the early part of 1864, the regiment was engaged by 
detachments, in various service, and kept in active duty in 
parts of Virginia, west of Washington. Colonel Lowell took 
command of a brigade in April, and the regiment was left 
with Colonel Crowninshield. During the month, the regiment 
took part in three expeditions into the counties of Fanquier 
and Loudon. Shirmishes took place in which two non-com- 
missioned officers were killed, but on the other hand, thirty- 
five officers and men of Mosby's battalion were captured, and 
six others were killed or wounded. In the last of these 
expeditions, upwards of twenty-five thousand dollars' worth of 
cotton, wool, tobacco, leather, and blockade-run goods were 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 30$ 

seized, and an underground apartment of Mosby was dis- 
covered, in which were found his private effects, including 
personal and official papers. 

In May and June, portions of the regiment were employed 
in guarding wounded federal soldiers, and in capturing rebel 
guerrillas. 

On the sixth of July, a detachment of about one hundred 
men, under Major Forbes, was defeated by Mosby near 
Aldie, Virginia. About noon on the tenth, our men had 
orders to enter on an expedition in which they had their 
revenge for this mishap. Colonel Lowell was ordered by 
General Augur to send a regiment without delay to Tenally- 
town. He sent his own regiment, and at his own request, 
was directed to accompany it. The enemy appeared in sight, 
the next day, near Tenallytown, when skirmishing began, 
which was kept up all day, and until the next afternoon. The 
enemy was then charged, driven, and his position was taken. 
The rebels retired through Rockville, Maryland, but the next 
day, made a heavy counter-charge, overpowering the advance 
of our cavalry, and driving them back into Rockville. The 
regiment here rallied, made a stand, and handsomely repulsed 
four charges of the enemy. During these three days our 
regiment lost six men killed, and about a hundred wounded 
or prisoners. 

In the month of August, during twenty-one consecutive 
days, the regiment, or portions of it, were under fire, losing 
heavily in officers and men killed and wounded. The regi- 
ment was in five engagements, and its aggregate marches 
in July and August, amounted to eight hundred miles. 

Sheridan now had command in the valley of the Shen- 
andoah. The division was commanded by General Merrit, 
and the brigade by Colonel Lowell. On the nineteenth of 
September the regiment participated in all the charges upon 
the enemy in the battle of the Opequan. A sharp fight took 
place at Snake Mount, three days later, and afterwards the 
Second took a "prominent part in a charge in which the 
rebel cavalry were driven from Luray Court House, and 



306 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

many prisoners were captured." There was an engagement 
at Waynesboro', on the twenty-eighth of September, and on 
the eighth of October a hard fight took place near Round 
Top Mountain. The next day the " handsomest purely cav- 
alry fight and victory of the campaign took place." Lomax 
was driven over twenty miles, and the regiment — for its part 
of the work — captured in the engagement, four pieces of ar- 
tillery, two forges, five wagons, and a number of prisoners, 
losing none killed, and but two wounded. This was called 
the battle of Thorn's Brook, though the troops knew it better 
as "Woodstock Races." 

In the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, our regiment 
as p:.rt of the Reserve Brigade, "fought the rebel cavalry 
for an hour before Early made his principal attack on the 
left." During the day the regiment made four charges. 
Several officers were severely wounded ; ten men were killed, 
and seventeen wounded during the day. Colonel Lowell re- 
ceived a severe contusion from a rifle ball, about one o'clock, 
but would not leave the field. Just at the beginning of the 
grand final charge of the First Cavalry Division, he received 
a mortal wound, and died the next morning. He was univer- 
sally admired. A friend applied to him the following lines, 
the propriety of which none will question. 

" I do not think a braver gentleman, 
More active valiant, or more valiant young, 
More daring, or more bold, is now alive, 
To grace this latter age with noble deeds." 

In the short summer campaign thirteen horses were shot 
under him. Whenever a skirmish line wavered, or when 
men hesitated in charging an apparently superior force, he 
was upon the line encouraging by his presence, or leading the 
charge to victory. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Crowninshield now assumed command, 
and led the regiment through all its arduous service to the 
close of the year, when it was encamped about three miles 
from Winchester under Major McKendry. 

The Second Cavalry was active from the opening of the 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. ' 307 

year 1865, to the close of the war. A few particulars only 
of its stirring history can be given. Bearing in mind that 
Colonel Crowninshield now had charge of the brigade, and 
Major McKendry of the regiment, we proceed with the 
narrative. The general movement towards Richmond took 
place, February 27, in which the force marched through 
Staunton, Charlottesville, Scottsville, Newmarket, Columbia, 
Louisa, Taylorsville, and King William's Court House, to 
White House Landing, where it arrived on the eighteenth of 
March, " after doing incalculable injury to the enemy by 
tearing up and destroying the Virginia Central Railroad 
at different points, and also completely destroying the James 
River Canal, by burning locks and blowing up acqueducts, 
a distance of twenty miles. At Scottsville, several canal boats 
loaded with shot, shell and other articles of ordnance, were 
captured. Immense quantities of tobacco, flour, and bacon, 
were destroyed, together with a large number of mills and 
factories, which were making cloth for the use of the rebel 
army. The regiment, led by Colonel Crowninshield, on the 
fourteenth of March, made a gallant charge at the bridge 
over the South Anna River, upon the rebel fortifications, cap- 
turing three pieces of heavy field artillery, and turning them 
upon the fleeing enemy, thereby causing fearful havoc among 
them. At night the heavens were completely aglow with the 
reflection from the numerous burning bridges, mills, factories, 
and tobacco warehouses. 

On the twenty-fifth of March the regiment crossed the 
James River, at Deep Bottom, and joined the Army of the 
Potomac, under General Grant. From this time to the tenth 
of April, the regiment was on horseback almost continually, 
urged forward by the intense energy of Sheridan, and doing 
its part to baffle every effort made by General Lee to break 
through our lines, or turn our left flank, and escape to the 
South. The marching and fighting of these ten or twelve 
days would require a volume to do justice to the heroism of 
our troops. Every day had its trials and triumphs, and the 
soldiers fought as men who knew the end was nigh. The 
record of April 9, will be given in full. 



308 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

" Firing commenced along the whole line at break of day. The regi- 
ment was ordered on the skirmish line, and advanced steadily in the di- 
rection of Appomattox Court House. The Fifth and Twenty-fifth Army 
Corps having come up during the night, formed supporting lines in the 
rear of the cavalry. The rebels opened a heavy fire of artillery as the 
cavalry advanced, and making a determined stand, the advance was mo- 
mentarily checked, and as Colonel Crowninshield and Lieutenant H. G. 
Burlingham, acting adjutant of the regiment, were standing dismounted, a 
shell struck in the mud at their feet, but did not explode. Their escape 
was certainly a most providential one. The line again advanced, and 
em.erging from the woods on to an open plain, our strong re-enforcements 
of infantry were observed by the enemy, and all firing ceased. ... It was 
announced that Lee had surrendered his whole army, consisting of about 
twenty thousand men, and immense quantities of munitions of war ; and 
thus to the most intense gratification of the whole army, ended a struggle 
which for the ten days preceding, had been carried on under the most 
adverse circumstances. The perils which were undergone, the hardships 
endured, the gallantry of both officers and men so often displayed, are 
matters of history ; and that history will show that in all this none bore 
a more conspicuous part than Sheridan's Cavalry." 

The Second Cavalry was sent southward to co-operate with 
other troops in the movement against General Johnston ; but 
news of his surrender met them at Boston, Halifax County, 
VirginiaC, when the march was taken up towards Richmond. 
On the twenty-third of May, the regiment marched in the 
grand review at Washington, where its " war-worn battle-flag 
was received with great enthusiasm by the multitude who had 
assembled to do honor to the noble veterans of the nation's 
victorious army." 

The Fourth Regiment of Cavalry, commanded at first 
by Colonel Arnold A. Rand, and afterwards by Colonel 
Francis Washburn, of Lancaster, contained about twenty- 
four men from Worcester, one of whom, Warren A. Fuller, 
was first lieutenant. The regiment was broken into so many 
detachments that it is impossible to give a connected history 
of the whole body. Nor would the limited number of our 
soldiers, in this regiment, warrant giving extended space to 
the record. The majority of our men were in companies E 
and F, with which they did good service, but all their various 
locations, during 1864, need not be given. 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN, 



309 



When the Army of the James left its winter quarters, March 
28, 1865, Company F, with another company, remained at- 
tached to the Twenty-fourth Army Corps, and was active in 
the engagements of that corps while pursuing the rebel army 
in Virginia. Companies E and H remained with the Twenty- 
fifth Army Corps before Richmond, and were the first troops 
to enter the captured city, on the third of April, " The 
guidons of these companies were the first Union colors carried 
into Richmond, and raised by Union troops. They floated 
from the capitol building until a larger flag supplied their 
place." 

These companies, viz., I, L and M, remained attached to 
the headquarters Army of the James, under command of 
Colonel Washburn, and marched with them to Burkesville, 
where they arrived on the night of the fifth of April. In this 
detachment were a few men from Worcester and other towns 
in the vicinity. Their commander also had relatives and 
many friends here, and hither, after receiving his mortal 
wound, he came to die in the house of his brother, Mr. J. D. 
Washburn. These facts certainly justify the following brief 
account of the last important service done by any portion of 
the regiment. 

Early on the morning of the sixth. Colonel Washburn, with 
his detachment, consisting of thirteen ofificers and sixty-seven 
men, accompanied by two regiments of infantry, each about 
four hundred strong, were sent to destroy High Bridge, 
eighteen miles distant. This bridge was of great importance 
to the retreating rebel army. Before reaching the bridge, 
General Reed came up, with orders not to destroy the bridge. 
It was soon found that the enemy was on both sides of our 
forces, and in superior numbers. The only way of escape was 
to charge through the enemy's works, " Twice the cavalry, — 
under Colonel Washburn — charged, breaking through and 
dispersing one line of the enemy, reforming and charging a 
second, which was formed in a wood too dense to admit of 
free use of the sabre." It was in vain. Eight out of twelve 
officers were cut or shot down ; three killed, and five severely 



3IO WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

wounded. The little band was hemmed in and overpowered 
by two divisions of rebel cavalry. Colonel Washburn, making 
a third charge, while crossing sabres with a rebel officer whom 
he had nearly disarmed, was shot in the head by another, and 
after he had fallen, received a sabre-cut upon the skull. 
Taken prisoner, the enemy, though they affected to extol his 
bravery, did " nothing for his wounds, and robbed him of his 
horse, his sword, and his money." Overcome by fatigue, 
wounds and neglect, his system gave way, and he had only 
strength to reach Worcester, where he died the following 
night. But though he fell before the barbarous foe, his last 
action was not in vain. Indeed, it was the crowning act of 
his military service, and had most important results. " To 
the sharpness of that fight," says a rebel colonel, inspector- 
general on Lee's staff, to General Ord, " the cutting off of 
Lee's army at Appomattox Court House, was probably owing. 
So fierce were the charges of Colonel Washburn and his men, 
and so determined their fighting, that General Lee received 
the impression that they must be supported by a large part 
of the army, and that his retreat must be cut off." He there- 
fore halted his army, began to throw up breastworks, and send 
back trains of provisions, forage and clothing. By this means 
his march was delayed and his soldiers deprived of neces- 
saries, while General Sheridan was enabled to come up with 
Ewell's Division at Taylor's Creek, and General Ord had so 
closed upon Lee that a retreat directly south was no longer 
practicable. He was obliged to make the circuit by way of 
Appomattox Court House, and there compelled to surrender. 
This great service was fully appreciated by General Grant. 

The Fifth Regiment of Cavalry demands distinct 
notice, — though brief — because there were in its ranks, 
twenty-five men from Worcester, and also because this was 
the only regiment of colored cavalry organized in Massachu- 
setts. It was mustered into the service of the United States 
by companies, at dates ranging from January to May, 1864. 
It was formed into three battalions, the first of which left the 
state, May 5 ; the second, May 6 ; and the third. May 8. AH 



CLOSING CAMPAIGN. 



311 



proceeded to Washington, and reported to General Casey, 
whence they were ordered to Camp Casey, near Fort Albany, 
two miles from Long Bridge, on the Virginia side of the 
Potomac. 

On the thirteenth of May, orders were given to proceed to 
Alexandria, whence the regiment went by transports to Fort- 
ress Monroe, and reported to General Butler. The next move 
was to City Point. After various short expeditions, the main 
part of the regiment, under command of Colonel Russell, on 
the fifteenth of June, engaged the enemy's batteries at Bailor's 
Farm. In this action, the colonel was wounded in the ' left 
shoulder ; Major T. B. Adams was wounded severely in the 
chest ; Captain Clark was slightly wounded in the leg ; three 
men were killed, and sixteen were wounded. 

The regiment received orders, June 29, to proceed to Point 
Lookout, Maryland, where it remained till February, 1865, 
and was engaged in the grateful service of guarding rebel 
prisoners. By a just retributive providence, the subject race 
were placed as guards over those who had held them or their 
brethren in bondage. 

In March, 1865, the regiment was reported as "in the field, 
near Richmond ; " in April, " near Petersburg," in May, " near 
City Point," and in June, " Camp Lincoln, Virginia." P'rom 
the last date till its muster out of service, at Clarksville, Octo- 
ber 31, 1865, it was in Texas. While there it was for several 
months exposed to severe hardship. The men were chiefly 
employed in digging and other laborious work. At one time 
a great many of the men were on the sick list, caused by 
exposure and overwork. Its term of service having expired, 
the regiment was taken to New York by transports, and 
thence by steamboat and railroad to Boston. It was then 
sent to Galloupe's Island, where the men were paid and dis- 
charged in the latter part of November. The successive 
commanders were Colonels Henry S. Russell, Charles Francis 
Adams, Jr., and Samuel E. Chamberlain. Though not called 
into action on the battle-field, except on one occasion, the 
soldiers performed their duties well, and doubtless would have 



312 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

been gratified to meet the enemies of the country and the 
oppressors of their race in mortal strife. 

The annals of the regiments, and other organizations which 
contained any considerable number of soldiers from Worces- 
ter, have now been completed. The record is honorable to 
the city, and especially honorable to the men who took the 
field. The history may be read with satisfaction by the pres- 
ent and future generations, and with pride by the children of 
those by whose aid the Union was saved, and freedom made 
the birthright of all the countless millions who shall dwell in 
this land in after times. 



GENERAL DEVENS. 313 



CHAPTER XIV. 

GENERAL DEVENS. 

It has been stated already that Colonel Devens, of the Fif- 
teenth Regiment, was appointed brigadier-general in the 
spring of 1862, for gallantry and good conduct at the battle 
of Ball's Bluff. This promotion separated him from his regi- 
ment, which was not in the brigade under his command. 
His military career was therefore not intimately connected 
with that of the soldiers from Worcester, and its history must 
be given in a distinct chapter. 

As he was not a native of Worcester, the following bio- 
graphical facts may properly be stated in this place. He was 
born in Charlestown, April 4, 1820. He graduated at Har- 
vard College in the class of 1838. His legal studies were pur- 
sued at the Harvard Law School, and afterwards with Messrs. 
Hubbard & Watts, of Boston. From 1841 to 1849, he prac- 
ticed law in Franklin county, residing for a while at North- 
field, and then at Greenfield. He was a member of the State 
Senate in the years 1848 and 1849. From 1849 to 1853, he 
held the office of United States Marshal for the district of 
Massachusetts. In 1854 he resumed the practice of law, and 
took up his residence in Worcester. 

Before following him to the field again a brief allusion 
should be made to a transaction which reveals his character, 
and exhibits the principles which animated him in engaging 
in the war for the Union and for freedom. 

When Thomas Sims was claimed as a fugitive slave, and 
was remanded by the proper tribunal, to his master, Mr. 
Devens was the United States Marshal for this district, and 
in obedience to what he considered the exigences of his office, 



314 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

he took necessary measures to secure the rendition of the 
fugitive. For this act he was severely censured, by a portion 
of the public, as if he were the willing instrument of power in 
oppressing the weak. The facts which follow show the injus- 
tice of these censures. In 1855 he endeavoured, through the 
agency of Rev. L. A. Grimes of Boston, to obtain the freedom 
of Sims, offering to pay whatever sum was necessary to secure 
that result. The effort at that time was fruitless. Years 
passed by, when just before the breaking out of the rebellion, 
Mr. Devens learned that Mrs. Lydia Maria Child was making 
applications for money to purchase the freedom of Sims. He 
immediately addressed her a letter, requesting her to return 
all the sums which had been given, and leave him the privi- 
lege of furnishing the whole from his own purse. The note, 
which ought to be printed in golden letters, was as follows : 

" I have heard that you are trying to raise money to redeem Thomas 
Sims from slavery. If you have received any contributions, please 
return them to the donors, as I wish to contribute the entire sum my- 
self." 

In reply, she informed him that the price demanded for 
Sims was eigl;teen hundred dollars. His answer was that 
the sum demanded was subject to her order whenever she 
chose to call for it. 

Before the affair could be arranged, the war rendered nego- 
tiations with the master impossible. In the course of time, 
Sims found himself near enough to the lines of the Union 
Army to escape thither with his wife and child. They were 
thus practically, as they are now legally, free. After peace was 
declared, Sims came north, and General Devens then sent 
one hundred dollars to Mrs. Child, for his use while finding 
business to support his family. In a letter accompanying 
the gift, he expressed his conviction that the negroes ought 
to have the right of suffrage secured to them, as a result of 
the war, because that was essential to their safety. 

Returning to the war, it appears that when his commis- 
sion arrived. General Devens was immediately detailed to the 
command of a brigade in Couch's Division, Keys' (Fourth) 



GENERAL DEVENS. 315 

Army Corps. He took leave of his old regiment in the 
trenches before Yorktown, with the strongest expressions of 
mutual regret and esteem, on his own part and that of the 
regiment. Each felt that they were parting with comrades 
who had been tried in difficulty and danger, and not found 
wanting. General Devens assured the regiment that if he 
consulted feeling merely, he should prefer to remain with them 
than take any other command. Their mutual confidence and 
regard had been strengthened by being under fire in the 
same conflicts. This fact would be a bond of union if ever 
permitted to meet together in after life. 

The brigade of which General Devens now took command, 
contained the Second Rhode Island, the Thirty-sixth New 
York, and the Seventh and Tenth Massachusetts Regiments. 
He thus had in his command a large number of Massachu- 
setts troops, although General McClellan did not feel able 
to gratify his request that the Fifteenth might be in his 
brigade. 

The first action in which General Devens' Brigade was 
seriously engaged, was the battle of Williamsburgh, where 
its conduct was most creditable. It was the first brigade 
whose colors crossed the Chickahominy, and it took part in 
all the conflicts of the left wing of the army, up to the time 
of the battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, in which engagement the 
brigade held the important position where the road to Fair 
Oaks crossed the Williamsburg and Richmond Road, and 
known as " Seven Pines." Without entering into the particu- 
lars of this battle, it will be recollected that although the 
final result was a brilliant victory for our arms, the result of 
the first day's contest was so far unfavorable to us, that we 
were compelled to yield about a mile of ground. The 
Federal lines having been broken to the right of General 
Devens, his brigade was compelled to fall back to prevent be- 
ing outflanked by the enemy, who had so far passed to the 
rear of it before it commenced retreating, that it took forty or 
fifty rebel prisoners behind it on its short retreat to its new 
position. The horse of General Devens was shot under him. 



3l6 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and he was himself wounded by a musket-ball, which struck 
and slightly splintered the bone of the right leg below the 
knee, passing into the muscle. He did not however quit the 
field, notwithstanding the earnest request of Dr. O'Leary, the 
brigade surgeon, but continued in command until night 
brought a temporary cessation of hostilities. 

The report of this action in the Cincinnati Commercial, 
speaks of the " inspiring efforts " of General Devens when 
meeting a " vehement shock of the rebels." " His energetic 
gallantry " was recognized by Major-General Keys, the corps 
commander, in a letter added to his report of the engagement. 

The next day General Devens found himself utterly disabled 
on account of his wound. He was kept from active duty 
about five weeks, during which time he visited the North for 
the purpose of medical attendance. On consulting the late 
eminent Dr. J. Mason Warren, he advised against the attempt 
to extract the bullet. It still remains in its place, a perpetual 
memento of the battle. A day or two before his return to 
the army, General Devens addressed a war meeting held in 
Fanueil Hall, and presided over by Mayor Wightman. 

He resumed his command at Harrison's Landing about the 
tenth of July, whither the army had retreated, after the series 
of battles known as the "-Seven Days' Battles," in which his 
brigade had borne an active part. The history of any officer 
is of course that of his command. The brigade of General 
Devens, while at Harrison's Landing, participated in the re- 
connoissance in force under General Hooker, usually known as 
the second battle of Malvern Hill, and with the rest of the 
army, retreated down the Peninsula. Thence, with Couch's 
Division, of which it formed a part, it was transferred to 
Alexandria. It moved out to the contests fought under 
General Pope at Chantilly and Centreville. Retiring to 
Alexandria, it formed a portion of the left column under 
General Sumner, by which McClellan, who had now resumed 
the actual command, was aided in his operations to repel 
Lee's invasion of Maryland. After the battle of South 
Mountain and Crampton's Pass had enabled McClellan to 



GENERAL DEVENS. 317 

cross the Catoctin range of mountains, the division of Gen- 
eral Couch was dispatched, but too late, down the valley to 
the relief of Harper's Ferry. General Couch found it was in 
possession of the enemy, and the roar of artillery admonishing 
him that a general engagement was in progress at Antietam, 
he immediately turned to that point, which was reached at the 
close of the first day's fighting. At daybreak he was posted 
in the front line for the renewal of the engagement. It was 
not however resumed, except in a desultory manner, by the 
skirmishers of the army ; and on that night General Lee 
made good his retreat into Virginia. In riding out alone, to 
examine more carefully the position assigned to his brigade, 
which General Devens did without his staff', in order not to 
attract the fire of the enemy, his horse was shot under him. 

After the battle of Antietam, General Devens, with his 
brigade, took part in several of the minor combats of the 
army which occurred between that time and the battle of 
Fredericksburg, on the thirteenth of December. 

Meantime a movement was made at home to call him to a 
different service. On the eleventh of October a meeting was 
held in Fanueil Hall, called the " People's Convention." It 
was composed of delegates representing the main body of the 
democratic party in the state, and the conservative repub- 
licans. The call for the convention was very numerously 
signed by gentlemen living in different parts of the Common- 
wealth. The Hon. Linus Child, a well-known and highly 
respectable republican presided. By this body. General 
Devens was chosen as their candidate for governor. It is 
not necessary, at this late day, to question the designs of those 
who led in this movement. It is enough for our purpose to 
know the motives which governed General Devens in accept- 
ing the nomination. In regard to this there is no ground for 
doubt that he was anxious to see the people united on the 
best policy to suppress the rebellion at once. Schouler's 
" History of Massachusetts in the Civil War," has this re- 
mark : — 

" The Fanueil Hall Convention was a highly respectable body of men, 



3l8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and the nominations were very proper to be made. General Devens, 
who was put forward for governor, had rendered efficient service by his 
bravery and capacity in the field, and was well and favorably known 
throughout the Commonwealth ; but nothing could shake the confidence 
of the people in Governor Andrew, or cause a change in the State Ad- 
ministration. Governor Andrew was triumphantly re-elected." 

It may be added that the cordiality which existed between 
Governor Andrew and General Devens, was not affected in 
the slightest degree, by the political campaign. 

At the time of the battle of Fredericksburg, the division 
formerly commanded by General Couch, including General 
Devens' Brigade, had been assigned to the Sixth Army Corps> 
and General John Newton had been assigned as its com- 
mander. The left wing of the army, composed of the Sixth 
Corps, under General W. F. Smith, and the First Corps, 
under General Reynolds, and both under command of Major- 
General Franklin, were to cross the Rappahannock two miles 
below Fredericksburg. General Devens' Brigade was selected 
to lead the advance. To this brigade, the Thirty-seventh 
Massachusetts, Colonel Edwards, had been recently added. 
The crossing of the left wing was delayed in consequence of 
the resolute resistance to the right, at the town of Fredericks- 
burg, but just before sunset, the signal being given, the 
brigade rushed across the pontoon bridge, promptly cleared 
the negro huts of a plantation which the enemy were using as 
a line of defence, taking prisoners a considerable number of 
the rebels in their sudden assault, and establishing themselves 
firmly on the opposite side of the river. Howard's Division 
had done the same thing at the right, but as it was then too 
late in the day to attempt the passage of the main army, these 
two bodies of troops remained alone that night on the farther 
bank, resisting resolutely all attempts to dislodge them. The 
next day the main body of the army crossed, and the unfor- 
tunate battle of Fredericksburg followed. 

When the retreat was determined upon, General Devens 
requested that his brigade might be the last of the left wing 
to re-cross, as he had been the first to advance. In conse- 



GENERAL DEVENS. 319 

quence, the rear-guard was ordered to consist of his own and 
Torbert's brigades, both under his command. In a letter 
addressed to General Devens a short time afterwards, Major- 
General Newton says : — 

" At the battle of Fredericksburg you crossed on the pontoon bridges 
on the left, the first of the left Grand Division, and after undergoing the 
exposure incident to our occupation of the south bank of the Rappahan- 
nock, 3'ou volunteered out of your own regular turn to cover the with- 
drawal of our troops to the north bank, which delicate operation you per- 
formed to the full satisfaction of the superior officers of the left wing of 
the army. Every one present at that point, qualified, fully realized the 
danger and importance of the task you voluntarily assumed." 

In the same letter. General Newton says that General 
Devens " showed at every opportunity the qualities of an 
efficient and zealous officer." 

At the organization of the army for the spring campaign, 
1863, General Hooker being now the commander-in-chief — 
General Devens, — General Sedgwick strongly recommend- 
ing it, — was appointed to the command of a division in the 
Eleventh Army Corps, (General Howard's.) This appoint- 
ment was made just before the army was commencing its 
movement which terminated in the battle of Chancellorsville. 
After the concentration of the army, which had crossed the 
Rapidan and the Rappahannock, upon the other side, it can 
hardly be doubted that the mistake of General Hooker in 
awaiting, in a not very well chosen position, an enemy whom 
he should have resolutely attacked, was the cause of the 
disaster which followed. The Eleventh Corps, the smallest in 
the army, only about eleven thousand strong, formed the 
extreme right wing. General Devens commanded the First 
Division, General Schurz the Second Division, and General 
Von Steinwalzer the Third Division. During Saturday infor- 
mation was repeatedly sent to general head-quarters, that 
the enemy were meditating an attack on the right flank, and 
concentrating there in great force ; but for some unknown 
reason, it did not produce the effect desired, and about one 
hour before dusk, the right was attacked by General T. J. 



320 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Jackson, — "Stonewall," — with twenty-five thousand troops, 
according to the published reports of the rebels. From the 
disposition of the troops made under the supervision of the 
commander-in-chief, the corps was so posted that only one 
division could fight at once, and that but imperfectly. The 
result was that the Eleventh Corps was soon rolled up by the 
impetuous assault, and but for the coming on of night, the 
disaster to the army might have been more serious than it 
was. It was in this assault, that General Jackson, the most 
competent of the rebel generals, received his mortal wound. 

Much injustice was done to the Eleventh Corps at the time, 
but considering their disparity, and the fact that they were 
completely outflanked at the commencement of the attack, no 
more resolute resistance could have been expected. In the 
conclusion of his testimony on the battle of Chancellorsville, 
General Devens concludes as follows : — 

" As the conduct of this First Division of the Eleventh Corps has 
been made the subject of severe and as it seems to me unjust comment, 
I deem it proper to say that when Lieutenant-General Jackson, with 
twenty-five thousand men, had been enabled to place himself, without 
opposition, on our right flank, he had gained a tactical victory, which re- 
quired only that he should strike, to be a complete one over a corps so 
posted as was the Eleventh ; that it could hardly be expected that a divi- 
sion no larger than the First, unsupported as it must necessarily be by 
other divisions, could long withstand the assault of such a body, and that 
the fact that out of this division of less than four thousand men, six- 
teen hundred by name are included in the list of killed, wounded and 
missing, (nearly every regimental, brigade, and division commander being 
on the list.) shows that the utmost was done by it to prevent the disaster 
which threatened the army, until it could be placed in position to receive 
this assault. In this connection, to show that my own efforts were not 
unworthy of the trust confided to me, I deem it proper to add the follow- 
ing extract from a note addressed to me by Major-General Howard, a few 
days after. These are his words : ' I take pleasure in assuring your 
friends that your own conduct was noble and self-sacrificing in the ex- 
treme. More than an hour after the attack, I saw you still rallying men ; 
forming lines to resist the enemy's attack, though suffering from a severe 
and painful wound received early in the action. Be assured of my confi- 
dence and affectionate regards.' " 

Soon after the commencement of this action, General 



GENERAL DEVENS. 32 I 

Devens received a severe and painful wound in the foot, but 
resolutely kept the field in command, until the day was over. 
Although he remained on the field during the night, and the 
next day, in an ambulance, his wound obliged him to relinquish 
the active command. He was then removed to Washington, 
and though extremely anxious to come North, remained there 
for some time in consequence of the critical condition of his 
wound, which at one time, it was thought by Dr. Clymer, the 
attending physician, would require amputation of the foot. 
During his confinement there he was most kindly visited by 
the President — Mr. Lincoln — who was always anxious to 
express his regard for the wounded soldiers. 

As soon as it was deemed safe. General Devens was re- 
moved to the North, and when the draft was ordered, he was 
appointed to command the draft rendezvous in this state. 
This position he was reluctant to undertake, as he had hoped 
soon to rejoin the army in the field. But the draft riots, 
which seemed to indicate a violent disposition to oppose this 
absolutely necessary military measure, and the certainty that 
it must be some months before he could resume active service, 
reconciled him to the duty. He commanded the draft rendez- 
vous at Long Island and Galloupe's Island, and in these 
annoying and troublesome duties, had the satisfaction of 
receiving the cordial approval of the people and the authori- 
ties of the state. 

General Devens returned to the field in the spring of 1864, 
in the Eighteenth Army Corps, under General W. F. Smith, 
who had specially requested that he might be assigned to his 
command. He was engaged in the affairs at Port Walthall, 
Arrowfield Church, etc., fought by that portion of the army, 
then operating under Major-General Butler from the base of 
Bermuda Hundred. After the battle of Spottsylvania, Gen- 
eral Butler was directed to reinforce the Army of the Potomac 
by a detachment of at least three divisions. These consisted 
of Brook's and Martindale's Divisions of the Eighteenth 
Army Corps, and a provisional division of three brigades from 
the Tenth Corps, under General Devens, all being under 



322 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the command of Major-General W. F. Smith. In some re- 
marks made before the G. A. R. in Mechanics Hall, January 
27, 1869, upon the enlisted men of the army, General Devens 
thus alludes to the gallant men of this division : — 

" To the latter field, — Cold Harbor — the corps in which I served, 
with the division which I commanded, had been sent from the Army of 
the James. Packed in crowded transports as you have never seen hu- 
man beings packed unless you have been a soldier, down the James 
River, up the York and Pamunky, they had landed at the designated 
point, to strike across and join the Army of the Potomac ; then the weary 
night march, with only three hours' rest, towards morning, the weary day's 
march, under the raging sun, and through a cloud of dust which seemed 
perfectly stifling ; at fi^^e o'clock in the evening we were on the field of 
Cold Harbor, just as the conflict was commencing. Our line was formed 
in a few minutes, and faint and utterly exhausted as it seemed, the men 
threw themselves on the ground, in the hope on my part that they might 
have an half hour of rest. The hope was in vain. Almost instantly Gen- 
eral W. F. Smith, the corps commander, was at my side. 'You must 
carry the enemy's breastwork in front of you,' said he. I do not think I 
often hesitated when an order was given ; but I did on that occasion an- 
swer, ' But, general, the men ? ' ' I know,' said he, ' it is awful, but you 
can carry it to-night — you may not be able to do it in the morning.' No 
more was said. In five minutes we were in motion ; the true eye of 
our commander was right. He had set us nothing to do that we could 
not do, and in ten minutes the breastwork was won ; but three hundred 
brave men were among the killed and wounded, including each of the brig- 
ade commanders." 

Previous to the battle of Cold Harbor, General Devens had 
been extremely unwell, having indeed risen from his bed to 
engage in it ; but after the battle was over, — having lain on 
the ground several nights — he was prostrated by a fever 
which soon proved to be of a violent rheumatic type. He was 
confined several weeks at the Chesapeake Hospital, helpless, 
and utterly unable to move. As soon as he was partially 
recovered, and while still an inmate of the hospital for treat- 
ment, he was detailed for duty as chairman of a military com- 
mission established at Fortress Monroe, three miles from the 
hospital, for the trial of various persons charged with trading 
with the enemy, guerrillas, and others. At the conclusion of 
this duty, finding himself sufficiently recovered, he applied for 



GENERAL DEVENS. 323 

service at the front, when he was assigned as Commander of 
the First Division of the Eighteenth Army Corps, then under 
Major-General Ord. At a later period in the winter, the same 
division, by a re-organization of the corps in the Army of the 
James, became the Third Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, 
and General Devens served with it from the time of thus taking 
command, until after the capture of Richmond. Speaking of 
the surrender of the rebel capital. General Devens, in some 
remarks before the Society of the Army .of the James, (of 
which he was unanimously chosen president at its first meet- 
ing,) said : 

" The hour for which the wise and prudent general who commanded 
our armies, had long waited, and the time for the fatal blow, approached. 
In this too, die Army of the James, now under command of General Ord, 
was to take its part, and on the last day of March, Turner and Foster's 
Division of the Twenty-fourth, and Birney's Division of the Twenty-tifth 
Army Corps, moved, with General Gibbon of the Twenty-fourth, to join 
the Army of the Potomac in its last assault upon the army of General 
Lee ; while Kautz's Division of the Twenty-fifth, and Devens' Division of 
the Twenty-fourth, were left to hold the lines on the north side of the 
James, and, should the attack of the army on the south side prove success- 
ful, to seize Richmond. The results of that glorious conflict you know, 
and it was the good fortune of the troops on the north side, to be the first 
to occupy Richmond, reaping, indeed, what others had sown ; but it was 
much to lift upon those rebel towers the flag of our Union, and to be the 
first to bring again that symbol of liberty and law to the strong hold of 
rebellion. Even here there were hearts that throbbed, and eyes that were 
wet, as they gazed upon its starry folds." 

It should be added that the works of the enemy were first 
taken possession of by the troops of General Devens' Division ; 
and by a telegram from him to General Weitzel, the army and 
the country were first apprised that the rebel stronghold was 
in our hands, and that the war was virtually over. 

Soon after, the Hon. D. W. Gooch, then Chairman on behalf 
of the House of the Committee on the Conduct of the War, 
suggested to General Grant the propriety of promoting Gen- 
eral Devens. He immediately replied : " I have known Gen- 
eral Devens since my command of the Potomac Army. I 
know him to be a brave and meritorious officer, who has always 



324 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

done his duty faithfully, and sometimes remained on the field 
when his wounds would have justified his leaving. I will ask 
promotion for him the first time I go to the War Department." 
General Devens, in accordance with his distinguished com- 
mander's request, was at once commissioned Major-General 
by Brevet, for gallantry and good conduct at the capture of 
Richmond. 

He remained in command of his division until the Twenty- 
fourth Corps was mustered out of service, when he was 
appointed District Commander of the North-east District 
of Virginia, with headquarters at Fredericksburg. At the 
end of August, he was ordered by General Grant to South 
Carolina, where he was placed in command of the District of 
Charleston, which embraced the whole of the eastern portion 
of the state. During his stay in South Carolina, owing to 
the absence of the department commander, he was much of 
the time in command of the department. At this time there 
was no organization of courts, and the only law which existed 
was administered by the provost-marshal courts, under the 
orders of the commanding generals. In these delicate duties, 
the legal education of General Devens was of great value, and 
he was eminently successful in winning the respect of both 
classes of the population, even the rebels always conceding 
that his decisions were fair and just. At his departure, the 
South Carolina Leader, a paper owned by, and in the interest 
of the colored people, speaking of a new military arrangement, 
said : 

" It will bring some changes which we shall regret ; prominent among 
them will be the loss of the service and presence of Major-General 
Devens, and his gentlemanly staff, who, as they are about to be mustered 
out of service, will return to their professions in civil life. General 
Devens evidently possesses largely those rare qualities that make up the 
brave soldier and the successful military leader, whose genial nature and 
high sense of honor and justice, fit him eminently for the difficult position 
of Post Commander, in which he has been so successful and jjopular 
among all classes here. His superior legal attainments as well as military 
bearing and skill have been brought into requisition for the last six 
months, and have rendered him equal to any emergency. Massachusetts 



GENERAL DEVENS. 325 

will be proud to welcome home from the fields of army life, a man so 
richly laden with the well-earned honors of war as General Devens ; and 
that he may be as successful and prosperous in peace as honored in war, 
is the wish of many citizens." 

General Devens early satisfied himself that the safety of the 
colored people demanded that they should have the ballot, and 
that they could not be protected without it. 

In June, 1866, General Devens, in compliance with his own 
repeated request, was ordered to be mustered out of service 
in Washington, and, after a period of five years and three 
months, was restored to his position of a private citizen. At 
the instance of Hon. John D. Baldwin, all the members of the 
Senate and House from Massachusetts, signed a recommenda- 
tion that he should be retained in the re-organization of the 
regular army ; but while General Devens extremely valued 
this compliment from the representatives of his native state, 
the paper was not presented, as he was determined to return 
to his profession. He resumed, that summer, the practice of 
the law in Worcester, but was, in April, 1867, appointed by 
Governor Bullock, one of the Judges of the Superior Court, to 
fill the vacancy made by the resignation of the Hon, Thomas 
Russell, which position he now holds. 



326 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER XV. 

CLOSE OF THE WAR. — REJOICINGS. — FESTIVITIES ON THE 
FOURTH OF JULY. 

In the preceding chapters, the order of time has been some- 
what anticipated, for the sake of closing up the annals of the 
several regiments which were in service at the end of the 
rebellion. Our task of following the troops to the camp, the 
bivouac, the march, the battle-field, and the "imminent, 
deadly breach," is ended. Henceforth we are to rejoice in 
the victory, reverently twine a wreath for the dead, and gather 
up the good results of the struggle, which cost so much of 
treasure and of life, but which gave a new lease of life to free 
government. 

On the third day of April, 1865, the following despatches 
came over the wires, filling all hearts with wonder and, joy. 

" City Point, April 3, 8 : 30 a.m. 
This morning General Grant reports Petersburg evacuated, 
and he is confident that Richmond also is. He is pushing 
forward to cut off, if possible, the retreating army. 

A. Lincoln." 

" Washington, April 3, 10 a.m. 
It appears from a despatch of General Weitzel, just received 
by this department, that our forces under his command are in 
Richmond, having taken it at 8 : 1 5 this morning. 

E. M. Stanton." 

As soon as the news was received by telegraph, it flew over 
the city almost instantaneously, and all but the most stolid, 
were wild with delight. The rejoicing was not over a victory 
merely, but over the fall of the rebellion, for every one saw 



CLOSE OF THE WAR, 32/ 

that the war would sooii be ended. Ringing bells and roaring 
cannon spoke the joy and gratitude of the people, because of 
the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. Besides the lively 
demonstrations in the city, one hundred guns were fired in 
Quinsigamond Village. Flags and streamers were flying in 
every direction. The citizens greeted each other with the 
warmest congratulations, as they met in the streets, in places 
of business, and each other's houses. Two days later the 
Palladium spoke the general voice, in these words : — 

" We have this week the glorious news of the fall of the rebel capital, 
Richmond. It carries down with it the prestige of the Confederacy. . . . 
To Divine Providence it is due, most manifestly, that this great nation is 
coming out of this long and bitter agony with a success that will in time 
— but perhaps not just yet — insure the triumph of the DEMOCRATIC 
PRINCIPLE in government ; which, in a Republic, is the basis of all popular 
rights zndi freedojn fro7n all those great wrongs that have hitherto made 
us a NATION OF SECTIONS, instead of a combined and harjnonious whole 
as we hope hereafter to be. The struggle and the result demonstrate how 
feeble is man to control events. It is well that such should be the lesson 
the last four years have taught us." 

SECTION I. — Reception of the News. 
The telegrams which came from General Grant's army from 
day to day, only deepened the conviction that the time of 
Lee's surrender was near at hand. By Friday, the seventh of 
April, the progress and success of our forces, in pursuing, 
flanking and defeating the rebels, left no doubt of the final 
result. The excitement burst out into a "clamorous jubilee." 
In the afternoon of that day, the news of continued victories 
flew like wild-fire through the city. Hearty cheers were heard 
on all sides. Cannon were fired, and bells were rung right 
merrily. Every whistle in the shops and manufactories gave 
its loudest screech in accord with the more melodious tones 
of the bells, which rang for an hour, while one hundred guns 
intensified the expression of the people's joy The whole 
population poured into the streets, and the citizens rushed 
hither and thither with mutual congratulation. But little 
business was done that afternoon. In the evening there was 



328 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

a drizzling rain, but it did not in the least dampen the ardor 
of the people, who filled the streets, and went up and down, 
shouting the names of the leading generals, and cheering the 
Army of the Potomac. 

Quite a general illumination took place throughout the city. 
Without concert, spontaneously, as if moved by a common 
impulse, the lights began to flash from house to house, from 
store to shop and factory, and public building, till Main Street 
was ablaze. On Court House Hill, every burner in the two 
Court Houses and in Dr. Hill's church was lighted, and 
diffused a cheering radiance through all the neighborhood. 
The old Salisbury mansion was finely illuminated. From the 
Bay State House up to the Spy office, there was an almost 
continual display of lights and decorations. The Bay State 
House was a mass of light. Flagg's Block, from across the 
street, flashed back the joyous blaze. The stores of Jenkins, 
Hamilton & Co., Barnard, Sumner & Co., and Horace Sheldon, 
were tastefully decorated and lighted up ; the Lincoln House 
Block, the office of the Provost Marshal, the Telegraph and 
Insurance offices, the office of the Gas Company, Butman's 
Block, and many other buildings, were brilliant in their dis- 
plays. The Bay State Shoe Company in Austin Street, filled 
their immense building with jets, which shone down across 
Main and Southbridge Streets. Far to the south, fronting the 
valley of the Blackstone and Mill Brook, the College of the 
Holy Cross, on the hillside, sent out a steady blaze from every 
illuminated window. On the eastern hill-top the Dale Hos- 
pital " threw out the glare of more than ten thousand lights." 
From the lower story to the highest turret, it was filled with 
points of fire, and was visible for miles away. The soldiers 
there, though sick and wounded, made the finest display of 
the night. 

The residents in New Worcester and Ouinsigamond Vil- 
lage were not to be outdone in the expression of gladness. 
At each place one hundred guns were fired, and other demon- 
strations evinced the patriotic exultation. 

The ninth was Sunday, and there was grateful thanksgiving 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 



329 



in the private and public devotions of that day, while prayer 
was offered, at home and in the sanctuary, that peace might 
soon be restored. Nor did the people have long to wait for 
the cheering intelligence. Late in the evening, after most 
had retired for the night, the news was flashed along that 
General Lee had surrendered, with the entire army of Vir- 
ginia, who were prisoners in the hands of General Grant. 
The despatch, so long desired, was in these words : — 

Head-quarters Armies of the United States. 
4 : 30 P.M., April 9. 

Hon. E. M. Stanton, Secretary of War: — General 
Lee surrendered the army of Northern Virginia this after- 
noon, upon the terms proposed by myself 

U. S. Grant, Lieutenant-Geiieral. 

At once the news was diffused through the city as if by 
magic. " John Boyden's secesh bell," which was never rung 
except for a certain victory, roused the people from their 
beds. Though near midnight, the church bells were set 
a-ringing, and the " music of the bells, bells, bells," was con- 
tinued two or three hours. A hundred guns were fired on the 
Common. Large crowds collected in various places, who 
made the " welkin ring" with their shouts of joy. In an in- 
credible short space of time almost everybody seemed to be 
in the streets. Bonfires were kindled in different parts of the 
city, and many buildings were hastily illuminated. There 
were ten large bonfires in Main Street alone. Night seemed 
turned into day. The Fire Department turned out, formed a 
procession, and visited several prominent citizens, among 
whom were Colonel A. H. Bullock, Hon. Henry Chapin, Rev. 
Merrill Richardson, Rev. T. E. St. John, Provost Marshal 
Stone, and City Marshal Pratt. These gentlemen responded 
in the most earnest and exultant speeches, suited to the 
occasion and the hour. Not till daylight did the crowd begin 
to diminish in the streets, when the rejoicing citizens retired 
to snatch a few hours of sleep. 

The next day, was given up to rejoicing. It was emphat- 



330 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

ically a great day in Worcester. The excitement was kept up 
through the day and evening ; many shops and manufactories 
were not opened. In the afternoon there was a general sus- 
pension of all kinds of business. The schools were suspended 
for the day, and the children joined in the demonstrations of 
universal delight. One hundred guns were fired in the morn- 
ing, and also at noon, by the State Guard. At the Dale 
Hospital two hundred guns spoke the sentiments of the 
soldiers, in the loudest tones. 

At noon there was a procession of all the coal carts in the 
city, filled with workmen, and preceded by two marshals, with 
flags. At half-past two, the entire Fire Department paraded. 
The men and the machines were gaily decorated with patriotic 
devices and banners. They were accompanied by Goddard & 
Riedl's band. The flags suspended on the route were saluted 
by them with rousing cheers. The German Turner's Society 
made an attractive display. The Frohsinn Singing Society 
was out in a large omnibus, the members singing songs of the 
Fatherland. Besides these there were calithumpians and 
masqueraders, etc., in great numbers. W. X. Stevens fired 
one hundred and fifty rounds from a single gun of his Platoon 
Gun Battery at the corner of Main and Maple Streets. 

Notwithstanding rain and mud, the crowd which thronged 
the streets, seemed to increase as evening came on, and the 
illuminations and transparencies began to light up the build- 
ings. The display was much greater than that called out by 
the news of the fall of Richmond. There were but few houses, 
stores or manufactories, which did not contribute to the 
general demonstration. The Court Houses, the First Uni- 
tarian Church, the Salisbury mansion and W. A. Smythe's 
block, shed a bright radiance over the north end of Main 
Street. The illumination extended as far up as Austin Street, 
and private houses were lighted up far beyond. There were 
elegant decorations on many stores and other buildings. 
Clark's Block was brilliant with lights. Jenkins, Hamilton & 
Co., displayed the Goddess of Liberty, with the national 
colors suspended from the beak of a splendid eagle. J. H. 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 33 1 

Clark's store had a stack of burnished muskets in each win- 
dow. At Barnard, Sumner & Cos., there was a figure of 
Grant under a paviHon of red, white and blue, in military 
dress, with the inevitable cigar. Military maps were scattered 
around. This was a great attraction. 

The Lincoln House Block was lighted up in every window. 
J. D. Chollar made a display of Chinese lanterns, and a 
transparency with the name of Grant. Upon the portico of 
the Post Office was a standing figure of Jefferson Davis, 
carpet-bag in hand, and a demijohn of whiskey under the arm, 
prepared for a long and perilous journey. In the window of 
D. H. Eames & Co., was the figure of an " American Citizen," 
colored, in military dress, looking as if he had rights which a 
white man was bound to respect. Putnam Brothers displayed 
a Temple of Liberty. D. H. O'Niel, at the corner of Main 
and Foster Streets, had a most elegant arrangement of 
national colors. Horace Sheldon made a similar display. 
The City Bank Block made a brilliant appearance. The Gas 
Company, on Pearl Street, showed a design of brilliant burn- 
ers — three stars, a blazing heart, and the word victory. 
The Police Office and the City Marshall's Office, were decor- 
ated with flags and the names of the most prominent generals 
in the war. 

The Bay State Shoe Company, on Austin Street, again illu- 
minated their large building. Rev. Mr. Richardson was 
invited to be present and address the proprietors, workmen 
and friends, who gathered in large numbers. Mr. Richardson 
spoke about half an hour in his happiest vein. All this time 
the crowds in the street were immense, and the steady rain 
did not seem to diminish them. 

The view from the Common was very fine, almost every 
dwelling being illuminated. At the far south end, the College 
of the Holy Cross was a mass of light. Private dwellings all 
over the city displayed more or less lights at the windows. 
During the evening the workmen in Crompton's Loom Works, 
paraded the streets, in long procession, with banners, and 
elegant transparencies. They were heartily cheered from 



332 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

point to point. Bonfires threw a glare over the scene from 
various locahties. 

At Webster Square they had a Hvely demonstration. 
Cannon were fired in the morning, at noon, and at sunsQt. 
A huge bonfire, fed by four hundred old barrels, threw its 
light far into the evening sky. In the evening the houses 
were illuminated. A meeting was held which was addressed 
by Charles Hersey, Esq., Rev. Mr. Pentecost, and the Hon. 
John D. Baldwin. The day finally closed, late in the evening, 
without accident or disturbance. 

Thursday, the thirteenth, was observed as Fast Day, by the 
recommendation of President Lincoln. But as that observ- 
ance was followed, only two days later, by the death of the 
beloved President, and as the religious services served, in a 
measure, to prepare the people for that great bereavement, 
the Fast Day, the reception of the intelligence of the assassi- 
nation, and the funeral observances, will all be comprised in a 
separate chapter. 

But as the general and unbounded rejoicing of the people 
on account of the return of peace, the preservation of the 
Union, and the abolition of slavery, culminated in the celebra- 
tion of the Fourth of July, the account of that day's proceed- 
ings will be given in this connection. 

Section II. — The Fourth of July. 
Says the Palladium of the twelfth of July, 1865, in the 
opening paragraph of its account of the celebration : — 

" The Fourth of July was celebrated in Worcester, this year, as never 
before; for it had a double meaning, — the final Independence of 1865, 
superadded to the Independence of 1776. No discordant spirit prevailed ; 
but men of all parties came together in patriotic harmony, and took part in 
the celebration with an energy and a will. The weather was unusually 
fine. At sunrise, noon, and sunset, the church bells rung out their joy- 
ous peals, as they have not rung before since 1815, — half a century ago, 
when closed a three years' war between the United States and England, 
— modified only by the loud-mouthed cannon, which served to remind all 
of the terrible sacrifice which had been the cost of the war." 

The following account of the celebration has been some- 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 



333 



what abridged from an excellent report in the Daily Spy of 
July 6, 1865, prepared by Mr. C. C. Baldwin. 

As it was deemed proper that the celebration should far 
surpass anything of the kind ever before seen in Worcester, 
the City Council took the matter in hand, and at a meeting 
held May 30, appointed a joint committee, to act with a com- 
mittee of the citizens, the two forming a general committee, 
to whom all things pertaining to the celebration were en- 
trusted. The following named gentlemen constituted the 
committee : — 

City Council. Citizens. 

Mayor Ball, James B. Blake, 

Harrison Bliss, J. D. Daniels, 

E. C. Cleveland, Henry A. Marsh, 

William E. Starr, Alzirus Brown, 

George R. Peckham, John S. Baldwin, 

Salisbury Hyde, Lucius W. Pond, 

William B. McIvor. George Sumner. 

The Hon. Phinehas Ball was chosen chairman, and Charles 
A. Chase, secretary. It was decided that the celebration 
should combine two distinct parts ; first, an ovation to the 
returned soldiers ; and second, a " grand procession exhibiting 
the industrial pursuits and resources of the city." The first 
part was to be in the morning, and the second in the after- 
noon, with the customary salutes and bell-ringings at sunrise, 
noon, and sunset. Numerous citizens were appointed as sub- 
committees to carry out the details of the celebration. 

The Decorations. 

These were very numerous on the route of the processions, 
and some of them were very elegant in design. 

The first and finest of them all was the Triumphal Arch 
erected by the city across Main Street, opposite Harrington 
Corner. This arch was built under the direction of a com- 
mittee consisting of Henry A, Marsh, J. S. Pinkham, and D. 
H. Eames. It was forty feet high, and extended the width of 
the street, fifty and a half feet, with four supports. The 
wooden frame-work was covered with white cotton cloth, 



334 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

over which were delicately arranged trimmings of evergreen 
and brilliant streamers. On the south side of the u[)per 
facing of the arch, was the motto : " The Heart of the Com- 
monwealth greets the Defenders of the Union ; " and on the 
reverse these words : " All Honor to our Gallant Army and 
Navy." Between the pedestals on each side were printed the 
names of the principal engagements in which the Worcester 
county regiments had participated, as follows : Ball's Bluff, 
Roanoke, Newbern, Camden, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, 
Second Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro', Blue 
Springs, Campbell's Station, Knoxville, Port Hudson, Galves- 
ton, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, 
Petersburg, Poplar Grove Church, Weldon Railroad, New 
Market, Piedmont, Lynchburg, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, 
Drury's Bluff, Cedar Creek, Arrovvfield Church, Jackson, Fort 
Gregg, Hatcher's Run, Fort Steadman, Richmond. In the 
evening the brilliant lighting of this structure revealed the 
words " Liberty and Union." 

The Memorial Arch, opposite the post office, — Exchange 
Building — also built by the city under the direction of Henry 
Woodward and Charles B. Whiting, was forty feet high and 
sixty feet broad, and was draped with black over white 
ground-work. It bore the inscription on the south side, " In 
Memory of the Fallen," and on the reverse, " Give me the 
Death of Those who for their Country Die." A cross sur- 
mounted the structure. This arch looked magnificently in 
the evening when lighted up with gas, the white back-ground 
giving an indescribably fine effect to the flood of light. The 
evening inscription was " In Memoriam." 

The Rustic Arch across Main Street, opposite School 
Street, was tastefully and thoroughly trimmed with evergreen. 
This arch was also lighted up in the evening with splendid 
effect. It was erected by the city under the direction of 
George C. Boyden. 

An arch tastefully trimmed, opposite Stephen Salisbury's 
house on Highland Street, bore the mottoes " To be Free is 
to be Strong," and " Reap the Fields your Valor Won." 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 335 

An arch on Harvard Street opposite William Street, erected 
by Joseph Chase, Esq., was quite elaborate, its decorations of 
evergreen, and flags surmounted by a large painted transpa- 
rency bearing the inscription "Your Valor and Devotion 
have Saved the Flag ! — Thanks," 

At the residence of Hartley Williams were fine decorations, 
with the inscription, " Soldiers, you have Crushed Treason, 
Ended the Rebellion, and Saved the Country — Welcome." 

The stores and dwellings along the route were very gen- 
erally trimmed for the occasion. Barnard, Sumner & Co.'s 
store was profusely and handsomely decorated. Two ele- 
gantly arranged shields bore inscriptions ; on one, " Welcome 
the Returned — Victory," and on the other, " Remember the 
Fallen — Peace." Jenkins, Hamilton & Co.'s was also finely 
arranged, with the mottoes " Peace through Victory," " Army 
and Navy," the names of the heroes, Grant, Sherman, and 
Sheridan, of the army, and Farragut, Porter and Dupont, of 
the navy, wreathed with the national colors, the last bearing 
an appropriate mourning emblem. At W. L. Gray's a motto 
was displayed as follows : — 

" Sound the loud cannon, let every flag fly, 
And honor forever the Fourth of July." 

A flag at the north end of Main Street bore the motto, " The 
Peaceful Arts sustained by Patriot Arms defended." At No. 
14 Harvard Street, the residence of Elbridge Boyden, was 
discovered an evergreen bower, wherein was standing a young 
lady personating the Goddess of Liberty treading the serpent 
of secession under her feet. This representation caused loud 
and continued cheering from the soldiery as they passed. 
The arch erected by Charles W. Smith, Esq., near his resi- 
dence on Elm Street, spanning both Elm and Chestnut 
Streets, merits more than casual mention by its simple and 
tasty elegance. The four pillars were wreathed, and bore the 
names of the principal battles and the chief heroes of the war. 
Pipes crossing each other at the top, rested on these pillars, 
and wreathed with evergreen and trimmed with streamers, 



336 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

formed unique and graceful arches. Above the whole rested 
an eagle. There were four mottoes, one over the opening of 
each arch, as follows : " America's Debt to her Citizens she can 
pay — that to her Soldiers, never ; " " America lives, though 
many of her noble Sons have died to save her ; " " The Union 
saved, Slavery destroyed, by the brave Boys in Blue," and 
" Honor to Those who are not Afraid to Die for their Country." 

The residence of Hon. Levi Lincoln looked finely, the 
large white columns in front being twined with red and blue 
cloth of the richest colors. The venerable ex-governor stood 
upon the walk as the soldiers passed, and was saluted by them 
with hearty cheering. 

The arch, corner of Elm and West Streets, erected by 
Charles Allen, Jr., bore on the east side the motto, " The only 
National Debt that we can never pay — our Debt of Gratitude 
to the Soldiers." On the reverse side were the following 
words from President Lincoln's speech at Gettysburg, " The 
Nation shall, under God, have a New Birth of Freedom." 

There were several places on the route where beautiful 
young girls in appropriate costume represented little tableaux, 
which received merited applause. Of other residences besides 
those above mentioned, which were decorated, there is not 
space to mention all ; but those of D. S. Messinger on Chest- 
nut Street, Hon. A. H. Bullock, and Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, 
on Elm street, and of E. N. Childs and Dr. O. Martin, on 
Pleasant Street, were very noticeable. 

An arch erected by George Crompton, Esq., opposite his 
loom works on Green Street, was pronounced by many who 
saw it, the neatest of any in the city. It was thirty feet high, 
thirty-two feet wide, and draped with evergreen, and arranged 
with mottoes, with a very handsome representation of the 
Goddess of Liberty over the top of the arch. The goddess 
was of the classic days, with staff and cap and shield, and with 
light drapery of blue with silver stars. This arch was illumi- 
nated in the evening. 

The signal arch at the crossing of the Western railroad, 
near W. H. Jourdan's office, was trimmed by Mr. Jourdan 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 



337 



with flags and evergreens, and in the evening with lanterns. 
There were many decorations in the city besides those noticed 
above on the routes of the processions. 

The Processions. 
The procession in the morning, and that in the afternoon, 
were both under the direction of the following gentlemen as 
marshals. 

Chief Marshal, James B. Blake. 
Aides, Aides 

Dr. F. H. Kelley, E. B. Stoddard, 

Charles A. Chase, j. D. Daniels, 

E. A. Harkness, J. Marble, 

C. B. Whiting, H. M. Witter. 

Marshals, 

Alzirus Brown, George Crompton, 

Edwin A. Wood, George S. Barton, 

T, W. Wellington. 

Assistant Marshals, 

R. M. Gould, W. A. Swallow, 

A. B. Lovell, Joseph Reideout, 

A. W. Ward, S. E. Coombs, 

J. D. E. Jones, J. W. Jordan, 

John K. Tiffany, George E. Boyden, 

J. D. Chollar, H. a. Marsh, 

W. E. Rice, D. M. Woodward, 

S. Salisbury, Jr. Dr. F. H. Rice, 

Patrick Nugent, j. s. Pinkham, 

O. K. Earle, D. W. Bemis, 

Nathaniel Paine, H. Bliss, Jr. 

Timothy K. Earle, p. Roynan. 

The marshals, aides, etc., met on West Street, at half-past 
seven o'clock, mounted, with sashes, rosettes, etc., designating 
their rank, and rode via Lincoln Square and Main Street to 
the City Hall, where each was assigned to his position. 

At eight o'clock the returned soldiers reported on Portland 
Street, whence they marched through Park, Trumbull and 
Front Streets, to Horticultural Hall. Here the disabled 
soldiers and the naval corps joined them, and every man was 
furnished with a boquet of flowers at the hands of the ladies. 
The Horticultural Society, through their Secretary, E. W. 
Lincoln, Esq., took the initiative in providing the flowers. 



338 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Two long vehicles, the boat-sleigh " Challenge " of the 
Worcester Horse Railroad, and a long omnibus, both appro- 
priately decorated with flags, and evergreens, and banners, 
bore the disabled soldiers. The mottoes on the boats were : 
" Any Sacrifice for the Republic is cheerfully made ; " and, 
" Our Limbs are lost, but our Country is saved." 

A faded flag which had floated above the head of Farragut 
on his flag-ship Hartford at Forts Jackson and St. Philip, was 
borne by the naval heroes. " The jolly tars were proud of 
their flag, and could have had no more fitting emblem, speak- 
ing as it did of one of the best of naval commanders, and of 
some of the most noble achievements of the navy." 

Five bands of music were in attendance, including the band 
of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, and the Worcester Cornet 
Band, led respectively by J, P. Griffin and N. P. Goddard. 
There were in all eighty-seven instruments. 

All citizens of Worcester and vicinity who had been honor- 
ably discharged from the army or navy, or who were still in 
service, were invited to join the procession, and receive the 
homage of admiration and gratitude from the people. The 
invitation was responded to quite generally, and every regi- 
ment that went from Worcester county was represented. 
Says the report : — 

" The Sixth Regiment was represented by about twenty-five men of the 
Old Worcester Light Infantry, who went through Baltimore in 1861. 
Captain J. A. Lovell was in command. They carried their old company 
flags, three in number. 

The Third Battalion Rifles was represented by about twenty-five men 
under Major M. McConville. 

The Fifteenth Regiment, of which veteran organization about a hundred 
were expected to fall into hne, did not receive their flag, Governor An- 
drew refusing their request for the privilege of using the colors given 
them by the ladies of Worcester. These heroes of many battles, and 
sufferers in rebel prisons, were so disappointed that they made no appear- 
ance in the procession ; but they were not forgotten by the people of 
Worcester, if by Governor Andrew.* 



* The above expresses the feehng of the time ; but Governor Andrew afterwards explained that 
he was governed by a general rule which could not be safely broken. 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 



339 



The Twenty-first Regiment — about forty men, among them Sergeant 
Plunkett. The only officers present were Major Harlow and Captain 
Valentine. They carried the tattered and battle begrimed colors of this 
valorous and renowned organization. 

The Twenty-fifth Regiment, — about eighty men, with Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel Moulton, and Captains Denny, Wageley and Goodwin. They carried 
the old flag presented by the ladies of Worcester ; also three rebel fla^s 
captured at Newbern by Co. H. 

The Twenty-eighth Regiment were about a dozen men under Captain 
Trainer, who formed a portion of the Worcester company in that re^^i- 
ment. 

The Thirty-fourth Regiment, was pretty-well represented on this occa- 
sion, and received particular notice on the route. They numbered about one 
hundred and thirty, with the following officers. Colonel Lincoln, Captains 
Willard, Goodrich and Walker, Quarter-master Howland, Lieutenant 
Cutler. They carried the national colors and state flag, which the regi- 
ment upheld so honorably in the Shenandoah Valley, and marched to the 
music of their own military band. 

The Thirty-sixth Regiment also appeared with their old colors. They 
numbered about seventy. The officers present were Major Raymond, 
Captains Morse and Davidson, and Lieutenants Cross and Boswell. 

The Forty-second Regiment was represented by about seventy men 
of the three companies organized in this vicinity. The officers with the 
battahon were Major Stiles, Captains Cogswell, Eddy and Ford, and 
Lieutenants Jennings and Aldrich. 

The Fiftieth Regiment was represented by about thirty men of the 
company raised in this city, under Lieutenant Hayes. 

The Fifty-first Regiment numbered about eighty men, and the follow- 
ing officers : Lieutenant-Colonel Studley, Major Harkness, Captains 
Ward, Baldwin, Hobbs and Goodell, Lieutenants Peck, Bigelow, Dodd 
and Thayer. They were unable to get their old flag from the State 
House, but they improvised a flag for the occasion. 

The Fifty-seventh had about thirty representatives, under Captain John 
Goodwin and Lieutenant Jonas Peacock. They carried a tattered battle 
flag ; none more battle-worn came out of the Wilderness fights. 

The Sixtieth Massachusetts, the soldiers of Dale Hospital, the naval, 
reserve, and soldiers of other organizations, added to the military and 
civil escort ; the floral representations and the bands swelled the column 
to large proportions." 

By invitation of the committee of arrangements, Colonel 
JosiAH Pickett, late of the Twenty-fifth, took command of 
the military portion of the procession, assisted by the follow- 
ing staff: Colonel A. B. R. Sprague, Captain E. P. Woodward, 



340 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Lieutenant-Colonel A. A. Goodell, Captain Henry Valentine, 
Major C. G. Atwood, Captain J. M. Drennen, Lieutenant 
Levi Lincoln, Jr. 

The procession formed on Park Street, and moved promptly 
at half-past nine o'clock, in the following order : 

City Marshal, 

Platoon of Police, 

Worcester Cornet Band, 

Escort, Colonel D. M. Woodward Commander, 

Worcester City Guard, 

Company of State Guards, No. i, 

Aides, Chief Marshal, Aides, 

Newton Cornet Band, 

City Government, with Invited Guests, 

Aide, Emblem — " Peace through Victory." — Aide, 

Aide, Goddess of Liberty, Aide, 

Shrewsbury Band, 

Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, 

Third Battalion, 

Twenty-first Regiment, 

Twenty-fifth Regiment, 

Twenty-eighth Regiment, 

Naval Corps, 

Aide, Emblem — "Pen and Sword." — Aide, 

Disabled Soldiers in Carriages, 

Thirty-fourth Regiment Band, 

Thirty-fourth Regiment, 

Thirty-sixth Regiment, 

Forty- Second Regiment, 

Fiftieth Regiment, 

Fifty-first Regiment, 

Fifty-seventh Regiment, 

Sixtieth Regiment, 

Members of other Regiments and Unattached Companies, 

Brookline (N. H.) Band, 

Aide, Marshal, Aide, 

Union — Thirty-six Young Ladies, 
Aide, Marshal, Aide, 

Dale Hospital Soldiers, 
Aide, Aide. 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 



341 



The Emblems. 
Among the most prominent and beautiful features of the 
procession, were four emblematic representations, viz., " Peace 
through Victory," " Goddess of Liberty," " Pen and Sword," 
and " Union." These were so prettily designed and exe- 
cuted, that a full description of them will be copied from the 
Spy. As the description of a similar pageant at the close of 
the Revolution, would be intensely interesting to those now 
living, so will this be to those who shall live here in coming 
generations. 

" The first emblem — ' Peace through Victory,' represented twelve 
young ladies clothed in white, with laurel wreaths and bearing palms. 
The car was decorated with palms and bay, and drawn by four led horses, 
clothed in white, and decorated with laurel and bay. In the centre a 
figure with full armor was seen ; also the figure of a Roman soldier, bearing 
a battle-flag furled, and the white flag of peace flying from the same stalf. 

The ' Goddess of Liberty ' followed, in a car surmounted with the 
the American eagle bearing four flags in its beak, and underneath the 
motto, ' Peerless in Peace, Invincible in War.' Over the car was a can- 
opy resting on four supporters, each one trimmed with evergreen. The 
seat and platform were draped with flags. Here was seated the peerless 
Goddess, with right arm resting upon the bundle of sticks which repre- 
sented union, and hand grasping the staff", surmounted by the liberty cap. 
The shield was by her left knee. Her dress was plain white, with dra- 
pery trimmed with blue, and ornamented with silver stars ; and a wreath 
of laurel was about her head. The car was drawn by four noble horses, 
each one led by a soldier from Dale Hospital, who very kindly volunteered 
their services. 

These preceded the returned soldiers in the procession. Following the 
naval corps, and preceding the disabled soldiers, came the emblem of the 
' The Pen and Sword.' A sword and pen were seen on a standard in the 
center, with the words, ' Sword of Grant,' and * Pen of Lincoln.' A 
shield beneath a banner at the front was inscribed ' Victory.' Beneath a 
scroll extending from corner post to corner post, were the words, ' Union 
Forever.' The corner posts were surmounted by two small Union 
shields inscribed ' 1776' and ' 1865 ; ' at the rear of the platform a banlier 
inscribed * Emancipation ; ' beneath a scroll, extending from corner post 
to corner post, ' Victory or Death,' an arch on one side, in the centre of 
the top of which was a photograph of Lincoln, surrounded by a wreath of 
white lilies, was inscribed ' Forever Free ; ' beneath sat a negro boy ; an 
arch on the other side, in the centre of which was a photograph of Grant, 



342 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

surrounded by a wreath of laurel, was inscribed ' Unconditional Surren- 
der ; ' beneath was a small cannon. The whole was decorated with 
festoons of evergreens and with bunting, while the Pen and Sword 
were surmounted by a wreath of red, white and blue flowers. 

Almost at the end of the procession, and preceding the Dale Hospital 
Soldiers, came thirty-six young ladies of the Worcester High School, rep- 
resenting ' Union.' A tall and heavy staff, handsomely surmounted and 
decorated with flowers, was fitted to a platform, borne by four men. 
From the top of the staff streamers of red, white and blue alternated, and 
were held by the ladies who represented states, each one of whom held 
one, and all were arranged in a body about the staff. The dresses of the 
young ladies were white, with laurel festoonings upon the skirts, and with 
laurel belts. Each lady wore upon her left shoulder, the coat of arms of 
the state she represented. This was pronounced the finest feature of the 
procession, and it was essentially different from the usual method of rep- 
resentation, the ladies walking instead of riding. This, with the prece- 
ding emblems, drew the admiring plaudits of the people. 

The procession moved from Park Street, through Main, Highland, 
Harvard, Chestnut, Elm, West, Pleasant and Main Streets to Lincoln 
Square, and countermarched on Main Street to Mechanics Hall, where 
the complimentary breakfast to the returned soldiers had been laid out 
under direction of the city government. The soldiers, and the Worcester, 
Brookhne and Thirty-fourth Regiment bands were conducted to their 
places at the tables, and the stage was occupied by tlie city government, 
and marshals and aides." 

As the procession arrived at Mechanics Hall, a beautiful 
American flag was seen suspended over Main Street, several 
. hundred feet in the air, gaily fluttering in the breeze, and 
brilliantly illuminated by the noonday sun. It was attached 
to the string of a kite, which some patriotic youth had flown, 
and was a beautiful and thrilling sight. 

The Shrewsbury and Newton bands marched to the music- 
stands on the Common, and entertained the crowds till noon 
with their best music. 

Mechanics Hall was appropriately draped in red, white and 
blue, and finely decorated with designs, drawn and pcinted by 
T. M. Woodward. On the front of the gallery opposite the 
stage was the motto : 

" The soldiers of '65, worthy sons of the patriots of '76," 
flanked by shields bearing the dates " 1775," " 1865." 




'"'E-d&f BA'^^ 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 343 

On the right gallery was the motto : 

" Honor to our Army and Navy," and on the left, — 
" While Honoring the Living, we Mourn the Fallen." 

On each side of the hall were elegant shields, bearing the 
mottoes : 

"Soldiers of Liberty, you are Welcome to the Heart 
of the Commonwealth," and " Welcome our Defenders — 
Victory." 

The galleries were "crowded with spectators, and the 
heroes were welcomed with loud applause." 

The Dinner and the Speeches. 
Mayor Ball opened the formal exercises at the dinner 
table, by an appropriate speech of welcome. He began by re- 
ferring to the fourth of July, 1776, as historic in the annals of 
our country, and forever associated with the great principle 
that all men are " created free and equal " in regard to their 
rights. He then spoke of the antagonism between this 
principle of freedom, embodied in our Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, and the institution of slavery, which had involved 
us in a terrible, fratricidal war. This war, however, had 
resulted in eliminating from our institutions and our country, 
the great curse and shame which had been our reproach from 
the beginning, and the present fourth of July was a new 
point of departure in the annals of our country. Henceforth 
we are " all free," and we shall become homogeneous, in the 
progress of events, when liberty shall be recognized, in all 
parts of the land, as the birthright of all born on our soil. In 
the great fight against treason, and for impartial freedom, the 
soldiers of this city had bravely borne their part, and now 
the city rises up to do them honor. He continued : 

" A just and noble pride is yours, that your record in your country's 
cause was so promptly commenced in the beginning of the war, and that 
it has been continued with such constancy during the entire strife. Upon 
this worthy record we congratulate you. But for these blessings of vic- 
tories over our enemies, let us never forget to give praise and grateful 
acknowledgments to God for his interposition in our behalf. Nor let 
those pass from our remembrance and kindly care, who with chastened 



344 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and afflicted hearts, to-day, while rejoicing in our country's prosperity, are 
bowed in silent grief, that all these glorious successes have been purchased 
at such an immense sacrifice of so many loved and honored ones, who 
never more can come ; or returning, return with their capacity of useful- 
ness much diminished or totally lost. 

In conclusion, let us here renew our mutual pledges, that whatever 
duties civil life may hereafter impose for our care or performance, integ- 
rity of action shall always be ours, that the nation's history may proceed in 
one unbroken stream in favor of justice and liberty for all men, until civil 
freedom shall bless and elevate every member of the state, and all shall 
be free in the highest and best sense of civil freedom." 

Colonel Pickett, who came forward amid great applause, 
responded as follows : 

" Mayor Ball and Citizens of Worcester : — On behalf of these brave 
men, who, after conquering treason, re-establishing the government on a 
secure foundation, and securing the blessings of liberty to all, have now 
returned to you in triumph, I tender you my most sincere thanks for this 
magnificent ovation, and the honor you have bestowed on them this 
day. 

I can assure you it gives us the greatest gratification to know that our 
services are so highly appreciated by our friends and fellow citizens at 
home, and even as our conduct as soldiers has elicited your unqualified 
approval, so may we ever continue to merit your confidence as citizens, 
maintaining the true principles of right and justice, and always ready to 
respond to the call of duty." 

The divine blessing was then invoked by Rev. Dr. Hill, 
after which the guests partook of the collation, while Mr. C. 
C. Stearns performed patriotic airs upon the organ. 

After dinner, the Mayor called to order, and read the fol- 
lowing sentiment : 

" We have given our limbs that our country might live." 

Rev. George S. Ball of Upton, formerly chaplain of the 
Twenty-first Regiment, responded. He began by alluding 
facetiously to the good health of the soldiers, indicated by the 
readiness with which they took their rations, and expressed 
his belief that they needed no quinine, having received stimu- 
lus enough to ward off fever for a long time in the warmth of 
the reception of to-day, and then read General Grant's con- 
gratulatory order to the soldiers, to which the soldiers 
responded with loud and hearty cheers. 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 345 

As showing the havoc of war, and the wide-spread mourn- 
ing caused thereby, he stated as a fact that over five hundred 
commissioned officers from Massachusetts had died from the 
casualties of the war. Continuing : 

" He referred to incidents in his own experience in the field, showing the 
spirit of self-sacrifice pervading the army, and the courage and bravery 
of those who have suffered. He said that on the eight or nine battle- 
fields where he had had experience, he knew nothing of the groans of the 
battle-field. He heard no groans or murmurs ; they were too strong to 
give expression to their pain, and in thinking of their fate, we can sing 
with the poet Collins : 

' How sleep the brave, who sink to rest, 
By all their country's wishes blessed ! 
When spring, with dewy fingers cold, 
Returns to deck their hallowed mould, 
She there shall dress a sweeter sod 
Than Fancy's feet have ever trod. 

By fairy hands their knell is rung ; 
By forms unseen their dirge is sung, 
There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray. 
To bless the turf that wraps their clay ; 
And Freedom shall a while repair, 
To dwell a weeping hermit there ! ' " 

Colonel William S. Lincoln spoke in response to the follow- 
ing sentiment : 

" By Heaven's indulgence we return to enjoy and perfect 
what we have defended." 

He paid a tribute to those who first met the urgent call of 
the country when the rebellion broke out, and referred with 
special honor to the Sixth Regiment, of which the old Wor- 
cester Light Infantry formed a part, and also to the other 
organizations which then marched from the city. The regi- 
ments that subsequently went into the war, came in for a 
share of his tribute. He said the war was over, but the 
fruits of it were yet to be gathered. The colored men had 
done good service, and he urged the duty of giving them 
equal rights at the ballot box. " Then," said he, " shall we 
more surely preserve what has been gained, and fully enjoy 
and perfect that which has been defended." 



34^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Colonel Pickett then called for three cheers for Colonel 
Lincoln, which were " given with a will," 

Colonel A. B. R. Sprague was called upon to respond to a 
sentiment in remembrance of those still remaining in the 
field. His remarks were as follows : 

" He was thankful for the privilege of joining in the festivities of the 
day, now when the dark night is over and the day dawns — now when " 
throughout the length and breadth of our beloved land, all loyal hearts 
unite in thanksgiving for the glorious old flag that floats everywhere tri- 
umphantly from the St Croix to the Rio Grande. The veterans from the 
smoke and dust of the conflict, home at last, crowned with honors, and 
decked with flowers that fair hands have twined, thank God that they 
live to see this day. The freedman at the door of his cabin, lifts up his 
voice in exultation, for the deliverance is at hand. The women of the 
North, angels of mercy, who by untiring efforts and heroic words, have 
encouraged the soldier in the weary march, and inspired him in the hour 
of peril ; aye, even those whose husbands, fathers, brothers, sons, ' not 
lost but gone before,' have gone through glory's golden gates to immor- 
tality beyond, as they kneel to-day with upturned eyes, can almost pierce 
the canopy of the blue sky, and catch the smile of approbation from the 
spirits immortal. The process of re-construction will be slow. Scattered 
over the sunny South are thousands of soldiers anxiously awaiting the 
day when their services will be no longer required. Oh how their hearts 
yearn to-day for a breath of the pure air, a sight of the hills and the val- 
leys of the North, and for the associations that cluster around their homes. 
The poisonous malaria, the burning fever, no less fatal than rebel bullets, 
will fill many graves, and cause sorrow in many home circles. But their 
mission is not yet fulfilled. Let us rejoice that it is so nearly accom- 
plished, at so great a sacrifice of life and treasure, that when the great 
temple of the Union is complete in all its parts, upon its topmost arch 
shall be written in imperishable letters, ' Liberty and equal rights to all 
who bear true faith and allegiance.' " 

Three cheers were then given for Colonel Sprague, three 
for Admiral Farragut and the navy, and three for Colonel 
Pickett. The mayor called on the galleries for three cheers 
for the soldiers, which were heartily given. And then the 
soldiers responded with nine cheers for the citizens of Wor- 
cester, and three for the ladies. 

Well-known singers interspersed the exercises by render- 
ing with fine effect, " Tramp, tramp, tramp," " Union and 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 347 

Liberty Forever," and other songs. The quartette was com- 
posed of Messrs Richards, A. S. Benchley, Fairbanks and 
J. E. Benchley. The military were then dismissed, and the 
great organ sounded out the Hallelujah chorus while the au- 
dience passed out of the hall. 

The Schools. 

The ovation to the soldiers was rendered more beautiful 
and complete by the parade of the school children of Worces- 
ter, over six thousand in number, who under the care of their 
teachers, were arranged in double line along the route of the 
procession. The police kept back the crowd. All being 
dressed in holiday attire, with garlands, wreaths, boquets and 
wdth a small flag in one hand, made a beautiful display. It 
was pronounced one of the finest ever seen in the city. The 
children sung patriotic airs, while the procession was pass- 
ing ; they cheered, waved their flags, and seemed to feel the 
honor of their position. They gave the soldiers a delightful 
welcome. 

The details of the schools and their mottoes will be given, 
because the thousands of children who participated, will always 
have pleasant remembrances of the occasion, and many of them 
will doubtless be glad to have their memories refreshed by 
reading the record. Says the report : 

" The schools were arranged in the following order, each with a banner 
bearing the name of the school, and most of them with appropriate mot- 
toes. Many of the banners were quite costly, and were designed in excel- 
lent taste. 

The Worcester High School paraded with their school banner, bearing 
the name of the school and the motto, 'The Culture of the Mind the Food 
of Humanity.' The school also carried a memorial banner of white silk, 
inscribed with the names of its members who have been in the army, 
and also those who have died in the service. The whole list numbered 
sixty-three. Fourteen of these were among the fallen. The school so- 
ciety ' Enclia,' also had a fine scarlet silk banner, with their badge 
designated upon it, and a Greek motto, ' All are Allies to Each.' The 
three banners cost over $150. 

The Thomas Street Schools, six in number, appeared in the procession 
with full ranks, each school bearing a banner with its name and grade. 



34^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

The schools carried the following mottoes : ' For God and the Right.' 
* Be Just and Fear not,'. ' Onward and Upward.' The grammar school also 
carried a memorial banner inscribed with the names of seventeen of its 
members who have given their lives for their country. 

The Main Street Schools, three in number, displayed each a banner, 
with the mottoes : ' Children ; the Republic's Jewels ; ' ' When we are 
older we'll Fight for You ; ' ' We are Little Soldiers.' 

The Mason Street Schools, two in number, had banners inscribed, 
' Welcome ; ' ' We all feel gay, now Johnny comes Marching Home ; ' 
' You have Fought for Us, we will Shout for You.' 

The Elm Street School carried a banner w'ith the name of the school 
and the motto, ' Welcome.' 

The Pleasant Street Schools, three in number, bore banners inscribed 
with the name and grade of each school, and the mottoes : ' Defenders 
of Home and Country, welcome ; ' ' Welcome ; ' ' Honor to the Brave.' 

The Front Street Schools, three in number, all primary, carried ban- 
ners with the names of their schools without mottoes. 

The Ash Street Schools, four in number, bore banners with the grades 
of their schools, and the mottoes, ' To the Brave ; ' ' Welcome Home ; ' 
' The Litde Ones welcome You.' 

The Providence Street Schools, primary and secondary, paraded with 
the motto, ' The Children greet You.' 

The Ouinsigamond School displayed a banner with their name and the 
motto, 'AH Honor to the Heroes of 1865.' 

The South Worcester Schools, primary and grammar, carried banners 
with their names, and the grammar school bore the motto, ' In Unison 
and Victory there is Liberty and Peace.' All the above schools were sta- 
tioned on the east side of Main Street. 

The schools on the west side of Main Street, commencing at the Court 
House were as follows : 

Sycamore Street Schools, with the national flag, headed by Mr. Hunt's 
grammar scholars, bearing a banner emblazoned with the names of its 
graduates who have fallen in the ranks. The banners carried by the 
schools of the different grades, from grammer to sub-primary, bore the 
following mottoes : ' Peace through Victory ; ' ' We give You Welcome ; ' 
' Victory ; ' ' Welcome Home ; ' ' We are for the Right ; ' ' We are little 
Soldiers.' 

Summer Street Schools' mottoes, ' Ours is the Flag of the Free ; ' 
' Freedom to All ; ' ' Let every Heart Rejoice.' 

East Worcester — The leading banner was borne by little misses who 
were tastefully attired with starry caps and sashes. The following mot- 
toes were displayed : ' Peace through Victory ; ' ' Worcester's Next 
Quota ; ' (a group of little boys,) ' Little but warranted Good ; ' ' Welcome 
to the Brave ; ' ' We greet you.' Temple Street School for Boys — * Uni- 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 349 

versal Freedom to All.' Secondary — ' We honor our Brave Defenders ; ' 
' Washington — Lincoln.' 

Salem Street — The leading banner bore the words, 'Tears for the 
Dead, Praises for the Living.' Following were ' Emancipation — A. Lin- 
coln ; ' ' Freedom for all ; ' and the little toddlers of the sub-primary fol- 
lowed with ' When Johnny comes marching Home.' 

Webster Square. — The Chamberlain District. The North Pond Dis- 
trict followed, with handsomely decorated banners. 

Burncoat Plain. — ' Union and Independence.' Adams Square. — ' By 
his Sword he seeks the Calm Repose of Liberty.' 

Pond District. — ' We live in Deeds, not in Years,' 

Blithewood School carried a banner with the motto, 'We welcome our 
Victorious Soldiers Home.' 

Valley Falls School. — ' Honor the Brave.' 

Lee's Village. — ' Peace and Liberty.' 

Northville. — * The Living Heroes we welcome, the Honored Martyrs 
we mourn.' 

Tatnuck. — ' We keep the Jewel of Liberty in the Family of Freedom,' 

When the rear of the procession had left Lincoln Square and passed up 
Highland Street, the schools were moved in the opposite direction, and 
the same charming and lively spectacle which greeted the soldiers on 
Main Street, all the way from near City Hall to the Court House, was re- 
repeated with even greater enthusiasm and effect, the entire length of the 
route on Pleasant Street. It was an unusual scene, and one long to be 
remembered by those who were so fortunate as to witness it." 

The schools were then marched to their several school- 
houses, except the suburban schools, who were entertained in 
churches, opened for the purpose, and then dismissed. It was 
a day of enjoyment to the children, while they contributed 
much to the pleasure of the soldiers and all in the procession. 
This closed the first part of the celebration. 

The Trades' Representations, 
In preparing and executing the Trades' Representations, 
the business men of the city were inspired with the purpose 
of making a finer and more extensive display than anything 
ever before attempted, in the same line, in Worcester, Nearly 
all important enterprises were represented, and the procession 
was more than two and a half miles long, occupying three- 
quarters of an hour in passing a given point. The head of 
the procession left Lincoln Square promptly at half-past two 



350 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



o'clock, and passed through the following streets, viz. : — 
Main, Park, Green, Water, Grafton, Summer, and Main to 
Park, where it was dismissed. Here follows the order of the 
procession, abbreviated as much as possible : 

City Marshal, 

Platoon of Police, 

First Division, 

Aides, Marshal, Aides, 

Worcester Band, 

Fire Department as Escort, 

Aides, Marshal, Aides, 

Newton Band. 

Second Division, 

Aides, Marshal, Aides, 

Father Matthew Temperance Society, 

German Turners, 

American Society of Hibernians, 

Fenian Brotherhood. 

Third Division, 

Aides, Marshal, Aides, 

Brookline Band, 

Emblem of Industry, 

Trade Representations. 

Fourth Division, 

Aides, Marshal, Aides, 

Shrewsbury Band, 

Trade Repre'sentations. 

Fifth Division, 

Aides, Marshal, Aides. 

Thirty-fourth Regiment Band, 

Trade Representations, 
Foraging Party, Bummers, etc.. 

The Fire Companies, in their uniforms, with all their ma- 
chines newly painted and varnished, and all their apparatus in 
fine order, and all profusely and tastefully decorated with 
flowers and evergreens, made a splendid spectacle. They 
moved in double lines, in the following order : 

Washington, i ; Hook and Ladder, i and 2 ; Steamers Gov. 
Lincoln and Col. Davis ; City Hose, No. i ; Ocean, No. 2 ; 
Rapid, 2 ; Niagara, 2 ; Eagle Hose, 3. 



CLOSE OF THE WAR. 35 1 

Then came the Trade Representations, led by an emblem 
of Industry, designed as follows : — It was " two enormous 
straw bee-hives, around which bees were hovering, and sur-' 
rounded with flowers, all extremely life-like and natural." It 
was designed and worked up by several ladies, whose handi- 
work elicited much admiration. The particulars of the splen- 
did procession which followed, must be omitted. 

Next followed various fantastical exhibitions, designed to 
excite mirth. They were well received by the crowd, which 
rewarded the exhibitors with shouts of laughter. 

The entire procession, besides the Fire Department, in- 
cluded one hundred and twenty-eight teams, drawn by three 
hundred and twenty-six horses, and twenty-six oxen. Not- 
withstanding the length of the procession, and its unwieldy 
character, there was no delay or confusion. It moved promptly 
on time, and no accident of moment occurred on the route. 
This grand success reflected great credit upon the committee, 
and especially upon the Chief Marshal, Hon, James B. Blake. 

The Fenian Brotherhood, about three hundred strong, made 
their first appearance in uniform caps, bearing the United 
States and Irish flags. 

The Young Men's Benevolent and Total Abstinence Society, 
an organization of boys, made its first appearance, numbering 
two or three hundred members. The German Turners, Ger- 
man Singing Society, Father Matthew Temperance Society, 
and American Hibernian Society, — the last headed by a per- 
son playing a Scotch bag-pipe, — were all in full ranks, and 
several of them carried splendid silk banners. 

The Illuminations. 
The effect of the illumination was greatly enhanced by the 
arches across Main Street, which have been already described. 
Each of the principal arches had its group of special admirers, 
and all admitted that ordinary fireworks, however extensive, 
could not lend such a pleasing spectacle. The arches blazed 
until half-past ten o'clock, and even the full moon scarcely 
dimmed their splendor. Many stores and dwellings on Main 



352 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Street, were illuminated ; as were the houses and grounds of 
Messrs. Harrison Bliss, Joseph Chase, Governor Lincoln, 
Thomas Earle, Lyman J. Taft, Rev. T. E. St. John, H. H. 
Chamberlain, Charles B. Whiting, and " numberless others." 
Fireworks were sent up from many localities, flashing and 
sparkling in every direction. Chinese lanterns helped to turn 
the night into day. The day came to an end, according to 
the design of the committee, in a " blaze of glory." 

The celebration, in every part of its complicated plan, was 
most successfully carried out. It marked the close of a contest 
which had inaugurated a great historical epoch ; it expressed 
the joy of the people in the achieved results, and it set forth, 
in a peculiarly gratifying manner, the gratitude of the citizens 
towards the soldiers who had represented them in the field. 



THE MARTYRS TRIUMPH. 353 



CHAPTER XVI. 

DEATH OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. — UNIVERSAL MOURNING. 

By a singular and providential concurrence of events, the 
loyal people of the United States kept a solemn fast, according 
to the appointment of President Lincoln, the day before he 
was struck down by the hand of the assassin. The proclama- 
tion had been issued before the opening of the spring cam- 
paign, but ere the appointed day arrived, the capture of Rich- 
mond, and the surrender of General Lee, had caused universal 
rejoicing. When the day came, the people felt more like giving 
thanks than fasting. But it was deemed not unfitting the 
condition of the country to look to God with humiliation and 
reverence, in view of the national guilt, and the divine mercy. 
A proper observance of the day was adapted to make us, as a 
people, bear our prosperity without pride, and to enforce the 
conviction that our deliverance was due to the interposition 
of our fathers' God. 

Moreover, events took such a turn, that the observance of 
the National Fast had an effect which was not designed nor 
anticipated. It prepared, to some extent, the people to endure 
the great bereavement which soon filled all hearts with grief 
A nation which had just risen from its prostration before the 
Almighty, felt a sacred confidence that the same beneficent 
Power which had carried it safely through such a war, would 
be gracious still, and notwithstanding the murder of the 
beloved and respected Chief Magistrate, would secure to us 
lasting peace with liberty. 

23 



354 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Section i. — Fast-Day Services. 

With great propriety, therefore, do we rehearse the services 
of the National Fast, before describing the scenes that followed 
the death of Mr. Lincoln. 

Thursday, April 13, was quite generally observed, by abstain- 
ing from secular pursuits, and by a large attendance on public 
worship. It is remembered that the prevailing spirit was 
rather of thanksgiving than of supplication. 

At the Salem Street Church, Rev. Mr. Richardson delivered 
a characteristic discourse, founded on Jeremiah 50 : 46. "At 
the noise of the taking of Babylon the earth is moved, and 
the cry is heard among the nations." He contrasted the fall 
of Babylon with the fall of Richmond, and said that the over- 
throw of the Confederacy was the fall of false institutions and 
ideas, which has prepared the way for the elevation of the 
millions of the South, and has given new impulse to the prog- 
ress of liberty throughout the world. 

Dr. Sweetser, at the Central Church, discoursed from He- 
brews 13 : 16. "But to do good, and to communicate, forget 
not ; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased." The duty 
of the people of the North to God, ascribing all praise and 
honor to Him, for the glorious triumph He has granted our 
arms ; the duty of cultivating a Christian spirit of forgiveness 
towards those who have been our enemies ; our duty to the 
colored race, providentially placed under our charge ; the duty 
of imparting to the South, the institutions of rehgion, industry 
and learning, which have blessed and elevated our own peo- 
ple ; and the duty of confidence in our government, and trust 
in our future, were presented as prominent among the many 
ways in which the people of New England can do, and com- 
municate good. 

At the Church of the Unity, Rev. Mr. Shippen spoke from 
Isaiah 1:27. " Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and 
her converts with righteousness." The occasion called for 
thanksgiving rather than fasting ; but the work was not yet 
done, and the armor should not be put off till absolute justice 
and righteousness ruled the land. The two prominent dan- 



THE martyr's triumph. 355 

gers before the people were, first, that the re-action of kindly 
feeling towards the rebels should go to the extreme of indiffer- 
ence to the guilt of their treason ; and secondly, that the faith 
in Divine Providence, so wonderfully educated during the last 
four years, should go to the extreme of fatalism, bidding us to 
stand still and see the salvation of God. The rank and file 
of the southern army should be treated with magnanimity, but 
the leaders must not be indulged in their desire to escape from 
justice. He urged the granting of the elective franchise to 
colored loyalists. 

The text of Rev. Mr. St. John was from Revelation 19 : 6. 
"And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as 
the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunder- 
ings, saying, Alleluiah : for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth." 
He first rapidly sketched the progress of the war, and said that 
the dawning of peace was a reason for turning our thanksgiv- 
ing to praise. Our sins, North and South, had involved us in 
war. When we struck at slavery, God gave us success. 

At the Union Church, Rev. Mr. Cutler took for his text, 
Isaiah 33 : 6. "And wisdom and knowledge shall be the 
stability of thy times, and strength of salvation : the fear of 
the Lord is his treasure." His discourse was spoken of by 
the reporter as " excellent and very able." He urged the duty 
incumbent on all citizens to discriminate more clearly in favor 
of upright and Christian men for our offices of trust and honor. 
He eulogized Abraham Lincoln, and expressed his belief in 
the necessity of making notable examples of the originators 
and leaders of the rebellion. The question of extending the 
right of suffrage to the freedmen, was treated in a way very 
friendly to their enfranchisement. 

Such was the observance of the day in Worcester ; and such 
was it, substantially among the loyal millions of the land. On 
the evening of the next day — the fourteenth — the good 
President who had summoned the people to humiliation and 
worship, was fatally shot by the murderer, — John Wilkes 
Booth. He lived insensible, during the night, and died early 
on the morning of Sitarday. The woful intelligence was 



356 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

flashed over the country, as it were in a moment, as the 
"lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the 
west." All over the land the tolling bells turned the morning 
sacrifice of praise into mourning. 

Section II. — Action of the City Government. 
Word came hither in the night that the President was shot, 
and that his life was despaired of; early in the morning it was 
reported that he was dead. His Honor, Mayor Ball, immedi- 
ately issued the following notice : 

"Mayor's Office, April 15, 1865. 

The overwhelming news from Washington, of the assassination of 
President Lincoln and Secretary Seward, bewilders our judgment ; and 
that the people may consult together on the sad event, it is advised that 
all business be suspended for the day, and that the city be draped in 
mourning ; and a public meeting is called to be held in Mechanics Hall, 
at ten a.m., to consider and advise upon this terrible affliction, which has 
so suddenly, from some present unknown cause, fallen upon our land. 
Our citizens are earnestly called upon to mingle no passion with their 
grief, but to calmly wait events, and be prepared to meet the demands of 
the hour, in the spirit of equity and wisdom. Let all good citizens coun- 
sel together for the pubHc good, that confidence in civil government and 
good order may be maintained, and to refrain, in the spirit of true Chris- 
tian manliness, from all passionate displays of revengeful and embittered 
feeling. 

All the clergymen and public speakers in the city are requested to meet 
in the N. E. ante-room, in Mechanics Hall, at half-past nine o'clock, and 
take seats upon the platform. The city council are notified to meet at 
their respective rooms at seven o'clock, a.m. 

Phinehas Ball, Mayor.^'' 

One of the many interesting incidents of the solemn and 
anxious night, after the word came that the president had been 
mortally wounded, was the following. While it was yet dark, 
great numbers, including many of the most prominent gentle- 
men of the city, had gathered in front of the office of the Daily 
Spy, fearfully waiting for further news, when the dispatch 
came that the good president, Abraham Lincoln, could not 
survive. It seemed as if the mourning throng simultaneously 
felt the need of the Almighty's arm to lean upon, and, by 



THE MARTYRS TRIUMPH. 357 

request, the Rev. Joseph Banvarcl offered a most earnest and 
impressive prayer. The people, with uncovered heads, stand- 
ing in the moonht street, joined in his fervent pleadings for 
divine wisdom and strength, in the hour so trying to the 
nation's welfare, and so harrowing to every loyal heart. They 
then quietly dispersed, each one bearing the sorrowful tidings 
to his own waiting group at home. The solemn tolling of the 
bells had apprised all of some great calamity, but none could 
surmise that so great a crime and disaster had entered into 
the annals of our country. There was mourning throughout 
the city, as if a beloved father had been taken away. 

The city council was convened, according to the above order 
of the mayor, at seven o'clock, on Saturday morning, and both 
boards, in joint convention, afcer uniting with Rev. Mr. Rich- 
ardson in an earnest and appropriate prayer, were addressed 
by Mayor Ball, as follows : 

" Gentlemen of the City Council : — We are assembled here this 
morning under the saddest and most overwhehning circumstances that 
have ever called us together in an official capacity. The leader of our na- 
tion has fallen by the hand of the ruthless assassin. The president of our 
beloved country has been murdered by some unknown hand, at an hour 
when, to our human view, we needed most his guidance, his wisdom, and 
his calm direction. For the moment the thought staggers our belief, that 
any man could be found in our whole land, who should be so recreant to 
all moral principle, as thus to outrage every dictate of humanity, and so 
entirely disregard all the protection and shields heretofore thrown around 
official station. From what spirit except that foul spirit of treason which 
has been aiming a death blow at the nation's life for the last four years, 
this awful act has proceeded, at this moment is entirely unknown. How 
large is the plot, what are its acts, or parts of acts, — to what intent 
directed, to what extent it is the index of an organized secret conspiracy 
to ruin the government, cannot now be even surmised, much less defi- 
nitely known. Soon we may know all ; and until we are more detinitely 
informed, and much more can be known by patient impartial investigation 
of the real situation, it is to be hoped that all undue excitement will be 
discountenanced, and all exasperated feelings and demonstrations with- 
held. 

I have called you together under these painful circumstances to consult 
for the public good, for the safety of the city, to advise such measures as 
shall tend to good order and a due respect to the laws, to insure that 



35^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

measure of personal freedom and security which hgs for so long a time 
been the characteristic of our people. For if the present is not the most 
important era in the whole history of the war, it is certainly the most ex- 
citing, and is likely to be the most trying. You are asked not to take 
counsel of your fears, but of your reason and judgment, guided and en- 
lightened by the Spirit of all light and wisdom from on high. The pas- 
sions of men will run high at an unjoaralleled moment like this. And all 
our energies must be bent upon staying the tide of rash passion and un- 
controllable exasperation which may be Hkely to arise upon an occasion 
the like of which has never before happened in our country, nor in any 
other nation under like serious and peculiar circumstances. Victory 
seems at last to have crowned our efforts to crush the rebellion, the enor- 
mity of which no human language can definitely or adequately portray. 
Peace soon seemed to be ready to smile once more on our distracted land. 
At this moment the soul seems bewildered, and knows not where to be- 
stow its confidence. But in this hour of our grief, let us take lessons 
taught us by defeats in the past. When they came, they oppressed our 
whole community with irrepressible grief; but now as light has dawned 
on our hopes, we have seen that these very reverses were only the steps 
in the problem by which the hand of God was conducting us to reap our 
victory, and do justice to our fellow-men. May these experiences in- 
crease our faith, that God is conducting the logic of events for wise ends, 
best known to his holy councils ; that out of all these trials, sorrows and 
reverses, good still may come, and that this may be one of the means used 
by an all-wise and ever-watchful Providence, to secure such vigilance in 
loyal hearts over treason and rebellion in our land, that when peace shall 
at last smile truly upon us, it shall welcome in 'peace on earth and good 
will to men,' in a form of a purer and higher type of Christianity and civ- 
ilization upon this continent, than has ever been known or seen heretofore 
in the nations among men. 

So exciting is the intelligence and so sudden and so recent, that no 
recommendations specially for the occasion have been framed, or yet been 
deemed necessary, but in the exigency of the moment I have deemed it 
best to convene you for special consultation, face to face, that all those 
safeguards may be taken which may insure for the peace and good order 
of our city, and to aid all members of our common country in this trying 
hour. I have called a public meeting at Mechanics Hall, at ten o'clock, 
A.M., which measure I trust, will meet your approbation." 

The council listened with respectful silence and sympathy, 
but all realized that nothing could be done, but to wait the 
progress of the drama, and be ready for any exigency that 
might grow out of the president's death. There was an 
apprehension that the assassination of the chief magistrate of 



THE MARTYRS TRIUMPH. 359 

the nation was but one scene in a drama of revolution and 
blood, and thus anxiety was mingled with grief. But the 
steadiness and resolution of the public mind was equal to the 
bravery and devotion of the soldiery in the war, and soon all 
fears of the violence of the ruffians and their instigators, were 
superseded by calm trust in that Providence which had guarded 
our nation from its infancy. 

Section III. — Mourning in Mechanics Hall. 

The council adjourned to the public meeting in Mechanics 
Hall. In the meantime the excitement hourly increased, and 
when the dispatch was received, not far from eight o'clock, 
officially announcing the death of the president, flags were 
displayed at half-mast, many of them heavily draped in black. 
Stores and public buildings were extensively decorated with 
emblems of mourning. Many of these were of rare and ele- 
gant design, while numerous citizens wore badges of sorrow. 

By order of the mayor, the bells of all the churches were 
tolled from ten to eleven o'clock, and at ten o'clock an immense 
audience assembled in Mechanics Hall, which was appropri- 
atel}^ draped in mourning. The vast audience were silent and 
sorrowful as when called to the funeral of a dear and venerated 
parent. Many distinguished citizens were on the platform. 
Mayor Ball announced the Hon. A. H. Bullock as president 
of the meeting. 

On taking the chair, Mr. Bullock called on the Rev. Dr. 
Sweetser to invoke God's blessing on the stricken people. 
After an impressive prayer, Dr. Sweetser read the forty-sixth 
Psalm. Its appropriateness to the occasion was felt by all 
present, and may be realized now, by reading it, in these 
following words of the " sweet singer of Israel " : 

" God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble. 

Therefore will not we fear, though the earth be removed, and though the 
mountains be carried into the midst of the sea : 

Though the waters thereof roar and be troubled, though the mountains 
shake with the swelling thereof. 

There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God, 
the holy place of the tabernacles of the Most High. 



360 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

God is in the midst of her ; she shall not be moved ; God shall help her 
and that right early. 

The heathen raged ; the kingdoms were moved, he uttered his voice, 
the earth melted. 

The Lord of hosts is with us ; the God of Jacob is our refuge. 

Come, behold the works of the Lord, what desolations he hath made in 
the earth. 

He maketh wars to cease unto the ends of the earth ; he breaketh the 
bow, and cutteth the "spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the 
fire. 

Be still, and know that I am God : I will be exalted among the heathen, 
I will be exalted in the earth. 

The Lord of hosts is with us ; the God of Jacob is our refuge." 

Colonel Bullock then said, with deep emotion, that, in " this 
overwhelming, bewildering hour, speech is impossible," and 
he called upon a choir which was upon the platform, under the 
direction of Prof Stocking, for music. Mr. B. D. Allen pre- 
sided at the organ, and the choir sang the anthem : 

" Almighty Lord, before thy throne. 
Thy mourning people bend." 

" The effect," says the report in the Spy, " was indescrib- 
able. Strong men wept like children, and there seemed to be 
not a person in the hall who was not deeply affected." 

Dr. Sweetser then read the following hymn, which was also 
sung by the choir : 

" Go to the grave in all thy glorious prime — 
In full activity of zeal and power, 
A Christian cannot die before his time : 

The Lord's appointment is the servant's hour. 

Go to the grave ; at noon from labor cease ; 

Rest on thy sheaves ; the harvest task is done ; 
Come from the heat of battle and in peace. 

Soldier, go home, with thee the fight is won. 

Go to the grave ; for there the Saviour lay 

In death's embrace before he rose on high ; 
And all the ransomed, by that narrow way. 

Pass to eternal life beyond the sky. 

Go to the grave ; — no ; take thy seat above ; 
Be thy pure spirit present with the Lord, 



THE martyr's triumph. 361 

Where thou for faith and hope hast perfect love, 
And open vision for the written word." 

" Words cannot paint the scene. It was awfully impressive. 
The measured tolling of the bells mingled with the pealing of 
the organ, and the trembling accents of the singers, almost 
too filled with emotion to perform their parts. The spirit of 
mourning, pathetic and tender, filled all hearts." 

The following hymn was then read by Rev. Mr. Richardson : 

" Servant of God, well done ! 
Rest from thy loved employ ; 
The battle fought, the victory won, 
Enter thy Master's joy. 

The voice at midnight came : 

He started up to hear ; 
A mortal arrow pierced his frame ; 

He fell, but felt no fear. 

Tranquil amid alarms, 

It found him on the field ; 
A veteran slumbering on his arms, 

Beneath his red-cross shield. 

At midnight came the cry, 

' To meet thy God prepare ! ' 
He woke — and caught his Captain's eye ; 

And then, in faith and prayer, — 

His spirit with a bound, 

Left its encumbering clay ; 
His tent at sunrise on the ground, 

A darkened ruin lay. 

The pains of death are past. 

Labor and sorrow cease ; 
And life's long warfare closed at last, 

His soul is found in peace." 

Thus does the spirit of sacred song, whether of recent date, 
or written three thousand years ago, express the sorrow of 
individuals and of nations, and point them to the only refuge. 
Says the report from which so much has already been drawn : 
" Lines more appropriate could hardly have been written, and 
their simplicity, sung to an air familiar to all, was far more 
effective than more labored and classic music could have been. 



362 I WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

It seemed as though there was but one pulse in the vast 
audience, and that rose and fell with the cadence of the music. 
Sobbing was heard in all parts of the house, and the general 
grief testified to the deep affection with which the president 
has been regarded by the people." Colonel Bullock then an- 
nounced that the meeting would adjourn, to be called together 
again at the pleasure of the mayor, and after the benediction 
by Rev. Mr. Richardson, the audience dispersed. 

Section IV. — Mourning in the Churches. 

The next day being the Sabbath, the public exercises almost 
necessarily, and certainly with the utmost propriety, partook 
of a funeral character. A brief sketch will be condensed from 
the reports in the papers of the day. 

At the Church of the Unity, the exercises were of a very 
impressive character. The church was draped heavily with 
mourning emblems, and a handsomely draped flag floated from 
the tower. The choir sang hymns appropriate to the occasion, 
and Rev. Mr. Shippen, the pastor, read portions of the eight- 
eenth, nineteenth and twentieth chapters of Revelation. He 
spoke with deep feeling and most eloquently of the event which 
caused such universal mourning, and of the life and character 
of the wise and noble leader who had so suddenly been taken 
from the nation. He hoped that, in the providence of God, 
good would grow out of this evil. It was a warning voice that 
the nation in its leaning towards mercy should not forget jus- 
tice. His remarks in relation to Mr. Lincoln, who had passed 
from earth in the zenith of his glory, drew tears from many 
eyes. 

At the Old South Church, Rev. Mr. Cruikshank of Spencer, 
who occupied the pulpit, made his discourse applicable to the 
occasion. The house was draped in mourning, and the musical 
selections were solemn and appropriate. 

Rev. Mr. St. John spoke to 'a large congregation at the 
Universalist Church, on the life and services of Mr. Lincoln. 
His words expressed the sadness of all hearts. The church 
was fitly trimmed with emblems of mourning. 



THE martyr's triumph. 363 

At the Main Street Baptist Church, black and white fes- 
toons were tastefully blended, and the pulpit was draped wath 
flags. The pastor, Rev. Mr. Banvard, spoke in the morning 
upon the absorbing events of the past week, especially the 
death of the president, and was earnest and eloquent. 

Rev. Mr. Fox, secretary of the American Unitarian Asso- 
ciation, occupied the pulpit of the First Unitarian Church, 
and dwelt upon the only topic to which the people wished to 
listen on that day. The singing was very fine, and the church 
was elegantly draped. 

Rev. Dr. Sweetser, at the Central Church, made an extem- 
pore address from Psalms 39 : 9. "I was dumb : I opened 
not my mouth, because thou didst it." The church was not 
draped in mourning, but the audience presented the appear- 
ance of deeply affected mourners. 

The Union Church was appropriately draped, and Rev. Mr. 
Cutler delivered an affecting discourse. 

Rev. Mr. Richardson, at the Salem Street Church, gave a 
" powerful and characteristic discourse " in reference to the 
murder of the president. He spoke in terms of earnest admi- 
ration of Abraham Lincoln. The church was draped in black, 
and ivy and white roses were placed about the approach to 
the pulpit. The church was crowded, and extra seats were 
brought in to accommodate the multitude. 

Rev. Mr. Pervear, at the First Baptist Church, (which was 
not draped,) made extended reference to the death of the 
president. His text was Genesis 50 : 20. "As for you, ye 
thought evil against me ; but God meant it unto good." His 
topic was " The Providence of God in the Affairs of Men." 
He urged that in permitting the removal of the president, we 
were not to doubt that the Lord had purposes of mercy. 
" Our prayers for the president," said he, " have not been an- 
swered as we expected or desired, but in a manner which is 
best, for at last he rests in the bosom of his God ; and for the 
country, as God gave Joshua to Israel after Moses had led 
them through the Red Sea, and through the wilderness, so 
will he give us another leader to bring us up into the promised 
land." 



364 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

The Baptist Church on Pleasant Street, and the Episcopal 
Church, were draped in mourning ; and in most if not all the 
other churches in the city, there were suitable manifestations 
of sorrow for the nation's bereavement. 

Rev. Messrs. Richardson, Shippen and Banvard, addressed 
the soldiers at Dale Hospital, in reference to the death of Mr. 
Lincoln. It was a very interesting occasion. The soldiers 
were much affected, and, notwithstanding the solemnity of the 
circumstances, they could not restrain the audible expression 
of their approbation of the remarks addressed to them. 

Rev. Mr. Shippen spoke to the inmates of the jail, on the 
absorbing theme, in the afternoon. As he told the affecting 
story, many of the prisoners shed tears. 

Section V. — The Funeral of Mr. Lincoln. 

Wednesday, April 19, was the day of the funeral solemnities 
in Washington, before the remains of Mr. Lincoln were borne 
in such solemn reverence and affection through the land, to 
their final resting-place in Springfield, Illinois. Governor 
Andrew recommended that the people of the Commonwealth 
should observe the day as a time of mourning, and of paying 
funeral honors to the late chief magistrate of the nation. 
Mayor Ball also issued his official recommendation, in concur- 
rence with the Board of Aldermen, calling upon the citizens 
of Worcester, to suspend all business for the day, in order that 
the occasion might be observed with fitting decorum and due 
solemnities. He invited the various religious denominations 
to meet in their respective places of worship, at noon ; and 
directed that all the bells upon the churches should be tolled 
from half-past eleven to twelve, and from two to three o'clock. 
All having flags were requested to suspend them at half-mast 
during the day. All the public schools were closed, that the 
children might participate in the solemnities of the day. 

In accordance with the above recommendations, which met 
with a universal response, all business was suspended on the 
nineteenth, and great multitudes thronged the various places 
of worship. The Supreme Judicial Court, which was in ses- 



THE martyr's triumph. 365 

sion in this city, on motion of Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, who 
spoke in behalf of the Worcester county bar, adjourned over 
till the next day, that the bench and bar might " pay the last 
tribute of affection and respect to that great and good man, 
so suddenly removed from his high place of usefulness." 

On the morning of the nineteenth, the following lines 
appeared in the Daily Spy. 

IN MEMORIAM. 

BY MISS LUCINDA G. BIGELOW. 

We come, oh ! our Father, a sorrowing nation, 
To thine altar, this morning, in sadness and tears, 

With one burst of sorrow and sore lamentation. 
We bring thee hearts stricken with doubts and with fears. 

For he whom we loved, and with reverence cherished, 

The good and the true, lieth low on his bier ; 
Alas ! for the hopes that in darkness have perished. 

As our sun at bright noon-day went down from its sphere. 

Sublime in his goodness — the simple adorning 

Of truth and uprightness, his royal array ; 
He walked among us, as breaketh the morning 

Through the vapors of night, hanging dark o'er the day. 

And just as his feet touched the beautiful mountain. 

Whence the sweet streams of peace floated far on the air, 
As he tasted one draft from the life-giving fountain 
, Of hope for his country — upspringing and fair ; 

In the fulness of fame, with his ripe honors round him. 
And freedom's pure flame glowing warm in his breast ; 

The red arm of hate and of violence found him. 
And the patriot and martyr has gone to his rest. 

He has gone to his rest, and with deep veneration, 

The tears of a people bedew his cold clay. 
As the cry of the orphan goes up from a nation, 

To Him who alone is its staff and its stay. 

The only employment apparent was arranging funeral 
emblems. All the flags in the city were hung at half-mast, 
and many of them were heavily draped in mourning. The 
city hall and public offices were hung with black, and " nearly 
every building in the city" gave some indication of the general 



366 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

grief. The business portion of Main Street was shrouded 
with mourning colors. The same was true of many stores and 
dweUings on Front, Elm, Pearl, Chestnut, Howard, Summer, 
Green, Portland, Salem and Orange Streets, besides many- 
houses throughout the city. All the supplies of mourning 
decorations and emblems in the stores were exhausted. The 
citizens, almost without exception, wore the sad colors during 
the day, and the locomotives on the railroads, and the horse- 
cars were suitably draped. Mr. Motley has said that when 
" William of Orange was murdered, there was more extensive, 
unaffected and legitimate sorrow than had been felt before for 
any human being." This was written before the murder of 
Mr. Lincoln, who was mourned as deeply and more widely 
than even the good Prince of Orange, the great champion of 
Protestantism and of freedom, in the sixteenth century. For 
it has since been ascertained that Mr. Lincoln was not only 
mourned throughout our land, in Canada and Great Britain, 
in all the civilized nations of America and Europe, but also by 
the dusky tribes on the shores and far into the interior of 
Africa. No man ever, in so short a time, gained such a hold 
upon the confidence and affection of mankind. 

But to return, the bells of the city were tolled as previously 
arranged, and minute guns were fired on the common, by a 
detachment of the State Guards, from two to three o'clock 
p. M., while the funeral cortege was passing from the White 
House through the streets of Washington. The tolling bells, 
the solemn minute guns, the funeral drapery on all the build- 
ings, the flags at half-mast, draped in black, and the stricken 
countenances of the people, united in producing an effect never 
before experienced in Worcester. 

The Union Church was filled to overflowing with a sympa- 
thizing audience. The house was tastefully draped in mourn- 
ing, and thus symbolized the grief of the worshippers. The 
musical exercises, which were excellently rendered, consisted 
of a dirge, " Thy will, O God, be done ; " the hymns, " Thou 
art gone to the grave ; " " Unveil thy bosom, faithful tomb," 
sung to the solemn chant of the " Dead March in Saul." In 



THE martyr's triumph. 36/ 

addition to solemn and appropriate prayers, the Rev. Mr. 
Cutler delivered a discourse prepared for the occasion, and 
highly appropriate. The text was from Second Chronicles 
32 : 33. "And Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and they 
buried him in the chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of 
David ; and all Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem did 
him honor at his death." 

He indicated, in the opening of his discourse, how much 
President Lincoln was to the nation, alike the representative 
of authority and justice, and the anointed of the Lord for 
this purpose. He continued substantially, as follows : 

" When the tidings of his death came, how the throne of grace was peti- 
tioned for mercy to an afiiicted and perplexed people. He illustrated how 
nations honored their rulers in death, first by spontaneous and sincere 
grief, as in the case of Saul, Moses, and Hezekiah, also President Lincoln, 
who was honored thus in a degree seldom accorded to the departed 
potentates and rulers of the nations ; secondly, by burying him in the 
chiefest of the sepulchres, as in the case of Hezekiah, but which in this 
nation, is determined by the highest respect of the people ; third, by the 
history of his Hfe and deeds. A few as Moses, David, Solomon, Hezekiah 
of the Jews, and Pericles of the Greeks, shine down through the long 
vista of the ages. Such is the honor of Washington, and such will be the 
honor of him whose decease the nation mourns to-day. His history will 
be written not for partisan purposes, but for the nation and for the world. 
His history for the last four years, will be the history of the country, and 
his honor will henceforth be identified with the honor of the nation during 
its greatest perils and its greatest triumphs. He spoke of the way in 
which a people may honor a ruler in his death by forgetting his frailties, 
and remembering his excellencies, and the obligation on us to feel this 
bereavement as a chastisement for our profit. 

President Lincoln has fallen a martyr to the principles of a free govern- 
ment. The assassination is not that of a man merely : it is the attempted 
assassination of the loyal people of the land. The crime is not the pro- 
duct of one man's diabolical mahgnity ; it is the culmination of cowardly 
treason, whose roots entered into the hearts of a thousand rebel conspira- 
tors. That spirit was sown by the Evil One in the heart of the southern 
oligarchy, and has been nurtured by cruelty and crime till the poisonous 
exhalations of its foliage have proved fatal to tens and hundreds of thou- 
sands of our patriotic countrymen, and now with a branch of it, a fatal 
blow has fallen upon the head of the nation. How long, O how long, 
shall treason go unwhipped of justice ! Wlien shall the deadly upas-tree 



368 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

be torn from its roots by a blast of the Almighty, and the atmosphere 
of the continent be purged of its malaria ! The one event which was 
perhaps needed to bring the government to an appreciation of its stern 
duty, has occurred. Until the president was slain, the iniquity of the 
Amorites was not yet full. It is now apparent that treason is the blackest 
crime in the catalogue. It is apparent too that every new development of 
it is only enhancing its terrible recompense. Many traitors themselves 
now see it, and feel it, and from fear of the more terrible consequences to 
themselves, are mourners to-day over the victim of their own madness. 
Not in passion, however, not in the spirit of retaliation or revenge, but in 
calmness and dignity of outraged righteous law and authority, must the 
majesty of the government be vindicated. ' The Lord God omnipotent 
reigneth ; and let all the people say. Amen.' 

No, it will not be in vain that to-day, as the meridian shall move over 
the continent, the funeral concourse of the lamented chief magistrate shall 
be gathered from every dwelling into every sanctuary, from the most 
eastern coast of Maine to the most western of California and Oregon, 
chanting the dirges of their grief, and offering their supplications to the 
God of all grace ; mourning not for him whose remains now lie in the 
repose of death, and whose spirit has passed beyond the reach of calumny 
and encomium alike, where the wicked cease from troubling and the weary 
are at rest, — but for themselves and their beloved country. Never before 
had any ruler such honor in his death as is given this day to him whom 
treason thought to consign to eternal misery, but whom loyalty enshrines 
in the bosom of renewed affection, and renders immortal as the martyr 
whose blood shall prove to be the seed of a hundred-fold increase of that 
liberty, which is both the manifestation and the guardian of righteous 
law. As the funeral procession from the presidential mansion to the 
capitol, and from the capitol to the railway station, and from the station 
to the far-distant tomb, shall be represented by all offices, and all pro- 
fessions, and all classes, and all the states, it shall be but the type of that 
large procession whose breath is coincident with loyalty from the lakes 
to the gulf, and whose length is the distance from the Atlantic to the Paci- 
fic sea. 

Fitting, too, is his grave in the heart of our territorial domain. By vir- 
tue of the character and deeds and significant death of him whose remains 
it shall contain, it will be the chiefest of the sepulchers of the sons of 
David ; and from generation to generation it will be visited by patriot 
pilgrims to refresh their remembrance of the price of their liberties, and of 
the necessity of eternal vigilance for their preservation. The stone which 
shall be erected to mark his last earthly resting-place, shall dissolve and 
crumble as the dust it shall cover, before his memory shall perish from 
the admiring hearts of the liberty-loving and law-abiding millions of the 
ages yet to come. After grief shall have been assuaged, and peace and 



THE martyr's triumph. 369 

order established, and time for calm reflection afforded, and that distance 
from the present gained which is essential to estimate aright the emergen- 
cies through which the country has passed and is passing, and the men 
whom Providence called to be prominent and conspicuous actors in the 
scene, some future generation shall produce another Greenough to em- 
body his memory in speaking marble from the capitol, and another and 
more eloquent Everett to enrapture his countrymen with his eulogy, and 
another and more entrancing Irving to write his biography for the world. 
His martyrdom will be seen to be rooted deep as the inalienable rights of 
mankind, and will yet bear fruit for the healing of the nation. The despot- 
isms of the world shall disappear before the progress of those just princi- 
ples now baptized in the blood of a more than royal martyr ; and Ethiopia 
shall yet stretch out her hands unto God in thanksgiving for the name and 
memory of him whom Heaven appointed to proclaim liberty unto them 
that were bound : and all nations shall look up to this, and in admiring 
wonder acknowledge that the idea which is typified in the star-spangled 
banner has at length been realized, 

* O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.' " 

The Central Church (Dr. Sweetser's) was richly and ele- 
gantly draped for this occasion. An ornamental flagstaff was 
placed over the portico, and from it was suspended a silken 
flag of the Union, relieved with black drapery. Heavy fes- 
toons of black and white cloth were entwined upon the columns 
in front. Similar festoons ran along the entire front of the 
galleries, and the organ was enveloped in the ample folds of a 
flag. The draping of the pulpit and its surroundings was in 
exquisite taste. Rich vases of flowers mingled their hues 
with the mass of white and black, and harmonized the whole. 

The congregation was immense. At twelve o'clock, the 
Highland Cadets, with full ranks, each member wearing crape 
on his arm, marched into the church to the beating of muffled 
drums. The services were opened by the choir, who sang the 
following hymn : 

" It is the Lord — behold his hand 

Outstretched with an afflictive rod : 
And hark ! a voice goes through the land — 
' Be still and know that I am God.' " 

Selections of Scripture were then read, among which were 
the passages describing the mourning of Israel on the death 

24 



370 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

of Aaron, and of Moses, and of Abner, and those from the 
New Testament which are usually read at the burial of the 
dead. The choir next sang the hymn " In Memoriam," given 
on a preceding page, which was written by a lady of the con- 
gregation for the occasion. The report says in continua- 
tion : 

" Dr. Sweetser then pronounced an address that occupied scarcely ten 
minutes, but in that brief space of time he uttered such words of pathos 
as mehed all hearts. ' We have come to bury our dead. We have lost a 
father ; and with all the people of this Union we have come together as 
one family to mourn our bereavement.' These words struck the key-note 
of the brief discourse, and at once attuned the soul of the congregation in 
full unison with the deeper spirit of the occasion. We should vainly 
attempt to give a synopsis of a discourse which had no parts, and the 
words of which were lost in the effect they produced. Rather than a dis- 
course it was an introduction to the long and impressive prayer that 
followed. The expressions of grief with which the prayer commenced, 
were succeeded by prolonged thanksgivings for all that God has given us in 
giving Abraham Lincoln, his life, his character, his deeds, his successes ; 
and the prayer was concluded with supplications in behalf of the bereaved 
family, and President Johnson. The choir then chanted the ninetieth 
Psalm, that prayer of Moses, by the solemn grandeur of which no human 
heart ever yet remained unmoved : — ' Lord, thou hast been our dwelling 
place in all generations.' As the last strains died away, and the benedic- 
tion concluded the solemn service, the congregation retired, never again to 
assemble on a like occasion." 

Rev. John J. Putnam, then of Roxbury, delivered an appro- 
priate address at the First Unitarian Church. Rev. Dr. Hill, 
the pastor, had been absent, visiting the army at Richmond, 
but unexpectedly returned in season to take part in the exer- 
cises. The church was elegantly draped, and the music was 
suited to the occasion. 

The three Baptist societies united in one service, which was 
held in the Pleasant Street Church, the Rev. Messrs. Barvard, 
Weston and Pervear participating in the exercises. The pul- 
pit was heavily draped, and in the centre appeared a portrait 
of Mr. Lincoln encircled with flowers and wreaths. 

The services at the Episcopal Church embraced solemn 
litanies, the burial service, and the special prayer by the 



THE martyr's triumph, 37I 

bishop of the diocese of Massachusetts, Dr. Eastburn, for the 
occasion. The mourning drapery was gracefully arranged. 

At St. John's Church, Temple Street, the high altar was 
draped in mourning. At nine o'clock, a.m., the mass, with 
solemn dirges and litanies, was celebrated, by Rev. Mr. 
O'Reilly and the choir. At noon, there were other solemn 
services, including the "De Profundis," sung by the choir, 
and prayers for the nation in this time of calamity. The pas- 
tor made a brief address in eulogy of Mr. Lincoln, and 
expressing strong detestation towards the assassin of the ruler 
of our people. The choir then sang " Ave Maria," and " The 
Dying Christian to his Soul," with fine effect. 

The services at the Church of the Unity, consisted of read- 
ing passages of Scripture, prayers for the bereaved nation, and 
choice music, all appropriate to the occasion. Flags and 
mourning emblems draped the church. 

The Universalist Church, which was draped by the national 
flag, and adorned with a portrait of Mr. Lincoln, encircled 
with mourning emblems, was well filled. The services were 
chants, hymns, scriptures and prayer. The occasion was one 
of deep solemnity to the vast throng of people present. 

Rev. Mr. Richardson, who had already preached concerning 
the President's death, conducted appropriate services at the 
Salem Street Church. He read selections of Scripture, and 
offered prayer. The choir sang appropriate hymns with great 
solemnity and effect. The house was crowded, and the audi- 
ence deeply moved by the solemn exercises. 

Similar services, all appropriate to the day, were held in the 
Methodist churches on Park and Laurel Streets, in the Mis- 
sion Chapel, the Friend's Meeting-house, and in St. Anne's 
Church. " All the churches were well attended, and the day 
was characterized by the deepest solemnity among all 
classes." 

Section VI. — Action of the Antiquarian Society. 
At a meeting of the American Antiquarian Society, [held 
in Boston,] on the twenty-sixth of April, the Hon. Levi Lin- 



372 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

coin, with a few heartfelt and impressive words, offered the 
following resolutions for record, as the sentiments of the soci- 
ety in regard to the death of the President of the United 
States. 

" Resolved, That in the death of Abraham Lincohi, the honored and 
beloved chief magistrate of this nation, by the hand of a miscreant assas- 
sin, a deplorable calamity has been brought upon the government and 
people of the United States, and personal grief to the heart of every loyal 
citizen in the land. 

Resolved, That in the election of Abraham Lincoln to the office of 
president of the United States, and in his administration of the govern- 
ment, during a most threatening and perilous crisis of affairs, the country 
has found protection and safe guidance, the people have been saved from 
anarchy, and the nation from disunion. Through his wisdom, and patriot- 
ism, and constancy, and moral heroism, traitors have been awed, and 
rebeUion repressed ; our armies have triumphed, and peace as we trust, 
is about to be restored to a bleeding and suffering land. 

Resolved, That the character of our late chief magistrate was distin- 
guished by all the attributes of a great and good man. As a statesman 
he comprehended the vast interests and discerned the threatening dangers 
of the nation, while his policy and his measures gave efficiency to the 
mandates of authority, and inspired patriotism, courage, and confidence 
in the people. His love of liberty was as intense as his devotion of ser- 
vices to country, and he labored to secure to the humblest citizen the 
rights enjoyed by the most favored. His Hfe was made illustrious by 
exemplary purity and the manly virtues, and furnishes an instructive 
example to all future time, of the inappreciable glory of private worth 
crowned with public honors. 

Resolved, That in the terrible 'strife of civil warfare through which the 
nation is now passing, the wisdom of his counsels, the firmness of his 
resolves, the calm consistency and unfaltering energy of his action, all 
conspiring to the maintenance of constitutional government, and the 
preservation of the integrity of the nation, and blessed, of the good provi- 
dence of God, to that end, will inscribe in letters of light, on the record of 
history, the name of Abraham Lincoln, as the Conservator of the 
Republic." 

The above resolutions having been recorded, the Hon. 
Stephen Salisbury, President of the Society, made a brief but 
impressive address, which concluded as follows : 

" In all this night of suffering and trial, this nation has been led by the 
hand that guides the stars, in a way it knew not, to objects which it would 



THE MARTYRS TRIUMPH. 373 

not have attempted to reach. And when the harbor of enduring peace 
and prosperity seemed to be in near prospect, the beloved pilot, who only 
was deemed to be competent to his herculean task, was slain at the helm. 
While we weep, we will thank God, that not a spar nor a plank has been 
displaced, and our course is steady and unchanged. Our own poet must 
have seen in vision : — 

' Sail on, sail on, O ship of state ! 
Sail on, O Union strong and great ! 
Humanity with all its fears, 
With all the hopes of future years. 
Is hanging breathless on thy fate ; 
In spite of rock and tempest's roar, 
In spite of false lights on the shore, 
Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea, 
Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee." 

The resolutions were then unanimously adopted by a rising 
vote. 

Section VII. — Resolves of the City Government. 
The action of the City Government, which was postponed 
at the meeting held on the morning when the news of Mr. 
Lincoln's death was received, was completed at a meeting on 
the evening of May i., when a set of resolutions, prepared at 
the request of the Mayor, by the Hon. Levi Lincoln, was 
unanimously adopted, and ordered to be entered in full on the 
journals. The preamble and resolutions were all appropriate 
to the times, and were expressed with all the terseness and 
vigor which characterize all the productions of the honored 
author. The resolutions which were of permanent interest 
are here inserted. 

" Resolved, That we bow in humble submission to the Divine Providence 
which has permitted the beloved and honored Chief Magistrate of the 
nation, Abraham Lincoln, to be taken by the hand of violence from the 
scenes of his labors, and from the scenes of our national triumphs, at a 
moment when all eyes were turned to him for the firmness, wisdom and 
discretion, which had guided us through four years of civil war, and which, 
we beHeved, would guide us as safely through all the difiiculues of restora- 
tion and stability to this government. 

Resolved, That we desire to record our devout gratitude to God, that he 
granted to the people of the United States, in this historical crisis, a 
Chief Magistrate whose character becomes a rich and lasting legacy to 



374 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

this and succeeding generations ; whose pure and Christian life, whose 
patriotic aims and purposes, whose temper blending the qualities of justice 
and mercy, whose conduct as a ruler acting on his own convictions, but 
not neglecting the wise counsels of others, will transmit his name and his 
fame second only in the line of presidents to those of the beloved and 
lamented Washington. 

Resolved, That in this hour of national bereavement, when the first im- 
pulses of all loyal hearts are those of disma}^ and terror, it now, more than 
ever before, becomes the duty of every true citizen to stand, with renewed 
firmness and courage, by the government and Union of our fathers, to the 
end that all the traitors of this country, and all the people of the world, 
shall peixeive and know that the death of our president cannot retard, for 
one hour, the majestic power and progress of our government ; and that 
its victory, over all its enemies, whether at home or abroad, is not less cer- 
tain now than when Abraham Lincoln stood in hfe at its helm. 

Resolved, That we turn with pride and joy to the fact, that while the 
nation is bereaved, its history is not interrupted ; that under our glorious 
constitution one president succeeds another, as surely and as grandly as 
one's days sun succeeds the preceding ; that when Lincoln died Johnson 
succeeded to his place, that our government goes on, our armies march to 
victory, and our history moves on its sublime mission as surely to-day as 
when the late Chief Magistrate was witness with Grant to the fall of Rich- 
mond ; and that we call upon our fellow-citizens to return from the scenes 
of mourning to rejoice again under the national flag, to render the encour- 
agement and support to President Johnson which they rendered to Presi- 
dent Lincoln, and to cultivate, after the hour of gloom, sentiments of 
courage and cheerfulness, and faith that Almighty God has in store for 
the United States a future of perpetual beneficence and glory. 

Resolved^ That throughout the length and breadth of the land, from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific, and from the northern lakes to the Gulf of 
Mexico, there can be but one nation ; and the whole people must be 
free." 

Section VI IL — Final Services in honor of Mr. Lincoln. 

In accordance with the Proclamation of President Johnson, 
funeral honors to Mr. Lincoln were paid throughout the land 
on the first day of June, 1865. According to an arrange- 
ment of the City Government, solemn and affecting services 
were held in this city, in Mechanics Hall, on that day, at half 
past two o'clock, p.m. In addition, there were appropriate 
observances in several places of public worship. The record 
of these will come first in order. 



THE martyr's triumph. 3/5 

Services in Churches. 

Several of the churches were open for service, but as nearly 
all the clergymen had already preached in reference to the 
life, death, and character of Mr. Lincoln, only a few of them 
delivered sermons at this time. There were meetings for 
prayer at the Baptist churches, and also at the Park and 
Laurel Street Methodist churches. At Zion's Church, Rev. 
Mr. Davis delivered an appropriate sermon. At the Mission 
Chapel a meeting for prayer and consultation was held, when 
resolutions expressing thanks to Almighty God for the over- 
throw of slavery, and asserting the right of the freedmen to 
the suffrage, were passed. At the Catholic churches high 
mass was said in the morning, large audiences being present. 

At the Park Street Church, Rev. J. A. Mansfield, from the 
text in Rev. 19: 6 — "The Lord God omnipotent reigneth !" 
showed the special providences of God for this nation in the 
provision of men and funds for the war, in preventing foreign 
intervention, and in giving us Abraham Lincoln for president ; 
and that we ought to trust Providence in the work before us. 
He hoped the nation would be unable to take one step towards 
reorganization, until the African was recognized as a man. 
The time had come when God's image must be respected, 
whether cut in ebony or alabaster. 

The services at the Central church were opened with a 
dirge on the death of Mr. Lincoln. The words and music 
were by Mr. J. W. Turner. 

" Mournful ! O tearful ! Columbia to-day ! " 

After the invocation, the ancient version of the ninety- 
seventh psalm by Tate and Brady was sung : 

" Jehovah reigns ; let all the earth 
In his just government rejoice ; " 

Dr. Sweetser then read the twenty-sixth chapter of Isaiah, 
and offered prayer. " Jehovah reigns, his throne is high," was 
sung, after which Dr. Sweetser preached from Psalm 9: 16 — 
" The Lord is known by the judgment which he executeth ; 
the wicked is snared in the work of his own hands." As he 



37^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

had already delivered an elaborate and admirable discourse in 
relation to President Lincoln, and as Col. Bullock was to deliver 
a eulogy in the afternoon, he turned the attention of his 
hearers to some of the results of the war, and the aspects of 
our national affairs. He illustrated the following points. 

I. "In the progress of the war, moral truth has been enforced by mate- 
rial events. 2. God's providence has quickened the sense of justice. 
3. The doctrine of punishment has been brought into a clearer light. 
Under the second head, he pronounced emphatically in favor of impartial 
suffrage, urging that we should need all the squadrons of freedom to per- 
petuate our liberties." 

At the Union Church, the Rev. Mr. Cutler, leaving the 
eulogy of Mr. Lincoln to the eloquent gentleman to whom 
that service had been assigned, introduced his discourse by 
these words from Exodus 18: 11 — "Now I know that the 
Lord is greater than all gods, for in the thing wherein they 
dealt proudly, he was above them." He proceeded to trace 
the providence of God in behalf of the nation and of Mr. Lin- 
coln in the time of trial. 

" Mr. Lincoln's nomination as a candidate for the presidency furnished 
but the occasion for southern men to concentrate against him their spite 
as the representative of northern sentiment. His selection as a candidate, 
almost unknown as he was, could only be considered as a direct interposi- 
tion of God, who had raised him up as he raised up Moses, for the great 
work to be done. The plots to assassinate the president before his inau- 
guration, were averted by divine interposition. This conspiracy had never 
been abandoned, and the hand of Providence had constantly interposed to 
save him until his great work was done, and he could safely be spared. 
He was saved to the nation until the doomed city of the confederacy had 
fallen, and he had walked its streets, receiving the enthusiastic greetings 
of the oppressed people whose friend he had ever been. 

In like manner Mr. Lincoln was but the gentle, patient, persevering 
agent of Providence for the great task of emancipation, and through exe- 
cutive moderation combined with a firm purpose, prevented a too precipi- 
tate adoption of the act of freedom. He was a man of prayer who 
searched the word of God for light. His official acts were more than 
those of any president since Washington peculiarly his own, and com- 
pelled at last the admiration of foreign governments, and the respect of his 
opponents at home. . . . 

As we look back on the events of the last four years, we feel that there 



THE MARTYRS TRIUMPH. 377 

was in all a divine interposition such as to confound the wisest. God had 
a purpose in all, and would not permit the sword to be sheathed until it 
had been secured. As of old, the seven plagues had passed, and the, 
time had come when he made use of the southern Pharaoh to deliver his 
people. The rebels were allowed to develop their power to the utmost 
that it might dwindle and leave them without resources ; they threatened 
the North with detestation and beggary, and were themselves taken in 
their own devices ; they attempted to burn northern cities, and in mad- 
ness they burned their own. Their boasted aristocracy, chivalry and 
refinement, has been shown and proved to be barbarism, cruelty and 
cowardice. President Lincoln, though dead, lives in the reverent memory 
of his countrymen and of the world. . . , 

While God has been thus merciful to the nation, let us not refuse to 
recognize his hand in the past, and trust him in the future. Let us not 
forget the salutary lessons of Providence, but, relying on his favor, let us 
act our part as citizens of this nation, and learn to cut away the great 
iniquity which caused the sword to be drawn, that law may be revered 
and civil war averted." 

At the Old South Church a large congregation had assem- 
bled to listen to a discourse from the pastor, Rev. Edward 
Walker, who had just returned from a visit to Europe. As 
this young, but genial, able and devoted minister was, not 
long after, compelled to leave his pastorate, vainly to seek the 
prolongation of his life by repose and the vivifying force of 
another climate, there are many who fondly cherish his mem- 
ory, and will recall the services of this day with interest. He 
was assisted in the devotional exercises by Rev. Mr. Richard- 
son, of the Salem Street Church. After an appropriate vol- 
untary by the choir, Mr. Walker read from the prophet 
Samuel, how King David and the people mourned the death 
of Abner, and also the forty-sixth Psalm : " God is our refuge 
and strength.," Then followed a long and earnest prayer by 
Mr. Richardson. The choir sang the hymn, " Servant of God, 
well done." 

Mr Walker, like other speakers, took care not to trench on 
the ground belonging to the orator of the day. Having been 
in Europe at the time of the, assassination of Mr. Lincoln, he 
concluded to speak of events connected with the reception of 
the news, of which events he was an eye-witness. 



378 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

'• The first news they had of the assassination of President Lincoln came to 
lliem in Venice, and in the utter helplessness of the hour, the loyal Ameri- 
cans were silent and paralyzed, while the southern sympathizers were loud 
in their belief in the speedy downfall of the American republic. In Turin 
we found the Chamber of Deputies draped in black, and the deepest feelings 
coming from the hearts of the people everywhere expressed. No death 
since that of Count Cavour had produced so profound an effect. Indi- 
vidual instances were adduced of the sorrow manifested among the Italian 
patriots, one of whom walked to and fro in his room all night, overcome 
with the fear that there was now no hope for liberty in Europe. The one 
exception in the midst of the general sorrow was Mr. Mason, of Virginia, 
the embodiment of the spirit of rebellion and malice, who refused to 
mourn. No one thing more than this opened the eyes of Europe to the 
true spirit of the rebellion. . . . 

He said that the news of Mr. Lincoln's death affected him like a per- 
sonal bereavement. He never knew the president, and had not been slow 
to attribute to him certain peculiarities of manner ; but when gone he 
found he had been leaning on him as on a father. President Lincoln had 
frequently been Hkened to Moses, in his leading the people almost to the 
promised land ; but a more important analog)' was to be found, in the 
fact that Cod chose Moses who was slow of speech, and in the same way 
chose Lincoln, who was honest and simple, and not then known among 
the statesmen. He always kept the ship of state a little back of the crest 
of the wave of public opinion. Some more impatient wasted themselves in 
spray, while yet others were way back in the trough of the sea. But he 
was never too fast, never too slow. 

The aristocratic talk he met with three months ago was, that if Mr. Lin- 
coln were to die, our country would fall into the hands of a military des- 
potism. So in the providence of God it became necessary for the cause 
of liberty to show that the source of democratic power lay behind the 
statecraft of one individual. So God seems to have overruled the death of 
President Lincoln for the good of all nations. Mr. Walker described 
vividly how, after the news of the assassination had been received, the next 
news was eagerly looked for ; and how when it came, those who believed 
America was to end in a military despotism were confounded. In Mr. 
Lincoln the great problem of popular liberty w-as wrought out, and irrevo- 
cably demonstrated in his death. He died at the most advanced epochal 
point of the world. In him shall all the nations be blessed." 

The Rev. Mr. Richardson made the concluding prayer, giv- 
ing thanks for the life of such a man as President Lincoln, 
and that he had been spared to see the end of the great strug- 
gle ; and he prayed that the spirit of the departed president 



THE MARTYR S TRIUMPH. 379 

might abide on the nation, and go forth to all the world ; and 
that the world might behold the true principles of liberty, and 
that his mantle might rest on our present chief magistrate. 

Services in Mechanics Hall. 

By previous arrangement, Worcester as a municipality 
united with the whole loyal portion of our country, in paying 
the last honors to the beloved president, and evinced " in the 
most formal and imposing manner the great sorrow which 
thrilled all souls, and had been ineffaceably engraven on all 
loyal hearts." At half past two o'clock the hall was thronged 
by a solemn audience, and the " hushed, quiet appearance of 
the vast assembly spoke unmistakably of the awe and reverence 
which had impressed all classes of our community." The 
people could not do too much to signify their love and admira- 
tion for Mr. Lincoln, and they came from their several places 
of worship into the great hall to mingle their tears once more, 
and again to render their tribute of tender and respectful 
homage. 

The platform was occupied by the most honored and dis- 
tinguished citizens, and an immense choir composed of the 
Worcester Mozart Society, and all the church choirs in the 
city, under the direction of Mr. B. D. Allen, who presided at 
the organ. The members of the city government were 
seated on the floor of the hall. 

After a voluntary on the organ, the Hon. Phinehas Ball, 
mayor, who presided on the occasion, spoke as follows : — 

" Members of the City Council, Ladies and Gentlemen : — 
These services need few introductory words of mine. But tliere is a 
speech that is a proper prelude on an occasion like this. It is that voice, 
that utterance, where the spirit communes reverently with the unseen, and 
where, through these mysterious and unseen influences, the devout and 
chastened soul feels that in all the amazing and appalling events of Hfe, 
God still reigns and rules for good among the affairs of men. That voice 
is the utterance of prayer, in which you are asked to join with the Rev. 
Dr. Hill." 

After the prayer, the choir performed, with fine effect, the 
choral from " Elijah," " Cast thy burden upon the Lord." 



380 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Appropriate selections from the Bible were then read by 
Rev. Ebenezer Cutler. The quartette choir of All Saints 
Church next sang the following requiem, which was written for 
the occasion by the rector of that church, Rev. William R. 
Huntington. 

REQUIEM. 

[manoah.] 

" The Father of a people sleeps : 
His patient toil is done ; 
For us accustomed watch he keeps 
No more beneath the sun. 

He dealt in mercy with his foes ; 

He made the bondsman free ; 
Lord, as he did it unto those, 

He did it unto Thee. 

He braved the long, tempestuous night ; 

He watched the reddening sky ; 
He tasted victory with the light, 

Then bowed his head to die. 

With booming gun, and tolling bell, 

We've borne him to the grave, 
Through the broad land he loved so well, 

The land he wrought to save. 

Ye prairie winds, breathe low his dirge ! 

From all ye mountains gray ! 
With mournful cadence, mighty surge, 

Beat the long coasts to-day ! 

Our tongues are stilled ; we only know 

The Judge of All does right, 
With tears, the precious seed we sow ; 

Lord, make our harvest white." 

The Hon. Alexander H. Bullock, the speaker of the House 
of Representatives, and since the thrice-elected governor of 
the Commonwealth, was introduced to the audience, and for 
more than two hours held the vast company in charmed 
silence while he depicted the life, the services, the providential 
leadings, the character, the talents, and the death of President 
Lincoln. His oration ranks among the first of those delivered 
on the same occasion, by our greatest orators in different 




(i2/c^ c^. 



THE martyr's triumph. 38 1 

parts of the country. If it were not easily accessible, and 
were not destined to hold a permanent place in our national 
literature, the author of this work would crave the privilege of 
inserting it here to the last syllable. But as there is no 
necessity for this, a few extracts will be given for the pleasure 
of those who may not see the oration in full. The opening 
paragraphs are given without abridgment as follows : — 

"It would be a painful suppression of one of the finest of human 
instincts, and an unbecoming disregard of the official proclamation of the 
chief magistrate, if this city were not among the foremost to accord its 
voice to the personal cry of the nation. Never before, in high joy or deep 
grief, has the normal simplicity of America given way to such pageant 
grandeur. The great fountains of public sorrow have been broken up, 
and a whole people have turned out to herald their president returning in 
silence to the dust of the prairie. I look back over forty centuries for the 
like of this. My eye discerns no fit resemblance in anything which the 
conceits of heathen mythology have transmitted, not in that mythical sym- 
pathy of the Tiber for Marcellus, fortunate recipient of such honor, — nor 
in the many memorial Italian marbles and temples, — nor in all the tasteful 
pomp which has conducted French kings to their imperial sleep, and has 
made their capital a vast lettered monument to its one great departed, 
— nor in the drum beat, and cathedral service, and royal guard, which 
have escorted English monarchs from the palace to the abbey. The 
earliest and latest age alone meet now in comparison of mournful 
pageantry. The Orient and the West, the third of Hebrew patriarchs and 
the sixteenth president, four thousand years apart, are pictured before us 
to-day in the same spectacle and lesson of a nation following a just and 
true ruler to his tomb. 

I do not suppose that in all the intervening period, fretted and gilded as 
it has been with art and culture, anything like the passage of the herald- 
corpse of Jacob from his death-bed to the field and cave of his fathers, 
in public turn-out, and general lamentation, and sincerity of grief, has 
occurred before until now. To the two thousand descendants of that 
deceased, to all those sent forth by his premier-son, the most munificent 
of the line of Egyptian kings ordered all the public men of his country to 
report for additional escort on the long and patient and solemn march. 
Chariots and horsemen, men and maidens, the grim visages of age and 
the dusky beauty of youth, in lengthened procession, with palms and 
music, and benediction, in behalf of that early world, paid the last tribute 
to a great and just benefactor, to a builder of empire. Measuring the 
days by their solemn tramp and their halts for condolence, the swarthy 
column moved on over two hundred miles, and laid their treasured hero in 
the august repository of the first and second of his line. 



382 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

That oriental retinue of bereavement and sublimity has been matched 
and eclipsed within this last lunar month. Dying without the conscious- 
ness but with all the pathos of his eastern exemplar and progenitor, the 
foremost man of this western world has been carried to his rural rest 
beyond the mountains and near the great river. Awhile he lay in state at 
the capital where he fell, that all classes might gather about, to learn the 
lessons of historical providence and witness the presence of God. His 
dust, garnered beneath richest canopies, preceded by raven-waving 
plumes, and flanked by reverse arms of the flower-youth of the land, has 
been borne on triumphal route through the chief cities of a continent. 
The Monumental City opened her gates in love, which four years before 
would have closed them against him, if she had known his coming. Inde- 
pendance Hall struck its bell, and the dismal undulations spread through 
half a million of hearts as he passed by. The great emporium of the 
North, which had made a jest of much of his life in office, bowed as a 
unit, like a stricken child, and paid such honors to his passing shade as 
nowhere have been witnessed on the earth. Still onward and westward, 
a thousand miles yet to go, surrounded by vast throngs, all and every- 
where reverential, all and everywhere casting choicest flowers upon the 
pathway of the dead, — as if twenty millions had assembled to make ova- 
tion before the corporeal symbol of a benefactor — your president was 
taken to his last abode, where he shall rest till the dead shall rise at the 
call of the archangel." 

The orator then sketched the early life of Mr. Lincoln, his 
obscurity, his struggles, his honesty, his simplicity, and his 
unprecedentedly sudden rise to power and fame, when the 
time had come for him to do the work of an all-wise Provi- 
dence. In speaking of the divine interposition in our behalf, 
as seen in Mr. Lincoln's nomination for the presidency, Mr. 
Bullock used these words. 

" Fortunate, providential selection ! Any other apparently would have 
shipwrecked the Ark of the Covenant. If you consider how inevitable are 
the jealousies of the West towards the East, to which we must always 
submit, and which we must always palliate since we cannot prevent or 
remove them, — if especially, you reflect what a band of fate that Father 
of Waters is to us all, and how we must keep peace and conciliation with 
those river gods if we expect unity, prosperity, and glory, — if you freshly 
remember how, since this war began the people of the West, though their 
sons were dying in the same trenches and in the same hospitals with ours,' 
have thought and said that we were reaping the greater benefits of the 
sacrifice, — you will agree with me that none but a western president 
could have kept our armies, our voters, and our hearts united amid the 



THE martyr's triumph. 383 

afflictions and reverses that have rolled their thunders and their floods 
over us. And so the hand of our father's God interposed against our 
calculations five years ago at the City of the Lakes." 

He then spoke of the spirit in which Mr. Lincoln accepted 
his nomination, and when elected, entered upon the duties of 
his great office, when the Union was crumbling into frag- 
ments. He instanced his judgment, his tact, his patience, his 
clear insight, his stout-hearted fortitude, his fairness, his 
humility, his free distribution of praise to those whose coun- 
sels he sometimes had occasion to confess were wiser than his 
own, and his genial humor, which daily dropped pregnant 
witticisms into the great sea of national thought, and dispersed 
them all over the country, as the circles of water spread to the 
remotest shore, or the harmless lightning of the evening sky 
shines over the whole heavens. After paying due tribute to 
the wonderful reasoning faculty of Mr. Lincoln, and his still 
more wonderful mastery of style, both in speech and with the 
pen, and extolling the magnanimity of his unselfish and unen- 
vious soul, he spoke as follows in regard to the president's 
religious character. 

" He believed in God. You know how he left his home for Washing- 
ton, in February, 1861, in his parting words requesting that his neighbors 
would array in his support the mysterious power of the legions of prayer, 
and after he had assumed his high trust at the capital, he cultivated that 
religious life which is the best guarantee of a nation's triumph. While war, 
according to its prescriptive laws, opened all the avenues of inconsidera- 
tion and levity to others, he drew his consolations and refreshed his cour- 
age at the never-failing fountains of Divine Mercy. It was this, added to 
his humorous and sunny views, which bore him upward and onward 
through such a regime of four years as never had been allotted to a head 
that wore a crown. And therefore all the people believed in him. More 
distinctly than any other president since Washington, he irradiated the 
official pathway at all times and in all places with the conspicuous publi- 
city of Christian ethics." 

After eulogising the tenderness of Mr, Lincoln, and finely 
discriminating in regard to the tendency of his nature to make 
Justice walk behind Mercy, he closed with these eloquent 
sentences. 



384 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

" But another guerdon awaits our president. He sought to save, not to 
destroy. He labored to uphold the pillars of the Temple whose grace 
and beauty, if magistrates prove faithful, can never decay. He studied 
policy and wisdom day and night in a civil war which cost him his life, 
that his country might live, and fought treason on every line and in every 
trench over half the states, that democratic government in America might 
shine forth to cheer and animate and guide mankind to the remotest 
bounds of the world and of time. He ransomed four millions of his own 
countrymen from the thraldom of two hundred years, and died under the 
blow of slavery in the ecstacy of the sight. No matter when, or where, or 
how death should come to him, — for Abraham Lincoln has completed 
the work which George Washington began, — to his victories, great and 
unapproachable, he has added such triumphs as war never contemplated 
before, — to the broad field of his civic glory he has imparted a still 
broader radiance, — and he now goes from our presence into the presence 
of other ages garlanded with the double honor of Restorer and 
Liberator." 

The oration was received with cordial and often-expressed 
approbation. The following hymn, written by Dr. Oliver 
Wendell Holmes, at the request of the civil authorities of 
Boston, for the service on the same day in that city, and 
kindly furnished by them to our committee of arrangements, 
was then sung by the great choir. 

Choral : Luther's " Judgment Hymn." 

" O Thou of soul and sense and breath, 

The ever present giver, 
Unto Thy mighty angel, Death, 

All flesh Thou dost deliver ; 
What most we cherish we resign. 
For life and death alike are Thine, 

Who reignest Lord forever ! 

Our hearts lie buried in the dust 

With him, so true and tender. 
The patriot's stay, the people's trust, 

The shield of the offender ; 
Yet every murmuring voice is still, 
As bowing to Thy sovereign will, 

Our best loved we surrender. 

Dear Lord, with pitying eye behold. 

This martyr generation, 
Which Thou, through trials manifold, 



THE martyr's triumph. 385 

Art shewing Thy salvation ! 
O let the blood by murder spilt 
Wash out Thy stricken children's guilt 

And sanctify our nation ! 

Be Thou Thy orphaned Israel's friend, 

Forsake Thy people never ; 
In one our broken many blend, 

That none again may sever ! 
Hear us, O Father, while we raise 
With trembling lips our song of praise 

And bless Thy name forever ! " 

The benediction was pronounced by Rev, Mr. Richardson, 
and the audience reverently retired. 

This chapter will be fitly closed with a brief reference to 
the religious character of Mr. Lincoln. The Rev. Dr. Sweet- 
ser, in a discourse delivered on the twenty-third of April, 
1865, being the second Sunday after the decease of the 
lamented president, treated the subject with such discrimina- 
tion and candor, that the following extract will commend 
itself to every reader. 

" Very evidently, there was all along an education and an exaltation of 
the sentiments of the heart. There was more in his thoughtfulness than 
was demanded by the solution of a perplexity. There was a higher 
restraint in the caution of his utterances than is due to prudence in affairs. 
A deeper feeling moved him than the instincts of a humane and generous 
disposition. He gained a richer endowment than a simple-hearted ingen- 
uous kindness. No one can have watched his course as a man and a 
ruler without detecting in him an increasing religious seriousness, a tone 
and simplicity of faith in God and his providence ; an evident seeking 
after a knowledge of the will and counsel of the Most High. All this was 
added to a frankness and ingenuousness and rare kindliness of nature, a 
sort of inflexible gentleness, which spread a veil over rougher features ; 
and this unaffected piety gave a tone to his measures and to his utterances 
everywhere perceptible. This religious conscientiousness inspired him 
with courage to attempt, and decision in executing, the requirements of 
duty. Will any one say, that he did not find something of a practical 
force controlling him, in the law of love, from the teachings and example 
of Christ ? Will any one say, that, when his mind turned to the exercise 
of mercy, he had no inward promptings, gathered from the voice of 
mercy to which he himself listened in the promises of the Redeemer .'* 
His late addresses indicate a depth of serious feeling which has now a 

25 



386 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

significance, unrealized till death added its emphasis. Can any man read 
the solemn utterances of the Fourth of March last, without the con- 
viction that they are the profound reflections of a heart which looked into 
the ways of God with trembling reverence, rather than the conventional 
language proper to an established ceremony of state ? ' If we suppose 
American slavery is one of those offences which, in the providence of 
God, must needs come, but which, having continued through his appointed 
time, he now wills to remove ; and that he gives to both North and South 
this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, — 
shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes w'hich 
the believers in a living God always ascribe to him ? Fondly do we hope, 
fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may soon pass 
away. Yet, if God wills that it continue till all the wealth piled by the 
bondsman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, 
and until every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another 
drawn by the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must 
be said, — " The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." ' 
These words are spoken with the solemnity of the old prophets who 
declared the judgments of God." 

An anecdote will illustrate the truth of what is said above in 
regard to the " increasing religious seriousness," the steady 
growth of the Christian sentiment in the heart of Mr. Lincoln, 
Towards the close of his life he was called on by an old gen- 
tleman then on a visit to Washington. As this gentleman 
was about to withdraw, he addressed the president in the 
most respectful manner, craving his pardon for the question 
he was about to ask. Being encouraged to go on, he said that 
a neighbor of his enjoined him to inquire of Mr. Lincoln, " Are 
you a Christian .? Do you love Jesus.''" After a moment's 
pause, Mr. Lincoln replied v/ith deep and tender emotion, 
" No apology is needed. I am glad you asked the question. 
Tell your aged neighbor that when, leaving Springfield, in the 
winter of 1861, I asked my neighbors to pray for me, I was 
not a Christian ; when my little boy, Teddie, died, and my 
heart was broken, I was not a Christian ; but that when, 
before the battle of Gettysburg, being weighed down with 
anxiety, I laid the state of the country before God, and gave up 
everything to his guidance, I was a Christian. I do love 
Jesus." 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



387 



CHAPTER XVII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

There are several matters which require distinct notice, 
but as they are not nearly related in their nature, they must 
be grouped in a miscellaneous form. For example, there has 
been no opportunity to refer, except in an incidental way, to 
the services of staff officers, many of whom rendered very 
valuable aid, while they acquired the enduring regard of their 
associates, and the gratitude of the private soldiers. More- 
over, Worcester was represented in the navy by several of her 
sons, and a brief reference to their exploits is due to them and 
to the truth of history. There were, besides, a large number 
of men in the army from other cities, towns and states, who 
are proud of Worcester as the place of their birth, but who 
are credited to the place of their residence. It is quite impos- 
sible to ascertain their number, but it would not be right on 
that account, to omit all mention of their part in the war 
against the rebellion. Again, Worcester furnished her pro- 
portion of colored soldiers, whose services demand distinct 
recognition. 

Section I. — Staff Officers. 
The officers in command of the various regiments which 
were organized in Worcester, almost uniformly spoke in high 
terms of the members of their staff in their official reports. 
It is not possible to draw distinctions between officers, all of 
whom performed their duty ; nor is it within the province of the 
author to distribute praise and censure. And in mentioning- 
certain names, no censure is implied in regard to those which 
are omitted. Many officers of the separate staffs held other 



388 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

positions before the war closed, and earned tlieir meed of 
praise in those connections. 

It will not be invidious to refer specially to the services of 
George W. Baldwin, Esq., who was a lawyer in partnership 
with Hon. Dwight Foster, at the beginning of the war. His 
commission as assistant adjutant-general of volunteers, with 
the rank of captain, was signed by the president, June ii, 
1862. His active duties with the regiment terminated imme- 
diately after the battle of Fair Oaks. During the week pre- 
ceding that affair, he had been confined to his tent with camp 
fever, but the regiment was so short of officers, that he 
insisted upon being lifted into the saddle, and accompanying 
the colonel to the field. The excitement of the battle gave 
him unnatural strength which lasted till the fight was over. 
A reaction followed, and he was ordered into hospital, much 
against his inclination. The following are the terms which 
were used by Colonel Kimball, in reference to the services of 
Mr. Baldwin, in the battle. " Too much praise cannot be 
awarded to Adjutant Baldwin, who got up from a sick bed 
against my express wishes, to render me what service he could. 
He was scarcely able to sit upon his horse, but he remained 
with me during the entire battle, conveying my orders with 
great promptness and precision." 

He was not able to return to active service till the early 
part of September. In the meantime, he had been assigned 
to the staff of General Devens, and had joined his command 
about a week before the battle of Antietam. During the 
night of Burnside's retreat across the Rappahannock, he met 
with an accident which led to his leaving the service. 
General Devens was in command of the outlying pickets, con- 
sisting of his own and Torbert's Brigades, and perhaps other 
troops, which were kept in position in order to deceive the 
enemy by an appearance of strength, while the rest of the 
army were crossing to the north side of the river. About 
midnight orders were received to withdraw, and as Captain 
Baldwin was riding rapidly, in a dark and stormy night, 
across a strange country, to communicate with the officers in 



MISCELLANEOUS. 389 

command along the line, his horse fell with, and upon him, 
over a steep bank. Both bones of his right leg were fractured 
below the keee. In consequence he was six weeks in hospi- 
tal, and it was several months before he could move without 
crutches. This led to his resignation, which was accepted 
April 16, 1863. Captain Baldwin enjoyed the personal confi- 
dence and esteem of General Devens, as a brave, zealous and 
capable officer. In his report relating to the above service, 
General Devens refers as follows to Captain Baldwin, and 
others of his staff. " I am under especial obligations for their 
zeal and fidelity to my staff, — Captain G. W. Baldwin, assist- 
ant adjutant-general, who was severely injured, to my aid. 
Lieutenant D. Washburn, Jr., and Quartermaster J. Aborn, 
volunteer aide-de-camp." 

Church Howe was an active officer in many capacities 
and positions during the war. His versatility seemed to qual- 
ify him for various kinds of service. He went out as quarter- 
master in the Fifteenth, and in that as well as other offices 
during the war, acquitted himself as an efficient officer. In 
1863, January i8, -he was promoted to a captaincy, and 
remained with the regiment several months before his dis- 
charge. 

What is said above in reference to these two officers, must 
not be understood as implying that others were not equally 
efficient and worthy ; but such have been referred to elsewhere, 
or their record has not fallen under the author's eye. 

The following gentlemen went into the service in the capac- 
ity of Surgeons, some of them commencing as assistants, 
viz. : Drs. Oramel Martin, Joseph N. Bates, J. Marcus Rice, 
Peter Hubon, Samuel Foster Haven, Jr., Samuel Flagg, and 
Horace Mecorney. A biographical notice of Dr. Haven will 
be found in the last chapter of this work. The names of the 
other gentlemen have had honorable mention already, in con- 
nection with their respective regiments. A few lines will be 
devoted to them in this place. 

Dr. Martin accompanied the Third Battalion Riflemen in 
their hurried march to Annapolis, and was of inestimable ser- 



390 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

vice to the raw troops, entirely unaccustomed to war. His 
report will be found in the proper connection. Soon after 
the return of the Third Battalion, he was appointed by the 
president brigade surgeon, or surgeon of volunteers, with the 
rank of major. In September, 1861, he reported to General 
Hunter, and joined him at Raleigh, Missouri. He was then 
making the campaign in pursuit of General Price. Subse- 
quently, till the month of December, he had charge of a hos- 
pital at Otterville, one hundred and seventy-six miles west of 
St. Louis. Here he had twelve hundred patients. He was 
then ordered to Kansas, with General Hunter, and at Fort 
Scott, and afterwards at Fort Riley, acted as medical director 
in fitting out expeditions for Texas and New Mexico. After 
the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, he was ordered to St. Louis 
to take charge of the Pacific Hospital. This was in the spring 
and early summer of 1862. 

About the last of June he was ordered to Mississippi, and 
appointed medical director of the cavalry operating in that 
section. Here he was attacked with chills and fever, and 
with chronic diarrhea, in consequence of which he was greatly 
reduced, and compelled to resign, in July. Returning home, 
he was appointed Surgeon of the Board of Enrollment for 
the Eighth District, and served till the close of the war. He 
is now President of the Board of Surgical Examiners for Pen- 
sions for the county of Worcester. 

Dr. Bates was surgeon of the Fifteenth, and rendered 
needed aid to the soldiers wounded at Ball's Bluff, though his 
own health was not good at the time. He continued in the 
service till July 17, 1862, when his assistant, Dr. Haven, 
became surgeon. 

Dr. Rice was offered a commission in the Twenty-first 
Regiment, but declined it. He went out with the Twenty- 
fifth, his commission bearing date September 16, 1861. He 
was wounded in the chest at the battle of Roanoke Island. 
In October, 1863, he was captured near Newbern, North 
Carolina, and was in Libby Prison, Richmond, about five 
weeks. He continued with his regiment during its term of 



MISCELLANEOUS. 39I 

three years. Subsequently he held the position of acting 
staff surgeon. He was at one time medical director, 
Eighteenth Army Corps, and at another, medical inspector, 
Army of the James. He held the rank of major. Dr. Rice 
was held in high esteem by officers and men. 

Dr. HuBON was commissioned as surgeon of the Second 
Heavy Artillery, but actually served with the Twenty-eighth 
Regiment, which he joined May 27, 1863. He served through 
the war, with an honorable reputation. 

Dr. Flagg went out with the Twenty-fifth as assistant 
surgeon, July 31, 1861, and continued in the field till August 
9, 1863. 

Dr. Mecorney joined the Twenty-fifth as assistant surgeon, 
September 20, 1862, and held this position until July 13, in 
the following year. 

The Chaplains who represented Worcester in the war, 
were comparatively few. The name of Rev. Mr. Cromack 
has already been mentioned as having entered the service in 
the early part of the war. Rev. Charles T. Canfield was 
with the Thirty-sixth, from August 28, 1862, till his discharge, 
on the twentieth of October, 1863. Rev. Gilbert Cummings 
was chaplain of the Fifty-first, a nine months' regiment. It is 
presumed that all these gentlemen worthily performed the 
important duties of their sacred office. 

Rev. William G. Scandlin was the efficient chaplain of 
the Fifteenth Regiment. He belonged to Grafton, where he 
now resides as the pastor of his people. We have no right and 
no disposition to rob Grafton of the honor conferred upon her 
by so faithful an officer ; but as he became endeared to so 
many officers and soldiers belonging to this city, the privilege 
is claimed of recording here the universal sense of his great 
merit as a chaplain. 

The Rev. Horace James was the esteemed pastor of the 
Old South Church. He resigned that position of honor and 
influence, to become the chaplain of the Twenty-fifth. He 
entered the service on the twenty-eighth of October, 1861, 
and continued with the regiment until the twenty-seventh of 



392 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

April, 1864. He was subsequently A. Q. M., Massachusetts 
Volunteers. The ability and patriotism of Mr. James ren- 
dered him conspicuous. His devotion to the welfare of his 
charge in the army, in regard to both their temporal and spir- 
itual interests, will be gratefully remembered by many so long 
as their memory of the war shall last. The estimation in 
which he was held by his fellow officers, was expressed in a 
resolution which has been given in a former chapter. After 
leaving the service, he labored zealously, and at great sacrifice, 
to inaugurate profitable labor among the freedmen. He then 
resumed the pastoral office, and became pastor of the First 
Congregational Church, in Lowell. He is now occupying 
that position, and is one of the proprietors and editors of the 
Boston Congregationalist and Recorder, a weekly religious 
paper of wide circulation and extended influence. 

Section II. — Worcester in the Navy, 
Internal cities and towns have comparatively little direct 
connection with the navy. A few youth who have a yearning 
for the sea, make the ocean their home, and occasionally a 
young man receives an appointment as cadet in the Naval 
Academy. But as it is not equitable that the seaports, where 
the sailors are found, and where the navy is recruited, should 
be credited with all those who enter the naval service, it 
was arranged that all the sailors in the navy, from a state, 
should be credited to the several towns in the state, accord- 
ing to population. By this arrangement quite a large number 
was added to the quota of Worcester. According to this 
plan, the number of men in the navy credited to this city, 
was about one hundred and sixty. 

Only a few of these belonged here by birth or residence. 
The number of natives of the city who entered the navy 
could not be found without examining the records of every 
loyal state in the Union. Nor can the number of naval 
recruits who had a residence here be ascertained, since their 
names are entered indiscriminately with those of men from all 
parts of the world, who happened to be credited to Worces- 



MISCELLANEOUS. 393 

ter. For example, a man born in Sweden or Portugal, and 
picked up at Gloucester, or Harwich, might be credited to 
Worcester. 

Among the officers who have attained to high rank in the 
navy, is Commodore George S. Blake, son of the Hon, 
Francis Blake. He was born and bred in Worcester, though 
he has not for many years made it his home when on land. 
He was appointed midshipman, from Massachusetts, January 
I, 18 1 8, and went on board the Independence, ship of the line. 
In March, 1827, he was commissioned as lieutenant. He 
became commander, Febuary 27, 1847 ; and captain, Septem- 
ber 4, 1855. He was superintendent of the Naval Academy 
at Annapolis, and at Newport, from 1858 to 1865, about eight 
years, including the whole period of the rebellion. 

In the spring of 1861, the rebels undertook to get possession 
of national property at Annapolis, where the naval academy 
stands, and also to seize the honored frigate Constitution. 
" Prompt measures rescued the frigate and the other property 
from desecration and plunder, and the young men, under the 
superintendence of Captain Blake, contributed in no small 
degree to the result." 

When the academy was removed for a time to Newport, 
Captain Blake remained in charge, at the earnest desire of the 
Hon. Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy. When the war 
was over, the students were returned to their old quarters at 
Annapolis. Captain Blake, at his earnest request, was 
finally relieved from this charge, and retired, with the high 
commendation of Secretary Welles for his services. 

Bancroft Ghirardi, though born in New Orleans, had his 
home and education in this city. He bears an honored name, 
that of the first pastor of the Second Congregational Church, 
in Worcester, Dr. Bancroft. He received his appointment as 
of Louisiana, though residing here at the time. There was no 
vacancy here, and therefore his appointment was obtained as 
from the state of his birth. His home and his connections 
furnish the privilege of recording him among the naval worth- 
ies of this city. So far as his history is known, his course 



394 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

during the war was that of an able and faithful officer. He 
was in one or more naval actions. His rank is believed to be 
that of lieutenant at the present time. 

George M. Rice, Jr., son of Hon. George M. Rice, entered 
the navy quite early in the war as master's mate on the flag- 
ship Minnesota. This ship was engaged in the attack on 
Fort Macon. He was afterwards, (at his own request), trans- 
ferred to the steamer Cambridge, for more active service on 
the coast. 

Subsequently he was an officer on board the flag-ship Hart- 
ford, under the great and good Farragut, the foremost naval 
hero of his time. He was present in that ship in the attack 
on Fort Morgan, off" Mobile. The Hartford, with the brave 
old admiral, tied by his own hands on the cross-trees, bore a 
conspicuous part in that terrible fight. The flag-ship received 
special attention from the famous rebel ram, the " Tennessee," 
which was captured, and thus our country was relieved of a 
most dangerous enemy. In this engagement, young Rice was 
quite severely wounded. He remained in the " Hartford " till 
the close of the war. 

He then resumed at once his former employment in naviga- 
tion. While on his return from Cienfuegos, Cuba, in April 
1868, homeward bound, he was seized with yellow fever, when 
one day out, and died the day following. He loved his coun- 
try and was ready to peril his life for her. 

Charles P. Blake, a native of Worcester, entered the 
Naval Academy in 1859. ^^ entered upon active service, 
on shipboard, as midshipman in 1861, at the opening of the 
rebellion, and continued through the war. At the time of the 
great naval fight, near Mobile, he was on board the Brooklyn, 
and was wounded. He now holds the rank of lieutenant com- 
manding. 

. George D. Upham, son of Dea. Joel W. Upham, followed 
the sea previous to the war. He received an appointment in 
the navy as sailing master, at the beginning of the war, and 
sailed in the steamer James Adger, in pursuit of Mason and 
Slidell, who were captured by Commodore Slidell. On his 



MISCELLANEOUS. 395 

return, Captain Upham was put in command of a small 
steamer at New Orleans, and engaged in running supplies 
round into Mobile Bay. He was then sent to New York with 
an iron-clad rebel vessel, taken as a prize. He performed 
other services under Admiral Farragut, and came with him to 
New York, in January, 1865. Soon after he was ordered to 
take command of a steamer which was fitting out at Philadel- 
phia to take supplies down the southern coast. He ranked as 
a lieutenant in the navy, when he resigned, which was not 
long after Lee's surrender. 

Captain J. C. Dutch of Worcester, was in the naval service 
during the war. In 1863, he was stationed in St. Helena 
Sound, South Carolina, in command of the United States 
barque Kingfisher. While there he performed a gallant 
exploit which may enliven these pages. 

When the rebels abandoned Edisto Island, they left not only 
their household goods, but large crops of corn and potatoes in 
the field, besides many horses and mules, oxen and cows. Of 
course they were constantly tempted to return, by stealth, 
and help themselves to their former property. Parties used 
to go over until Captain Dutch was informed by a couple of 
negroes, that a cavalry picket of ten men had been stationed 
on Edisto Island. He laid his plans, and succeeded in cap- 
turing the whole picket, except one who happened to be 
absent, together with all their equipments, saddles, bridles, 
spurs, rations, clothing, pistols, carbines, and their newly 
arrived mail matter and dispatches. All this was done with- 
out the loss of a man. The whole affair was conceived and 
carried out with boldness, energy and completeness. The men 
captured proved to be personages of some local distinction, 
young men mostly of the first class. They were very gen- 
tlemanly in their deportment, and when handed over to the 
authorities at Port Royal, by Captain Dutch, they expressed 
their thanks for his courtesy to them. 



39^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

Section III. — Worcester Soldiers in other Towns and 

States. 

The number of natives of Worcester who engaged in the 
war, and were credited to other cities and towns in this state, 
and to other states, could not be ascertained without examin- 
ing the corrected rolls of every arm of the service, state and 
national. The attempt to do this will not be undertaken. 
A long list of names has been collected, but it is too imper- 
fect to be put in print. The sons of Worcester who were 
credited elsewhere, will have their place in the history of 
those places in which they resided. It is quite possible that 
the number of natives of the city who were credited to other 
places, was as large as the number of the same class who 
helped to fill our quota. They were to be found in nearly, 
if not quite every loyal state, and in many regiments of those 
states. They will be duly honored wherever they are known, 
but their names cannot be gathered to grace the pages of the 
history of their birth-place. There were some, however, 
among this class, who attained to considerable distinction. 
There were others — residents but not natives — who en- 
listed elsewhere, whose names are synonymns of patriotism, 
of whom brief, but respectful mention may be expected in 
these memorials. Some of these died in the service, and 
their record will be found in the chapter of biography. 

Conspicuous among the sons of Worcester, who went to 
the war from other states, was Hasbrouck Davis, Esq., son 
of the late Hon. John Davis. He was a lawyer in practice in 
Chicago, at the outbreak of the war. He was impelled by a 
patriotic spirit to enter the service, though at the sacrifice of 
his business. He was active in raising a regiment of cavalry, 
and became its colonel. After varied and honorable service 
in the east and west, from the Potomac to the Red River, he 
became brigadier-general by brevet, and closed his miliary 
career with honor. 

John Leverett Thompson, Esq., son of Mr. William C. 
Thompson, of Worcester, became distinguished in the New 
Hampshire Cavalry. He was born in New Hampshire, but 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



397 



came to Worcester with his father's family in 1852, which 
was his home until i860. He was educated at Dartmouth 
College, after which he studied law with Hon. Francis H. 
Dewey, of this city, and at the Harvard Law School. Having 
removed to Chicago, he had just commenced the practice of 
law, when the rebellion broke out, and he joined a company of 
artillery as a private. The company was stationed at Cairo, 
Illinois, several months. His health failing him in that 
locality, he came to New Hampshire, and joined the New 
Hampshire Battalion in the Rhode Island Cavalry. This was 
a regiment raised in the latter state, to which the four com- 
panies of the New Hampshire Cavalry were united. He 
entered as second-lieutenant, but soon became captain of 
the second company of the battalion, but company K, of the 
regiment. In the course of the war, he became major of the 
battalion, then lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. In the be- 
ginning of 1864, the New Hampshire Battalion was detached 
from the Rhode Island Regiment, and by the addition of 
other companies raised in New Hampshire, became a regi- 
ment of " Granite State " men, with Colonel Thompson for 
commander. The history of the battalion and the regiment 
is full of proof that the officers and men were among the very 
best cavalry in the armies of the Union. They won a high 
reputation, which will reflect lasting honor upon them and 
upon the state which they represented. Before the regiment 
was discharged, the commander was made brigadier-general 
by brevet. After the war he returned to Chicago and 
resumed his profession. 

Rev. Thomas W. Higginson was known before the war 
as a Unitarian clergyman, who had preached here, for a time, 
as well as elsewhere, and also as a writer of singular force 
and elegance. Worcester was then his residence. He 
entered the army as captain of company C, Fifty-first Regi- 
ment, nine months' volunteers, under command of Colonel 
A. B. R. Sprague. When the government had sufficiently 
conquered its prejudices to take colored men into its service, 
he became colonel of the First Regiment of South Carolina 



398 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

(colored) Volunteers. This promotion was on the seventeenth 
of November, 1862. The situation was as trying as it was 
conspicuous, and it is enough to say that Colonel Higginson 
gained honorable distinction in his command. He gathered 
a regiment who knew nothing of military service, never hav- 
ing been permitted to bear arms, or be members of any 
military organization, and v/ho had hardly any qualification 
but their manhood, their patriotism, and their zeal to prove 
themselves worthy of the boon of freedom. But such qualifi- 
cations and incentives were sufBcient, and his men became 
good soldiers. As the pioneer officer in this great revolution, 
this recognition of the colored man, bond or free, as fit for 
military duty, — this inauguration of a new era in our history, 
— Colonel Higginson will fill an honorable place in the annals 
of the war. 

It would be gratifying, if it were possible, to record in this 
connection the names of hundreds of spirited young men, 
whose home was here, — like Willis T., son of Rev. Mr. 
Richardson, — but who were credited to other towns and 
states. 

Section IV. — Colored Troops from Worcester. 

The number of colored soldiers from this city was quite 
large in proportion to the number who were called into ser- 
vice in all parts of the country. Some few went to Rhode 
Island, when Governor Sprague recruited a regiment of colored 
volunteers. In the Fifty-fourth, Colonel Robert G. Shaw, 
there were fifteen men from Worcester. The Fifty-fifth, 
Colonel Norwood P. Hallowell, had five. 

There were twenty-two in the Fifth Cavalry, three years' 
troops. Others were scattered in different organizations, so 
that it is impossible to ascertain the whole number who 
represented the city in the field. 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 399 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

In this chapter such information will be presented as can 
now be found, showing the amount contributed during the 
war, by the people of the city, for the benefit of the soldiers, 
and also for the freedmen. The whole amount can never be 
known, because immense sums, in the aggregate, were sent or 
carried to the soldiers in the field, the hospital, or the prison, 
of which no account was ever rendered. All the facts acces- 
sible will be gathered in this connection, and perhaps data suf- 
ficient may be found to warrant an estimate approximating to 
the sum total of contributions. 

Section I. — The Soldiers Relief Society. 

As soon as the Light Infantry, and the Third Battalion 
left for the war, it became necessary to furnish them with sup- 
plies of clothing and other articles, which could not be pro- 
vided before they departed. The ladies of Worcester promptly 
met the necessity, and entered upon a course of labor which 
was continued during the contest. Several ladies connected 
with various churches in the city, volunteered to raise the nec- 
essary funds to purchase flannels to be made into undershirts 
for the volunteers. A considerable sum had been collected 
by the twenty-fourth of April, less than a week after the con- 
flict in the streets of Baltimore. 

On the twenty-fifth of April a meeting of ladies was held at 
the vestry of the Central Church, (Rev. Dr. Sweetser's), to 
adopt measures for the supply of our troops with clothing 
Mrs. John Boyden presided, and Miss Martha Le Baron served 
as secretary pro tern. The following were chosen as perma- 



400 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

nent officers. President, Miss Martha Le Baron ; Vice Presi- 
dent, Mrs. William B, Fox ; Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Nelson ; 
Treasurer, Mrs. Frederick S. Leonard. An executive com- 
mittee consisting of Mrs. William M. Bickford, Mrs. Theodore 
Brown, Mrs. Griggs, Miss Caroline Haywood, Miss Emma 
Allen, Mrs. James H, Osgood, Mrs. Charles E. Stevens, and 
Mrs. F. S. Leonard, was chosen to co-operate with citizens dis- 
posed to contribute money or material for clothing for the 
troops. 

This was an attempt to systematize the benevolence of the 
ladies, and bring them all, as far as possible, into organization. 
In this they accomplished much, but the ladies of the city and 
suburbs acted through other associations, as well as privately, 
so that great quantities of stores reached the soldiers through 
other channels than the Relief Society. 

The society went about its beneficent work with patriotic 
energy, and their friends in the field soon saw the fruits of 
their kindness. Letters have already been quoted from, in 
the earlier part of this work, showing the delight of the sol- 
diers when receiving the packages from home. 

A letter was received from Surgeon Calvin Cutter, of the 
Twenty-fifth, dated September 17, in which he acknowledged 
the receipt of hospital supplies from neighboring towns, 
through Major Theron E. Hall, and also of a box from the 
ladies of the Third Baptist Society of Worcester. 

Cognate to the work of the Soldiers Relief Society, was the 
action taken at a meeting of ladies held at the Central Church 
vestry, on the thirtieth of September, for the purpose of choos- 
ing a standing committee of the ladies of Worcester to take 
charge of contributions for army hospitals. After prayer by 
Dr. Sweetser, Mrs. Baylies was chosen president, and a com- 
mittee of two ladies from each church in the city was selected, 
with Mrs. Charles Washburn as chairman. 

On the second of January, 1862, the ladies of the Salem 
Street Society, (Rev. Mr. Richardson), sent to the Twenty- 
fifth, three boxes of hospital necessaries, such as comforters 
stockings, etc. Such deeds of kindness were continually 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



401 



occurring, independently of the Relief Society, but these sev- 
eral contributions must for convenience, be placed under one 
general head. It will not be necessary to chronicle the 
numerous meetings of the Relief Society, nor the various con- 
tributions by churches, societies, or individuals. The annual 
reports of the Relief Society will furnish all needed informa- 
tion. The following letter from Rev. Dr. Eliot, of St. Louis, 
will show how far their their benefactions reached, and how 
highly they were appreciated. He wrote : " Your renewed 
favors call for more than renewed thanks. I think the kind- 
ness of the Massachusetts women will never be exhausted, and 
our demands are not likely to fail." 

The ladies levee for the benefit of the soldiers, held on the 
first of March, netted above $700.00. 

The records of the society, or committee, as it was some- 
times called, fill the reader with wonder, whether he considers 
the activity of the various officers and committees, the general 
co-operation of the ladies, or the immense quantities of stores 
of every kind, which were gathered and distributed. It should 
be stated that contributions of articles, countless in number 
and vast in amount, came in from ladies in all the neighboring, 
and even some remote, towns in the county. The design of 
this chapter is however to give only the results produced by 
the ladies of Worcester. 

The first annual report of the Worcester Soldiers Relief 
Committee, was made on the sixth of October, 1862, and 
included all that had been received, in money, from the first 
of October, 1861. The result was as follows : 



From Churches, ..... 

" Individuals, .... 

" Soldiers Relief Fund, 

" Ladies Levee, February 27 and 28, 

" Private Theatricals, June II, . 

" Concert of Stoddard Children, . 
Deposited in box at the room, 



26 



1^46.00 
286.44 

8775 
696.24 

75-54 

5.00 

32.64 

^1,229.61 



402 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

A portion of this money was used in purchasing the raw 
material to be worked up into various articles of clothing, and 
a variety of things which contributed to the comfort of sol- 
diers. But the money raised was only a small portion, in value, 
of what was sent by the ladies to the soldiers. For example 
the contents of several boxes sent in 1862, foot upas follows : 

" Ouilts, 362 ; blankets, 155 ; sheets, 893 ; pillow cases, 961 ; shirts, 
1333 ; flannel and cotton drawers, 728 ; dressing gowns, 163 ; pairs 
socks, 1406; pairs mittens, 1032; towels, 1244; handkerchiefs, 1026; 
red flannel aprons, 168 ; pillows, 319 ; calico pillow covers, 6"] ; pairs 
slippers, 312; sleeping caps, 68; bed sacks, 50; eye shades, 56; tea 
kettles, 88 ; sick feeders, 12 ; gas heaters, 14 ; together with a large 
amount of garments partly worn, such as coats, pants, vests, etc." 

The following list is given as a specimen of what was done 
throughout the war. Perhaps some of the articles were paid 
for out of the treasury of the society ; doubtless many of them 
were the gifts of individuals. 

" Tea, coffee, broma, chocolate, sugar, rice, tapioca, corn starch, gela- 
tine, sago, crackers, honey, tamarinds, prunes, dried apple, dried peach, 
dried berries, cranberries, lemons, raisins, pickles, sardines, potted ham, 
potted tongue, cologne, bay rum, oatmeal, mustard, pepper, soap, mutton, 
tallow, bandages, Hnt ; jars jelly and jam, 105 ; pounds of currant jelly, 100 ; 
bottles of wine and shrub, 79 ; bottles raspberry vinegar, 53 ; books and 
magazines, bags of sewing materials, stationery, ring pads, cushions, 
splints, sponges, brushes, combs, fans, wash leather cots, court plaster." 

The annual report for the year preceding October 6, 1863, 
shows that the sum of $2,769.67 had been received into the 
treasury. Besides this, we must count the proceeds of the 
Worcester County Fair, held on the twenty-first, twenty-second 
and twenty-third of October. The net profits of the fair were 
$6,296.36. Contributions to this fair were made by ladies in 
many other towns in the county, who acted with great liber- 
ality in this connection, in addition to the sums they raised at 
home, and sent directly to the soldiers ; but probably three 
quarters of the above amount was given by citizens of Worces- 
ter. The receipts from the sale of tickets, and from the 
refreshment room, amounted to nearly $3,000.00, and the larger 
part of this must have come from those living in the vicinity- 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 403 

The part of Worcester in this large sum must have been about 
;$4,750.oo. But the whole of this amount did not go into the 
treasury of the Relief Committee, as will be seen from the 
next year's report. 

The officers for the year 1863-64, were as follows : Presi- 
dent, Mrs. Charles Washburn ; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. Miller, 
Mrs. Aldrich, Mrs. Morse ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. 
Goodnow ; Recording Secretary, Miss Mary Bigelow ; Treas- 
urer, Mrs. William Dickenson. There was a large executive 
committee, and committees on packing, cutting and bandages. 

The total receipts in money for the year ending October i, 
1864, were ^4,130,39; but of this amount, $3158,60 came 
from the fair held in October 1863, after the report for that 
year was made up. Besides this money, there were vast c|uan- 
tities of clothing, fruits, jellies, and other things altogether too 
numerous to be counted, which busy fingers, prompted by 
kind hearts, prepared for the soldier amid the discomforts of 
the camp, or the depressing scenes of the hospital. The 
report says that the appeal came to the members " from the 
battle field, where men languishing in mortal agony, have 
blessed with their dying lips the succoring hands that have 
sought them out, and bound up their wounds, and poured in 
the oil and wine of Christian sympathy and love ; from the 
hospitals, whose dull and barren walls have been made 
resplendent with the patient heroism of men, who, cut down in 
the full strength of their manhood, have borne months of suf- 
fering and anguish without a murmur, and died counting it all 
joy, to give up their lives for their beloved country. And it 
comes also from loathsome southern prisons, where those dear- 
est to us, ' bone of our bone, and flesh of our flesh,' lingering 
out their lives in a daily martyrdom worse than death, are yet, 
with a noble self-forgetfulness, sending home words of good 
cheer, and of patriotic entreaty, that the government for which 
they have suffered the loss of all things but their honor, may 
be sustained in its purity and integrity." 

The annual report, October 9, 1865, for the year preceding, 
shows the receipts to have been $6,793.56 ; and the total 



404 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

amount received during the whole four years, was ^14,033. 
An equal or greater amount of valuable articles were sent out 
than in former years. When a fair estimate is made of the 
value of articles given which were not bought by money taken 
from the treasury, it is quite difficult to resist the conclusion 
that the ladies of Worcester alone, contributed more than 
^30,000 through this one channel, for the relief and comfort of 
the soldiers. In this estimate, the value of the time and skill 
of the ladies, is not taken into the account. This alone would 
be counted by thousands of dollars. 

Section II. — The Soldiers Rest. 
The "Soldiers Rest "was one of the most interesting forms 
of benevolence called into being by the war. As the contest 
proceeded, soldiers were sent north, on their way home, who 
were feeble from wounds and sickness, and needed to stop 
over, at intervals of their journey, and take some refreshing 
" rest." Accordingly the ladies of the Relief Committee pro- 
vided rooms in Foster Street, and furnished them for the above 
class of soldiers. Nor did they imagine the calls that would 
be made on their benevolence in this method, nor dream of 
the blessings that would be invoked upon them from hundreds 
of grateful hearts. The following is an extract from the book 
of records relating to " The Soldiers Rest." 

" These rooms were opened at Worcester, July 7, 1862, by a society of 
ladies known as the ' Worcester Soldiers Relief Society,' for the accom- 
modation of the sick and wounded soldiers who pass through the city on 
their way home, and are obliged to wait for the trains. Here they are 
provided with refreshments, and made comfortable during their stay." 

The rooms were at No. 4 Foster Street, and the citizens 
generally were invited to contribute to the society. 

The following were the judicious rules of this thrice-blessed 
institution. 

" This Rest is sustained by the benevolent people of Worcester, free of 
charge, and designed for the comfort and welfare of soldiers returning 
from the army. 

Soldiers stopping at the Rest are not expected to remain over twenty- 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 405 

four hours, without a permit from one or more members of the committee 
or the superintendent, unless prevented from continuing their journey by 
sickness. 

Soldiers tarrying at the Rest are not to be out after ten o'clock at 
night. 

No intoxicated or disorderly soldier is to be entertained at the 
Rest. 

Refreshments for those only for whom this Rest was especially designed. 

We would cheerfully welcome discharged soldiers, and any of our sol- 
dier friends, to meet their brothers at any time at the Rest, subject to the 
above regulations." 

The Records of the " Rest " contain the names of the sol- 
diers entertained, with the date of their presence, their resi- 
dence, their company and regiment, where stationed in the 
service, and their condition, as sick, lame, wounded. 

Mr. Charles W. Freeland gave the use of the rooms. Other 
citizens contributed liberally, sending in such articles of 
housekeeping as were necessary. Not far from ^250.00 are 
reported in cash, as designed for the support of the " Rest." 
As the expense for food alone must have been far greater than 
this sum, probably what was needed was taken from the treas- 
ury of the Relief Society. 

The " Soldiers Rest " was under the superintendence of 
Mr. Thomas C. Bond, since deceased. The number who 
found rest and comfort in this temporary home in 1862, was 
seventy-one. The next year the number was seventy-two. 
In 1864, not far from eight hundred tarried here for a meal or 
for a night. And in the year 1865, the number was prob- 
ably more than fourteen hundred. In all, there were nearly 
twenty-five hundred inmates of the "Soldiers' Rest." Indeed, 
so many were entertained whose names were not entered, 
that it would not be surprising if three thousand were known 
by Him who rewards the giving of a cup of cold water to the 
needy, as among the recipients of the bounty and care of the 
ladies of Worcester. 

According to a statement made by Mr. Bond, covering the 
months of May, June, July, August and September, 1865, 
eighteen hundred men were entertained at the " Rest " during: 



406 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

that time. These partook of three thousand three hundred 
and eighty meals, and had one thousand three hundred and 
twenty-seven lodgings. 

It should not be forgotten to say that the soldiers expressed 
their ardent gratitude for the kindness shown to them, and 
some of them left the proof of their thankfulness on the pages 
of the records. 

Section III. — The Sanitary and Christian Commissions. 

Though these two societies were distinct in their organiza- 
tion and work, and to a certain extent, in their design, yet as 
their general object was to benefit the soldiers by sending 
their agents into the field, with all necessary stores, their 
share in the benefactions of the good people of Worcester, 
will be sketched under the same head. 

The first meeting in behalf of the Christian Commission, 
held in Worcester, of which a record can be found, was on the 
second of December, 1862. The Hon. Isaac Davis presided, 
and addresses were made by Hon. Edward S. Tobey, of Bos- 
ton, and Rev. Mr. Alexander and Rev. Dr. McAuley, of Phil- 
adelphia. Five gentlemen were chosen to form an army com- 
mittee, viz : Isaac Davis, George M. Rice, Philip L. Moen, 
David Whitcomb and Frederick A. Clapp. 

On the seventeenth of February, 1863, there was a meeting 
in behalf of the Christian Commission at the Old South 
Church, and much interest was awakened. There was a con- 
tribution of four hundred and fifty dollars for the object. 

There was a meeting in behalf of the Christian Commission 
in Union Church, in November. Rev. Mr. Banvard offered 
prayer, and addresses were made by Rev. Mr. Patterson, and 
George H. Stuart of Philadelphia. 

The Sanitary Commission, on the third of March, 1864, 
reported the receipt of ^1,322.37, 

The Christian Commission received a contribution, at the 
Old South Church, April 24, amounting to $208.50. The col- 
lection for the same object at the Central Church, on the 
fifteenth of May, was $503.07. The Old South made another 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 407 

contribution, May 28, for the Christian Commission, of 
$620.00, besides three boxes. The First Baptist Church 
gave to the same society, June 22, the sum of $348.50, besides 
three boxes. 

These meagre notices have been culled from the daily 
papers, but they do not give the full amount of the receipts of 
either " Commission " from the people of Worcester. Proba- 
bly there were other contributions, for each, from individuals 
and religious societies. Besides, the Relief Society distrib- 
uted their stores, and perhaps their funds, to some extent, 
through the same agencies. The county fair held under the 
auspices of the Soldiers' Relief Society, brought in more than 
six thousand dollars. Three thousand dollars were given to 
the Sanitary and Christian Commissions, in equal parts. 
Concert balls, private theatricals, and juvenile industry, pro- 
duced a large sum. The ball yielded over thirteen hundred 
dollars. The "Children's Lint Society" of New Worcester, 
contributed its quota. And in the early part of 1864, the chil-^ 
dren in the schools engaged zealously in making quilts and 
other articles. There are, however, no data from which an 
accurate financial statement can be made. It can be said 
truly that the contributions to the Sanitary and the Christian 
Commissions were generous, and that they were freely 
given. It may be added that the Rev. Lemuel Moss went 
from this city into the service of the Christian Commission, 
and was a very efficient agent. 

Section IV. — Mr. Edmund M. Barton. 
In this connection a brief notice of the services of Mr. Bar- 
ton naturally finds a place, since he labored not far from two 
years as an agent of the Sanitary Commission. The following 
is the first public notice of his connection with the commission. 
It appeared in the early part of the summer in 1863. " When 
a load of supplies went through Baltimore, a few days since, 
in charge for Mr. Olmstead, Mr. Edmund M. Barton joined 
the sanitary corps, and went with them to the work of min- 
istering to the disabled and suffering soldiers." He left home 



408 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

for the Army of the Potomac, on the ninth of May, 1863, and 
after visiting the hospitals in New York, Philadelphia, Balti- 
more and Washington, reached head-quarters of the Army of 
the Potomac, May 26, and was voluntarily connected with the 
army from that time till the close of the war. He was the 
representative of the Sanitary Commission, for the Fifth Army 
Corps, Army of the Potomac, from the battle of Gettysburg 
until after the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox 
Court House. He accompanied his corps in all its general 
movements and special raids. 

The commission of Mr. Barton was dated July 21, 1863, 
and is given here as an official memento of one of the most 
unique and beneficent agencies recorded in the annals of war. 

" To All whom it may Concern. 
This is to certify, that Edmund M. Barton is duly qualified and 
appointed a Relief Agent of the United States Sanitary Commission, and 
in the performance of his duty in that capacity, is entitled to all the bene- 
fits of the order of the Secretary of War, dated June 15, 1861, directing 
and enjoining ' all persons in the employment of the United States forces 
to direct and further the inquiries and objects of this commission, to the 
utmost of their ability.' " 

A full narrative of Mr. Barton's services, describing the 
scenes of carnage which came under his eye, and reporting the 
cases of individual suffering to which he ministered, would 
form a volume of exceeding interest. It should be said that 
he did not engage in the service of the Sanitary Commission 
to avoid duty as a soldier. Though enrolled, and liable to be 
drafted, he was not called to take the field ; but in letters to 
his friends, he directed that in case of his being drafted, " there 
should be no paying of commutation money, and no hiring of 
a substitute for him." He would rather take the field in his 
own person. It is not probable that if he had entered the 
ranks, he would have been more exposed to danger, nor is it 
conceivable that he could have been so helpful to the soldiers, 
or more useful to the country, than in the service of the Sani- 
tary Commission. 

A few short extracts from letters written at the time, will 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 409 

show the nature of his work, and give a gHmpse of the hard- 
ships he endured. Under date of May i, 1864, he wrote : 

" We went to Brandy that night. The following day, about noon, I 
decided to go up to Bealton to spend the night with George. [Captain 
George E. Barton.] Reaching the Rap-k., I found the river unfordable, and 
the pontoon bridge up, and orders to let no horseman cross the R. R. 
bridge. . . . The Ninth Corps had orders to follow on immediately. 
Tuesday May 3, marched to within a mile of Culpepper, where the 
troops lay till midnight. On my arrival, had chills with some fover, was 
dosed and put to bed, and ordered to follow in ambulance to Culpepper 
Mine Ford, and join the troops next evening in the Wilderness. 

I took my horse and drove to Richardsville, reaching that point at even- 
ing. This is May 4. Having been up all night waiting for orders to 
cross the Rapidan, we got ofif, May 5, a.m., and were at the Gold Mines, 
near the Ford, within four miles of our line of battle in the Wilderness. 
At noon I heard the first gun, mounted my horse, put stimulants into my 
saddle-bags and drove at full speed for the front, through a portion of the 
Wilderness. My work during the balance of the day I can hardly think of 
without weeping. Many officers were shot down, some of whom were 
brought in dead and dying ; others left in the hands of the enemy, or in 
the woods, to be burned to death in the fearful night. I was along the 
whole Fifth Corps front, and obtained a full knowledge of our advance 
and repulse. The loss of the First Division Fifth Corps, was about 
twelve hundred, with not less than seventy-five officers. The hospital 
where I spent the night at work, had a thousand wounded men and 
sixty officers." 

" May 6. My supplies came up, and were issued to First and Third 
Divisions, and Artillery Brigade Hospitals. Ball opened lively at daylight. 
Ninth Corps went in to assist Hancock. George was near by, but I 
could not spend time to call on him." 

" May 7. Awoke by daylight, and found myself unable to sit up or 
stand up. All the joints from little toe to shoulder red as beets. Sent 
for a clerk and issued supplies to First Division Hospital, and after doing 
up all business, was put into an ambulance towards evening, and started 
for Rappahannock Station, and Washington, expecting to be in W. to- 
morrow. We started, — a little water aboard, — no nurse, no morphine, or 
other medicine. Two doctors for twelve hundred men. At midnight we 
halted, having learned that the rebs held the fords across the Rapidan. 
At daylight of the eighth we moved forward at a slow pace towards Ely's 
Ford. Oh, what a night of misery ! Murphy's arm commenced to mor- 
tify, while other officers more severely wounded, died, and were put off" by 
the roadside. Now and then an ambulance tipped over with its precious 
freight ; and at all times, the shrieks of the wounded and dying as they 



4IO WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

passed over the cut up roads, were fearful to hear. ' Inflammatory 
Rheumatism ' was told that he had a right to make a little more noise 
than any one else. This right was well used. The rebs still hold Fred- 
ericksburg, so we must halt in the Wilderness another night. To call it a 
sleepless night, is a gentle way of reminding one of no sleep, no food, no 
treatment, maggots, flies, chills and fever, etc." 

Then follow details of individual suffering on the way to 
Fredericksburg, and while there, where wounded men were 
dying around him, while others lived to endure protracted 
agony. The following extract is from a letter dated May i6, 
1864. 

" Poor Lieutenant Wagner died early this morning, after a night of 
fearful suffering. All of us were kept awake by his groanings. I took a 
large dose of morphine at ten p.m., and another at two a.m., but obtained 
no sleep till after daylight. We have bright sunlight, in doors and out. 
All are cheerful save Captain Myers, who is no better, and will probably 
die." 

Other citations, of different dates, will illustrate the situa- 
tion of the wounded, dying and dead, after the battle of the 
Wilderness. 

"May 17. Last night I slept a little under the influence of a heavy 
opiate ; to-night it is my intention to let the stuff alone, and go it on 
nature alone. Captain Morgan has been removed to a private house, 
where he can be alone. His father reports some horrid sights, — too 
horrid for recital. Dead bodies lying around the streets. Men with legs 
amputated lying by the half dozen in hospitals, dying simply from a lack 
of medical treatment of a projDer character. . . . We change doctors once 
in about twenty-four hours, and the wounded suffer accordingly. More 
wounded are arriving. Unless they can get transportation from Belle 
Plain to Washington, their condition here will be pitiful in the extreme. 
Our Commission is working nobly. But for it, many would starve. I am 
really proud to belong to such an organization. . . . We have literally 
been kept aHve by the U. S. S. C." 

" May 18. The photograph enclosed, is of Captain Myers, of whom 
I have written. It is hardly possible that he will live. He is a true sol- 
dier ; a brave and thorough German gentleman. We expected to lose 
him last night, but to-day he has been more comfortable. What would I 
not give to be well and at the front ! " 

" May 19. My morphine powder of last night slept me till twelve, but 
powder number two refused to affect me, so I lay awake till after day- 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 411 

break, reading, etc Upon being fortified with breakfast I 

started trom the iront parlor to make a call upon the dying Captain Myers 
m the back parlor. The movement was very well executed, thou-h per- 
haps not m a very lively manner. I must confess that I did not walk 
alone ; in fact that I had about six feet, - my own, my attendants, and a 

pair of crutches Captain Myers is failing, poor fellow." "Frank 

Le Baron- who knows just how to talk to the sick, and who reads the 
service for them, — has just been in for a moment. ... He found Albert 
Allen this morning, sick. Albert promised to play upon the organs of the 
several churches where the wounded are housed. A band of music has 
been trying to soothe us to sleep, the past few evenings, by playing ' Rock 
me to sleep. Mother,' etc. It was very touching." 

" May 21. Poor Captain Myers lives, but is much weaker to-day. He 
is an influential German of Rochester, and a splendid fellow. To-day I 
read the morning and evening lessons to the crowd. All enjoy them even 
Captain Myers, with his German education. He says of the Psalms 
' They are beautiful.' " 

" May 24. I do not regret waiting, as the captain died last nicrht or 
rather about three o'clock this morning. It will not be possible for me to 
forget the last hours spent with him, and his wife. I query which of the 
two suffered most. He tried very, very hard to conceal his agony, but 
could not do it. As nearly all his conversation was in German, I under- 
stood but little of it, though he always called her ' mama,' or ' good mama ' 
Mrs. Myers behaved splendidly, though she is nearly heart-broken now 
After bathing his cold feet and forehead, he would say to her 'good 
mama,' and whisper in her ear. Sometimes this would be too much for 
the poor thing, and she would fall upon her knees as if stricken by a 
thunderbolt, her hands clasped and raised to heaven. The captain was 
conscious till within ten minutes of the end, and could whisper his mes- 
sages of love. They were left alone for an hour. An old army friend of 
the captain came on with Mrs. Myers, and will see that his body is em- 
balmed, and taken safely to his home." 

Alas, how many thousands of sad wives and mothers still 
bear the memory of such scenes as this. Their brave, cher- 
ished ones are seen no more beneath the sun, but their' mem- 
ory is cherished in loving hearts forevermore. 

The above extracts exhibit merely a brief episode in Mr. 
Barton's army life. He had been at work, the year preceding, 
and the year following was filled up with labor, watching, and 
sympathizing service. 



412 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Section V. — Visiting Soldiers in the Field, 
The first soldiers had scarcely arrived at the place of their 
destination, at Annapolis and Washington, before their friends 
at home began that work of supplying their wants, which was 
followed, in different modes, throughout the war. Packages 
were made up, and were forwarded by the hands of gentlemen 
and sometimes ladies, who visited the camps and hospitals. 
The following facts respecting the very first move in this direc- 
tion, may be relied upon. 

" The Sixth Regiment was fired upon on the nineteenth of April, and 
the car in which their baggage was carried, was switched off, and left in 
the city of Baltimore. They arrived in Washington in a very needy con- 
dition, if not suffering for a change of clothing. News arrived here in 
Worcester, on the twenty-seventh of April, asking for some necessary 
supplies. Colonel Putnam W. Taft at once procured one hundred and 
ten towels, one hundred and ten pairs of stockings, one hundred and ten 
pocket handkerchiefs, and a great variety of other necessary articles, such 
as pins, needles, buttons, yarn, thread, scissors, shears, combs, bottles of 
medicine, soap, newspapers, sheets of song music, etc. The wives, 
sisters and daughters of most of the men were invited by Colonel Taft, to 
send any little luxury or memento in the joackage, that fancy or affection 
might suggest. This large package was sent forward on the twenty-ninth 
of April, to the Worcester Light Infantr}^, and was duly received and 
acknowledged by Captain Harrison W. Pratt. 

On the evening of the thirtieth, two siniilar packages were sent by the 
same gentleman to the City Guards, Captain A. B. R. Sprague, and the 
Emmet Guards, Captain McConville, of the Third Battalion Rifles, all of 
which arrived, and were duly acknowledged by the commanding officers of 
each company. The above goods were the first sanitary goods sent to 
the front, at the beginning of the war, from any source in the United 
States." 

The letters from the officers of the Worcester pioneer com- 
panies were very earnest in their expressions of gratitude for 
the articles which were sent. It is a pleasant fact that the 
benevolence of Worcester led the way in this form of aid and 
encouragement, so helpful and cheering to the soldier, afar 
from home and friends, and Colonel Taft may be proud of the 
distinction of having taken the first step in the grand 
movement. 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 413 

What was thus begun, was followed up most liberally until 
the war was over, and the surviving soldiers had returned to 
their homes. Different gentlemen were continually visiting 
the soldiers in the field, and they always went with full hands. 
They gave from their own resources, as well as from the 
friends who made them the almoners of their bounty. This 
was in addition to the immense quantities of stores sent by 
the Ladies' Relief Society. 

The fact that Major Hall early started with a large supply 
has already been stated. On the fifth of May, 1862, nearly a 
ton of boxes, packages, etc., were sent off for the Twenty-fifth 
Regiment, then at Newbern, and thus every regiment was 
remembered, as its wants became known. Soon the Soldiers 
Relief Society was formed, and the work of supplying the sol- 
diers with necessaries and comforts, was systematized. More 
than fourteen thousand dollars in cash, as we have seen, were 
laid out in their behalf, besides more than twice that sum in 
stores. In addition, whoever visited the camps, the hospitals, 
or the armies in the fields, took with them large sums from 
individuals, to be used for the benefit of the soldiers. For 
example, the Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, then mayor of the city, 
and Henry S. Washburn, Esq., left for the seat of war, on the 
third of September, 1862, taking with them five hundred and 
fifty-two dollars in money, besides a large quantities of sup- 
plies. At another time, Messrs. Alzirus and J. Stuart Brown, 
visited the soldiers, bearing between eleven and twelve hun- 
dred dollars, in addition to barrels and boxes of stores. These 
are specimens of benevolence of which there is no record. It 
would be safe to say that the visitors to the soldiers could be 
counted by scores, and even by hundreds, during the war, and 
very few of these returned without leaving something either 
from their own purses, or from others who supplied them with 
funds to be used for the men in the service. It would be 
pleasant to record the names of all these benefactors, if it were 
practicable. Many have already been mentioned in the reo-i- 
mental histories. The best record of these and of all other 
benefactors will be found in the hearts of grateful soldiers. 



414 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Section VI. — Soldiers in Prison. 

There are no official records accessible from which the 
names of our men who were taken prisoners can be ascer- 
tained. Neither the reports of the Adjutant General, nor the 
large quarto volumes now in course of publication by the 
state, and which contain the names of all officers and men 
who entered the service from Massachusetts, arranged by- 
companies and regiments, give the names of those taken by 
the enemy. The lists of prisoners that were published in the 
papers of the day, were incorrect. The original intention to 
give the names of those imprisoned, has been reluctantly 
abandoned as hopeless. The number of prisoners lost by cer- 
tain regiments, will be found in the history of those regiments, 
so far as the number could be gathered from official reports. 
To these the reader is referred. 

The design of this section is to present a specimen or two 
of prison experiences, which were endured by the " boys in 
blue " when they were so unfortunate as to fall into rebel 
hands. The officers generally fared better, though in respect 
to them the usages of war were not always regarded. But the 
treatment of our soldiers, in many prisons, will fasten everlast- 
ing disgrace upon the rebel government at Richmond. The 
base wretch who commanded at Andersonville, and who was 
the instrument of torture used by Jefferson Davis in starving 
our poor men into insanity, disease and death, was tried, and 
condemned, and put to deserved death, by our government. 
But there were more guilty wretches than he, who have 
indeed escaped their deserts, but who are loaded down with 
the curses of prisoners who were treated with a cruelty which 
has no parallel in the records of Christian nations. In the 
third volume of Draper's History of the War, there is a chap- 
ter detailing the conduct of the rebels towards our prisoners 
at Andersonville. It appears that the medical authorities in 
charge of the prison, repeatedly remonstrated with their own 
government against the hard treatment of the prisoners ; but 
no heed was given to their representations. The barbarity 
went forward unchecked and unrebuked. All the facts col- 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 415 

lected by Dr. Draper serve to show that the sufferings of our 
men were greater than had been beheved at the north. It 
was hard to credit the reports of our returned prisoners. It 
seemed as if they must have exaggerated their sufferings, 
while yet feeling the smart. And it was difficult to believe 
that any of our countrymen could exhibit so much of the sav- 
age as was reported. But the authentic facts prove that our 
men who finally found deliverance from the prison house 
actually understated the horrors of their condition. The facts 
surpass the cruelties of fiction. The " black hole " of Calcutta 
was but for a night, and the Bengalese did not anticipate the 
awful fate of those who died before morning. But the hell of 
Andersonville lasted for months ; its condition was reported 
to the rebel government ; our men were slowly driven to 
death. They were forced into all the diseases that infest 
prison life, and then held in that situation until death put an 
end to their sufferings. The infamy of such treatment should 
rest on the memory of Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis, as 
long as human records endure. 

The experience of two or three of our captured soldiers will 
now be given in condensed form. 

Amos E. Stearns, a native of Taunton, but a citizen of 
Worcester, before and since the war, was a member of the 
Twenty-fifth Regiment. He was in the battles of Roanoke 
Island, Nevvbern, Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro, Port 
Walthall and Drury's Bluff. At the latter he was taken pris- 
oner, May 16, 1864. He was taken to Libby Prison, and kept 
about a week. At first he had rations, but before the week 
was out, he was put, with the other prisoners, on what might 
be called starvation allowance. About the thirtieth of May he 
was removed to Andersonville, where he remained till near 
the middle of September. After this he was at several 
prisons, as the rebel forces were driven northward by General 
Sheridan, until he was paroled in February, 1865. 

While at Andersonville his food was from a pint to a quart 
of corn meal, per day. Sometimes rice was substituted for 
meal. Occasionally a little meat was allowed ; but this was 



4l6 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

seldom, and not more than the size of two fingers at a time. 
Some salt was furnished. There was no shelter ; much of the 
time the water was scanty and poor. There was food enough 
to keep a man alive ; not enough to assuage hunger ; just 
enough to make life a torment. At length he was attacked 
with scurvy, for which he received no adequate treatment. 
Exposed to heat and storm ; liable to be shot down like a dog 
if he crossed the dead line by accident or inadvertence ; com- 
pelled to hear the groanings of the dying around him ; horri- 
fied to see his dead companions dragged off like so many 
carcasses, and put into pits, which Union soldiers were forced 
to dig ; all these and other horrors combined to render exist- 
ence a prolonged agony. Mr. Stearns emphatically testifies 
that the reports of our soldiers' sufferings in prison are below 
the awful reality. 

Martin McCue was also a member of the Twenty-fifth, in 
the company of Captain Thomas O'Neil. He was also cap- 
tured at Drury's Bluff, and taken to Libby Prison. In a 
few weeks he was removed to Andersonville, and subjected to 
the cruel treatment which seemed to be the rule at that 
prison. By reason of a good constitution, he was better able 
to endure than many of his comrades. With the exception of 
chronic diarrhea, he was comparatively well, during the seven 
months of his imprisonment at Andersonville, and could earn 
something by assisting others. But his own sufferings were 
great, besides the pain of beholding the more intense suffer- 
ings of comrades. The prisoners endured much from thirst. 
This fact enables us to understand how they appreciated a 
shower, and regarded it as a special divine interposition. He 
says that a great thunder-shower washed away the stockade 
in two places. Then the prisoners shouted as if the Lord was 
opening the way for their deliverance. By the shower, a hill 
within the prison bounds, was so surcharged with rain, that a 
spring burst out on the side, and the prisoners drank their fill. 
After drinking they would fill their boots and carry them to 
their c|uarters. He states that this spring flowed several 
months, and the soldiers regarded it as a gift of divine favor. 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 417 

George Wellington was the son of Mr. Timothy Welling- 
ton. Brave son and honored father! Mr. Wellington took 
an active part in sustaining the government by all the means 
in his power. Heart, and hand, and purse, were all enlisted 
in the work. But his noblest offering was four sons, all of 
whom went into the war. Edward and Frank enlisted as pri- 
vates in the Twenty-fifth, and after serving through Burn- 
side's campaign in North Carolina, the former was promoted 
to a lieutenancy in Colonel Lowell's Cavalry ; but he resigned 
his position on account of failing health. Frank was detailed 
to the commissary department, and was stationed at New- 
bern, where he remained till his term of service had expired. 
Charles, a third son, enlisted in the navy, and served fifteen 
months. George, a twin brother of Charles, at the age of 
seventeen, enlisted in the Second Heavy Artillery, was taken 
prisoner at Plymouth, North Carolina, and sent to Anderson- 
ville, where he died, a victim to rebel barbarity. Mr. Welling- 
ton not only sent these sons to the war, but he provided, at his 
own expense, a hospital in Worcester, for the sick and dis- 
abled soldiers, which he supported about five months, and dis- 
pensed aid to fifty or sixty sick or wounded men. These 
facts seemed to demand permanent record and commemora- 
tion, but the subject in hand is the treatment of his son 
George in a rebel prison. 

When Mr. McCue entered the prison at Andersonville, he 
met George Wellington, for whose father he had worked in 
Worcester. George v/as then very feeble with chronic diar- 
rhea. His food was cob-meal, and a trifle of molasses, thin. 
He had a little money, and bought bread of a rebel sutler at 
an exorbitant price. He had no shelter except a blanket on 
sticks, which the wet penetrated. He had scurvy, with dis- 
eased gums, which bled freely. He was wasted away to skin 
and bones. McCue saw him every day, and sometimes two 
or three times a day. Young Wellington would come down 
where he was and lie down in the sand. The effects of his 
disease are too painful to describe. About a fortnight before 
he died he became too weak to move. His mind was clouded, 

27 



41 8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and the last two days he did not recognise McCue. At times 
he was raving. But generally he was talking about home, and 
saying if he could get money from his father, he would not 
die out there. He often longed for home ; but said he never 
was sorry that he went to the war. This was his second term 
of service. 

The accursed spirit of slavery could inflict and protract 
such tortures. It is some consolation to reflect that our 
brave patriots gave their lives to abolish slavery, and make it 
forever impossible in our redeemed country. 

It should be added here, that during the war, our citizens 
did everything feasible to reach their friends in southern 
prisons, and contribute to their comfort, but there is no record 
of a tithe of what was done in this labor of love. 

Section VII. — Female Nurses. 
At the opening of the war the people pressed upon the gov- 
ernment the importance of providing well for the soldiers. In 
addition, they sought in every way, through unofficial channels, 
to mitigate the hardships of the camp, and the sufferings of 
the hospital. At first the presence and aid of private persons 
was not well received by surgeons and others in authority. It 
is probable that injudicious visitors to the field interfered, at 
times, with the regulations of the service, and sometimes their 
well-meant efforts were harmful to the objects of their kind- 
ness. But the feelings of the people could not be suppressed ; 
they only needed to be guided in projDer channels and brought 
into systematic action. Hence arose the Sanitary Commission 
and the Christian Commission. But these agencies offered 
no field for female enterprise except in providing stores at 
home. Some were impelled to seek service in hospitals, 
where they could personally minister to the sick, wounded and 
dying. Their presence was at first not sought nor desired. 
Some surgeons objected to their coming, and positively refused 
to admit them to the hospitals under their charge. They did 
not consider such places suitable for women. But female 
kindness and persistency prevailed. In many hospitals, east 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 419 

and west, lady nurses were employed, and their presence was 
not only a great comfort to the men, but had a restraining 
influence on their conversation and deportment. And these 
ladies testify that they were treated with respect, and were 
the recipients of grateful testimonials from the soldiers. 

Six ladies, if not more, went from Worcester to engage in 
this service. Some of these were mothers, and some were 
widows of soldiers who had fallen. Others were impelled by 
patriotic kindness, though drawn to the hospital by no special 
cause. The following are the names of those who went from 
this city, viz: Mrs. Helen Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Gird, Mrs. 
Susan Ware, Miss Elizabeth Wheeler, Miss Julia M. Goddard, 
(now Rev. Mrs. Austin), and Mrs. Susan E. Alger. Their 
terms of service, and their experience in the hospitals, were in 
some respects different ; but in general they were so alike, 
that the record of one may answer for that of all. 

Mrs. Alger had an only son, — and he was an only child, — 
who entered the service early, and served faithfully till cap- 
tured by the rebels, by whom he was subjected to the horrors 
of a southern prison till death released him. It was while her 
son was alive that she engaged in the self-denying labor of a 
hospital nurse. Sympathy for the suffering was the impelling 
motive in her case, as in that of others. 

She was employed in McDougall General Hospital, Fort 
Schuyler, N.Y., about seven months. The rules in regard 
to female nurses were very strict ; but were such as ladies of 
character cordially approved. After seven months of contin- 
uous toil, she left with high commendation from the medical 
officers in charge. It was her design to continue in such ser- 
vice, but ill health prevented. 

At McDougall Hospital Mrs. Alger had a ward of fifty- 
seven beds, and though the patients kept her in constant em- 
ployment, she never felt so well paid elsewhere as in waiting 
upon the sick and wounded soldiers, because they were so 
grateful. Though they were men of many nations, and 
though some were coarse and rough in manners, they never 
uttered an unkind word to their nurses, and were always 
thankful for favors. 



420 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

She remembers with great pleasure a Thanksgiving dinner 
which she was enabled to spread for them, through the kind- 
ness of Worcester friends. She writes : *•' Mrs. T. W. Wel- 
lington, and Mr. Lucius W. Pond, came to us heavily laden 
with niceties for us Worcester nurses, three in number. We 
then, by permission, sat down at the table with the men. 
Those too weak to be at the table, sat or lay on their cots. 
As I took my seat, waiting for the steward to dish out tea 
and coffee, and saw crippled men on my right and on my left in 
tears, I spoke to change the scene, for my heart was sad, as 
my own son was I knew not where. Some of us said, ' This 
is a new Thanksgiving to us,' and some of the men said, it 
was over a year since they had sat at table with a lady ; and 
now with their soldier viotJicr, they were reminded of loved 
ones at home. The absence of my own son was all that pre- 
vented it being the happiest Thanksgiving I ever spent." 

The testimonials of gratitude towards our lady nurses were 
many. One must suffice as the counterpart of a large number. 
Mr. W. W. Dunham, a soldier from Maine, desires to have it 
recorded that he owes his life to the kindness of Worcester 
people. First, he remembers gratefully the aid of Rev. H. L. 
Wayland, formerly pastor of the Main Street Baptist Church, 
and in the war, chaplain of the Seventh Connecticut Infantry, 
who while on board a steamboat, kept him from bleeding to 
death, and saved his arm. The faithful nursing of Mrs. Alger 
while he was in McDougall Hospital, he holds in not less 
thankful remembrance. 

It should be added that the soldiers in field and hospital 
were indebted to other ladies who went to the front, or were 
connected with the army. Among these was Mrs. E. M. 
Rice, wife of Dr. Marcus Rice, who was with her husband 
during a large part of his term of service. Though not a 
nurse, or in any way officially connected with the hospitals, she 
could not see the poor men suffer, without being moved to 
aid them all in her power. 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 42 1 

Section VIII. — Miss Clara Barton. 
Oxford has the honor of being the home of Miss Barton. 
Her fame is inseparably connected with the history of the 
federal armies in the war against the rebellion. But from the 
fact that she has many relations and friends in Worcester, and 
that she felt peculiar interest in the soldiers who composed 
the regiments which were recruited in this city, arises the 
consideration that her name should hold an honored place in 
the story of Worcester's heroism and endurance. Perhaps 
nothing could exhibit, in briefer compass the nature of her 
labors, and the spirit which animated her in their perform- 
ance, than the following letter. The occasion was this. Mi's. 
Helen C. Harlow, formerly of Shrewsbury, while on the way 
to her home in California, heard of the battles in the AVilder- 
ness, and sent fifty dollars to T. W. Hammond, Esq., to be 
used in promoting the comfort of the suffering soldiers. Mr. 
Hammond sent the money to Miss Barton, to be used at her 
discretion. Her response, dated at Washington, June 19, 
1864. was in the following heart-warm sentences. 

" My Dear Friend : I have been waiting some days in the vain hope 
of finding a /wi'^^'r minute in which to rejjly to your excellent letter, and 
acknowledge the reception of the generous donation of a check for fifty 
dollars, [$50] forwarded me by you. Please accept, in behalf 0/ our suffer- 
ing armies, my most heart-felt thanks, both for yourself, and the patriotic, 
kind-hearted lady, whose soul has gone out in sympathy with her eastern 
brothers, fighting and dying in the Virginia swamps, hundreds of miles 
from her home of flowers. First to her for the gift belong my grateful 
thanks, and next, and more especially, my good friend, to you, for the 
appropriation you were pleased to make of it. I am glad my acquaintances 
have the confidence in my integrity and ability, which enables them con- 
scientiously to entrust their bounty to my hands. They will never know 
how faithfully I shall strive to use all so entrusted, can never understand 
as I do the new estimate of value and means that the last few years' expe- 
rience has given me. Formerly a dollar was a dollar only, and might be 
indiiferently used, or laid aside for future contingencies ; now, with the 
memory of all these bloody fields of perishing men, constantly looming up 
in my sight, — a dollar is a life, — must be expended to the best possible 
advantage, and may not be retained a single hour, lest while it waits, some 
father's soul goes up to God, and his widowed wife and orphaned children 
weep alone upon the desolate hearth-stone. Nothing but these terrible 



422 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

scenes has ever for a moment of my life, enkindled in my mind the just 
desire for wealth. To-day, I would take the wealth of a gold mine, if I 
could get it, and to-morrow I should be poor. 

It will of course be no news to you that I expect to start for James 
River soon, and I shall be most happy if I am able, to do any favor for 
my Worcester-county friends among their friends at the field." 

Section IX. — Aid to Freedmen. 

As our armies moved south of Mason and Dixon's line, 
many free blacks, and a larger number of slaves were so 
changed in their relations in life as to become dependent on 
the government, and upon their friends in the loyal states. 
As all were now alike practically free wherever our arms pre- 
vailed, they were all treated as one class. At first it was a 
puzzle to our commanders in the field, — even those of them 
who detested slavery, — to know what to do with escaped 
slaves. General Butler, by a happy hit, termed them contra- 
bands, and under that name, felt no scruples in making use of 
them in carrying on the war, and withholding them from 
recapture by their masters. Later they took the title of 
freedmen, which has adhered to them. 

The antecedents of Worcester would raise the presump- 
tion that her citizens would be ready to respond to any and 
all proper calls upon their liberality in behalf of the colored 
people of the South, whether free or bond. The result was 
what might have been expected. The contributions in aid of 
contrabands and freedmen, so far as there is any accessible 
record, will be given in this place. 

The Ladies' Committee in behalf of the contrabands at 
Fortress Monroe, and elsewhere, were as follows. Mrs. John 
Davis, Mrs. Ichabod Washburn, Mrs. E. L. Barnard, Mrs. J. 
Aldrich, Mrs. James C. Morse, Mrs. L. B. Witherby, Mrs. 
Edwin Moody, Mrs. Samuel P. Lee, Mrs. Theodore Brown, 
Miss Fanny Brown, Mrs. Jason Putnam, Mrs. B. W. Perkins, 
and Mrs. Lemuel Moss. They were organized by choosing 
Mrs. Washburn, President ; Mrs. Davis, Vice-President ; 
Mrs. Edward Earle, Treasurer, and Mrs. Theo. Brown, Sec- 
retary. The first meeting was on the twenty-seventh of 
December, 1861. 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 423 

On the eleventh of January, 1862, the tommittee received 
from the Salem Street Society, a large supply of new and 
second-hand clothing. 

The Old South Sunday School, on motion of Colonel Esta- 
brook, voted to devote the collections for the next three 
months, to the purchase of common-school books for the igno- 
rant contrabands. 

By the seventh of March the ladies working for the contra- 
bands had sent twenty-six barrels of clothing. 

On the twentieth of November Mrs. John Davis appealed 
to the public for aid for the slaves through the agency of the 
Slaves' Relief Society. 

December 5, the society met with Mrs. Washburn, the 
president. The report stated that ^117.15 had been received, 
and that thirty-eight boxes had been sent away, about thirty 
of which had been made up in Worcester. The officers of 
last year were re-appointed, and the following were constituted 
an executive committee : Mrs. S. H. Colton, Mrs. Charles 
Hadwen, Mrs. J. C. Morse, Mrs. Lemuel Moss, Mrs. W. H. 
Sanford, Mrs. S. Souther, Mrs. Putnam, Mrs. E. Draper, Mrs. 
James Estey, Mrs. Wetherbee, Mrs. Benjamin Allen, Mrs. 
James Whiton, Mrs. Penniman, Mrs. Perkins, Mrs. E. W. 
Healy, Mrs. Edwin Moody, Mrs. Barry, Mrs. Avery Davis, 
and Miss Martha Le Baron. 

On the fifteenth of January, 1863, eighty-two dollars, in 
money, and a great variety of articles were sent for the relief 
of the contrabands. 

A large meeting was held, July 17, in Mechanics Hall, 
though the weather was stormy, to hear the Rev. Horace 
James and others in behalf of his mission among the freedmen 
of North Carolina. Hon. A. H. Bullock was in the chair, and 
made a brief but eloquent speech. Mr. James said he was 
sent north by Major-General Foster, as superintendent of con- 
trabands, though still chaplain of the Twenty-fifth. The 
blacks desired freedom, and education. He wanted to colo- 
nize Roanoke Island, and earnestly appealed for help. He 
was followed in an impressive manner by John B. Gough. A 



424 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

subscription was begun at the meeting. Mr. James had 
obtained quite a sum in Boston, to purchase a saw-mill, a 
steam-engine, and other articles. 

At a regular weekly meeting in the vestry of the Union 
Church, July 22, Rev. Mr. Cutler made a suggestion and an 
appeal in behalf of the unoffending colored people of New 
York. This was just after those bloody riots in which many 
colored people were killed by the brutal mob. 

A Freedmen's Aid meeting held at the Old South Church, 
April 17, 1864, was largely attended. Rev. E. Cutler pre- 
sided. It was reported that since December, 1861, the soci- 
ety had sent between ^3,000 and ;^4,ooo, at an expense of 
about $7$.. A collection of $108.50 was taken at the meeting. 

In April the society received $79.85 for general, and 
$316.50 for educational purposes. 

On the fourth of June, $200.00 were received by the soci- 
ety for the benefit of the freedmen. In August, $83.16 were 
received. 

By October, 1864, the society had sent over $4,000, besides 
contributing $770.90 to the educational fund, and forwarding 
a large number of boxes and barrels of clothing, and other 
stores. 

In January, 1865, the Freedmen's Relief Society received 
in money, $1471.46; and on the tenth of February, $587.47 
were added to the funds by a contribution. Several boxes and 
$295.15, were sent out on the tenth of February. 

The annual report, October 14, 1865, gave the receipts for 
the year, amounting to $2,491.01. During the next month, 
$65.87 were added to the above ; and in December, $463.50 
additional were received. Aid for the freedmen was contin- 
ued in this way, until gradually the work of caring for and 
educating them and their children, was assumed by various 
denominational societies, in connection with the Freedmen's 
Bureau, under the brave and good General Howard. 

The amount of the various sums specified above is over 
$6,500.00. To this must be added the immense amount of 
property sent out in the shape of clothing, books, engines, and 
imnlements of husbandry. 



BENEVOLENCE OF WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 425 

In the meantime, during the early part of 1865, the sum of 
$2,568.40, had been raised in Worcester, in consequence of 
an appeal by Colonel N. G. Taylor, for the benefit of white 
refugees and suffering loyalists in East Tennessee. 

Such is the record of the benevolence of Worcester during 
the years 1861-65, for purposes connected with, and growing 
directly out of the war. If the sums of money specified above 
should be multiplied by five, the amount actually given, in 
various forms, would not be exaggerated. 



426 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 






CHAPTER XIX. 

COMMUTATION. — COST OF THE WAR. 

Section I. — Commutations. — Substitutes for Drafted Men. — 
Substitutes for Enrolled Men. — Representative Recruits. 

The number of our citizens who paid commutation, was 
one hundred and three. The number of substitutes for 
drafted men, was fifty-three. The number of substitutes for 
enrolled men, was fifty-nine. The number of representative 
recruits is not known, but was not large. 

The following are the names of "drafted men "who paid 
commutation, under the draft of July, 1863. 



Henry E. Cobb, 
Henry D. Ward, 
George A. Gates, 
George E. Murdock, 
Waldo Merrit, 
Gill)ert J. Rugg, 
Theo. F. Bacon, 
Hiram Raskins, 
George Dana, 
Henry Mitchell, 
Theodore H. Sawyer, 
Joseph Goulding, 
Thomas J. Welch, 
Matthew Dorcey, 
William A. Newland, 
Franklin W. Harrington, 
William H, Moore, 
George Olney, 
Harvey E. Park, 
Rodney A. Smith, 
Andrew H. Hammond, 
James Mclntyre, 
Stephen M. Haskell, 
Walter M. Swift, 
Davis B. Perry, 
David C. Talbot, 
Amasa Hinds, 
William H. Lucas, 



Charles H. Whitcomb, 
Nelson J. Adams, 
George W. Dean, 
Alvah C. Trafton, 
George E. Cutler, 
Albert C. Buttrick, 
Samuel Davis, 
George A. Barnard, 
John B. Cosgrove, 
Andrew J. Gustin, 
Francis A. Thompson, 
William H. Field, 
Arthur E. Estabrook, 
George C. Sawyer, 
Albert W. Lackey, 
J. Hobart Brooks, 
John G. Brady, 
Lucius P. Rowth, 
Cyrus B. Allen, 
Harris M. Krables, 
Charles A. Hardy, 
William Coes, 
Albert T. Prentiss, 
Henry C. Valentine, 
Stephen A. Richardson, 
Stockwell Clarke, 
Rufus W. Blake, 
Charles Hubbard, 



Charles N. Cutler, 
George E. Crane, 
George R. Andrews, 
George H. Smith, 
Francis A. Bacon, 
Benj. F. Harrington, 
Henry Shaw, 
Edwin A. Thwing, 
Harvey S. Tainter, 
Charles H. Tower, 
Mark D. Knowlton, 
George H. Bushnell, 
Samuel B. Parsons, 
Abial E. Wilson, 
Oliver C. Haven, 
Charles A. Chace, 
Charles C. Abbott, 
William A. Cheney, 
Nathan B. Gates, 
Nathaniel Paine, 
Newell K. Holden, 
John D. Washburn, 
Levi Jackson, 
George E. Barton, 
Edwin A. Babcock, 
Leander S. Wood, 
Frederick J. Barnard, 
Horace Sheldon, 



COMMUTATION. 



427 



John M. Geer, 
John W. Young, 
James M. Murray, 
George W. Rugg, 
Charles F. Rugg, 
Holland P. Evans, 
Chester C. Hastings. 



Solomon O. Heald, 
William P. Heywood, 
Clifton C. Webster, 
James N. Chace, 
George N. Richardson, 
George Austin. 



Harvey B. Wilder, 
Frederick W. Plympton, 
George P. Rogers, 
James Clarke, 
Charles H. Lamb, 
Joseph Howe. 



In addition to the above one hundred and three names, 
seven more were drafted in 1864, but were not wanted. 

Fifty-three men who were "drafted" in 1863, furnished 
substitutes. The names of the substitutes are in the Hst of 
soldiers, in the closing chapter. The names of those who fur- 
nished the substitutes here follow. 



Malick A. Loring, 
Newell Clifford, 
Francis Copeland, 
Charles S. Bacon, 
Abner Newcomb, 
W. W. Hasford, 
Charles V. Putnam, 
Henry O. Bradley, 
George F. Hewett, 
George A. Lombard, 
Charles A. Clarke, 
Ben Zaider, 
J. Brown Alden, 
Henry White, 
Osgood Plummer, 
Joshua D. Hewes, 
Edwin S. Lawrence, 
James E. Browning, 



Asa G. Kendall, 
J. P. Streeter, 
Daniel Cachlan, 
Charles W. Stone, 
Edwin Thompson, 
Joseph A. Estes, 
John F. Murray, 
George Crompton, 
Alphonzo Eastman, 
Eddy Cooper, 
James Booth, 
Henry Billings, 
John W. Clarke, 
Pat Dower, 
Jesse G. Sargent, 
Stillman J. Chamberlin, 
Horace O. Hudson, 
John C. White. 



George F. Wood, 
Henry P. Boyden, 
James E. Allen, 
Judson W. Hall, 
George G. Manning, 
Robert W. Wheaton, 
William L. Gulliver, 
Alfred Knapp, 
Bradford Peabody, 
Charles A. Bowker, 
William Knowles, 
Horace W. Wilson, 
Stephen Salisbury, Jr., 
Henry M. Corbett, 
Daniel W. Prouty, 
Henry Howe, 
Joseph K. Barton. 



The following fifty-nine names of "enrolled " citizens have 
been found in the rolls of the provost marshal, who deserve 
credit for having paid for substitutes before they were drafted. 
The average cost of a substitute at the time, was six hundred 
and fifty dollars. Some paid as high as eight hundred dollars. 
These are the names : 



Daniel W. Bemis, 
Merrick Bemis, 
Hiram Butterfield, 
E. H. Chamberlin, 
James W. Holmes, 
William A Richardson, 
J. Milton Rice, 
Philip L. Moen, 
John E. Phelps, 
Henry L. Stone, 
George T. King, 
Smith Quimby, 



William L. Clark, 
Joseph D. Daniels, 
Dwight Foster, 
Otis S. Hammond, 
Russell L. Hawes, 
Warren D. Hobbs, 
Lewis Lewisson, 
Henry A. RLirsh, 
Willard Richmond, 
John K. Tiffany, 
George F. Verry, 
Aaron Whittemore, 



Jonathan D. Sibley, 
Samuel Brown, 
Charles Belcher, 
George S. Barton, 
William Cross, 
Harlan P. Duncan, 
Thomas Earle, 
Thomas H. Dodge, 
Danforth Harris, 
Lewis Earned, Jr., 
Amariah B. Lovell, 
James S. Pinkham, 



428 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

R. N. Start, Henry Woodward, Elijah B. Stoddard, 

Lucius L. Brigham, John W. Wetherell, Charles W. Smith, 

Hiram Forbes, Alzirus Brown, Adin Thayer, 

Henry Flagg, Jacob Childs, Samuel Winslow, 

Isiaah D. Russell, John Dean, Franklin Wesson, 

Charles J. Anthony, George S. Hoppin, Joseph H. Walker, 

James B. Blake, C. A. Hoppin, Samuel Woodman. 

Harrison Bliss, Jr., Charles B. Pratt. 

A few citizens, not liable to military duty, paid for " repre- 
sentative recruits ; " but their names cannot be found. 

Section II. — What the War Cost. 
The expense of the war to the citizens of Worcester, 
includes many items, such as these, i. Bounties paid by the 
city. 2. Expenses of recruiting. 3. State aid to families 
during and since the war. 4. Commutation money paid by 
citizens who were drafted. 5. Money paid by drafted men 
for substitutes. 6. Money paid by enrolled men for substi- 
tutes. 7. Money paid for representative recruits. 8. The 
city's proportion of the State war debt, exclusive of State aid. 
9. The city's proportion of the national war debt. 10. Benev- 
olence during the war, such as Ladies' Relief Soldiers' Rest, 
Sanitary and Christian Commissions, and private donations. 

I. Bounties paid by the city, or by citizens, in detail. 

Under the call of the president, in 1861, 234 three months' men en- 
listed, and 945 three years' men enlisted, without any expense for 
bounties. 

Under the call of July 1862, three years' men, 326, 
Bounties paid by the city, .... $3^,^93 
Call of August 4, 1862, nine months' men, 376, 
Bounties paid by the city, .... $3^>773 
Call of October 17, 1^63, three years' men, 272, 
[Bounties paid by citizens, .... $10,847 
Calls of February 24, and March 14, 1864, three years' 
men, 836, 
Bounties paid by the city, .... 3Sf^7° 

" " Citizens .... 31,175 

Call of July 18, 1864, three years' men, 30, 
Call of July 18 1864, two years' men, 2, 

« " " one " " 528, 

Amount carried forward, . . . $145,758 



COST OF THE WAR. 429 

Amount brought forward, . . . $145,758 

Bounties paid by the city, .... 20,431 

" " citizens, . . • . 21,298 
Call of December 19, 1864, three years' men, 79, 
Call of December 19, 1864, one year's men, 150, 

Bounties paid by the city, .... 30,890 

" " citizens, . . . . . 23,202 

Total expense of recruiting, . . . . 4,074 



Total of bounties and expense of recruiting, $245,653.00 

Total number of men furnished, 3,927. 

The number of men was not so large, because some of 
them enlisted more than once. They were counted every 
time they enlisted. Those who wish to know the number 
of years' service furnished by the city, and the number of 
three years' men, have the data before them. The number 
of years' service divided by three, will give the number of 
men reduced to the three years' term. 
II. Commutation money paid by drafted men, . . $33,000 

III. Money paid by drafted men for substitutes, . 17,100 

IV. Money paid by enrolled men for substitutes, . 43,550 

$93,650.00 

V. State aid to families, 1861-1870, . ... .246,751.60 

Total bounties, state aid, commutation, etc., . . . $586,054.60 

The above figures are from official sources, and nearly correct. 

VI. Ladies' Soldiers' Rehef Society, . .... 14,033.00 



VII. Sanitary and Christian Commissions, 
VIII. Money sent to soldiers in the field, . 
IX. Money for the freedmen, . 
X. " " East Tennessee, . 



2,382.44 
1,800.00 
6,500.00 
2,568.40 



Total, $27,283.84 

The above statement of the results of our citizens' benevo- 
lence in the war, is very imperfect. It has already been stated 
that the amount ought to be multiplied by five, and some per- 
sons familiar with passing events during the war, affirm that if 
multiplied by ten, or equalled to $272,838, the statement would 
not be an exaggeration. 

The proportion of the State war debt which belongs to the 
city of Worcester, cannot be ascertained with any definitcness. 

The proportion of the national debt incurred during the war, 
which Worcester has paid, or will have to pay before the debt 
is liquidated, cannot be less than three million dollars. 



430 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER XX. 

THE GUARDS — HOME AND STATE. 

In giving a history of the State Guard, it will be necessary 
to make a brief reference to two organizations which preceded 
its incorporation in the year 1863. Some of the facts con- 
cerning these two companies have already been recited, but 
for the sake of convenience, they will be brought together in 
this chapter. 

The honorary and past members of the Worcester Light 
Infantry, held a meeting, April, 24, 1861, at their armory, and 
adopted a plan of organization. According to this plan, two 
classes of members were to be enrolled ; — one to constitute a 
Home Guard, and the other to consist of active members 
from whom to recruit the existing company then in the ser- 
vice with the celebrated Sixth Regiment, should it become 
necessary. At this meeting many members put their names 
on the roll. 

Another meeting was held on the first day of May, when 
the organization was completed by the choice of officers, as 
follows : 

D. Waldo Lincoln, Captain. 
Henry W. Conklin, First Lieut. Putnam W. Taft, Third Lietit. 

W. A. Williams, Second " Ivers Phillips, Fourth " 

In the meantime another company had been forming. On 
the twenty-sixth of April, the past and fine members of the 
City Guards held a large and spirited meeting. General 
George Hobbs was chairman, and John Boyden, clerk. The 
permanent organization was completed by the election of the 
following officers. 



THE GUARDS HOME AND STATE. 43 I 

George W. Ward, Captain, 

E. A. Wood, First Lieut. C. B. Whiting, Third Lieut., 

William A. Smith, Second " John Boyden, Fourth " 

W. H. Drury, First Sergeant, Silas W. Goddard, Third Sergeant, 

Richard Fiske, Second " George A. Brown, Fourth " 

J. D. Chollar, First Corporal, George E. Barrett, Third Corporal, 

H. C. Foster, Second " John H. Field, Fotcrth " 

The objects had in view by the members were the forma- 
tion of a Home Guard, the selection of a relief committee, and 
holding regular meetings for military drill of those who might 
join as recruiting members. 

On the third of August the Light Infantry had a public 
reception on their return from service in and near Washing- 
ton. The Old Infantry Guards, D. Waldo Lincoln, com- 
mander, united in giving them a welcome, and Captain Lin- 
coln presided at the table. The speeches at that reception are 
briefly sketched in a former chapter. 

From this date there is occasional mention in the journals, 
of the Home Guard, without specifying whether City Guards 
or Light Infantry, but as the name of Colonel Ivers Phillips 
always appears in the connection, the inference is that the 
Infantry Home Guard is the one intended. The funerals of 
soldiers were generally attended by the Home Guard, und er 
Colonel Phillips, previous to June, 1863. So far as appears, 
the Old City Guards made no public appearance until the 
funeral of Colonel George H. Ward, when they attended in a 
body under C. B. Whiting. 

The State Guard. 
In 1863, the legislature passed an act, under which a new 
company was formed in Worcester, called the State Guard, 
after which date there is no farther mention of either company 
of Home Guards unless of their disbanding. On the twenty- 
sixth of May, 1863, Governor Andrew issued a special order 
which reads thus : 

" Allen Harris, Esq., and one hundred and one others of Worcester, 
having forwarded to the adjutant-general a roll of enlistment for the State 



432 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



Guard of the Commonwealth, under chapter 167, Acts of 1863, it is 
ordered that a company be organized of the men thus enhsted, and that a 
captain and one first and one second heutenant be immediately chosen. 
The order to assemble the men for the election will be directed to Allen 
Harris Esq., of Worcester, who will furnish the presiding officer with an 
attested copy of the enlistment roll, previous to the meeting. The usual 
ten days notice to electors will be waived." 

The usual formalities having been complied with, a meeting 
was held, May 28, when Colonel Ivers Phillips was chosen 
captain. Captain Dana H. Fitch, first lieutenant, and John R. 
Green, second lieutenant. 

Another meeting was held by adjournment, on the thirtieth 
of May, when the organization was completed by the choice 
of the following non-commissioned officers, musicians and 
wa2:oner. 



John Boyden, First Sergeant, 



Thomas Pierce, 



Sergeant, 



Samuel Houghton, 
Joel Davis, 
John S. Clark, 
Rufus R. Shepherd, 
Simeon Clapp, 
L. L. Mason, 



Corporal, 



Henry Phelps, Quarter-tnaster Ser- 
geant, 
Healy Baker, Sergeant and Clerk, 
D. L. Tourtelott, Cofporal, 
Edward Clark, " 

J. H. Benchley, " 

John Rice, 2d., " 

A. G. Walker, J. H. Haven, Musicians. 
Alfred Parker, Wagoner. 

Captain Phillips proposed the following as a Board of 
Trustees, viz : Allen Harris, William Dickinson, Isaac Davis, 
John D. Baldwin, Joseph Pratt ; and they were accepted and 
adopted by the company. 

Here follows a list of the names of those who signed the 
original agreement " to be enrolled into a company for mili- 
tary service," dated June 17, 1863. 



Ivers Phillips, 
Dana H. Fitch, 
John R. Green, 
John Boyden, 
Henry Phelps, 
Healy Baker, 
Thomas Peirce, 
Samuel Houghton, 
Joel Davis, 



Allen Harris, 
William Dickinson, 
Isaac Davis, 
John D. Baldwin, 
Joseph Pratt, 
William E. Starr, 
Putnam W. Taft, 
William B. Taber, 
John Barnard, 



THE GUARDS HOME AND STATE. 



433 



D. C. Tourtelott, 
Edward Clark, 
I. H. Benchley, 
John Rice, ad, 
John S. Clark, 
Simeon Clapp, 
R. R. Shepard, 
A. L. Mason, 
A. G. Walker, 
J. H. Haven, 
Alfred Parker, 
Seba Carpenter, 
James A. Whipple, 
E. M. Caulkins, 
William C. Clarke, 
William H. Towne, 
William S. Jenks, 
D. W. Jones, 
Alfred Holden, 
C. W. Rice, 
David Manning, 
James Galloway, 
Hiram French, 
Nathaniel B. Parkhurst, 
Lewis A. Rawson, 
Benjamin Barber, 
Elliott Swan, 
Alexander Thayer, 
Courtland Newton, 
L. B. Brigham, 
Daniel Stratton, 
A. L. Burbank, 
F. P. Hutchins, 
A. G. Hinds, 
Samuel W. Kent, 
Edwin Morse, 
Henry A. Denny, 
Joseph Dennis, 
John J. Bigelow, 
Charles Nason, 
George C. Taft, 
Josiah G. Perry, 
Jasper Tucker, 
Samuel Souther, 
Joseph Boyden, 
Dexter H. Perry, 
Lemuel Houghton, 
James H. Osgood, 
M. V. Warner, 
Charles H. Harvey, 
B. F. Nowell, 
E. G. Watkins. 



Simeon Taylor, 
Moses Spooner, 
Otis Blood, 
Earl Warner, 
J. D. Lovell, 
Silas Bigelow, 
J. E. Wood, 
Samuel Tourtellott, 
Oliver W. Claflin, 
E. G. Partridge, 
E. B. Crawford, 
T. F. Taft, 
Erastus Fisher, 
Charles L. Knowlton, 
John Goulding, 
Jonathan Day, 
J. B. Lawrence, 
Jonathan Carey, 
Simeon Thom^json, 
Calvin Dver, 
T. P. Wheelock, 
H. P. Nichols, 
Peter Geno, 
Caleb Dana, 
E. E. Abbott, 
T. W. Wellington, 
Henry H. Chamberlin, 
David Gleason, 
William P. Daniels, 
H. C. Fisk, 
W. Mecorney, 
S. D. Tourtellott, 
Charles W. Smith, 
John Pollard, 
Albert Curlif, 
T. E. St.John, 
E. M. Hosmer, 
Edwin Harrington, 
Charles Goodale, 
Aaron Goodale, 
Nathaniel R. Parkhurst, 
Asa M. Allen, 
Walter Bigelow, 
J W. Jordan, 
George A. Chamberlain, 
Henry R. Keith, 
Abraham Fitts, 
Stephen P. Twiss, 
W. Richmond, 
Charles B. Pratt, 
J. H. Samson. 



Other gentlemen became members from time to time. 



28 



434 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Besides these, a large number of citizens were made honorary 
members. Most of the clergymen of the city, and many 
others among the more prominent citizens, were in this list. 
The disbanding of the Home Guards, voluntarily, on the six- 
teenth of June, left the field to the State Guard. The Hon. 
Levi Lincoln having been elected an honorary member, sig- 
nified his appreciation of the honor by the following letter, 
(bearing date August ii, 1863), addressed to Healy Baker, 
Esq., clerk of the company. 

" Sir : — I am most deeply and gratefully sensible of the honor con- 
ferred on me, by the Worcester State Guard, in electing me an honorary 
member of that patriotic corps. 

Although I have indeed, long since, passed the age of military enroll- 
ment, and my fourscore years give me more than the law's exemption 
from military service, yet I recur with satisfaction to posts of former duty, 
and to the uniform and unequivocal manifestation of respect and confi- 
dence which i have been permitted heretofore to express in the efficiency 
and the necessity of militia organizations, for the protection and safety of 
the republic. 

The loyal and noble spirit which, at this critical moment in our coun- 
try's history, has animated a body of gentlemen of the highest respect- 
ability, past middle life, to volunteer their personal service to the pubhc 
defense and in aid of the civil authorities in sustaining the laws of the 
state and the nation, commands my profound admiration, and I deem it a 
high privilege that I may, even nominally, appear upon their rolls. The 
beautifully executed and framed certificate of membership will hang in my 
library, where it will be regarded by me as alike an ornament in the room, 
and an honor to my name." 

The most frequent duty of the State Guard was to attend 
military funerals, either in full ranks, or by detachments. 
And it was a spectacle always viewed with a kind of sacred 
interest, when the Guard, attended by the venerable Dea. 
Harris, and other aged members, with measured tread, and 
muffled drum, and the drapery of mourning, escorted the 
remains of our young heroes to the grave. It seemed as if the 
whole city, in the persons of those respected Guards had come 
forward to do homage to the fallen, and to the cause for which 
they gave their lives. Nor were these sacred offices confined 
to men of rank as officers ; they were rendered, with like 



THE STATE GUARD, 435 

respect, to the obscurest private whose death had been enno- 
bled by service in the " high places of the field." At times, the 
calls to attend military funerals were frequent, but the Guard 
were ready at all times and in all seasons, — cold, hot, moist or 
dry, — to pay the last tribute to the patriotic dead. 

Occasionally they were called to more agreeable, though 
sterner duty. They constituted an important part of the 
force on which the civil authorities relied to preserve order, 
while the military force was at the seat of war. In ordinary 
times the police are sufficient to maintain the law, it being 
understood that there is a military organization held in reserve. 
But in the summer of 1863, when 'some were disaffected on 
account of the "draft"; when the ranks were filhng with sub- 
stitutes raked out of the haunts of rascaldom ; and when 
bloody and barbarous riots in New York excited all the vile 
and disloyal in other cities to plot deeds of darkness, there was 
a felt need of the " strong arm " to hold the unquiet elements 
in calmness. At such a time the State Guard of Worcester 
were found to be the right men in the right place. The fol- 
lowing extracts from the records of the Guard bearing date 
July 18, 1863, refer to this subject. In compliance with a 
" special call " seventy-nine members met, and were called to 
order by Lieutenant Fitch. After "arming and equipping 
themselves," and being "drilled in the manual" by Sergeant 
Boyden, sixteen members of the company "were severally 
detailed by Captain Phillips, to perform guard duty for the 
provost marshal, and by him sworn to the faithful perform- 
ance of their duty to the United States." The following are 
the names of the members detailed for this service, viz : 
Edward Clark. J. H. Benchley. John S. Clark, Simeon Clapp, 
Erastus Fisher, O. W. Claflin, William S. Jenks, Alexander 
Strong, Charles Nason, Seba Carpenter, E. E. Abbott, E. B. 
Crawford, F. P. Hutchins, E. M. Caulkins, Andrew Holden, 
and David Gleason. 

Many of the recruits were roughs who came from the larger 
cities, and enlisted for the sake of the pay and bounty, with 
the intention of deserting. Some of the villains enlisted, and 



43^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

deserted repeatedly, and after acquiring a large sura from the 
government, never fired a shot in its support. They were' 
dangerous men to have in the streets, and they were restive 
under restraint. The fact that a large number of such were 
held under strict guard, and kept from all riot and license in 
in this city, is greatly to the honor of the State Guard. 

The following extract from the record-book, dated July 24, 
1863, illustrates the nature of the duty performed by the 
Guard. 

" Captain Phillips ordered the clerk personally to notify the members 
of the State Guard, No. i, to assemble forthwith at their armory, at 
City Hall, for the purpose 'of doing guard duty at the City Hall, 
at Brinley Hall, and at the provost marshal's office. Sixty mem- 
bers reported for duty and under the direction of the provost marshal 
were kept on guard duty until Monday morning, July 28, when the com- 
pany were ordered to escort the conscripts or drafted men to Long 
Island, in Boston Harbor. The Guard performed the duty by going as 
far as Boston, where another company met us and took charge of the men. 
The State Guard returned to Worcester, and were discharged from 
farther duty." 

On the fifteenth of October the Guard escorted Gov. 
Andrew and the council from the railroad station to the Bay 
State House. 

The next morning, on invitation from Governor Gilmore, of 
New Hampshire, the Guard, accompanied by the Worcester 
Cornet Band, took the cars for Manchester, New Hampshire, 
where they were received by the Amoskeag Veterans, escorted 
to their armory, and made welcome to their hospitality. 
They were then escorted to the muster-field, where Governor 
Gilmore made a brief speech of reception, welcoming them to 
the state. After a season of drill, and having received many 
marks of kindness and distinction, the company returned 
safely in the evening, bringing many remembrances of a day 
pleasantly spent in New Hampshire. 

At a meeting held on the fourth of January, 1 864, the Guard 
adopted a code of by-laws, which had been under considera- 
tion for several weeks, and which had the approval of Governor 
Andrew. At the same meeting it was voted to organize a 
drum corps. 



THE STATE GUARD. 437 

The State Guard to the number of eighty-four, with their 
ladies, and several honorary members, in all about one hun- 
dred and eighty-four went to Fitchburg, on the eleventh of 
January, and took dinner at the Fitchburg Hotel. After 
enjoying a plentiful repast, addresses were made by Captain 
Phillips, Rev. Dr. Hill, Rev. Mr. Shippen, Rev. Mr. Fay, of 
Leominster, Rev. Mr. Heard, of Fitchburg, Rev. Mr. St. John» 
and Sergeant John Boyden. The company returned, by rail, 
about ten o'clock, p.m., having passed a very pleasant day. 

Early in the winter of 1864, the Rev. Samuel Souther, the 
minister at the Mission Chapel, and a representative in the 
General Court in the sessions of 1862 and 1863, volunteered as 
a private, and made his arrangements to "go to the front." 
He was a member of the State Guard, and his comrades 
evinced their high appreciation of his self-denying patriotism. 
The company, with their ladies met at the City Hall, January 
15, and made a present of two hundred and eight dollars, 
(subscribed by themselves) as a token of their regard. " The 
presentation," says the record, " was made by Rev, Mr. St. 
John in a very feeling and patriotic address, and accepted by 
Mr. Souther in a speech of kindly feeling and patriotic 
interest." 

On the twenty-first of January, the Guard did escort duty at 
the reception of the Twenty-fifth Regiment ; and on the first 
of February, performed the same pleasing service at the recep- 
tion of the Twenty-first Regiment. 

The oldest and one of the most active and respected mem- 
bers of the Guard, was Dea. Allen Harris. He always felt 
a deep interest in the company, and took unwearied pains to 
perform all his duties according to military rule. It was fit- 
ting therefore, when he was called to a higher service in a 
world where the " wicked cease from troubling and the weary 
are at rest," that the surviving members should take special 
action in relation to his decease. The funeral services were 
attended on the sixth of February, " when the company, in full 
ranks, proceeded to the house of the deceased, where the 
remains were received and escorted to the Old South Church. 



438 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

There the funeral ceremonies were performed, after which the 
remains were removed to the Rural Cemetery, where a volley 
was fired over the grave." 

At a meeting of the Guard, held on the twelfth of February, 
a committee previously appointed presented the following res- 
olutions which were unanimously adopted. 

" Whereas, Deacon Allen Harris, the first man to write his name upon 
the volunteer roll of the State Guard of Worcester, and the oldest active 
member of the company, who since the formation of the company has 
performed every duty zealously and well, is now the first of our num- 
ber called to enter that higher service near the throne of the soverign 
he has so long acknowledged and loved ; therefore be it 

Resolved, That we cherish the memory of Deacon Allen Harris, as a 
faithful fellow-soldier, a useful and respected citizen, and a true Christian. 

Resolved, That while we deeply sympathize with the afflicted family, 
we share with them the glorious consolation of the undoubting confidence 
that what is their and our loss is his infinite gain. 

Resolved, That the clerk of the company be instructed to tender a 
copy of the preamble and resolutions to the family of our deceased brother 
and to each of the Worcester papers for publication." 

The services of the Guard were in frequent requisition, dur- 
ing this season, for rendering homage to the patriots who 
had fallen in the war. In the first half of the month of June 
four officers who had distinguished themselves in the field, 
were buried under the escort of the Guard. These were 
Lieutenant-Colonel Green, Major Dexter F. Parker, Captain 
Thomas O'Neil, and Adjutant McConville. Almost every 
week, and sometimes oftener, they led the sad procession of 
mourners through the streets ; and not seldom went to neigh- 
boring towns on the same soldierly duty. This would have 
been a great burden to any except those who loved their coun- 
try, and took pleasure in honoring her defenders. 

As the first anniversary of the corps, under the charter 
which authorized the organization of the Worcester State 
Guard, drew nigh, arrangements were made for a suitable cel- 
ebration. This took place on the seventeenth of June, 1864, 
when the company, with their ladies, honorary members, and 
invited guests, met at their armory, and at eleven o'clock took 



THE STATE GUARD. 439 

the cars for Webster Park, where the day was spent in appro- 
priate festivities. Goddard and Riedl's band were in atten- 
dance, and furnished excellent music for the occasion. 

The first duty of the day, after reaching the speaker's stand, 
was the presentation of a flag to the Guard, from the ladies of 
Worcester. The addresses in giving and receiving the colors 
contained so much of historical fact and of sound sentiment, 
and were moreover of such commendable brevity, that they 
will be given entire. 

The Hon. Ira M. Barton, in behalf of the ladies, made the 
presentation in the following appropriate remarks. 

" Captain Phillips, and Gentlemen of the Worcester State 
Guard : — This pleasant morning, and on this first anniversary of your 
organization, surrounded by your friends, I am commissioned by the 
ladies of Worcester to perform a service, I trust, acceptable to you, as it 
certainly is agreeable to me. You may be surprised that a civilian should 
be invited to perform this service, when you see around you so many gen- 
tlemen of military distinction, varying from the brave private to honored 
commanders. 

But we are not at liberty, (certainly I am not) to call in question the 
decision of the ladies, on this occasion. For whatever superiority, of 
judgment we may arrogate to ourselves, in matters of taste and senti- 
ment, the ladies are, indeed, our better part, always right, while we are 
sometimes wrong. They no doubt, regard you as especially the soldiers 
of peace — the preservers of social order. And in that view perhaps they 
do well to invite a civilian to communicate to you their sentiments. But 
you would insist that if you were called to the ensanguined field to defend 
the Commonwealth or the Union, you are still soldiers of peace ; as it is 
difificult to conceive of any legitimate end of war, but the production of 
peace and the security of liberty. 

I said that you had conciliated the regards of woman by the preserva- 
tion of social order, in which she, above all others, is interested. I may 
add, I think, with propriety, that such regard has been enhanced by 
your solemn service — alas, too often invoked — in the obsequies of our 
brave and honored sons that have fallen to save the life of their country. 
The sincerity and depth of that gratitude cannot be expressed by me, but 
must be told by the tears of surviving wives, mothers, and sisters. 

But, sir, you and your comrades may have sterner work to perform. 
While you sustain social order at home, your sympathies embrace the 
whole Union, and your special charge is to see that this Commonwealth 
receives no detriment. At present there is here no impending danger. 



440 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

But constant vigilance is said to be the price of liberty. And your first 
year's experience has demonstrated, that though not exposed to external 
aggression from the enemies of our Union, yet elements of danger may 
again be imported to our homes, and require again your attention. 

We have not forgotten, and I dare say these ladies have not forgotten, 
the events of last July, in vi^hich you were effective actors. Nearly a hun- 
dred desperadoes from the commercial metropolis of our country, found 
their way to our quiet city, some under the name oi substitutes, and others 
their outside abettors. The substitutes were quartered in one of our 
public halls. The conspirators, both within and without the hall, soon 
manifested the most reckless insubordination. In the absence of the 
members of our brave volunteer corps, in the service of the provost mar- 
shal and the country, the city government very properly invoked your aid 
as police for protection. It was promptly rendered. For successive 
nights you held those desperate men, somewhat more numerous than your 
own brave company, either within the walls of their fragile prison or in 
their lurking places in the city. But how transport these substitutes, 
surrounded by such accomplices, to their destination in Boston Harbor ? 
True courage and good judgment solved the problem. You ordered your 
guns double-shotted, with bayonets fixed, and then very properly gave notice 
that the first symptoms of insubordination would meet with consequences 
they could not misunderstand. The transit was made to Boston with 
entire security, your charge was dehvered to the proper authorities there ; 
and as you formed on your return to the depot for home, a murmur 
of applause ran through the dense crowd of bystanders, with the remark 
that ' those fellows are not to be trifled with.' And if these ladies had 
been inclined to seek a motto for their flag other than the true and brave 
ones of our State and Union, they might well have placed upon the flag 
of your company, ' We are n(5t to be trifled v^tith.' 

Sir, we are instructed, upon high authority, that there is an economy 
that tendeth to poverty. I believe it to be equally true that there is a 
Jmiiianity (falsely so called) that tendeth to cruelty, and events in New 
York and Boston, nearly cotemporaneous with that to which I have 
referred in our own city, and deserving long to be remembered by the 
public, go far to justify the assertion. 

Companions, while the laws of age and of the land exempt us from active 
service on the great fields of contest for the Union, grave duties are 
devolved upon us at home. Those of police have been adverted to. 
Others no less grave and important are to be performed. To relieve our 
S071S fro7n home service, and to si cs tain thern in their terrific conflict for 
liberty and law. At the commencement of this conflict, we had our 
Light Infantry, our City Guards, and our Emmet Guards, — all military 
organizations honored and effective. The organizations remain ; but 
where are the men ? Ask the great battle-fields of the rebellion, and they 



THE STATE GUARD. 44 1 

return an answer that fills us with a strange conflict of the passions of 
grief and pride. Inquire reverently of the spirits of Ward, of Parker, of 
O'Neil, of McConville, of Spurr, of Gird ; of that 'par nobile fralncm,^ the 
Bacons, and of many others. Alas, they will wake no response ; you 
must interpret their answer by the report of their valor, or by your own 
observations at their obsequies. But though gone, they have left cherished 
memories, and an earnest of the life and prosperity of the republic. The 
body politic embracing such spirits can never die. 

Mr. Commander and Gentlemen : — Other duties press upon us on 
this occasion. Besides, good taste in military elocution forbids long 
speeches. Napoleon, the great master in that department of rhetoric, 
never consumed more than five or ten minutes. I have not attempted his 
eloquence, but will imitate his brevity, by executing, at once, the command 
imposed upon me by these ladies. 

In their behalf I present to you and your command, this beautiful flag, 
bearing the emblems of our city, state, and Union. The preservation of 
its purity and honor is committed to the care of your tried patriotism, as a 
grateful recognition, not an adequate reward, of your valuable services in 
this community. 

And I venture, sir, to add what may be more substantial, but not more 
acceptable than the approbation of the ladies, the assurance of the confi- 
dence and co-operation of all your fellow-citizens." 

Captain Phillips then received the flag, thanking the ladies 
for their beautiful present, and Judge Barton for the acccpt- 
abJc manner of its presentation ; he then gave it to Sergeant 
Boyden, saying, " I entrust it to your care, charging you to 
preserve it in its purity, and bear it in all places of honor." 

Mr. John Boyden, sergeant, on receiving the flag from the 
commander, made a fitting response. After giving a succinct 
history of the Guard during its first year, he concluded as fol- 
lows : — " We receive it as 7!i friendship ofiering, not with slight 
and passing meaning, but to be cherished, reverenced, and if 
need be, protected. And when in future years it may be 
looked upon as a memento of the awards of this day, let not a 
star be dimmed from its folds, nor a traitor gaze upon its view. 
And now, officers and men of the Guard, let us remember that 
to lis ' 'tis given to protect this banner of the free,' be that 
duty what it may ; and in appreciation of this beautiful, and in 
these days I might almost say sacred gift, let us here, each and 
all, in presence of the donors, our guests, honorary members 



442 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and friends, consecrate ourselves anew, to a willing, earnest, 
FAITHFUL performance of all duty enjoined upon us. Hoping 
that in God's own wise time the day soo7i will come when in 
evejy part of this land, 

' Our banner victorious shall wave, 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ! ' " 

The band then struck up "The Star-Spangled Banner," 
with thrilling effect, and the company gave nine reusing 
cheers for the donors, the gift, and the guests. Captain 
Phillips then invited the company, with their guests, to par- 
take of the collation which was spread in the " open hall which 
had been erected " in Webster Park. The arrangements were 
ample, the collation was abundant and choice, and the party 
was in a high state of enjoyment. 

Captain Phillips next introduced the intellectual part of the 
entertainment, by reciting briefly the history of the military 
of Worcester, and the place which the Guard filled when other 
military organizations were "at the front." He said that 
" this city was one of the few places where the old militia 
organization of independent companies was sustained, and con- 
sequently our city was able to make an early response to the 
first call for troops on the outbreak of the rebellion. The 
companies, one after another, volunteered in their country's 
service, till our city was destitute of military organizations." 
Then it was that a number of citizens, exempt from military 
duty, formed a " Home Guard." Their petition for a charter 
led to the passing of a law authorizing the organization of men 
over forty-five years of age, into companies for duty in the 
state, " as an eftective military organization, relieving our 
young men so that they could go to the front, and join the 
armies of the Union in the war for the old flag." The Wor- 
cester State Guard was the first company formed under this 
act, and perhaps it was not surpassed by any other in patriotic 
spirit and efliciency. Said the commander, " We believe it to 
be the duty of all who can bear arms, to learn to do so, and we 
have endeavored to prepare ourselves for any contingency in 



THE STATE GUARD. 443 

'which our services may be needed." He then proposed a sen- 
timent in honor of Governor Andrew. In the governor's 
absence, Colonel Wetherell, of the staff, responded, assuring 
the Guard that they were held in honor by His Excellency, for 
the part they had recently borne in suppressing the turbulence 
of the substitutes, and for offering to engage in garrisoning 
the forts of the state for a hundred days. He thanked them, 
in behalf of the governor, and congratulated them on their 
efficiency. Other addresses, short, pithy and appropriate, 
were made by Hon. D. Waldo Lincoln, mayor of the city ; 
Colonel A. J. Wright, of Boston, captain of the " Third Com- 
pany of the State Guard of Massachusetts," Hon. Isaac Davis, 
Rev. Dr. Hill, and Rev. Messrs. Richardson, Walker, Barnard 
and Shippen. 

Poetry as well as eloquence is in demand on such occasions. 
The Hon. Henry Chapin was called on to supply this part of 
the entertainment. The report says that " with his usual 
sedateness of manner, incident to the melancholy business of 
his ofificial position," he read the following poem. 

" As time is floating us along, 
Its varied fortunes bringing. 
We oft recall this good old song, 
Which thrilled us in the singing: 

' Father and I went down to camp, 
Along with Captain Gooden ; 
There we saw the girls and boys 
As thick as hasty pudding. 

Fire ribbons in their hats, 
They looked so tearing fine, O, 
I wish I had just such a one 
To give to my Jemima, O.' 

So day by day our eyes have seen. 

In sun, in snow, or raining, 

When streets were swept, or all unclean, 

These sturdy guardsmen training. 

We've seen them in our north-east storms, 
Blue coats and other fittings 
All buttoned round their stately forms, 
As close as new-made mittens. 



444 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

\ye've seen them march so stout and stern, 
We couldn't help but wonder, 
If they could e'er be made to turn 
By mud, or blood, or thunder. 

The maiden casts her clear blue eye 
On some white-livered flunkey. 
And whispers as the Guards pass by, 
' Would you were half as spunky.' 

No soldiers walk our crowded street 
Of whom we all are prouder ; 
No war-worn veterans we meet 
Of whom the praise is louder. 

We know if time had not put through 
His five-and-forty fiat. 
These men would be in Richmond too, 
Or marching mighty nigh it. 

They gather quickly, one and all. 
The wind and storm unheeding. 
Whene'er they hear their country's call, 
Or stricken hearts are bleeding. 

They stand between our homes and harm, 
They guard our youth and beauty ; 
Each man would lose his own right arm 
In brave and earnest duty. 

And now upon this festal day. 
While birds are sweetly singing. 
They gather in this joyful way, 
Their heartfelt tributes bringing. 

They revel in these social joys 

As hungry as creation ; 

'Tis wondrous how these white-haired boys 

Pitch into a collation. 

If they would only fight as well 
I shouldn't care to meet 'em ; 
A thousand rebels fresh from h-11 
Couldn't begin to beat 'em. 

We pledge them this bright afternoon 
With neither wine nor brandy — 
But hark ! I guess you'll hear the tune, 
* Yankee doodle dandy.' " 



THE STATE GUARD. 445 

This production was received with applause, and the band, 
taking the hint, gave the old favorite with spirit. 

While the war lasted the Guard continued to be the organ- 
ized force which the city held in reserve in case of need ; but 
happily no occasion occurred again for the display of military 
strength. But during the war, the company performed escort 
duty when the remains of soldiers were buried, and when regi- 
ments came on furlough, or at the expiration of their term of 
service. The Guard held an honored position in the proces- 
sion when the city joined the nation in doing funeral honors 
to Abraham Lincoln, and also when the whole population joy- 
fully celebrated the return of peace, the overthrow of slavery, 
and the restoration of national authority wherever the Union 
flag had ever floated in the breezes of heaven. 

At a regular meeting held July 8, 1864, action was taken 
" pertaining to the assistance of the family of Rev. Samuel 
Souther, late member of the company, and of the Fifty- 
seventh Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers. On motion of 
Lee Sprague, that a subscription paper be started for that 
purpose, 

" Voted, That the commissioned officers, on the part of the active mem- 
bers, and Lee Sprague and George Sessions on the part of the honorary 
members, be a committee to solicit subscriptions. 

Voted, That the trustees receive the amount obtained, and disburse 
the same in accordance with the preamble of the subscription paper." 

The members of the Guard could not perform the sad duty 
of escorting Mr. Souther's remains to the grave, for he fell in 
the "Wilderness," and no man "knoweth of his sepulchre to 
this day." But they could show their regard for the departed, 
by kindness to the living, who were dear to him. If the pecun- 
iary value of the time which the Guard gave up to public 
funerals, and other services, in addition to then- contributions 
in money, could be computed, it would show that the members 
were unsurpassed in liberality by any class of their fellow cit- 
izens. But as these occasions were similar, the one to the 
other, in their main features, they need not be recorded at 
length. It is enough to say, that the Guard were never want- 



446 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ing when called upon to pay respect to the memory of those 
who had fallen in the public service. 

One or two festive occasions demand a page before closing. 
On the twentieth of January, 1865, while the company were 
deliberating in regard to an excursion or celebration of some 
kind, they were invited, with the honorary members, and their 
ladies, by the commander, Captain Phillips, to meet at his res- 
idence. About two hundred and fifty guests partook of the 
hospitalities of the occasion, and spent the evening most agree- 
ably. The choir of the Church of the Unity were present, 
and added the charm of song to the entertainment. An ele- 
gant collation was provided, and everything was done to pro- 
mote the enjoyment of the guests. 

Arrangements having been made, the active and honorary 
members of the State Guard, with their ladies, made an excur- 
sion to Springfield, on the seventh of February. More than 
four hundred persons were in the party, which proceeded by 
special train. They were received by the city government of 
Springfield, on their arrival, which was announced by booming 
cannon. Sleighs were provided for the accommodation of the 
ladies, and a band of music led the procession through the 
streets, to the United States Armory, where two hours were 
spent in looking over the machinery, and the immense maga- 
zine of arms. 

In due time dinner was ready in City Hall, when a large 
delegation of citizens of Springfield joined the party from 
Worcester. The dinner being concluded, Captain Phillips 
made a brief address, stating how a private party had been 
changed, by the liberality of the superintendent of the rail- 
road, Mr. Gray, and the kindness of Springfield friends, into a 
grand reception. He referred to the fact that military organ- 
izations had been kept up in Worcester, when they had ceased 
to exist in many places. It was owing to this fact that Wor- 
cester was ready, at a moment's notice, to rush to the defence 
of the national capital when it was in danger. He said that 
since the war broke out, every active military organization in 
the city had gone into actual service, and that, as a conse- 



THE STATE GUARD. 



447 



qiience, the Guard was the only legal military company in the 
county of Worcester. After enforcing the duty of every able- 
bodied man to be able to bear and handle arms, he closed by 
thanking the authorities of Springfield for their courtesies, and 
assuring them that their kindness was appreciated, and would 
be reciprocated on a fitting occasion. 

Lively speeches followed from Mayor Briggs, ex-Mayor 
Harris, Hon. George Walker, and Sheriff Bush, all of Spring- 
field ; and Mayor Ball, ex-Mayor W. W. Rice, Samuel Hath- 
away, Esq., Rev. Mr. Shippen, Rev. Mr. St. John, and H. H. 
Chamberlain, of Worcester. The sentiment proposed by 
Sheriff Bush reads as follows : — "The State Guard of Worces- 
ter — perfect in their skill, perfect in their drill, and all gen- 
tlemen of the first water." 

The following letter from Hon. A. H. Bullock, then speaker 
of the House, was read by Mr. Rice. As it elegantly 
expresses sentiments of permanent interest and value, it is 
copied entire. 

" Boston, February 6, 1865. 
My Dear Sir : — My ofScial engagements here restrain me from 
uniting with the State Guard in making their excursion to Springfield 
to-morrow. I regret this for many reasons, not the least of which is my 
desire to join you in testifying to the cordiality and courtesy of the officers 
of the Western Railroad Corporation, and of the city of Springfield, in their 
generous proffer of hospitality. I am sure that your corps will appreciate 
this, as I do. 

The cities of Worcester and Springfield represent Massachusetts west 
of her capital ; not they alone, of course, but perhaps they especially, — 
the one representing the large interior county of the state and the other 
the valley of the queenly Connecticut, and much that lies beyond it. They 
have an individual and representative identity, distinct in some measure 
from that of the seaboard. Their citizenship and patriotism is not dis- 
tinct or special, as compared with the easterly portions of the state ; but 
their life, their rural surroundings, their extended connections with the 
farms and workshops of the country, make them in some respects differ- 
ent from the other parts of the state to which I have referred. I like to 
see them hospitable to each other, and in the best of fellowship. There is 
every reason why they should be so, and no reason at all why they should 
not be. 

It is therefore a source of positive regret to me that I cannot march 



44-8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

with you to the City Hall of Springfield, and there express my apprecia- 
tion of the hospitality which welcomes you to the beauty of her streets, 
and to the hearts of her citizens. I must ask you to do this for me at the 
same time that you will do it for yourself and those whom you command, 
and those who accompany you there. 

Springfield and Worcester have stood side by side through this great 
common struggle. Their sacrifices, their contributions, their griefs in the 
cause of all, have been one and the same. The heart of the Common- 
wealth beats one incessant throb for a free republic, the noble Connecti- 
cut bears on its majestic flow to the world a like testimony from our neigh- 
bors of the valley. Heaven give us alike the patience, the endurance, and 
the strength to wait on Justice and Freedom to their final triumph ! Let 
me give you a sentiment : 

The cities of Springfield and Worcester — united in their destiny, they 
cannot be separated in their life." 

Captain Phillips havin<^ retired from the command, an 
election was held, May 30, 1865, by authority of the comman- 
der in chief, when Lieutenant Dana H. Fitch was chosen 
captain. At the same time, John R, Greene was chosen 
first lieutenant, and Healy Baker, second lieutenant. 

Attending the funerals of soldiers, escorting returning regi- 
ments, shooting at target for prizes, and occasional excursions 
or receptions, varied the experience of the Guard, from month 
to month ; but these events do not belong to history. Two 
or three occasions however deserve notice, occurring as they 
did, near the close of the war. 

There was a flag-raising on Grant Square, on the afternoon 
of July I, 1865, at which the Guard were present. That lofty 
elevation had been crowned with a splendid flag-staff, and at 
the appointed time, the flag was hoisted, and was hailed with 
a national salute. After speeches and songs, the company 
were invited to the house of Mr. T. W. Wellington, and 
treated to an elegant collation. 

The same evening the Guard met at City Hall, and 
marched thence to the house of Mr. C. S. Messenger, where 
the members were presented to Admiral Farragut. After 
paying their respects to the hero of many sea-fights and 
victories, the company partook of an elegant supper, tendered 
by the hospitality of Mr, Messenger. 



THE STATE GUARD. 449 

On the fourth of July, the State Guard had their place in 
the grand procession, of which an account is given in a 
former chapter. This great celebration combined the usual 
interest which belongs to the birthday of our nation, with the 
not less thrilling interest which pertained to the triumphant 
overthrow of the rebellion. The people of Worcester, on 
that occasion, honored the heroism of their fathers and of 
their sons, and gave thanks to God for the success which he 
had given to our arms, in the days when the nation was 
struggling into life, and also when it heroically refused 
to die. 

By the repeal of the act in 1866, under which the State 
Guard was organized, its legal existence was closed. The 
members, however, clung to the organization, and petitioned 
for a new charter. This was granted by the legislature, in 
the spring of 1867, and the company has had a flourishing 
existence to the present time. The organization was com- 
pleted by the choice of Colonel Ivers Phillips as captain, and 
of Healy Baker and Charles H. Harvey, as lieutenants. 

Subsequently the Guards were organized as a battalion in 
two companies. Company A consists of the older members, 
and company B, of younger men. 

The roster of the State Guard was as follows in the spring 
of the present year, 1870. 

S. V. Stone, Major, 

J. N. Bates, m.d., Surgeon, 

Rev. R. B. Stratton, Chaplain, 

Major M. S. McConville, Adjjitant, 

Lieutenant Charles H. Cleveland, Quarter-master, 

Captain A. H. Ward, Sergeant- Major, 

Dana K. Fitch, Quarter-master Sergeant, 

Co. A. 

John R. Greene, Captain, 

Charles H. Harvey, First Lieute7iant, 

Jalaam Gates, Second " 

Co. B. 

George E. Barton, Captain, 

E. F. Harrington, First Lieutenant, 



Second 



29 



450 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. — SOLDIERS' FUNERALS. — RESOLU- 
TIONS OF CONDOLENCE. 

In this chapter will be gathered all that is accessible rela- 
ting to the personal history and exploits of those who repre- 
sented Worcester in the war of union and freedom, and who 
fell in the service of their country, or in consequence of expo- 
sure and wounds while in the field. Notices of officers and 
men will be mingled indiscriminately, somewhat in the order 
of time, but with no regard to rank or condition, since the 
cause they died for made them all brothers ; and at the grave 
" the rich and poor meet together ; the Lord is the maker of 
them all." 

The following poem, written by a well-known citizen of 
Worcester, here finds its appropriate place. 

MY SOLDIER BOY. 

BY CLARK JILLSON. 

While the sun with mellow crimson 

Tints the border of the skies, 
And along the level meadow. 

Bright with summer's changing dyes. 
Dark lines lengthen to the eastward, 

From the fast receding day, 
Just retiring o'er the mountains. 

With its trailing robes of gray, 
I am sitting by my window 

In the evening's dreamy haze. 
O'er the past in silence musing, 

And recalling other days ; 
But across this twilight vision 

Is a darker shadow flung. 
Deepened by the voice of mourning 

For my loved one, brave and young. 



BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 451 

On the stormy field of battle, 

Where the hosts had met to die, 
There amid the dreadful carnage 

Stood the boy for whom I sigh, 
And, beneath his country's banner, 

Fighting for a Nation's life. 
With his keen eye on the foeman, 

Pell and perished in the strife. 
Since that hour my longing spirit 

Waits to feel the coming joy, 
When the veil shall be uplifted. 

And I meet my soldier boy, — 
Meet him in those realms elysian, 

All his armor cast aside, 
W^here no din of strife can enter. 

Where no cruel wars betide. 

On the last Sabbath of the year 1865, Rev. Mr. Richardson 
preached a "memorial sermon," in honor of those who had 
fallen in the war. He stated that one hundred and ten of his 
congregation had been in the service, of whom twenty-two 
were already dead. He then passed on to consider the results 
of the sacrifice. His text was Heb. 11 : 4. " And by it he 
being dead, yet speaketh." Parts of the discourse are of gen- 
eral interest, and appropriately introduce these biographical 
notices. 

" Under the lead of this sentiment of the text, I call attention to the 
voice of the dead who have died for their country. . , . Such then is the 
price which the families connected with this congregation have paid to pre- 
serve the integrity and freedom of the republic. It is agreat price, — not to 
be expressed in words. Multiply it by fifteen thousand, and you have the 
whole number of men, the young, the strong, the brave, — who have died 
for their country. A most costly sacrifice ! What fair prospects of life 
have been blighted ! What tides of grief have surged over the land ! . . . 
Their country called, and they answered with their lives. They knew 
not ; none knew, at first, the bitterness of the contest. Enough that the 
traitor's blow was aimed at the nation's life. 

For us, as for themselves, they stood in the deadly breach ; and it is a 
most grateful duty to honor their memory and the memory of all living or 
dead, who periled their lives for the salvation of the Republic. Forever 
green the graves of the fallen ! History and song shall perpetuate their 
deeds ; monuments shall rise over their sleeping dust ; and the lessons of 
their patriotic sacrifice shall inspire the hearts of ftiture generations. 
Though dead, they will speak, for death in such a cause shall be life 



452 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

to the world. No good deed ever dies; but such a protracted and glo- 
riously successful struggle shall be as a flaming banner to all nations. 

It is in such thoughts that we find compensation for the loss, and sup- 
port under the sorrow of the nation. 

Was ever a war so perfect in its work ? It ended as suddenly as it 
began ; but when it ended, it left rebellion crushed, and its land a desola- 
tion. And not a slave, — not a slave in all those states that fought to 
perpetuate their pet institution ! Glory be to God ! Eternal honor to the 
men, the instruments of his righteous vengeance ! 

The dead of this war will live. Such deeds can never die. Such a 
sacrifice will speak to future ages. They were cut off in the midst of their 
years ; most of them in the bloom of youth. Let those who mourn for 
husbands, and sons, and brothers, cherish the consolation that their death 
was not in vain. They laid down their lives in a great cause. There 
could be no greater. Bring flowers to their graves ! Brighter and 
brighter their memory shall glow, as we, and our posterity, — the free- 
born millions of the Republic, — and the lovers of liberty the world over, 
shall ponder the story of their daring and endurance, and contem^Dlate the 
results so beneficent to humanity, and so honorable to themselves. 

Our children and our children's children, will read with moistened eyes, 
the story of the rebellion ; and with wonder and admiration dv/ell upon 
the sublime sacrifice, and deeds of heroism, and martyr-endurance of that 
peace-loving host, who, to save their country, periled their lives. Though 
dead they will speak ; — a voice that never dies. No length of years ; no 
life of ease ; nor wealth, nor station, could have given such interest or 
value to their lives, as this one offering upon the altar of liberty. 

Weep for your loved ones slain, but let your grief be mingled with joy 
that they died in such a cause, and that their works do follow them. 
Richer moral harvests shall be gathered from the soil nurtured by their 
blood. So has it been from Abel down through the ages." 

Amos H. Gilbert. 
The first victim, among the soldiers from Worcester, who 
died in the war against the rebellion, was the young man 
named above. He took the lead in the long procession to the 
silent land. His name is among those who volunteered in the 
Guards when the news came of the surrender of Fort Sumter. 
He belonged to company A, Third Battalion Riflemen, and 
was twenty-two years of age when mustered into the service 
of the United States, May 19, 1861. He died of disease at 
Fort McFIenry, on the succeeding fourth of July. The news 
of the first death, among our soldiers, produced a peculiar sen- 




IRANK.^VELLIK GT0>1" 



GEO WXLLINGTON 



WH.Forbes8L'Co 



JOHN WILLIAM GROUT. 453 

sation, suggestive as it was of the probable fate of many others 
who were, or would be, exposed to the hazards of war. 
Though not a native of the place, yet as a member of the 
Guards, he was brought within the sphere of Worcester sym- 
pathies. The company to which he belonged, passed appre- 
ciative resolutions, drawn up by Captain Sprague. 

John William Grout. 

When the fatal bullet struck the head of the gallant Lieu- 
tenant John William Grout, his body sank beneath the waters 
of the Potomac. The agony of losing him was augmented, for 
several days, by the fact that his remains could not be recov- 
ered. At length the body was found, and brought to Worces- 
ter in a metallic coffin. This was about the tenth of Novem- 
ber, some three weeks after his death. The funeral took place 
on the twelfth, when everything possible was done by the city 
authorities, the military, and the citizens generally, to honor 
his memory, and express sympathy for his bereaved parents. 

Previous to the funeral, the Highland Cadets, who had been 
his comrades at the Highland Military Institute, passed res- 
olutions expressive of their esteem and affection for their 
former schoolmate, and promising to " cherish the memory of 
a friend who manifested such bravery in the field of battle, and 
fought so heroically against the enemies of his country." 

The order of service at the funeral on the twelfth of Novem- 
ber was as follows. The City Council, Colonel Devens and 
Dr. Bates of the Fifteenth Regiment, and officers of the 
various military organizations in the city, were in attendance. 
The services were conducted in a solemn and impressive man- 
ner, by Rev. Mr. Cutler, of the Union Church. A detach- 
ment of the Highland Cadets, under Lieutenant Abercrombie, 
formed the funeral escort of the procession to the Rural Cem- 
etery, where the Episcopal service was read by Rev. Mr. 
Hagar, and volleys of musketry were fired over the tomb by 
the cadets. 

The following biographical sketch of Lieutenant Grout was 
prepared by Rev. Dr. Cutler, for many years pastor of the 



454 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Union Congregational Church in Worcester, and was printed, 
soon after young Grout's death, for the family. It is here 
copied with slight abridgement. 

'• The subject of this sketch won a claim to this memorial, not only as 
being one of the first commissioned officers that has fallen in this cam- 
paign from the State of Massachusetts, but also as leaving a fame inde- 
pendent of fiction, of exaggeration, and of the partiality of friends. 

He was born in the summer of 1843, and had barely attained the age at 
which a legal claim could be made upon his service, when he fell a volun- 
tary sacrifice on the altar of his country. 

Of medial stature and symmetrical proportions, erect carriage, and 
remarkably fine and manly features, and with elastic vigor and ' the crim- 
son glow of health,' he seemed 'every inch a soldier,' and might have been 
selected as a model by an artist. His physical qualities were admirably 
complemented by his moral and intellectual. Though the child of afflu- 
ence, privilege, and indulgence, and exposed to the temptations incident to 
life in a city, he was yet above all reproach or suspicion in respect of his 
habits and associates. With uniform outward respect for religion, he 
united a cheerful seriousness and frankness in the expression of his reli- 
gious views and feelings. Says a friend — ' I have known of his bearing 
reproach and ridicule with the same courage he exhibited in the last acts 
of his life.' A generous charity and high self-respect, the modesty of a 
child and the self-reliance of a man, a genial amiableness and a dignified 
reserve, — were a rare combination of qualities, which contributed alike 
to the rigid disciplinarian and the favorite companion. He was a profi- 
cient at the piano-forte and in mathematics, and had a genius for the art 
of drawing ; to which he added some knowledge of the French language 
and of the ancient classics, and a cultivated elocution. 

He was the only son of Jonathan Grout, Esq., of Worcester, and of the 
sixth generation of John of Sudbury, who was the grandson of an English 
knight, ' not improbably descended from the brilliant Raymond Le Gros.' 
The latter is famous as having had ' command of the English army ' in 
Ireland ; and John, for his heroism as ensign in leading his townsmen 
triumphantly against the assaults of the Indians in 1676, — for which he 
was rewarded ' with a captaincy, then a substitute in the colony for knight- 
hood in England.' 

In his childhood and early youth, the late lieutenant gave some signs of 
the military genius of his ancestral blood. A treasured specimen is a 
whittled dagger with a Union shield on it, — now doubly prized. But not 
until he entered the military department of Caleb B. Metcalf's Highland 
School, Worcester, was his element discovered, and his taste gratified. 
Such were his aptitude, enthusiasm, progress, and promise, that he was 
soon made captain of the cadets ; and when the occasion called for the 



JOHN WILLIAM GROUT. 455 

practical use of his military knowledge it found him master of all the prin- 
ciples and details ' in the schools of the company and battalion.' 

When all were quaking under the sad and sudden tidings of actual 
rebellion, and under the immediate proclamation for the army of defence, 
it is not surprising that his parents resolutely clung to their darling ' hope 
of future years.' With filial deference and painful regret, he relinquished 
his earliest purpose, in hope of their ultimate consent. ' When they 
yielded to his importunities, his joy knew no bounds, and with all the 
ardor of his nature he engaged in the work of preparation,' practicing the 
self-denials which would best inure him ' to the hardships of the camp.' 
Meantime his services were in great demand in drilling volunteers ; and 
his knowledge and efficiency were so highly estimated, that, in the organ- 
ization of the Fifteenth Regiment, notwithstanding his youth, he was 
welcomed to company D, with ' the commission of second lieutenant.' 
Yet, until their departure for the seat of war, the drilling of the company 
devolved mainly upon him, and became the occasion of his winning the 
highest compliments from gentlemen of military honors, and of raising the 
highest expectations in respect of his future career. 

His patriotism, however, did not consist in his love of military life and 
distinction. Rather than retain his office against opposition, he would 
have entered the ranks as a private. He assured his friends, not with 
buoyant rashness, but with serious candor, than he had girded on his 
armor for all the emergencies of war, and for victory or death. He seemed 
to feel the solemnities as well as the responsibilities of his position, but 
never faltered in his purpose or in the duties he was subsequently called 
to discharge. 

After the regiment joined the army, he continued to be, according to the 
testimony of Colonel Devens, a model of behavior. His responsibilities 
were soon increased, in consequence of the first lieutenant being detailed 
for the signal corps. Attentive to the wants of his men, and generous 
almost to a fault, punctual in every duty, and ever seeming to have greater 
resources in reserve than were yet in requisition, he had the confidence 
and friendship of his company, and the respect and good will of the regi- 
ment. True to his nature, he chose for the drilling of his soldiers locali- 
ties somewhat retired ; whither, however, spectators repaired to admire 
his mature self-possession and his unerring skill. Lilce Colonel Baker, 
he seems to have had a presentiment that these pastimes would not long 
continue ; and alas ! his knowledge and his mettle were soon put to the 
most terrible proof 

The story of Leesburg, — Ball's Bluff — October 21, is, in general, 
famihar to all. It was the fortune of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regi- 
ment to be in the thickest of the fight, to do the greatest execution, and 
to suffer the greatest loss. But Lieutenant Grout was found adequate to 
the duties of his office. His coolness and self-possession, his precision 



456 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and courage, were astonishing, and of great effect upon the courage and 
efficiency of his men. In the terrific showers of leaden hail, Providence 
shielded him from harm. The spontaneous metaphor in which the testi- 
mony is borne, is that he fought like a tiger. . . . ' Every blow of his sword 
told.' He verified the promise, that he would never surrender. But 
victory was hopeless. To continue on the field, was to increase the sac- 
rifice of loyal blood, yet with unflinching firmness, the residue of the regi- 
ment withstood the foe till they heard the order for retreat. But when 
they obeyed that order, they knew that they had done the utmost in the 
power of men, and that ' Massachusetts had reason to be proud of the 
conduct of her sons on that field of carnage.' 

But his coolness and discretion and generosity did not forsake him. 
Driven to the bank of the river, he still forgot himself in the services he 
rendered to others. With inadequate means for transportation, he 
crossed the stream with the wounded, and retitrtied. Again the frail boat 
was filled to its utmost capacity, and he remained upon the shore. But 
the eagerness for self-preservation hazarded too much, and many who 
escaped the enemy on the field, found another beneath the waves of the 
Potomac. The remainder were now reduced to the last extremity. And 
when the young lieutenant went up to his superior with the calm but 
heroic inquiry, ' Is there anything more that I can do ? ' the reply of 
Colonel Devens, to whom no epithets of commendation can do justice, 
was : ' Nothing, but take care of yourself.' And when the colonel cried to 
his brave but sorely tried men, ' I shall never surrender ! ' and with the 
benediction, ' God be with you all,' gave the final order, ' Every man 
for himself,' Lieutenant Grout had done his duty, and nobly justified 
the highest expectations of his numerous friends and enthusiastic 
admirers. 

After waiting for the faint light of the rising moon, he threw his incum- 
brances beyond recovery, and with a few companions, plunged into the 
stream. But before he could reach the opposite shore, the fatal ball of 
the barbarous assassin left him only time and strength to exclaim : 'Tell 
company D that I should have escaped, but I am shot.' 

The sad tidings were aggravated by the ineffectual search for his 
remains. But at length the Potomac yielded up the treasure, which in due 
time was borne, with military and municipal honors, and under the flag of 
his heroic love, from the paternal mansion 'to the house appointed for all 
living.' He is truly lamented ; and the mourning circle includes at least 
his native city and the honored Fifteenth Regiment. 

It is pleasant to imagine what exalted rank and distinction he might have 
attained. But his career is finished ; and his example and fame are a 
rich legacy to the young men of his native commonwealth. ' Many,' said 
he, ' that are perfectly able to go, are very brave and forward until it comes 
their turn ; then it is another story ; ihey need something to stir them up.'' 



JOHN WILLIAM GROUT. 457 

The noble deeds and sacrifices at Ball's Bluff may be the very thino- 
designed by Providence to stir them up. As the blood of the martyrs was 
the seed of the church, so for every hero and patriot that falls in the 
service of his country, ten should hasten from their homes to vindicate the 
sacredness and value of their country's cause." 

The following poem, having reference to Lieutenant Grout, 
was written by Henry S. Washburn, Esq., and will be 
remembered by many to whom it was familiar in the early part 
of the war. 

" We shall meet, but we shall miss him, 
There will be one vacant chair ; 
We shall linger to caress him. 
While we breathe our evening prayer. 

When a year ago we gathered, 

Joy was in his mild blue eye, 
But a golden cord is severed. 

And our hopes in ruin lie. 

At our fireside, sad and lonely. 

Often will the bosom swell. 

At remembrance of the story 

How our noble Willie fell ; 

How he strove to bear our banner 

Through the thickest of the fight. 
And upheld our country's honor. 

With the strength of manhood's might. 

True, they tell us wreaths of glory 

Evermore shall deck his brow, 
But this soothes the anguish only, 

Sweeping o'er our heart-strings now. 

Sleep to-day, O early fallen ! 

In thy green and narrow bed ; 
Dirges from the pine and cypress 

Mingle with the tears we shed. 

We shall meet, but we shall miss him, 

There will be one vacant chair ; 
We shall linger to caress him. 

When we breathe our evening prayer." 



4S8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

William T. Going, M.D. 
The papers of the date November 8, 1861, contained a 
notice of the death of Dr. Going. He was a native of Wor- 
cester, and a son of Rev. Dr. Going, formerly an able and 
devoted Baptist clergymen of this city. His death occurred 
on the twenty-third of October. He was professionally con- 
nected with the Seventeenth Ohio Regiment. He was ex- 
hausted by fatigue and exposure, and died very suddenly, in 
Springfield, Ohio, aged 41, He had nearly recovered his 
accustomed spirit and vivacity, when, in returning from an 
evening walk, he was seized with a fatal illness, fell upon his 
threshold and immediately expired. 

Edward Lovell Barnard. » 

This young soldier, son of the late General and Mrs. Eben- »1 

ezer L. Barnard, who died at Newbern, N. C, on the third of 'i^ 

December, 1862, after an illness of several weeks, left behind V; 

him a large circle of friends to cherish his memory. The t 

funeral took place at the house of his widowed mother on 
Thursday, December 11, and the services were conducted by 
Rev. Dr. Sweetser. A large delegation of his class-mates 
were present from Yale, the class of i860 having passed the 
following resolutions : 

" Whereas, We have heard with feelings of heartfelt sorrow that it has 
pleased an all-wise providence to remove by death our former classmate 
and friend, Edward Lovell Barnard, while in the service of his countrv 
Therefore 

Resolved, That we affectionately sympathize with and tender to 
his bereaved family our sincere condolements in this their great 
sorrow. 

Resolved, That as a tribute of respect to the memory of the deceased, 
and as a token of our esteem for his character, we, the members of this 
class, will wear the usual badge of mourning for thirty days. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to his afflicted 
family, and to the daily papers of Worcester, and that a committee of 
eleven be appointed to attend the funeral." 



THOMAS JEFFERSON SPURR. 459 

Thomas Jefferson Spurr. 
The following biographical sketch of the gallant and patri- 
otic Lieutenant Spurr, was prepared for the " Harvard 
Memorial," by Mr. Samuel S. Green. The occasional omis- 
sions in this transcript, have his sanction. 

"Thomas J. Spurr was born in Worcester, February 2, 1838. His 
grandfathers were General John Spurr and Dr. Dan Lamb, of Charlton ; his 
parents, Colonel Samuel Danforth and Mary Augusta (Lamb) Spurr. Both 
parents were born in Charlton, but removed to Worcester about 1832 or 
1833, having at that time but one child, a daughter. Colonel Spurr was a 
merchant in Worcester until his death in 1842. Thus in his fifth year, 
Thomas Spurr was left, with his sister, under the sole care of his mother ; 
and perhaps the strongest point in his character was the love which he felt 
for that mother. 

While at school he was fond of athletic sports, and as a scholar easily 
took the lead of his class. He prepared for college in the High School, 
and though his course of study was brief, he was well fitted. At the 
Junior Exhibition he ranked among the first eight scholars of the class. 
Good in all branches of study, he excelled in mathematics. Disease in 
the eyes induced him to leave college in the junior year, and seek im- 
provement by a voyage to Fayal. Returning without a cure, he continued 
his studies with the aid of a reader, and notwithstanding this impediment, 
his scholarship was such that his companions chose him a member of 
the Phi Beta Kappa Society. 

Sometime after graduation he began the study of law, his eyes gradually 
gaining strength. Having passed a year in the office of Messrs. Devens 
and Hoar, he entered the Law School at Cambridge in September, i860, 
with the desire of becoming a thorough lawyer as well as scholar. He 
was ambitious of success also, but his moral standard was high, and he 
scorned the deceits and meannesses too often practiced by men in the pur- 
suits of business, as if they felt none of the restraints of obligation. 

He was in every respect thoroughly manly. Strong of body, he was 
also self-relying and brave. He had, too, a purity and chastity of nature 
to which no stain of indelicacy ever attached itself. Of his love for his 
mother, his brother-in-law, Hon. George F. Hoar, writes in these words : 
— ' It manifested itself, not much in expressions of endearment, not at all 
in any mode which would attract the attention of strangers, but in con- 
stantly making her comfort and happiness the predominant consideration 
in all his plans of life. When he was in college and in the Law School, 
no week passed without at least two letters from him to her ; not letters 
written as in the performance of a self-imposed task, but full and com- 
plete journals of his life and thoughts. This feeling grew stronger with 



460 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

the separation caused by his life in the army. His dying moments were 
occupied with thoughts for her welfare, and her name was the last word 
upon his lips.' 

When the rebellion broke out he was in Russia, whither he had gone, 
hoping the voyage would do something for his eyes. The news received 
there came from hostile British sources, and was calculated to excite alarm 
as well as indignation. He hastened home, and then came the struggle 
between his duties to his mother and to his country, till he was satisfied 
that both were in unison. His peculiarly strong love for his only surviv- 
ing parent, made it hard for him to go to the war. She was a widow, and 
he an only son. It was only after a great struggle that he could make 
up his mind to leave her. He held very strong convictions, and believing 
that the North was right beyond question in the contest, was fervent in his 
wishes for its success. He felt that he must do something for his country. 
He was not moved by the love of glory or adventure ; but he did not fear 
hardship. He went to the war because it was his duty to go, feeling 
as other noble spirits felt, that he should be ashamed to look his 
friends in the face, or hold up his head anywhere, if he did not do his 
part in the contest. 

He was soon called upon to decide definitely, Colonel Devens having 
recommended him for the post of first lieutenant in company G of the 
Fifteenth Regiment. The recommendation was not sought by him or his 
friends, but was the result of Colonel Devens' personal knowledge of his 
qualities. ' His original appointment,' says Mr. Hoar, ' had not been 
approved by his men or the other officers of the regiment, they thinking 
that the vacancies should have been filled from among those who had 
gone through the dangers of Ball's Bluff; and if anything in him had 
made it possible, he would have encountered serious discomfort, if not 
hostility. But all this feeling soon yielded to his ' friendly and courteous 
manners, and his thorough and conscientious performance of his duty ; and 
all persons connected with his regiment agree that he was universally 
beloved by his comrades, both officers and men.' 

He was for a considerable time the only commissioned officer in his 
company, and his devotion to it was invariable. When they were 
stationed for some weeks near Washington, where he had many 
friends, he resolutely declined all their invitations, with a single excep- 
tion, saying that his duty required his constant presence with his 
men. When he found he was too ill to go into action with his company 
at Malvern Hill, he burst into tears. He went with his regiment to the 
Peninsula, returned with it, and received his death-wound at the battle of 
Antietam. The closing scenes of his life are best described by his 
brother-in-law, Mr. Hoar, who was with him in his last hours. 

'He joined the regiment in the fallofi86i. I never saw him again 
until I was summoned to Hagerstown after the battle of Antietam. He 



THOMAS JEFFERSON SPURR. 461 

was dressing the line of his company, about nine o'clock of the morning 
of the battle, the regiment being under a severe fire, when his thigh was 
struck by a minie-ball which shattered the bone. Two of his men came 
to where he lay and oflfered to carry him to the rear. He ordered them 
back to the ranks, and refused all assistance. The place where he lay 
was a short distance in front of a wood, to which the regiment was almost 
instantly compelled to retreat. The ground where he fell was not again 
occupied by our troops until after the battle. He lay on the ground where 
he fell all of Wednesday and through Wednesday night. On Thursday 
the enemy occupied the ground. Among them was a college acquaintance 
and contemporary, (believed to have been a Major Hale of South Caro- 
hna), who treated him with kindness, caused him to be removed to a 
farm-yard near by, and laid on the ground between two haystacks, and 
gave him a blanket, which we are glad to preserve. Thomas lay in this 
farm -yard until Saturday, when the ground was again occupied by our 
forces, and he was then removed to a hospital. On Monday he was taken 
to Hagerstown, where his mother and I, with Dr. Sargent, found him on 
Wednesday evening. Early the next morning, Thursday, he was carefully 
examined by the surgeons, who were able, by extracting the splinters of 
bone from his flesh to relieve the agony which he had suffered since he 
was wounded, but found his recovery hopeless. He said to me after the 
examination, ' I suppose you will tell me the result when you think it is 
best.' It would have dishonored that brave soul to keep it back, and I 
told him the whole truth. He heard it bravely and cheerfully. He said 
he hoped his company would be satisfied with him, and feel that he had 
deserved their confidence ; that he was not conscious of having had a 
single thought for himself after the first bullet was fired. He added that 
he believed he had the confidence of Colonel Kimball. He lay through 
this day and the next, suffering a good deal, and gradually growing 
weaker, but with his mind perfectly clear and calm. There is too much 
of a private and personal nature in the conversations of these two days to 
make it proper to repeat them here. Dr. Sargent, the distinguished phy- 
sician who kindly and generously left his pressing professional duties at 
home, to give his dying young friend the benefit of his skill, writes : ' I 
shall consider myself as more than compensated for any sacrifice I have 
made, by the elevating and purifying influences of that death-bed, — the 
death of the Christian patriot ; of the excellent son and brother, whose 
translation in the clearness of his intellect, and even in the fullness of wis- 
dom, was such as I never before witnessed.' 

At about half past four on Saturday morning he asked his mother, ' Do 
you think I am failing ? ' She said, ' Yes.' He said, ' While my mind is 
clear, I should like to pray with you.' He then, in a voice as clear and 
distinct as his usual voice in health, prayed for a blessing on his friends, 
thanked God for giving him such a kind mother, for the goodness which 



462 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

had followed him through life, and that he had been enabled to pass the 
last days of his life surrounded by kind friends, without which they must 
have been days of terrible anguish. He took leave of each of his friends 
who were present, and sent kind messages to his near relatives who were 
away. He sent his love to Lieutenant Bigelow, a young officer (then ser- 
geant) of his own regiment, who lay wounded in the same house, and said, 
' Henry (Lieutenant Bigelow) behaved beautifully. I want General Devens 
to know it. He ought to have a commission. He is so modest and quiet, 
that I don't think General Devens knows how much there is in him.' He 
then spoke to Dr. Sargent, and said, ' I have no doubt you have done all 
you can. I am much obliged to you. I am perfectly satisfied.' He then 
called his man Isaiah, and said, ' I hope I have not been unreasonable with 
you. I have tried not to be.' The man burst into tears, and replied, ' You 
have always been mighty good to me, sir.' Thomas then said, ' I believe 
there are no little things I have left unarranged. I should like to have 
Isaiah ride in the car beside the coffin so that it shall not be roughly 
handled. I have tried to do my duty ; I hope my example of devotion to 
my country may not be lost.' 

After a slight pause be said, ' It may be well for you as surgeons to 
make a certificate of my death, and send it to Colonel Kimball. His 
address is, " Lieutenant-Colonel Kimball, Fifteenth Regiment Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, Sedgwick's Division, Washington, District of Colum- 
bia." ' He then crossed his hands over his breast, and said, ' Now the 
sooner it is over, the better.' 

He then lay for a few hours quietly, giving occasional slight directions 
for arranging his position, etc., till about nine o'clock, a.m., when he asked 
for water, which he could not swallow. He then seemed sinking fast. 
He opened his eyes once more, and said, ' Don't feel badly ; be of good 
cheer, mother,' and in a few minutes quietly breathed his last." 

Solomon Parsons, Jr. 
He was the son of Solomon Parsons, of New Worcester, 
and was a member of the Fifty-first Regiment. He died in 
Newbcrn. The funeral took place at his father's house on 
January 30, 1863. The Rev. T. W. Lewis, pastor of the 
Methodist Church in New Worcester, officiated. The flags 
in the vicinage were displayed at half-mast. A delegation of 
Home Guards were present and acted as pall-bearers. He 
was a member of the company of Captain John S. Baldwin, 
who wrote a sympathizing letter to the friends, from which 
the following extract is taken : — " Such a man as Parsons 
ought not to be used up carelessly. He was a noble fellow ; 



SAMUEL FOSTER HAVEN, JR. 463 

one of the best, if not the very best man in my company, and 
it is with a heavy heart that I make the necessary arrange- 
ments to send his hfeless body home. He was a son to be 
proud of. I have known Parsons only since we started as 
soldiers ; but no one has grown faster in my favor than he, 
and no man was more popular with the company." 

Samuel Foster Haven, Jr., M.D. 

The funeral of Dr. Haven, only son of the accomplished Mr. 
S. F. Haven, librarian of the Antiquarian Society, took place 
on Wednesday, December 24, 1862, at eleven o'clock, a.m., 
at the Church of the Unity. The services were conducted 
by Rev. Mr. Shippen, pastor of the church, assisted by Rev. 
Mr. Scandlin, chaplain of the Fifteenth Regiment. The 
church was crowded. The officers and other members of the 
regiment, who were then at home, with other military men, 
were present. Rev. Mr. Scandlin read appropriate passages 
of scripture. Rev. Mr. Shippen in a few earnest words, spoke 
of .the great worth, the strength and tenderness of character 
of the young surgeon. He read also an extract from a noble 
and beautiful letter written by Dr. Haven after the death of 
Lieutenant Spurr, and referring to their intimate friendship, 
said that as in life they were united, in death they were not 
long divided. The hymn, 

" Nearer, my God, to Thee," 
was then sung, and the services were brought to a close. 
The coffin was draped with the national flag, and flowers and 
wreaths were arranged upon it. 

The following gentlemen, professional brethren of Dr. 
Haven, acted as pall-bearers, viz : Drs. Bates, Martin, Wood- 
ward, Clark, Gage, Sargent, Bemis and Nichols. 

The Home Guards, Colonel Ivors Phillips commanding, 
escorted the body to the grave at the Rural Cemetery, with 
muffled drums and reversed guns. In the meantime, the flags 
about the city were hung at half-mast in regard for the mem- 
ory of the deceased. 

The Worcester Association for Medical Improvement, 



464 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

adopted resolutions in honor of the memory of Dr. Haven, 
in which they spoke of his " large scientific attainments, dig- 
nified bearing, and brave fidelity to duty," and added that his 
"pure and blameless life, elevated social intercourse, unosten- 
tatious benevolence, and scrupulous regard for the rights and 
feelings of others, gave convincing evidence of the refining 
and ennobling influence of moral and religious culture." 

The " Harvard Memorial " contains the following tribute 
to Dr. Haven, which was prepared by his friend, William 
S. Davis, Esq. It is transferred to these pages, without 
abridgement. 

"The subject of this sketch was born in Dedham, in the house of his 
grandfather, the Hon. Samuel Haven, May 20, 1831. His father, Samuel 
F. Haven, Esq., has been for many years librarian of the American Anti- 
quarian Society, at Worcester. His mother was the daughter of the Rev. 
Freeman Sears of Natick, who died early in life, after a brief settlement in 
that place. She died when Foster was not quite five years old. 

Fortunately, at that tender, age, the friend from whom his mother, an 
orphan, had received her intellectual and moral culture, in the most im- 
portant period of her life, extended to him the same kind care, and 
watched over his early development with equal interest and affection. 
Whatever elevated and generous sentiments it is possible to cultivate in 
the mind of a child she labored to implant or nurture. She kept a journal 
of her experiences in the process of guiding and enlightening his sponta- 
neous mental operations, which evinces her devoted affection, and has a 
striking moral and metaphysical significance. The wide circle of the 
friends and acquaintances of this lady, (Miss Elizabeth P. Peabody), will 
readily understand how every intellectual germ which could be nourished 
into a principle of devotion to duty, or chivalrous self-sacrifice, or heroic 
aspiration, would receive an impulse and a direction from her hand which 
could never be wholly lost ; and in this case the noble fruition of the life of 
her pupil, bears ample testimony to the success of her early cultivation. 

The details of the life of a child are, perhaps, applicable to a notice of 
his maturity, only in the general way of showing the influence of early 
training on his more developed character and actions. And in this con- 
nection it may be appropriately remarked, that the record of Foster's child- 
life, as kept by his devoted friend, displays many touching incidents of 
tender, confiding affection, and evinces a truthfulness of spirit, an unwear- 
ried and almost systematic inquisitiveness, and a power of self absorption 
in an idea, very unusual in a child ; all of which traits were eminently 
characteristic of his mature years. 



SAMUEL FOSTER HAVEN, JR. 465 

The subsequent portion of his childhood, previous to liis residence in 
Worcester, he passed in the care of his grandparents at Dedham, and at 
the family school of Rev. Mr. Kimball, in an adjoining town. He went to 
Worcester in 1839, — his father having removed thither two years before, 
— and received the remainder of his preparatory education in the schools 
of the city. 

At the age of seventeen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 
the class of 1852, — the last of four successive generations of his name 
and family in the catalogue of the alumni of that University. Soon after 
graduation he entered upon his medical studies as the pupil of Dr. Henry 
Sargent, and subsequently become a member of the Tremont Street 
Medical Class in Boston. During the last year of his pupilage, he held 
the position of house physician in the Massachusetts General Hospital. 
In the autumn of 1855, having taken his degree of Doctor in Medicine, he 
visited Europe, and spent nearly two years in assiduous devotion to his 
studies, giving especial attention to his favorite branch of Ophthalmology 
in London, Paris, Vienna and Berlin. 

Before going to Europe, he wrote an essay on " Intestinal Obstruction," 
which is still esteemed a valuable contribution to medical literature. After 
his return from Europe he established himself in practice in Boston, and 
while there read before the Suffolk District Medical Society an essay on 
" Cysticerci within the Eye," which was also found worthy of publi- 
cation. 

Although in Boston but a short time, his stay was long enough to leave 
a grateful remembrance of his kindness and charity among the poor of his 
neighborhood, to which his medical successor bears cheerful testimony. 
Yet so reticent was he about all things that might seem to be creditable 
to himself, and so entirely pure-minded in his generosities, that not even 
his own father knew of his charitable habits till after his death. 

In the spring of 1858 he removed to Worcester, and there established 
himself in practice, intending to give special attention to diseases of the 
eye. There he remained until he entered the army. 

Although, owing to his peculiarly fastidious and retiring nature, he was 
not widely known in his profession, he had acquired an enviable reputa- 
tion among his medical brethren, as well for his powers of investigation as 
for his scientific attainments ; while his moral worth secured for him the 
respect of all who knew him, and his ingenuousness of heart attracted the 
warm affection of the small circle of his intimate friends. 

Dr. Haven was essentially a student all his life. His mental organiza- 
tion and moral qualities admirably fitted him for scientific research. He 
was endowed with a subtlety of discrimination, a love for, and facility 
in, minute observation, a power of handling details, an honesty of purpose, 
and a rare industry, fidelity and perseverance, that could not fail of suc- 
cess in this department. His thoroughness was remarkable. He seemed 

30 



466 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

unable to slight anything. All his works were finished with the elaborate 
nicety of a Dutch painting. 

With these characteristics, combined with attainments that were 
remarkable in his special department, he might well look forward to dis- 
tinction as a man of science, while his training, his decided mechanical 
ingenuity, and his coolness, gave promise of eminence in the more practi- 
cal walks of a surgical operator. 

He entertained especially fastidious notions about the dignity of his pro- 
fession, and was exceedingly careful to avoid even the appearance of those 
tricks and devices which are not unfrequently resorted to by practitioners 
to draw public attention upon themselves. It was a part of his thorough- 
ness and conscientiousness to prefer the solid success that professional 
ability is sure in the end to attain, to the more dazzling and ephemeral 
kind sometimes brought about by magnetic personal attractions or the 
loud praises and skillful maneuvers of active friends. 

He was not merely a professional man. His culture was wide for a 
person of his years and labors. Besides his college acquaintance with the 
classics, which he kept up to a considerable extent, he was in a measure 
familiar with the literature of France and Germany, and was also, about 
the time he entered the army, studying Italian, that he might enjoy the 
poets of that language in their original tongue. In matters of art his taste 
was pure and classic. His power of versification was considerable ; and 
he was not without some skill as a draughtsman, which, under cultivation, 
might have ripened into an ability above mediocrity. 

He had a strong taste for authorship, and after spending many months 
in preparation he had carried one manuscript to an advanced stage, with- 
out the knowledge of any one save those whom he was obliged to consult, 
and had made a contract for its publication, just as the war broke out. His 
desire to see this launched was the strongest obstacle to his entering 
the service, though it caused no hesitation in his conduct. It was 
an account of printers and printing in this country prior to the 
Revolution, with a catalogue of publications, revised and extended from 
Isaiah Thomas' ' History of Printing.' His manuscript is now in the 
possession of the American Antiquarian Society, and it is hoped may yet 
be published. 

How industriously he pursued his studies was never understood until an 
examination of his papers after his death revealed it. Among them were 
found copies and careful notes upon a variety of subjects, evincing a won- 
derful degree of assiduity and thoroughness. That this was not apprecia- 
ted in his lifetime, is due to his exceeding reticence and to his peculiar 
methods of labor. It was one of his frequent remarks, that he must work 
in his own way or he could do nothing, and his own way was usually an 
original method. 

But overtopping his intellectual abilities and aesthetic culture, was a 



SAMUEL FOSTER HAYEN, JR. 467 

spirit of singular simplicity, gentleness, and heroism, associated, however, 
with a shyness of disposition and fastidiousness of taste that to some 
extent restrained its free action. He was almost childlike in the guile- 
lessness of his life and the naturalness of his emotions. Quiet and 
undemonstrative in temperament, his thorough amiability and warm affec- 
tion manifested themselves much more in practical acts of kindness, than 
in noisy profession or sentimental talk. Truthful to an extreme, in word 
and deed, he could not bend himself to suit the tastes of others, nor easily 
adapt himself to varying circumstances. Sensitive in his nature, judging 
always by the standard of perfection, and influenced by a notable aversion 
to all shams and insincerity, he saw much in the world that shocked him, 
and much in those around him with which he did not care to become inti- 
mate. Yet there was nothing of the cynic in his disposition, nor did he 
take upon himself the duties of public or private censor. Whatever 
offended his taste or his sense of right, seemed to pain rather than anger 
him, and caused him to retire sorrowfully within himself, yet with a heart 
ready and anxious to forgive as soon as his judgment should assent. With 
this temperament and these tastes, it is not strange that he shrank from 
rough contact with the world, and that his circle of intimate friends was 
not large, nor that in that circle he was the most warm-hearted, sympa- 
thetic and trust-worthy. 

But his conscientiousness was, perhaps, the most striking of his moral 
characteristics. With him the appreciation of a duty insured its perform- 
ance, no matter what the cost or self-sacrifice involved. United with it 
was a certain chivalrousness of spirit, under the influence of which, shy 
and gentle as was, he was ready to do and suffer anything in the defense 
and performance of what he deemed the right. 

Though to a man thus constituted, a military life could present but few 
attractions. Dr. Haven did not hesitate when the appeal came for troops. 
Duty seemed to call him and that was enough. Appointed assistant sur- 
geon of the Fifteenth Massachusetts Regiment, — the first regiment of three 
years' troops recruited in Worcester county, — he cheerfully departed for 
the seat of war in August, 1861, never again to return to the city of his 
residence, until, nearly eighteen months afterwards, he was borne through 
its hushed streets, with solemn honors, to his lowly resting-place. 

Space will not permit to follow Surgeon Haven with anything like mi- 
nuteness through his military career. Only a few of the many facts and 
incidents at hand can be used, illustrating the character of his devotion to 
duty. 

Though in the service about a year and a half, he never asked leave of 
absence to revisit his home, nor, it is believed, was he ever absent from 
his post for a single day, except on imperative business. Much of the 
time while assistant surgeon, owing to the illness or absence of his supe- 
rior medical ofiicer, he had the sole charge of the sick and wounded of his 



468 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

regiment ; yet his letters do not breathe one word of complaint, nor even 
a suggestion that his path of duty was a hard one. 

He early arrived at the conviction, — eventually fatal to himself, — that it 
was the duty of a surgeon to follow his regiment into actual battle, so that 
he might be near at hand to succor the wounded. The counter-argument, 
that on a battle-field the life of a surgeon was much more valuable than 
that of any one whom he would be likely to save by this undue exposure, 
and the representation that the wounded might be readily brought to him 
in some place of comparative safety, availed nothing. His opinion was 
inflexible, and he ever acted upon it with an utter disregard of danger, 
that would have won distinguished promotion to any line officer in the 
service. 

At Ball's Bluff, indeed, he was not with his regiment in the conflict 
itself; but, in his station on Harrison's Island, in the middle of the Poto- 
mac, he was by no means out of danger ; for at one time, as he says in his 
short letter of October 24, ' the bullets poured in upon us like hailstones.' 
Another brief extract from the same letter shows how little he regarded 
himself. One of the boats in which the wounded were removed had 
swamped. ' It seemed an impossibility to get the wounded off before 
morning, and we were sure of being shelled out by daylight. Dr. Hay- 
ward — Twentieth Regiment — and I, decided to remain and be taken, 
and get off what men we could.' This calamity was fortunately averted. 

At Yorktown, the next summer, he put his principle of conduct into lit- 
eral application, in coolly taking his seat on a log a few feet in the rear of 
his regiment, one day when it was supporting a battery, equally regardless 
of the shells of the enemy and the solicitations of his brother surgeons 
who besought him to fall back with them but a few rods to a place of 
security. 

At Fair Oaks he bore himself with distinguished intrepidity, attending 
to his surgical duties in the very midst of the conflict, while wounded and 
unwounded men with whom he was conversing, were shot dead at his 
feet. His personal experiences on that eventful day, did space permit the 
detailing of them, would be highly interesting, though in his letter to his 
father he says, with characteristic shyness, they ' concern nobody but you 
and me.' 

From Harrison's Landing, under date of July 13, 1862, he writes : — 

' I am surprised to hear from you, that my name has been mentioned 
in connection with the Thirty-fourth. I am obliged to my friends that 
may have suggested it ; but I really do not wish to leave the Fifteenth. 
There is already evidence of too much desire on the part of officers to get 
leave of absence for the sake of procuring higher appointments in new 
regiments.' 

He was soon after rewarded for his constancy by being promoted to 
the surgeonship of his own regiment, on the resignation of Dr. Bates. 



SAMUEL FOSTER HAVEN, JR. 469 

His personal adventures at Antietam cannot be made more interesting 
than in his own words, under date of September 24, 1862 : — 

' As our brigade advanced in line of battle, under fire from the rebel 
batteries, General Gorman, (why I know not), ordered me to the left of the 
line, thus bringing me with the Thirty-fourth New York Regiment. This 
regiment became first engaged with the enemy, and partly from the 
deadly fire, and partly from the breaking of the regiment on its left, 
(of another brigade), the Thirty-fourth gave way itself. With other 
officers, I. did my best to rally the men, and only with partial success. 
General Sedgwick, who was at this part of the line, had his horse shot, 
and was wounded in two places. I looked at his wounds, and advised 
him to go to the rear, but he would not, and I then offered him my 
horse, but his wrist was broken, and he could not well ride. . . . 

During this time the rest of the brigade had become separated, and 
were far to the right. I rode hither and thither all over the field, trying 
in vain to find the Fifteenth. At last I stumbled upon all that was left, — 
about one hundred and seventy-five men. 

The colonel desired me to try and get the body of Captain Simonds, 
which had been brought part way back. Taking an ambulance, I found it, 
and while putting it in, was called some way to the front to see Colonel 
Wristar of the California regiment. While hastily dressing his wounds, 
word was brought that the rebel skirmishers were close upon us. 
Colonel Wristar thought he could walk, but while helping him out he 
fainted, and I had just brought him to, when his own surgeon appeared. 

The fight was expected to be renewed the next morning, but both sides 
rested on their arms. A lot of our killed and wounded lay beyond our 
lines, and within those of the rebels. I made several vain efforts to get 
at them, and particularly to find Tom Spurr, riding even beyond our own 
pickets, and within half-gunshot distance of the rebel pickets, who were in 
plain sight. Towards night I went with Colonel Lee of the Twentieth, 
and a flag of truce, over to the rebels to get permission to bury our dead 
and carry off the wounded. We parleyed some time with several staff 
officers, and finally with General Fitz-Hugh Lee himself; but permission 
would not be given, unless an arrangement had been made between the 
commanders of the two forces themselves. 

During the night the enemy returned, and early in the morning we went 
over and found our dead and wounded, — an awful sight. The rebels, 
however, had been kind to our wounded, and got them within and around 
a barn with large haystacks.' 

Surgeon Haven's last hasty note (from Falmouth, opposite Fredericks- 
burg) bears date December 9. At the close of it, he thus refers to the 
preparatory orders for the disastrous battle of the thirteenth : — ' We 
have this moment received orders to leave to-morrow morning, right away 
after breakfast, three days' rations issued to officers and men, and sixty 



470 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

rounds of ammunition to each man. This looks like moving, and it 
remains to be seen what will be done.' 

What was done can be read, not only in his own epitaph, but in the 
broken hearts and desolate homes of, alas ! how many. A portion of the 
sad story can best be told in the words of his superior officer, Surgeon 
Sherman. After speaking of his ' sacrifices to duty,' and ' utter disregard 
of danger,' he says : 

' Witnessing his self-exposure at the battle of Antietam, I had, as 
medical director of the Second Division, detailed your son, in a written 
order, in the event of a battle, to repair to the Division Hospital, and give 
his services there instead of in the field with his regiment. When I com- 
municated this order to your son, he evidently felt disappointed. He 
expressed a strong choice to go wherever his regiment went ; and when 
the column to which the Fifteenth Massachusetts was attached was about 
to pass over the bridge in front of Fredericksburg, he was expostulated 
with, and reminded of the previous order, but he asked as a special favor 
to be allowed to go with his regiment, and said that as soon as the light 
was done, he would return to the hospital and remain there.' 

Only a short time after, while marching through the streets of the city 
by the side of his regiment, toward the position assigned it in that day's 
battle, he was struck in the leg by a casual shell from the enemy's bat- 
teries. Taken back to the nearest hospital, it was for a time hoped that 
an amputation might save his life ; but he never rallied from the shock. 
And so, cheerful in his agony, upheld by the consciousness of duty per- 
formed, in that shattered building, even then rent by an occasional shell, 
adding fresh confusion and horror to the scene, — surrounded by the dying 
and dead, amid the groans of those to assuage whose early pangs he had 
ventured and suffered all, — the patriot passed away ; and his gentle spirit, 
answering to the roll-call of the mighty cannonade, took its place in the 
great army which that night encamped in the heavenly fields." 

The following lines from the pen of Rev. D. A. Wasson, and 
inscribed to the memory of Dr. Haven, appeared in the 
Daily Spy, December 30, 1862. 

" With skillful touch he turned away 
Death's wishful hand from wounded men ; 
But when was done that doleful day, 
The living laid him with the slain. 

Thy hurt to heal, O native land ! 
What mortal might he did and dared : 
And when all service of his hand 
Seemed not enough, his heart he bared, 



JAMES STUART, EDWIN H. BLISS. 47 1 

And laid his life upon thy heart, 
By losing all, to make thee whole ; 
But could not lose his high desert 
And place on Memory's record-roll. 

And when that sacred roll she calls, 
The word, perchance, will reach his ear, 
And he shall from the eternal halls, 
Among God's angels, answer, ' Here.' 

We will not deem his life was brief. 
For noble death is length of days ; 
The sun that ripens autumn's sheaf 
Has poured a summer's wealth of rays." 

James Stewart. 
Young Stewart died at Newbern, and his remains arrived in 
Worcester January 29, 1863. He was buried from the house 
of his father, Southbridge Street, on Sunday afternoon, Feb- 
ruary I. He was a member of the Twenty-fifth Regiment, 
and was twenty-four years of age. As a member of the band, 
and as a friend, he was held in high esteem by his comrades. 

Edwin H. Bliss. 
This brave young soldier was a member of the Fifty-first 
Regiment, and was a corporal in company C. His age was 
twenty-one years. He was the son of Mr. Edward E. Bliss 
of this city. Being a young man of excellent disposition, 
intelligent and well-educated, he was missed and mourned by 
many friends. He went to the war cheerfully, but as one im- 
pelled by a sacred sense of duty. And as he had been faith- 
ful in every trust at home, so he was a brave and faithful 
soldier. A twin brother, Edward M. Bliss, was a mem- 
ber of the Fifteenth, and was wounded at the battle of 
Antietam. The funeral of Edwin H. Bliss took place at noon, 
Sunday, March i, 1862, at Salem Street Church. The Rev. 
Mr. Richardson conducted the solemn services. The Home 
Guards were present, and did escort duty while the body was 
conveyed to the Rural Cemetery. 



472 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Charles H. Smith. 
The funeral of Mr. Smith took place at the residence of his 
step-father, James H. Osgood, Esq., on the afternoon of Sun- 
day, March i, 1863, Rev. E. Cutler conducting the services. 
He was a member of company D, Fifty-first Regiment. His 
remains were taken to Springfield, on Monday, for interment, 
in charge of a detachment of the Highland Cadets. 

Eugene W. Stratton. 
He was a member of the Fifty-first Regiment, which lost a 
large number of young men by sickness, while in North Caro- 
lina. He was buried from the Third Baptist Church on 
Tuesday morning, the third of March, 1863. Rev. Mr. Ban- 
vard, who officiated at the funeral, paid a high tribute to the 
Christian character and the manly virtues of the deceased. 
The Home Guards attended in a body, and did escort duty. 
The remains were placed in the tomb in the Rural Cemetery. 

Charles W. Haven. 

Another of the Fifty-first Regiment. His remains, and 
those of Henry G. Longley and George D. Rice, all of com- 
pany C, were brought home at the same time. A letter from 
Captain John S. Baldwin, dated in the latter part of February, 
mentions thirteen deaths as having occurred since the open- 
ing of the year 1863. The malady was called a "mysterious 
disease, alTecting the brain and spinal cord." Quite a number 
died after the date of the letter. 

The funeral services of young Haven were held in Salem 
Street Church, Sunday afternoon, March 29, being conducted 
by Rev. Mr. Richardson. The Home Guards, under Colonel 
Phillips, performed their usual part, by doing escort duty. A 
large number of the friends of the deceased were present. 

Henry G. Longley. 
The funeral of Mr. Longley took place at the Main Street 
Baptist church, on the afternoon of Tuesday, March 31, 1863. 
He was also a member of company C, of the Fifty-first Regi- 



JAMES R. ESTEY. 4/3 

ment. His age was about twenty-one, and previous to his 
sickness, he was one of the stoutest and healthiest men in the 
regiment. He was loved by all his comrades, who deeply 
felt his loss and lamented his early death. He was impelled 
into the service by his ardent patriotism. He was " noble 
and generous, strictly just, honorable and manly in his busi- 
ness and social relations, and warmly attached to his friends." 
He was married soon after his enlistment. 

Young Rice, mentioned above, was buried at Auburn, the 
Home Guard doing escort duty. 

James R. Estey. 
This was another member of the Twenty-fifth Regiment. 
He died at Newbern. A large number of relatives and 
friends mourned his decease. His funeral was attended at 
the Old South Church, on Saturday morning, January 31, 
1863, the Rev. Mr. Cutler conducting the service. The 
church was thronged with those who wished to do honor to 
the youthful soldier. Members of the High School, and 
others who cherished personal friendship for him were present. 
The Home Guards were out in full ranks, and did escort duty. 
The remains were placed in the Grove Street Cemetery, and 
the usual salute was fired over them. He was an only son. 
His classmates in the High School passed the following res- 
olutions. 

" Whereas, We have heard with sorrow that it has pleased God to 
recall his own, our friend and schoolmate, James R. Estey, while in the 
service of his country, by a painful and lingering disease, after having 
passed heroically through the carnage and strife of battle, therefore 

Resolved, That while we feel assured that his unchained spirit has but 
flown to its gracious Master, whom the youthful patriot, while surrounded 
by the dangers and hardships of war, was accustomed to worship and 
reverence, yet his early fall has cast a gloom upon our hearts, and we 
tender to his afflicted family our sincere condolements in this so great 
bereavement." 



474 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Charles H. Cutting. 

He was a corporal in Captain Baldwin's company in the 
Fifty-first Regiment, under command of Colonel Sprague. 
He died at Newbern, of congestive fever. Captain Baldwin 
wrote as follows in reference to Cutting. "Another brave, 
true, manly fellow is gone from my company. He was a vic- 
tim of fever and died on the twenty-fourth of January, 1863. 
He was aged 21. He is a son of N. H. Cutting of Worcester. 
He will be greatly missed in company F, and in the regiment, 
where he was very popular. Refined, intelligent, patriotic, he 
has freely offered his life for his country. How many young 
men in Worcester are there who deserve such honorable men- 
tion as this noble son of Massachusetts .'' " 

The funeral of young Cutting took place at the Mission 
Church, on the afternoon of Saturday, the seventh of Febru- 
ary, 1863. The chapel was crowded with friends who took 
this opportunity to testify their respect. The services were 
conducted by Rev. Mr. Cutler, and were very impressive. 
The Home Guards were in attendance, and did escort duty. 
The remains were deposited in the tomb at Grove Street 
Cemetery. 

General George B. Boomer. 
Though General Boomer entered the service from a west- 
ern state, yet his connection with Worcester was such that a 
notice of him finds an appropriate place in these pages. He 
was the son of Rev. J. B. Boomer, a resident of this city, at 
the time of his — General Boomer's — death, and he received 
his education at the Worcester Academy. Sutton was his 
birth-place. His remains repose in the Rural Cemetery. 
His funeral was attended at the Third Baptist Church, on 
Sunday, June 28, 1863, by an audience which filled the house 
to its utmost capacity. The members of the city government 
were present. The State Guard, and the Highland Cadets 
were out in full ranks, accompanied by the Cornet Band. 
Brigadier-General Devens attended, and the governor was 
represented by Colonel Wetherell of the staff. There were 



GENERAL GEORGE E. BOOMER. 475 

twenty-seven carriages in the funeral cortege. The pall- 
bearers were Colonel Pickett, Majors McCafferty and McCon- 
ville, Provost Marshal S. V, Stone, Captain Church Howe, 
Captain Wageley, and Lieutenant Charles F. Tew. A floral 
cross was suspended in front of the pulpit, and the casket, 
draped with the national colors, was profusely decked with 
bouquets and wreaths of flowers. 

The Rev. Mr. Banvard conducted the services, and gave a 
brief account of General Boomer's military life. The choir 
sang Collins' ode, commencing with these lines : 

" How sleep the brave who sink to rest, 
By all their country's wishes blest." 

Mr. Banvard then proceeded to say that General Boomer 
was " born in Sutton, and was early remarkable for his strong 
attachment to home and his love of mental cultivation. He 
received his academic education at the Worcester Manual 
Labor High School, then so called, now the Worcester 
Academy, and was intending to go through a collegiate course, 
but his eyesight failing him, he turned his attention to busi- 
ness, going to St. Louis at the age of nineteen, where by his 
success in bridge-building, and other enterprises in Illinois, he 
built up a handsome fortune." At the breaking out of the 
rebellion he raised a regiment in Missouri, and entered with 
his whole soul into the struggle for the Union. He was dis- 
tinguished for his coolness and intrepidity at the battle of 
luka, where he received two severe wounds, which disabled 
him for a month. He then rejoined his regiment, and was 
placed by General Grant, as a mark of his confidence, in com- 
mand of a brigade, including five regiments. At the battle of 
the Big Black his bravery and conduct were conspicuous, and 
he was made brigadier-general by brevet. He participated in 
every engagement in the campaign of General Grant, from the 
opening of the year 1863, up to the time of his death. This 
occurred at the battle of Champion Hill, on the twenty-second 
of May, where he was killed by a rebel bullet which struck 
his head, near sunset. In this sanguinary battle, he greatly 
added to his reputation as a brave and skillful officer. He 



476 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

led fifteen hundred men into this action, of whom five hundred 
and fifty-seven were killed, wounded or missing, at the close 
of the day. Mr. Banvard read the last letter written by the 
general to his friends at home. It was intensely patriotic, 
and somewhat prophetic of his own coming fate. A merited 
tribute was paid to his eminent worth, by the speaker, as 
good, brave, generous, and as having hosts of friends both 
east and west, who mourned his early but heroic death. 

Brigadier-General William N. Green, Jr. 
A relative of General Green has furnished the following 
elegant notice of his military career. 

" The elder son of William N. Green, Esq., of Worcester, was born on 
the tenth day of January in the year 1843. Receiving the preliminaries 
of his education in the common schools, he graduated at the High 
School, and Was diverted from his contemplated collegiate course by 
the breaking out of the war. A disposition enterprising and adventur- 
ous had been cultivated from childhood by constant expeditions with his 
father in search of the game of the woods and the streams, and in this 
way he acquired remarkable personal strength and power of endurance, 
and skill and freeness in the handling of arms. 

The excitement incident to the general preparations for the war natur- 
ally stirred such a character deeply, and he was inclined to enlist as a 
soldier in the ranks. This inclination constantly grew upon him. Hav- 
ing occasion to visit the city of New York, he aided in forming a regiment 
there, and was offered in it the position of second lieutenant, but preferred 
to return to his native city to take a place in the ranks of the Twenty- 
fifth Regiment which was then organizing. Having enlisted, he was 
immediately made corporal, and proceeded with the regiment from Wor- 
cester to Roanoke Island. His energy and soldierly capacities were soon 
observed, and he was offered a second lieutenancy in the One Hundred 
and Second Regiment of New York Volunteers. With this regiment he 
was engaged in the battle of Cedar Mountain, was taken prisoner by the 
Confederates and carried to Libby Prison, Richmond, where he remained 
a prisoner for forty-six days, enduring the privations of his confinement, 
which were by no means inconsiderable, with fortitude and even with 
cheerfulness. Being exchanged, he was shortly thereafter engaged with 
his regiment in the remarkable battle of Chancellorsville, rallying and 
encouraging his men, and displaying a determination and personal bravery 
that have but few parallels in the annals of the war. With his own hands 
and by his own strength he captured the flag from the color-sergeant of a 



BRIGADIER-GENERAL WILLIAM N. GREEN, JR. 477 

Georgia regiment, and l^rought in three prisoners ; a captain, the color- 
sergeant, and a private. 

Special mention was made of his bravery in the battle in the orders of 
the day, and he was presented by the general in command on the lield 
with the sword of the officer he had captured, and was promoted to a 
captaincy. Soon after he was offered the position of lieutenant-colonel in 
the One Hundred and Seventy-third Regiment of New York Volunteers. 
He proceeded immediately to New Orleans to join his regiment, then 
destined to form a part of the Red River Expedition which moved from 
New Orleans about the first of March, 1864. On the long march through 
the enemy's country, much of the care and discipline of the regiment 
devolved on its lieutenant-colonel. Several sharp and active skirmishes 
were encountered in which he took a prominent part, and in one he was 
supposed to have been shot. His vigilant, energetic, and intelligent 
administration of the affairs of the regiment, commanded the warm approval 
of his superior officers. He was appointed president of courts-martial, for 
the trial of offences punishable with death, and discharged these respon- 
sible duties with singular good judgment. His written orders and com- 
munications were characterized by language peculiarly terse, clear and 
decided. 

On the eighth of April the expedition encountered the main body of the 
enemy in the vicinity of Mansfield. A battle ensued under General 
Banks, whose line soon gave way and retreated in discomfiture to Pleasant 
Hill. As the colonel of the regiment had assumed command of the 
brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Green took its command from about ten 
o'clock P.M., of the eighth, and retained it until about two o'clock p.m., of 
the ninth of April. He fought with the regiment until forced to fall back 
with the brigade to Pleasant Hill, where he arrived at about daylight the 
next morning. His v/atchfulness and vigilance on this occasion were 
conspicuous. 

On the afternoon of the ninth of April, the battle of Pleasant Hill com- 
menced, and after a fierce engagement, the confederates were checked, and 
some of the guns that had been been lost were retaken. The attack of 
the enemy was sudden. The regiment was steady in delivering its fire. 
It went into action about three hundred and twenty-five strong, and came 
out with a loss of one hundred and sixty-four prisoners, and about sixty 
killed and wounded. 

Colonel Green was severely wounded in the left arm about the first 
fire, and was taken to Grand Ecore about thirty-five nfiles from the 
battle field, undergoing the surgical operation of resection on the 
way. Thence he was removed, per steamer, to a New Orleans 
hospital, where he arrived on the fourteenth of April. After much sufier- 
ing, his arm was amputated on the seventh of May. He remained hope- 
ful of recovery and of clear intellect until the thirteenth, the last day of his 



478 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

life, when he wandered in mind, imagining himself in the shock of battle 
as general in command. His last words were ' Good bye, all.' 

His remains, attended by a military escort, were, after appropriate reli- 
gious ceremonies at Christ Church, New Orleans, accompanied to Wor- 
cester under an escort detailed for this duty. A public funeral was voted 
by the City Council of Worcester, which took place on the first of June. 
A procession consisting of the military, the mayor and city authorities, 
and a large concourse of citizens, followed from his father's house to his 
resting place. Thus passed away at the age of twenty-one, a gallant and 
patriotic soldier, endeared to his family by every tie that affection and sym- 
pathy could weave. Of a brave and generous spirit, he was admired and 
mourned by his wide circle of comrades in arms. He had early entered 
upon and wrestled successfully with very grave responsibilities, requiring 
a calm and instructed judgment and great administrative vigor. His con- 
stant and unwearied attention to the comfort and welfare of his soldiers 
gave him a high place in their esteem, and great influence over them, 
and ensured a ready and cheerful obedience. His written orders, com- 
munications, and decisions were marked by completeness and correctness 
of statement. He gave great promise as a forcible public speaker. His 
descriptions of natural scenery and of events of which he was witness, 
showed great power and beauty of expression. 

His grave is beside those of his forefathers in the Green family burial 
ground in the Rural Cemetery of Worcester. 

In honor of his memory, the corporation authorities of the city of New 
York passed a series of highly commendatory resolutions in which the 
" manly qualities, soldierly abilities, and signal bravery in battle," of 
Colonel Green, were extolled as " worthy of emulation by all our 
soldiers." 

He was, by the President and Senate of the United States, duly commis- 
sioned as Colonel, and by the same authorities, commissioned Briga- 
dier-General." 

Owen Trainor, and Charles B. O'Rourke. 
These were members of the Emmet Guards, and did ser- 
vice in company I, of the Fiftieth Regiment, They died in 
the field, and were buried at Port Hudson. Their remains 
were brought home, and on the eighth of February, 1864, 
funeral services in their honor took place in St. John's Church, 
high mass being celebrated on the occasion. The members 
of the Emmet Guards who were in the city, paid the last trib- 
ute of respect to the memory of their comrades. 



CHARLES H. BOSWELL. 



479 



P. J. McCONVILLE. 

This was another member of the Emmet Guards, and a 
brother of Captain Henry McConville. His funeral services 
were conducted at St. John's Church, on Wednesday morning, 
February lo, 1864, and he was buried with mihtary ceremo- 
nies. 

Lewis M. Brooks. 
He was a member of the Thirty-sixth Regiment. His 
funeral was attended at the chapel of the Central Church, on 
the afternoon of Saturday, March 5, 1864. The State Guard, 
in full ranks, did escort duty on the occasion. 

John D. Mirick. 
When the Twenty-fifth Regiment was formed in Worces- 
ter, Mr. Mirick enlisted. In May, 1863, he was commissioned 
as second lieutenant in the First Regiment, North Carolina 
Volunteers, (colored). Not long previous to the battle of 
Olustee, Florida, he was promoted as first lieutenant. In the 
above-named battle, he was wounded. Having been removed 
to the hospital at Beaufort, he lingered eight days, and then 
died at the age of twenty-four years. 

Charles H. Boswell. 
A notice of his death appeared in the Daily Spy, March 29, 
1864, in which he is spoken of in terms of the deepest respect 
and affection. In the words of the writer, whose initials — 
J. M. C. — will be still recognized : 

" Knowing him intimately for the last ten years, being associated with 
him most of the time in intellectual and moral pursuits, I can bear testi- 
mony to his devotion to all the great moral movements through which we 
as a people have passed. Ever kind and generous, with a pleasing smile 
and cordial shake of the hand, which at once convinced one it was no un- 
meaning salutation, he was, as it were, the very life of his associates. 
Much as he loved his parents, his young and devoted wife, his large circle 
of friends, and the associations of which he was an honored member he 
sacrificed them all upon the altar of his country. . . . With what heroic 
fortitude he told the tale of his watchful, an.xious care, as hour after hour 



480 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

be sat by the sick bed of his younger brother, and finally laid him in his 
quiet grave ! His kind words to his parents, when informing them of their 
loss, spoke more for the Chistian and the hero than any poor words of 
mine. He will be long and kindly remembered. So long as men appre- 
ciate a beneficent nature, a generous soul, the memory of Charles H. 
Boswell will be revered." 

James Holden. 
His remains were brought to Worcester on the fourth of 
April, 1863, from Falmouth, Virginia, where he died in camp. 
He was a member of company H, of the Twenty-eighth Reg- 
iment, and was a faithful soldier. He was buried under the 
escort of the Home Guards, on the fifth of April, according to 
the sacred rites of his church, the choir of St. John's Church 
singing at the funeral. 

Francis M. Atherton. 
The Rev. Mr. Lewis conducted the funeral services in 
honor of Mr. Atherton, at the Laurel Street Methodist 
Church, on the afternoon of Sunnay, May 24. The remains 
were escorted to Hope Cemetery, by the Home Guards. He 
was a member of the First Massachusetts Cavalry. 

William F. Gordon. 
The funeral of this young soldier, who died at sea, on board 
the Convoy, on her passage from Nevvbern, was attended at 
the Old South Church, on the afternoon of Sunday July 12, 
at four o'clock, p. m. Rev. Messrs. Walker and St. John con- 
ducted the services. The State Guard did escort duty. The ij!'! 
body was placed in the tomb, at the time, and afterwards taken * 
to the residence of Gordon's father in Winhall, Vermont. 

Michael McDonald. 
Was a member of the Emmet Guards, under Captain 
Powers, and belonged to the Fiftieth Regiment. He served 
in the trenches before Port Hudson, and at the close of a hard j| 

campaign, was brought home to be buried. His companions 
in arms fired the volley over his grave. He was buried on the 



JOHN F. BIXBY. 481 

twentieth of August, 1863, with the rites of his church, and 
the customary honors. 

Sergeant John Hines. 
Another member of the Emmet Guards, and one of the first 
to vokmteer for three months' service, when the rebels 
attacked Fort Sumter. He afterwards joined the Fiftieth 
Regiment, nine months' troops, in which he was a sergeant, 
and gave his Hfe for his country. He was buried with mili- 
tary lionors. 

John F. Bixby. 
This youthful soldier belonged to that remarkable class of 
young men who, at the breaking out of the rebellion, seemed 
impelled by a high sense of patriotic duty to engage in the 
defense of their country. They were moved, as it were, by a 
sacred and irresistible influence. He was the son of Mr. 
Austin W. Bixby, of this city, and at the beginning of the war, 
had just completed his seventeenth year. Though so young, 
and unaccustomed to labor, he yet was eager to incur all the 
hardships of military life in the cause of his country. Twice 
was he disappointed in his efforts to join a company ; first, 
because the company was disbanded, and next because the 
company was full, and the young applicant must give place to 
those more advanced in years. Though a dutiful son, his ear- 
nest pleadings with his father and mother finally obtained 
their consent for him, though so youthful, to enlist. He was 
so earnest for the strife, that, rather than wait for the chance 
of going with personal friends in some new regiment, he went 
to Northborough, and enlisted among entire strangers, and 
thus became a member of the Fifteenth Regiment, Captain 
Philbrick's company. In a week he bade a cheerful farewell 
to home, and was off for the war. He was in the terrible 
struggle at Ball's Bluff, and saved himself from capture by 
swimming the Fotomac. During two years of heroic service, 
in which he fought in several battles and skirmishes, and was 
exposed to many dangers, he lost but little time on account of 

31 



482 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

sickness. The regiment was often reduced in numbers, but 
he was preserved. At Chancellorsville and Gettysburg he 
was in the thickest of the fight, but came out unharmed. His 
heart never failed him, so far as is known, but he reposed on 
the kind Providence of God. But worn down and needing 
rest, he was placed in a responsible position in the hospital at 
Gettysburg, where care and watching, and sleepless nights, 
brought on a fever of which he died on the twelfth of Septem- 
ber, 1863. He had no bad habits, was pure and upright, and 
his devotion to the service was fervent to the close. He sent 
the following lines cut from a paper to his mother, as express- 
ive of his feelings. 

" Some unseen power preserved me 
In the wild and fearful fight. 
And a strength heroic nerved me 
As I struck for truth and right. 

And my heart is still in keeping 

With my country's glorious cause ; 
And until it ceases beating 

I'll defend her flag and laws." 

Colonel George H. Ward. 

The military history of Colonel Ward will be found in that 
of the Fifteenth Regiment, with which he was connected till 
his death on the field of Gettysburg. He was a descendant 
of General Artemas Ward, and by his military career, con- 
ferred honor on the family name. In early life he was con- 
nected with the volunteer militia, and was a well-trained and 
skillful soldier before he went to the war. He was an active 
and leading member of the Worcester City Guards, at one 
time, and at the breaking out of the rebellion, held the posi- 
tion of brigadier-general. None of the younger officers of the 
regular army, were at the time, better qualified to command a 
regiment than Colonel Ward. He was an able, accomplished 
and most gallant officer. 

He rendered zealous and efficient service when the Fif- 
teenth Regiment was organized, and went with it to the seat 



COLONEL GEORGE H. WARD. 483 

of war as lieutenant-colonel. He was unwearied in his en- 
deavors to give it the most effective discipline, and to make 
it one of the most efficient regiments in the army. In the 
disastrous battle of Ball's Bluff, he behaved with the greatest 
coolness and courage. As stated in a former chapter, he was 
so severely wounded in that battle that his leg was amputated 
below the knee. 

Rendered incapable of service in the field for several 
months by this wound, he yet, as soon as possible, and while 
suffering much, became very active and successful in securing 
recruits for the Fifteenth Regiment, besides rendering great 
assistance in organizing new regiments. Friends advised him 
to resign, but his eagerness to be in the field was such that he 
joined the army on the Rappahannock, before he was really 
well enough for service in the field. He was placed in com- 
mand of a brigade. He remained actively in command, and in 
spite of pain and weakness, marched with the army from Fal- 
mouth to Gettysburg. A letter from the latter place, dated 
just before the battle, stated that Colonel Ward was quite 
unwell, but he could not be kept from sharing the danger and 
doing the duty of a soldier in that great and prolonged con- 
test. He commanded a brigade, and was at the head of his 
men in the thickest and fiercest of the battle on Thursday. 
He was in Gibbon's Division of the Second Corps. He 
handled his men with the utmost coolness and skill, and 
fought with the most determined bravery. About six o'clock 
in the afternoon, a minie-ball struck him in the thigh and sev- 
ered the femoral artery. He bled to death, though he lived in 
an insensible condition until the next morning. 

The following particulars respecting his death are gathered 
from a narrative drawn up by George A. Macker, a member 
of the Fifteenth, and put into the hands of Mrs. Ward. It 
seems that the death of General Reynolds, near the close of 
the first day of the protracted battle of Gettysburg, necessi- 
tated a change of corps and division commanders, by which 
arrangement Colonel Ward was put in command of a brigade. 

His troops arrived at the scene of action about eight 



484 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

o'clock, on the morning of the second day of the fight. They 
halted about half a mile in rear of the First Corps, which was 
in line of battle. Says the narrative, " We halted, got our 
breakfast, and slept, those who could. Those who could not 
were glad enough to lie down, as we had marched about one 
hundred and fifty miles that week. It was a wet, rainy day. 
About two o'clock we were called into line, and an order from 
General Meade was read to us, telling us we m\xs,t fight, for if 
we lost, all was lost." The contest was opened by Sickles, 
about four in the afternoon. Not long after, Colonel Ward 
received orders to take two regiments of his brigade, and 
advance to the front in an open field. One of these regiments 
was his own, the Fifteenth. The regiment was flanked by 
the enemy, and " was very near being taken. Our loss was 
very heavy, as we had to stand fire from all directions. At 
this time, while the colonel was doing all he could to rally the 
men, he fell." 

Macker immediately went to his help, when the colonel 
said, " Do help me off." He could stand, but was not able to 
walk. With the help of another soldier, he was taken to the 
division hospital, where they arrived about eight o'clock in the 
evening. It was found that Colonel Ward was wounded back 
of the right knee. He had bound his leg with a handkerchief 
and there was no bleeding. By direction of the surgeon, he 
was laid under an apple-tree, on hay obtained from a neigh- 
boring barn which was full of wounded men. His blankets, 
taken from his horse, were spread on the hay, and then he 
was covered by Macker's blanket. Here he rested and drank 
some water, and expressed himself as feeling better. He also 
drank a little coffee which had been prepared for him. The 
night was changing into day before any perceptible alteration 
was visible. Colonel Ward slept several hours. About three 
o'clock a change was noticed by Macker, who called the sur- 
geon. At half past four in the morning the spirit of the brave 
and capable soldier passed away. His remains were brought 
home, and were laid in the grave with suitable honors. 

The funeral services took place in Salem Street Church, on 



COLONEL GEORGE H. WARD. 485 

Wednesday, July 8, and the general sympathy with his mourn- 
ing relatives, and the great sorrow at his death, were mani- 
fested by the attendance of a large concourse of people. The 
citizens in the street were most deeply impressed with the 
" solemn spectacle of the funeral procession, with its mourn- 
ful music, the brave heroes following their comrade to his 
last resting-place, the riddled colors of the regiment, and the 
long train of relatives and friends." 

The church was crowded by a solemn assembly. The 
pulpit and galleries were appropriately decorated with black 
and white. Flowers in abundance were formed into beautiful 
bouquets, and opposite the pulpit the name of " Ward " was 
suspended, surrounded by a wreath of white lilies and other 
white flowers. There were three floral crosses in front of the 
pulpit. 

The coffin, on which were two swords, the cap and other 
military equipments of the deceased, was draped in the 
American flag, and covered with a profusion of white wreaths 
and bouquets. Surrounding the pulpit on either side, were 
the tattered and battle-stained standards of the regiment. 

The services began at half-past four o'clock, Rev. Mr. 
Richardson reading a portion of scripture and offering prayer. 
Rev. Dr. Hill read an appropriate hymn. The discourse was 
by Rev. Mr. St. John, who, after an appropriate introduction 
respecting the great doctrine of immortality, gave a rapid 
sketch of the life of Colonel Ward, from the time of his first 
joining the City Guards in June 1846, till his heroic death. 
He was characterized by the preacher, as brave and generous, 
and as held in high esteem by all his comrades. In closing 
he said : " Let the blessings of heaven rest upon him. Bright 
in the galaxy of names making glorious our country's history, 
shall forever stand proudly the name of Ward, Well might 
General Sedgwick say, ' When I wanted anything done and 
could not go myself, I sent the Ffteenth Massachusetts, and 
everything was well done.' The best test of their bravery 
was the fact that in the several battles in which they won 
such immortal honors, their ranks were so reduced that at 



486 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

their first roll-call after the battle at Gettysburg, but fifty-six 
were found to answer to their names." Mr. St. John con- 
cluded with an earnest prayer. In the pulpit were Rev. 
Messrs. Shippen, Banvard and Chapin. 

The funeral procession moved to the cemetery in the fol- 
lowing order, City Marshal Pratt acting as chief marshal. 
Escort duty was performed by the State Guard, Colonel Phil- 
lips, and the Highland Cadets, Captain Anthony, preceded by 
the Cornet Band. Next followed the old City Guard, in full 
dress uniform, under C. B. Whiting, surrounding the hearse 
with the pall-bearers, who were Captains Church Howe, Amos 
Bartlett, Walter Forehand, and Lieutenants A. L. Fuller, 
Frazer Policy and James Taft, all formerly of the Fifteenth 
Regiment. 

The hearse, drawn by four horses, was draped with the 
American flag. Wounded officers and soldiers in carriages 
came next. Among them were General Devens, Captain 
Prince, Lieutenants Bigelow and Dudley of the Fifteenth, and 
Sergeant Plunkett of the Twenty-first Regiment. The past 
members of the Fifteenth, fifty-seven in number, under com- 
mand of Sergeant Murray, followed, the war-worn colors, torn 
and stained in battle, being borne by Sergeant O'Neil and 
Private Sullivan, both of whom lost an arm at Antietam. 
The Morning Star Masonic Lodge was in the procession. 
The ex-mayors of the city followed, including the venerable 
ex-Governor Lincoln, marching with firm tread, notwith- 
standing his fourscore years, the whole distance on foot. 
The mayor and other officers of the City Government came 
in their order, and were followed by a large concourse of citi- 
zens on foot and in carriages. 

The church bells tolled during the procession, and masonic 
and military services were held at the grave, the State Guard 
firing a volley. All places of business were closed while the 
funeral procession was moving to the cemetery. 

Such a demonstration marked the esteem in which Colonel 
Ward was held as a citizen, a man and a soldier. The Spy of 
the ninth of July said of him : " He was one of those patriotic. 



♦ 



HENRY GOULDING, 2D. 487 

noble and heroic officers of our army whose memory should 
be kept green and fragrant." 

The following resolutions were passed by the State Guard 
in honor of the memory of Colonel Ward. 

'■^Resolved, That we, the State Guard of Worcester, do most truly 
sympathize with the widow of the late Colonel George H. Ward, in her 
affliction and sorrow, and desire that a remembrance of his many virtues 
as husband, father and citizen, may be to her a source of comfort. 

Resolved, That whereas many of us were personally acquainted with 
the deceased from his childhood to the time of his death, we can most 
unreservedly bear testimony to his excellence as a citizen, to his loyalty, 
his patriotism, and to his bravery as a soldier ; and that he was a most 
kind, social, and estimable friend, and that in his death we suffer great 
loss." 

Henry Goulding, 2D. i 

Mr. Goulding was a favorable specimen of the soldiers who 
went into service under the impulse of principle. He 
enlisted into the Twenty-fifth Regiment when it was forming, 
in 1 86 1, and continued in the same body by re-enlistment till 
his death. He was killed near City Point, Virginia, May 
14, 1864, by a piece of shell which struck him on his left 
shoulder, passing through his vitals. His wife died just 
before his first enlistment, and while at home, in 1864, on a 
furlough, his little daughter was taken away. Like many a 
soldier, engaged in rough work, he bore a wounded and gen- 
tle heart into the strife. 

He was a mechanic, and showed his rare taste and inge- 
nuity in making many little articles, which he sent home as 
keepsakes to his friends. He was detailed as armorer during 
the respite of his regiment, on account of his mechanical 
genius. It is said of him, that feeling " there must be privates 
as well as officers in the army, he was never ambitious of pro- 
motion, but was content to go in the ranks wherever duty 
called him." As a good, brave, veteran soldier, he fought and 
died in the cause of his country. He was respected and 
beloved by his entire regiment, who together with a large 
circle of friends and relations in Worcester, deeply mourned 
his loss. 



488 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

It was said of him, " He went to sleep on earth and awoke 
in heaven." A letter written by a member of his company, 
and printed in the Spy of May 23, says : — " We were all lying 
flat on the ground, the rebels shelling us all the time, and we 
did not notice that Henry was dead for nearly four hours. 
We were all terribly exhausted, having been under fire forty- 
eight hours, and many of us were sleeping, as we supposed he 
was until some one noticed he did not breathe." 

Corporal Warren O. Collester. 

He was an only son of Mr. Osgood Collester, long known 
in Worcester and in the northern towns of the county, as an 
eminent singer and teacher of music. Young Collester was 
a pleasant and sprightly boy when the author knew him in 
Winchendon. As he grew up, after removing to this city, he 
retained the good traits of his childhood while developing into 
manhood. He enlisted in the Twenty-fifth Regiment, in 
1 86 1, when in his eighteenth year ; and in taking that step, he 
was moved simply by that patriotism which was so admirable 
in thousands of our youth in that memorable spring. With- 
out bounty, and with no expectation or desire for promotion, 
he entered the ranks, saying : " The work must be done, and 
I am as able to go as any one." And so he left a happy 
home, the presence of fond parents and the society of affec- 
tionate sisters and friends, with all of whom he was a favorite, 
to rough it in the camp, and meet death in the field. He was 
ever at his post, prompt in every duty, quiet and cheerful in 
the time of hardest service and greatest privation, and he had 
won the respect and confidence of his ofiicers and comrades. 
It is said of him that he performed his full share in every 
battle in which his regiment was engaged, and that he would 
not leave his post, when the time came for march or fight, 
even when his health required quiet, and his officers urged 
him to remain in hospital. His reply was : " I had rather go 
with the regiment." 

He was so attached to his regiment that he refused the 
offer of promotion in another. His term of service having 



MAJOR DEXTER FRANKLIN PARKER. 489 

expired,^ he enlisted again, that he might "see the thing 
through." And he made an honorable record. Not his 
friends merely, but his regiment and the city of his adoption, 
may well be proud of such a modest, faithful and brave young 
soldier. A private letter written by a member of the regit 
ment, shows how much he was esteemed by his comrades 
It was written in the latter part of May, 1864, when the 
Twenty-fifth was almost daily bearing the brunt of battle. 
It says : 

" The regiment was in the advance and suffered heavily. Corporal 
Collester was shot through the breast and died instantly. He was much 
liked by the regiment, and particularly by the company [KJ who called 
him by the pet name of ' Collie.' He was of an amiable disposition, said 
but httle, and never made an enemy. I can only hope that he was pre- 
pared to die. Of his parents and sisters he ever spoke with the utmost 
respect and affection. His smiling face will be missed around our bivouac 
fire, and long after Co. K shall have been dismissed to their homes the 
name of ' Collie ' will be cherished by those who will never foro-et his 
noble and generous spirit." * 

Major Dexter Franklin Parker. 

By his own exertions Mr. Parker rose steadily in public 
estimation, and at his too early death, had laid the solid foun- 
dation of future influence and honor. Therefore a brief 
memoir of his life and services must not be omitted. 

He was born in Boston on the second day of August, 1828. 
He was left dependent on his own resources at an early age, 
by the death of his parents. They had moved to Milfot-d 
while he was quite young. His mother died there when he 
was six years of age, and his father followed her before their 
son was ten. They left a family of seven penniless children, 
the father having lost his property in the great financial panic 
of 1837. Dexter was then placed under the direction of an 
uncle, a shoe manufacturer, with whom he remained four years. 
During this time he attended school several months each win- 
ter, laboring diligently the rest of the year. He had acquired 
a taste for reading, and his mind turned to historical works, 
and to those which aiford information, rather than to fiction 



490 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and light literature. At the age of fourteen he was his own 
master, and supported himself in a respectable manner. 
Besides this, he attended several terms at the Hopkinton 
Academy. When he was seventeen he removed to Acton, 
where, in 1849, when he was twenty-one years old, he married 
the daughter of Simon Tuttle, Esq., a farmer and a man of 
affluence. In 1850 he removed to Worcester, the death of his 
excellent wife being the occasion of his change of residence. 
Here he followed his trade, as a boot-cutter, and was faithful 
to his calling. 

In 1853 he married the daughter of Major Thomas Pierce, 
of Worcester, and this was his home until he went out to die 
in the service of his country. He became a member of the 
Unitarian Church, of which Dr. Alonzo Hill was the pastor, 
and was an active and earnest teacher in the Sabbath School. 
He was zealous also in the temperance reform, and correct in 
all his habits. During these years he was a diligent reader 
of useful books and periodicals, so that his mind was a store- 
house of facts which constantly occupied his thoughts. He 
was educating himself day by day, yet never neglected his 
business. Soon he began to speak in public, but the time 
taken for reading or speaking, was not allowed to interfere 
with his work. He would return to the shop and work late to 
make up for lost time. In a word, he was industrious, tem- 
perate and indefatigable. 

He first attracted public attention in a discussion about the 
propriety of licensing a place, in this city, for theatrical enter- 
tainments, and though he rarely, if ever, lost any time at such 
scenes, the ability with which he spoke in their favor, secured 
the respect of those who opposed, as well as those who favored 
the license. Several gentlemen spoke words of kindness and 
encouragement to him, and offered him the free use of their 
libraries. 

He was fond of statistics, and early began to write for 
Hunt's Commercial Magazine. His articles evinced a rare 
mastery of important facts. One was entitled " Russia, the 
Past and Present of her Commerce." The " Dominion of the 



MAJOR DEXTER FRANKLIN PARKER. 49 1 

Seas and the Fisheries," was the subject of another. An 
article entitled a " Commercial View of the Rnsso-Turkish 
Question," attracted considerable attention in high circles, at 
home and abroad. 

His public life began when he was twenty-eight, by his 
election as one of the representatives of Worcester in the 
General Court, in the fall of 1856. It is not needful to enter 
into the details of his services in either branch of the legisla- 
ture, nor of his great exertions and influence as a platform 
speaker during several excited political campaigns. By his 
various knowledge of facts, his command of a fluent and for- 
cible vocabulary, and his skill in " putting things," he became 
a general favorite. In debate he was a most formidable oppo- 
nent. 

He was a member of the House in 1856 and 1857. The 
next two years he was in the Senate; and in i860 he was 
again returned to the lower branch. Though a democrat in 
earlier years, he was now an earnest and untiring member of 
the republican party. This change in his party connections 
grew out of his love of impartial freedom, and hatred of 
slavery. In the legislature he soon attracted attention and 
acquired influence, because of his knowledge, tact, and readi- 
ness for every duty and emergency. He was an active mem- 
ber of several committees, and often held the place of chair- 
man. A speech made by him in March, 1857, on the " Rights 
of Juries," evinced considerable research, and was replete with 
the spirit of liberty. A notice of him which appeared while 
he was a member of the legislature, says : — 

" He was decidedly the working-man of the session. Whenever a 
question came before the House in which he was interested, and there 
were few in which he was not, he was almost always posted up in the 
matter, and backed by evidence which showed that he had been indus- 
trious in gathering his facts in favor or against the measure, whichever 
way it might be. He would always oppose any bill which he thought was 
wrong, and on one occasion especially, he succeeded, almost alone, by 
force of argument, in defeating a bill which was advocated by all the 
prominent legal men of the House. His voice is clear and distinct, and 
when warmly enlisted in his subject, he speaks rapidly and in a loud tone. 



492 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

He is set down in the Register of the House as a boot-clicker, but he 
exercised as much influence generally among the members as any other 
person." 

Though a man of ardent feelings and nervous temperament, 
his good nature was imperturbable, and he treated opponents 
with courtesy. As a debater he had few equals, whether in 
the legislature, or before the people. The result was that 
while he rose rapidly in public notice, he was laying a solid 
foundation for public respect and confidence. 

During the years of his political life he was active in his 
trade. "Though he engaged in political discussions, and 
political movements, with all the warmth and energy of his 
nature, he never allowed politics to supersede his other duties, 
and those who knew him intimately remember how, night 
after night, he made up at the bench the hours which public 
duties required him to give to the public service." 

In addition to other labors, he compiled, during the three 
or four years preceding the war, a large mass of information 
relating to the industrial achievements of the county of Wor- 
cester, from the earliest periods of its history. The work was 
in manuscript, when the rebellion broke out, and would have 
been soon completed, and probably given to the press, if that 
event had not absorbed public attention. Says a journal of 
the time : 

" He had visited the several towns in the county, and carefully and 
minutely analyzed their records, and made from patient, observation and 
personal inquiry, a nearly complete history of the arts pursued, and the 
persons who have most promoted them within their respective limits. It 
was a unique and pecuHar work, requiring the exercise of patience, energy 
and enthusiasm, all of which Mr. Parker possessed in an eminent 
degree." 

Those who knew him could have no doubt of the stand he 
would take when the attack was made on Fort Sumter. An 
incident of his boyhood was strongly indicative of his charac- 
ter. At the beginning of the Mexican War, when he was 
about sixteen, he went to Boston to enlist. He was rejected 
on account of his youth. He then went down the harbor, 



MAJOR DEXTER FRANKLIN PARKER. 493 

found a vessel b^und for New Orleans, and worked his pas- 
sage to that port, where he renewed his attempt to get into 
the army. Being again refused, he worked his way back to 
Massachusetts, and thus was saved for a nobler service. The 
time for that service came, and he was ready. When the call 
came for troops to defend Washington, he started immediately, 
with the understanding that he should join the Light Infantry 
on their arrival at the capital. Reaching the seat of govern- 
ment, he at once joined the volunteers, who, in support of a 
few regulars, were all the forces at the disposal of the presi- 
dent, and available for keeping Washington from capture by 
the rebels. When the Infantry arrived, after their bloody 
experience in Baltimore, he joined the ranks, and was inde- 
fatigable as a soldier. There was no duty which he was not 
ready to perform. At the same time, his frequent letters to 
friends, and to the city papers, kept the public informed in 
regard to the condition of things at the capital. 

At the expiration of the three months' service he was 
appointed brigadier-quartermaster, and was very efficient in 
that office. He was ranked as a lieutenant. He was after- 
wards appointed a captain on the staff of General Couch. 
Afterwards he received the appointment of major in the Tenth 
Regiment, in General Sedgwick's Corps, and was in all the 
battles of that famous body. He was wounded at Spottsyl- 
vania, on the twelfth of May, 1864. The regiment on the 
right of the Tenth had broken and fled, and the enemy were 
pressing our lines very hard, when a charge was ordered. 
Three successive charges were made, and Major Parker, at 
the head of his men, led the attack. The enemy were 
checked, but the major received a wound which proved fatal. 
While in the rifle-pits which our troops had captured from 
the enemy, a minie-ball struck and shattered his right arm. 
Strong hopes were cherished of saving the arm, but in eight 
days it was found that amputation was necessary. After this 
operation it was expected that he would recover, but the 
shock to his system was too great, and towards the last of 
May, he suddenly failed. His wife hastened to Washington, 



494 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and arrived on Saturday the twenty-eighth, in time to be with 
him in the closing days of his Hfe. He was conscious to the 
last. A letter from Hon. Genery Twichell, written the day 
before his death, says : 

" Major Parker is in his right mind tliis morning, but can only whisper. 
I saw him an hour before his wife arrived. He whispered that he was 
glad to see me, and wanted to take me by the hand, but could not. To his 
wife he whispered, ' All right,' and said he was happy." 

He continued to decline, and expired at half past two on 
Monday afternoon. As an expressive exhibition of his spirit, 
the following words, dictated by him after the amputation of 
his arm, at Fredericksburg, will be read with interest. 

" Let me assure you, my dear friend, that in these hours of trouble, 
affliction and suffering, my confidence and faith in the abiding love of our 
Heavenly Father, is as unshaken and as firm as when I have been sur- 
rounded with all the richest blessings of life, and in the deepest enjoyment 
of all its blessings." 

The remains of Major Parker were brought to Worcester, 
and a public funeral under the direction of the city govern- 
ment, took place on Saturday, the fourth of June. A pro- 
cession under the direction of the city marshal, Charles B. 
Pratt, was formed at the City Hall, at ten o'clock, and 
marched through Austin to High Street, to the house of the 
deceased. Thence the route was through High, Pleasant and 
Main Streets, to the Rev. Dr. Hill's Church, which was appro- 
priately draped in mourning. Very impressive services, con- 
ducted by Dr. Hill, and Rev. Mr. Richardson of the Salem 
Street Church, were listened to by a large and respectable 
audience. 

The procession was then re-formed as follows, viz : Police, 
Band, Drum Corps, Light Infantry, State Guard, Highland 
Cadets, Sons of Temperance, City Government, Hearse, 
Bearers. The bearers were Majors Harkness, Styles, and 
McConville, and Captains Kimball and O'Keefe, and Lieuten- 
ant Eddy. The remains were taken to Rural Cemetery, 
where a volley was fired at the grave. 



WARREN A. ALGER. 495 

Warren A. Alger, 

Young Alger saw service and clanger in many forms, and 
finally died under the horrors of Andersonville. He was the 
son of George W, and Susan E. Alger, of Winchendon, but 
was residing in Worcester with his mother, at the opening of 
the war. He enlisted here in Company D, Fifteenth Regi- 
ment, April 19, 1861, when in his twenty-first year. In the 
course of the war, he became a corporal. He was in the bat- 
tle of Ball's Bluff, and though in the midst of danger, was not 
wounded, though a bullet went between his shoe and stocking 
at the hollow of his foot. He was among the first ones who 
were taken to Richmond, where he was kept about four 
months. Joining the army again, after his exchange, he was 
in active service up to the time of the battle of Gettysburg. 
There he was taken prisoner, and again sent to Richmond, 
where for six weeks he suffered terrible privations. He was 
almost starved. Being exchanged, he was taken to Alexan- 
dria, where he was sick in consequence of his treatment in the 
rebel prison. 

He re-enlisted, in February, 1864, fought through the Wil- 
derness, and was wounded at Coal Harbor. On the twenty- 
second of June, 1864, while before Petersburg, he was cap- 
tured the third time. His experience in battle had led him 
to say that " he did not think he should be killed by shot, or 
shell, or cannon's mouth," and he was right in his prophecy ; 
but he fell under what was more terrible than the rage of bat- 
tle. The hellish treatment which he, in company with thou- 
sands of our poor soldiers, received at Andersonville, killed 
him by inches, and he died on the fourteenth of August, 1864. 
His remains were brought home, identified, and buried. The 
funeral took place, on the eighth of May, 1866, in the Central 
Church Chapel. All his comrades of the Fifteenth attended 
the funeral services, and then followed the remains to Hope 
Cemetery. 



496 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Captain William B. Bacon, and Lieutenant Francis Bacon. 

The following notice of those two brothers, William and 
Francis Bacon, is taken from the Spy of May 28, 1864. 
Speaking first of Captain William, the writer, whose signature 
is " B," proceeds as follows : — 

"It is a melancholy pleasure as well as a duty to add our humble 
tribute of respect to the memory of this gallant officer, whose loss we have 
so lately been called upon to mourn. To those who have known him 
from his earlier years, and who have watched his honorable career through- 
out his short but eventful life, no words are needed to deepen the feelings 
of sorrow at his sudden and melancholy decease. 

William Batchelder Bacon, a son of Hon. Peter C. Bacon, first entered 
service as lieutenant in the Thirteenth Regiment, under Colonel Leonard. 
Although then but seventeen years of age, his strict attention to the 
duties of his position, and the many kindly qualities of his heart, soon 
won the respect and affection of all his associates. Without entering into 
details, it will suffice to say that he shared the various fortunes of the 
famous ' marching regiment,' from the time it left Boston, in 1861, until 
he was called to another sphere of service. 

Having received a commission as captain in the Thirty-fourth Massa- 
chusetts Infantry, under Colonel Wells, he joined this regiment in the 
summer of 1862. During his connection with the Thirty-fourth, his char- 
acter and conduct were such as to gain the esteem and confidence of his 
comrades. . . . Wherever he was wanted, or whatever he was called upon 
to do, his superior officers knew he could be relied upon ; that his courage 
was as true as steel. 

A brief reference to his last campaign in the department of the Shenan- 
doah, and the circumstances of his death in the battle of the fifteenth of 
May, 1864, are all that we propose to give. From a letter written by his 
brother, Captain Henry Bacon, it appears that there was a severe engage- 
ment with the enemy at Newmarket, Virginia, on or about the twelfth. 
During this engagement, our troops were outnumbered and finally re- 
pulsed, falling back to Woodstock. 

On the thirteenth, some of our forces, including the Thirty-fourth, 
were ordered back to Newmarket, and on Sunday, the fifteenth, other 
troops were sent to the same place. It was during the engagement on 
that day that Captain Bacon received his fatal wound. The testimony of 
Colonel Wells in regard to some of the events attending that fearful strug- 
gle may be quoted. ' He was especially conspicuous, standing directly 
behind his colors, and keeping his company perfectly in line. I called to 
him two or three times to bring the colors back, but he either could not 
or would not hear. I think he could not possibly have heard me, as he 



MAJOR HARRISON W. PRATT. 497 

was constantly shouting to his men. I could hear him say, " Stand up to 
them, boys ; we will never go back." I went to him and touched him on 
the shoulder, saying, " 'Tis of no use captain, we must go ; they have all 
gone." He turned towards me, and almost while my hand was on his 
shoulder, he fell, struck through the side by a bullet.' 

He was at once removed from the field by his orderly and his servant. 
While being carried to the rear, his sword dropped, the scabbard having 
been broken, and as soon as it was missed, he exclaimed, ' Don't, for 
God's sake, let the rebels get my sword.' It was saved, and brought with 
him from the field. The last words he was heard to utter were, ' Tell them 
I died fighting for my country.' 

In this connection we cannot forbear allusion to an elder brother, 
Frank Bacon, who lost his life at the battle of Chancellorsville, in May, 
1864. He first served in the Third Battalion Rifles, in the opening 
months of the war, 1861. Upon his return home, not being content to 
remain inactive, he enlisted in the Fifteenth Regiment. Subsequently he 
was appointed lieutenant in the One Hundred and Second New York 
Regiment, returning to the field only to meet an early, but honorable 
death, in the service of his country. He was a brave, noble, generous- 
hearted companion and friend. Two brothers have fallen in battle. ' Par 
7iobile fratrum? They have not died in vain, for they ' have done what 
they could.' Their memory shall be kept green forever." 

" O'er the wintry hills of life, 

Beyond death's sullen river, 
There beam sweet morning stars of light. 

Whose glory shines forever ; 
There comes the never-dying spring 

Immortal life to impart; 
To raise from out the dreary tomb 

These treasures of the heart, 
It comes, sweet bloom and joy to bring, 
A never-fading, glorious spring " 

Major Harrison W, Pratt. 
The history of Major Pratt, as connected with the war, has 
already been given in that of the Light Infantry, and the 
Thirty-fourth Regiment. He was the first man in Worcester 
to offer his services to the government, at the outbreak of the 
rebellion. He had the honor and pleasure of marching into 
Washington, with his company, in the famous Sixth Regiment, 
in less than a week after the president's call came for troops 
in April, 1861. He was a most devoted patriot, and could 

32 



498 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

not keep from the field when so much he held dear was at 
stake. He was an accomplished officer, modest as he was 
brave, and imbued with a hopeful patriotism that never failed 
him. 

He was appointed major in the Thirty-fourth, when that 
regiment was organized. He was an active participant in all 
the hard service of his regiment, up to the time of his death. 

Sometime previous to his decease, he had been severely 
wounded. Having served two years with distinction in the 
Thirty-fourth, of which he was acting commander at the time 
of his death, he fell mortally wounded at the battle of Fisher's 
Hill, in September, 1863. The particulars will be found in 
the narrative of his regiment for that year. 

His remains were brought home, and a public funeral was 
attended on the second day of October. It was an unpleasant 
day, and but few military men were left in the city, but a 
large number of citizens, among them many past and disabled 
soldiers mustered in the storm, and laid the body of their 
friend away in the grave, with befitting military honors. 

The procession formed at the City Hall, under the direction 
of Mr. C. B. Pratt, city marshal, and consisted of the- Wor- 
cester State Guard, past members of the Worcester Light 
Infantry, past and present officers of the army then in the 
city. Mayor Lincoln, and the city government. The Cornet 
Band and the Drum Corps of the State Guard headed the 
escort. The procession passed from the residence of Major 
Pratt, in Mechanic Street, to Dr. Hill's Church, where the ser- 
vices were conducted by Rev. R. R. Shippen, assisted by Dr. 
Hill, and Rev. Mr. St. John. The house was crowded by cit- 
izens, who, while sorrowing for the dead, remembered with 
pride, that Captain Pratt was among the few first armed men 
who " went through Baltimore," and entered Washington to 
defend it when menaced by traitors. 

The Daniels Brothers. 
During the four years of war, many youthful faces disap- 
peared forever from the scenes of early life. Leaving their 



THE DANIELS BROTHERS. 499 

homes of plenty and peaceful scenes, they went forth to share 
in the hard, stern duties of the camp, and the sterner duties 
of the battle-field. No pen can describe the hardships and 
privations in forced marches, in storm and heat, enduring hun- 
ger and thirst, and want of sleep, by night and by day, and 
finally the awful shock of battle, which became so familiar to 
our soldiers. 

Among those who bore their full part of the trials of the 
war, were Lieutenant Henry Daniels, and his brother Myron. 
" These youthful soldiers," says " F. G. W.," in the Spy, July 
15, 1864, "left us under the pressure of that noble enthu- 
siasm that ever prompts the patriot heart to noble deeds. 
Lieutenant Daniels was among the first to enlist in his 
country's service, and with the exception of a brief interval, at 
the expiration of his first term, had been constantly on duty 
up to the eventful hour of his death. Myron enlisted some 
months later in the same regiment. He was a mere youth, 
and upon him his country had no legal claim of service." 

They were both in the long and weary, but triumphant siege 
of Vicksburg, and both went through the hard forced marches 
and battles in the mountains of Tennessee, in Maryland, and 
in Virginia. They both fell in the Wilderness. Myron, 
while on picket duty, especially hazardous in that tangled 
maze, was pierced by a bullet, and soon died. Just one week 
later. Lieutenant Daniels fell at the head of a skirmishing; 
party. "We contemplate their deeds with confidence and 
with tears," says the writer quoted above. " With confidence 
in humanity that the exigency of this perilous hour in our 
country's progress has been so promptly met ; with tears that 
man's elevation and redemption should demand so costly a 
sacrifice." 

Lieutenant E. Dexter Cheney. 

When the Fifty-first Regiment was formed in Worcester, 

in the autumn of 1863, young Cheney, with his comrades Coe 

and Childs, who were both killed in the war, became a member 

of company F, and by his correct habits and military tact, won 



500 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

the position of sergeant. After the ex^)iration of his term of 
service, he joined the Fifty-seventh, and obtained his merited 
commission as first lieutenant of company B. He was a faith- 
ful officer. While in the rifle-pits before Petersburg, he was 
killed by a rebel sharp-shooter. His remains were brought 
home, and his funeral was attended in the Salem Street 
Church, July 28, 1864, by a concourse of sympathizing friends. 

Sergeant George E. Barnard. 
It is said of Sergeant Barnard, that " few more deserved a 
passing notice, or could show a better record." He was a 
member of company E, Fifteenth Regiment, from the com- 
mencement, and was promoted for bravery and fidelity on the 
battle-field. He was in every engagement with the enemy in 
which his regiment took part, and finally was the last man in 
that organization whose life-blood enriched the soil of Virginia 
at the very time when his career as a soldier seemed to have 
ended. " Badly wounded at Ball's Bluff, he rejoined his regi- 
ment before he could be considered fairly convalescent, and 
though sick and reported unfit for duty previous to the battle 
of Gettysburg, he yet, when the thunder of cannon gave warn- 
ing of a great engagement, hastened forward and took part 
therein. No better soldier ever shouldered a musket." 

Captain Joseph W. Gird. 
The father of Captain Gird was a graduate of West Point 
Academy, and after being stationed for a time at Fort Jack- 
son, Louisiana, became professor of mathematics in Louisiana 
College. The subject of this sketch was born in Jackson, 
Louisiana, October 21, 1839. The family moved to Illinois 
when he was quite young. On the death of his father, his 
mother came to Worcester to reside, and here young Joseph 
grew to manhood. He graduated with honor at the High 
School, and was well fitted for college. When the Twenty- 
fifth was organized he was studying law, but he gave up all 
his plans for a more extended education, and enlisted as a 
private, in company F. He shared in the hardships and the 



COLONEL JULIUS MASSENA TUCKER. 50I 

victories of his regiment, on Hatteras, at Roanoke Island, and 
at Nevvbern. Promoted to a first lieutenancy in the Thirty- 
sixth, he served in the Kentucky campaign, and after a few 
months obtained his discharge at his own desire. He was 
commissioned captain in the Fifty-seventh Regiment at its 
organization, and by his earnest and effective work of personal 
exertion and public speech, greatly facilitated the rapid for- 
mation of its ranks. He was a brave, faithful and capable 
officer, and served his country well. With abilities which 
gave promise of great usefulness, and pure morals which fitted 
him for exerting a good influence, he offered himself as a sac- 
rifice. None went forth with more devotion to country, with 
more unselfish desire to promote the welfare of the soldier, or 
with more faith in the triumph of our armies and the princi- 
ples for which they contended, than Captain Gird. He was 
struck on the head by a ball, on the sixth of May, 1864, the 
first day of the fighting in the Wilderness, and thus yielded 
his life for a sacred cause. 

Colonel Julius Massena Tucker. 
One to whom Colonel Tucker was an object of just pride 
and affection, has prepared the following memoir of his brief 
but eventful life. 

" Prominent among the young men of Worcester who responded to 
President Lincoln's first call for troops, was Julius Massena Tucker, son 
of Mr. Julius E. Tucker, who, for the last twelve years or more, has been 
the financial agent and assistant editor of the Worcester- Palladiuvi. In 
the spring of 1861, when at the age of nineteen years, Mr. Tucker enrolled 
his name as one of the volunteers for three months, in company A, Third 
Battalion Rifles. The company being more . than full, and he being the 
youngest of the members, was counted out, and therefore remained at 
home during that summer ; but when the three months had expired, and the 
Twenty-fifth Regiment was being recruited, young Tucker enlisted in the 
same company, then under command of Captain Josiah Pickett, and 
served with that regiment as a private about one year. He was in the 
battles at Roanoke Island and Nevvbern, in March and April, 1862. Dur- 
ing the summer, new regiments were called for, and by request of his 
friends at home, and upon the recommendation of his officers in the 
Twenty-fifth, Governor Andrew gave him a commission as second lieuten- 



502 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ant in the Thirty-sixth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers. He re- 
ceived his discharge from the Twenty-fifth Regiment while stationed at 
Newbern, on the fifth of September, 1862, it being his twenty-first birth- 
day. He came directly home for the purpose of procuring his equipments, 
but in the meantime the Thirty-sixth had been organized, and had gone 
to the field of active service. 

To the gratification and surprise of himself and his friends, the equip- 
ments, (costing between sixty and seventy dollars), were presented to him 
by the Hon. A. H. Bullock, who thus signified his appreciation of the 
patriotic bravery of this young officer. Remaining at home only ten days, 
he left again for the front, and joined his regiment at Antietam, a few days 
after the battle at that place. Lieutenant Tucker was in active service in 
that regiment for about one year, and was present with his regiment 
while in Kentucky, under General Burnside, in the Ninth Army Corps. 
He was at the capture of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, and at the breaking up 
of Albert Sydney Johnson's army, from Blackwater River to Jackson, the 
capital of Mississippi. 

Having seen much hard service and being about worn out, he resigned 
and came home in August, 1863, and after suitable rest, engaged as a 
clerk in the sale of dry goods. Late in the autumn of that year, more 
troops were called for, and through the earnest request of the mayor of 
the city, Hon. D. Waldo Lincoln, he consented to try his hand at recruit- 
ing a company for the Fifty-seventh Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers. 
Mayor Lincoln having procured permission for him to recruit a company 
from Colonel Bartlett, of the Fifty-seventh, he opened his recruiting ofiice 
on Saturday about the middle of December, and in twenty days he had 
enlisted one hundred and twenty-six men, during which time he was com- 
missioned as first lieutenant and captain. Having a full company, and 
more enhsted, he furloughed his men a few days, and on the morning of 
the eleventh of January, 1864, at the time appointed, one hundred 
and fifteen men responded at his office, and marched with him to 
Camp Lincoln, and were there mustered into the service of the United 
States. 

On the eighteenth of April the regiment was ordered to the front, and 
on the sixth of May, participated in the battle of the ' Wilderness.' From 
that time to the seventeenth of June, Captain Tucker, with his company, 
was under fire almost every day. At the battle of North Anna River, on 
the twenty-fourth of May, his senior ofificers being either killed or wounded, 
the regiment came under his command. In capturing a fort in front of 
Petersburg, on the seventeenth of June, in which action his command 
occupied the position of guide regiment in the charge, and after reaching 
the fort through storms of shot and shell, he received a rebel bullet 
through his face, by which he lost eleven upper back teeth, a portion 
of the palatal bone of his mouth, and the entire sight of the left eye. 



COLONEL JULIUS MASSENA TUCKER. 503 

Although severely wounded, he fought with gallant bravery for several 
minutes after entering the fort, in a hand-to-hand conflict, when the rebels 
surrendered. The fort being captured, Captain Tucker was taken to the 
rear, and through the skillful attention of his regimental surgeon. Dr. M. 
V. White, his life was saved, and his father succeeded in getting him 
home just ten days after he was wounded. 

Incredible as it may seem, by the untiring efforts and watchful nursino- 
of his parents, he so far recovered, that on the twenty-seventh day of 
August, — in two months and ten days, — Colonel Tucker, as he then 
ranked, left home again for the field, and assumed command of his regi- 
ment. 

During the fall of 1864 he was engaged in several batdes, and on the 
early morning of the twenty-fifth of March, 1865, when the rebels broke 
through our lines and captured Fort Steadman, Colonel Tucker was the 
first to give the alarm at division head-quarters, and afterwards charged 
the enemy with his regiment, and kept them at bay, by driving and beino- 
driven no less than four times through his own encampment, until a whole 
division could be rallied and got into line, when he was ordered to the 
rear, and the enemy were captured or driven back to their intrenchments. 
In this engagement his regiment suffered great loss, and he lost his 
horses, equipments, and all his clothing except what he wore in the battle. 
He was furloughed for gallant conduct, and came home for a few days ; 
when having again equipped himself, he returned to his regiment, and 
remained in command until it was mustered out of service on the thirtieth 
day of July, 1865. When the regiment was organized, Colonel Tucker 
was the third senior captain, but by a petition of all the officers of the 
regiment then living, save one, he was commissioned major on the four- 
teenth of June, 1864, three days before he was wounded ; and within a few 
days after his arrival home, Governor Andrew sent him a commis- 
sion as lieutenant-colonel, dating it back to June 15, 1864. Subsequently 
he was made colonel by brevet, for gallant and meritorious services, dated 
April 15, 1865. 

The war of the rebellion being over, and he having partially lost the 
power of articulation, from the effects of his severe wound, which incapa- 
citated him for his former occupation, as clerk or salesman, he sought and 
obtained a position in the Boston Custom House, as inspector, where he 
remained in successful and pleasing employment, with good compensation 
until about the fifteenth of June, 1866, when he took a severe cold from 
exposure while on duty in discharging a steam-ship at East Boston. He 
died of congestion of the lungs on the twenty-second of June, after one 
week's severe illness, aged twenty-five years, ten months, and seventeen 
days." 



504 WORCESTER IN THE WAR, 

Corporal Charles S. Wilder. 
Young Wilder was a member of the Worcester Academy, 
twenty years of age, when he enhsted in company A, Twenty- 
first Regiment, in August, 1861. After having faithfully 
served with this renowned regiment through all its marches 
and battles in North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, 
and East Tennessee, he returned to Kentucky in January, 
1864, and there re-enlisted. After a short furlough he again 
left home in cheerful spirits, and with devoted firmness, to 
join the Army of the Potomac. He passed safely through 
all the battles in which the Ninth Corps was engaged, until 
the second of June, when, during an attack of the enemy upon 
the rear guard of the corps, he received a wound through the 
body, from side to side. With several others of his regiment, 
he was taken prisoner and carried to Richmond, where he 
died of his wounds a few days after his arrival. His colonel 
wrote that " he fell in the discharge of his duty as a faithful 
soldier." 

Lieutenant Albert C. Walker. 

Among the young men who " bravely and freely offered up 
their lives in defense of their country, Lieutenant Walker, 
son of Mr. Aaron G. Walker, of Worcester, deserves to be 
remembered with gratitude, not only for his bravery, loyalty, 
and devotion to the cause of freedom, but for the manly and 
amiable traits of character which endeared him to his friends 
and associates, and made his efforts serviceable in every 
position he was called upon to fill." When the rebellion 
broke out, he enlisted as a private in the Light Infantry, and 
went with the Sixth Regiment, through Baltimore, to Wash- 
ington. He was with his company through the campaign. 

Having returned home, he received a commission as sec- 
ond-lieutenant, and assisted in raising company H, in the 
Thirty-fourth Regiment. He served with the line till the 
spring of 1864, when he was appointed acting adjutant of the 
regiment, in which capacity he served in the battle of New- 
market. His captain being wounded and taken prisoner, 



SERGEANT SAMUEL SOUTHER. 505 

Lieutenant Walker was assigned to the command of his com- 
pany, at his own request, receiving the warm commendations 
of Colonel Wells for his "efficiency and bravery" as adjutant. 
Having passed unharmed through the " fiery storm of New- 
market," says Colonel Lincoln, " he fell at the head of his men 
while leading them in their gallant charge of Piedmont. He 
lingered a few days, kindly attended by the members of the 
family of William B. Crawford, New Hope, Virginia, in whose 
care he had been left. Of unassuming manners, mild and 
firm in his intercourse with his men, devoted to the service 
he had engaged in — prompt in the discharge of every duty, 
solicitous for the personal comfort of his command. Lieuten- 
ant Walker enjoyed the love and esteem of all who were con- 
nected with him. To men and officers he was endeared, and 
all mourned the loss of a friend as they turned from the bed 
on which their brave comrade reposed, and felt that, for him, 
this was the last of earth. His last words were of the family 
he loved, and of the duties he had so faithfully performed." 
Such is the record of this young and " gallant soldier, true 
friend, and devoted son." 

Adjutant Dwight Newbury. 
Near the close of the year 1863, Adjutant Newbury of the 
Fifteenth, belonging then to the Army of the Potomac, had 
his lower jaw fractured. His death took place in a few days, 
and his remains were brought home for burial. The Spy of 
December 11, states that the funeral was held at the Salem 
Street Church, Rev. Mr. Richardson officiating. The State 
Guard were out with full ranks to do escort duty, and officers 
and soldiers of the Fifteenth, Twenty-first, and other mil- 
itary organizations, were also present in uniform, and with the 
members of the city government and other citizens, followed 
the remains of the young soldier to Rural Cemetery, 

Sergeant Samuel Souther. 
Rev. Samuel Souther was born in Fryeburg, Maine. He 
was a graduate of Dartmouth College in the class of 1842, 



506 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

and was educated for the Christian ministry at Bangor Theo- 
logical Seminary. After spending some years as the minis- 
ter of the Congregational Church in Belfast, Maine, and sub- 
sequently as agent of the American Sunday School Union, 
he, in 1857, came to the city of Worcester, where he was made 
city missionary and also chaplain at the jail and at the asylum 
for the insane. Under his ministry the Industrial School 
connected with the Mission Chapel, was organized in 1857. 
In the years 1863 and 1864, he was a representative of this 
city in the General Court. While still in the discharge of his 
legislative duties, an urgent call came for more men, and 
hardly waiting for the session to close, he enlisted as a pri- 
vate in the Fifty-seventh. The brief tarry in camp at home, 
the sudden summons to the front, the swift march, the instant 
battle, and the fearful slaughter of the regiment, are all mat- 
ters of history. The body of Mr. Souther was never found. 

Mr. Souther was a man of energy, and did with his might 
whatever his hand found to do. He was very useful in his 
various ministries, but the pressure on his spirit caused by the 
rebellion, was so strong that he felt constrained to leave all, 
and take his place in the ranks. It was a resolution full of 
self sacrifice. He disappeared in the Wilderness-battle, May 
6, 1864. 

The following lines, v-ritten by Charles E. Stevens, Esq., 
appeared in the " Knapsack," a paper published for the Grand 
Army Fair. 

In Memory of Rev. Samuel Souther. 
He laid his civic honors down, 

And gii-ded for the fight, 
Careless of place or high renown, 
But zealous for the right. 

He asked not sword or shoulder-knot 

His sacrifice to grace ; 
He chose the common soldier's lot — 

Within the ranks his place. 

One month of drill, and then the front — 
The peer of veterans there ; 



CAPTAIN THOMAS O NEIL. £0/ 

One month, and then the fiery brunt 
Of battle, his to bear. 

The battle of the Wilderness — 

'Twas there he, fighting, fell ; 
And still is there his resting-place, 

But the spot there's none to tell. 

No sepulture by mortal hands 

Was his ; no chiseled stone 
In honor of his memory stands : 

He sleeps with God alone. 

Of all the throng of martyred ones 

None purer fell than he : 
Ah, happy country ! when thy sons 

Like Souther die for thee. 

Captain Thomas O'Neil. 

This gallant officer was mortally wounded in the sanguinary 
battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, and died the next morn- 
ing. Says Captain J. W. Denny, in a letter dated June 4, 
" Yesterday when I went to the place where I was told the 
Twenty-fifth Regiment were being brought out, the first man 
I saw was Captain Thomas O'Neil. He was mortally 
wounded. I took him by the hand, and he said : ' Captain 
Denny, write to my dear mother, and tell her I die for my 
country.' He then gave me directions about his personal 
affairs, and bade me ' Good-bye.' He died this morning at five 
and a half, a brave man and a splendid soldier." 

We have already seen that Captain O'Neil belonged to a 
military family in the old country, and that probably there 
were more representatives of his family name in our war, than 
of any other family in Worcester County. And he was second 
to none of his kith and kin. He was a gentlemen by nature, 
and united the utmost suavity with great energy in action. 
One gentleman who met him at a reception of his regiment, 
in Faneuil Hall, remembers his bearing as an officer. It was 
noticeable in a crowd of veterans. Another gentlemen, who 
knew him well, says that he only needed proper education to 
make another Phil. Sheridan. 



508 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

He went into the war as a member of the Emmet Guards, 
Third BattaUon Rifles, and in due time, after their brief cam- 
paign, received a captain's commission, in the Twenty-fifth. 
It is the universal testimony that he was an excellent officer, 
— brave, capable and faithful. Chaplain James holds his mem- 
ory in high esteem. Though a devoted member of the Catholic 
Church, and always glad to welcome the presence of a priest 
of his own faith, yet he respected his chaplain in his office, 
and required the same of his men. Soon after receiving his 
mortal wound, the surgeon, Dr. J. Marcus Rice, saw him, and 
examined his wounds. Being told that he could not live, he 
expressed a wish to have two lives to give for his country. 
He felt a passionate pride in the Union flag. At his request 
it was wrapped around him, and a fold of it was laid under his 
head. And so he died, the last pulsations of his heart beating 
for the land he loved. 

His remains were brought home, and a public funeral, 
under the direction of the military committee of the city coun- 
cil, was attended on the thirteenth of June. The city govern- 
ment, with the two Irish societies of the city, formed in pro- 
cession at the City Hall, under the escort of the State Guard, 
The procession marched to his residence, where the relatives 
were received and escorted to St. John's Church. A requiem 
mass was celebrated, and an address delivered by Rev. P. T. 
O'Reilley. The procession then moved to the South Wor- 
cester Cemetery, where the burial services were conducted by 
Rev. John J. Power. A large congregation witnessed the 
services in the church, and the streets were thronged with 
those, who, as the procession passed, joined their sympathy 
with the bereaved relatives and friends. 

Adjutant Henry McConville. 

In the letter above quoted, Captain Denny goes on to say : 
" Adjutant McConville next came, mortally wounded through 
the neck and head," He was wounded in the same bloody 
engagement, where so many hundreds fell, at Cold Harbor. 

McConville was one of the pioneers in the war from this 



ADJUTANT HENRY McCONVILLE. 509 

city, and by his soldierly qualities won the esteem of all who 
came into association with him. His superior officers speak 
of him yet, not only with respect, but with tender emotion. 
He survived the battle about ten days, but with little hope of 
recovery. Dr. Rice examined his condition, and in reply to 
his inquiries, told him that he could not live. He covered his 
face with his hands, and said : " Oh, my potjr mother ! " 
Precious words to a mother's ear, and full of consolation in 
the sorrow of bereavement. 

His brother. Major McConville, was with him, and wrote as 
follows : " To Dr. George Bates the people cannot be too 
grateful. In the hospital at almost all hours, looking for a 
Worcester wounded man, and when found, the kindness, I 
might almost say, motherly attention, he shows them, cannot 
be too highly appreciated." But mortal skill could not save 
him. 

The body of Adjutant McConville was brought to this city, 
and received fitting funeral honors. On the morning of his 
burial, a writer in one of the city papers, said : " Who can 
enter the church to-day, where funeral mass is to be per- 
formed, and not think of the days before the war, when the 
voice now silent forever, was so musical in the choir. Youth- 
ful, chivalric and brave, he is another offering on the altar of 
our country. Where patriotic spirits like his are to be found, 
such a land is safe, and will have a glorious history." 

The funeral took place on the fifteenth of June, when a long 
procession, consisting of past and present members of the 
Emmet Guards, under command of Lieutenant O'Gorman, the 
State Guard, the Father Matthew Temperance Society, the 
Hibernian Society, the Christian Doctrine Association, the 
members of the city government, the officers of the army in 
the city, numerous near friends of the deceased and a large 
concourse of citizens, moved from City Hall, by his former 
residence, to St. John's Church, while the Worcester Band 
played a dirge. His eulogy was briefly but feelingly spoken 
by Rev. Mr. O'Reillcy, who recounted the virtues of the 
departed, and uttered patriotic and ennobling sentiments. 



510 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Rev. Mr. Power conducted the burial services, which were 
unusually solemn and impressive. 

Lieutenant William Daley. 

Another victim of the slaughter at Cold Harbor, was 
young Daley, a friend and companion of the above-mentioned 
officers. Like them he had served long and faithfully, and 
like them, he offered himself a sacrifice for his country. Says 
Captain Denny : " Lieutenant Daley, in command of my com- 
pany, was mortally wounded, and was left about ten paces 
beyond a line of entrenchments, next to the enemy, and 
beyond the line held by our corps. Several attempts were 
made to get him to the rear, killing or wounding any who 
made the attempt, until he finally required that no farther 
effort should be made for him. He said he was mortally 
wounded, and might as well die there as anywhere. General 
Smith said so brave a man as Lieutenant Daley should be 
recovered, and directed that he should be dug out, and it was 
done. Two men of my company crawled up to the entrench- 
ments, and then dug a sap under the works, reaching to Lieu- 
tenant Daley, who was reached and safely brought to the rear." 
Doubtless this well-meant kindness was cheering to the dying 
officer, but he told Dr. Rice that the sufferings of those few 
moments while they were removing him, were greater than he 
endured for hours while lying outside. His wound was mor- 
tal, and he soon followed O'Neil. He died June 24, 1864. 

The remains were brought hither, and with funeral honors 
laid in the grave, on the twenty-seventh of June. The pro- 
cession was long and imposing, consisting of the Moulders' 
Union, of which the deceased was a member, various military 
organizations, the Drum Corps, and Goddard and Reidl's 
band. Services were held in St. John's Church, and the 
remains were laid in the South Worcester Cemetery. 

Corporal Timothy F. Taft, Jr. 
From a notice which appeared in the Spy, August 2, 1862, 
the following facts are gleaned in relation to this young 



CAPTAIN EDWARD R. WASHBURN. 5II 

patriot. He was a member of a Connecticut regiment, and was 
slain in the bloody repulse of the rebels before Atlanta. A 
ball struck him in the temple, and thence passed down into 
the bowels, inflicting two mortal wounds. He lived, without 
speaking, about half an hour. " Corporal Taft," says a friend, 
" was a soldier of great promise and capacity ; no less trusted 
and respected by his superiors, than loved by his comrades and 
friends. From his commanding officer he was confidentially 
assured, by reason of his special bravery and good conduct, of 
a speedy promotion to a lieutenancy." He had seen four 
battles in the Army of the Cumberland. For several years 
previous to the war, he had been in South America, and dur- 
ing the latter part of the time, had been the acting American 
consul at Guayaquil. He hurried home to take part in sup- 
pressing the rebellion. " He was liked by all in in the com- 
pany, and had not a single enemy in the regiment. While on 
the march he was always full of life and spirits, and when the 
men were weary and foot-sore, he would crack jokes and tell 
stories that would make them forget they were tired." His 
last letter to his father in this city, was dated at Marietta, 
Georgia, July 9, 1864, a short time before his death. He 
wrote : " Dear father, I assure you I shall try to do my duty to 
my country, and my superior officers, and if I come home 
with straps on my shoulders, they will be honorably earned. 
Let the people at home think less of political leaders, and 
more of their fighting soldiers, we will then have a speedy ter- 
mination of the war, and an end to slavery." 

Captain Edward R. Washburn. 
Worcester had been the home of Washburn about three 
years, when the rebellion summoned our youth into the field. 
The work of recruiting being somewhat dull in Lancaster, {the 
home of his boyhood) he went there, and soon raised a com- 
pany, and went to Louisiana as its captain. " In the assault 
on Port Hudson, June 14, 1864, he was leading his company 
in the extreme advance, and within a few rods of the enemy's 
works, fell, struck by five bullets, one of which completely 



512 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

shattered the bone of the upper thigh. After a day of four- 
teen hours in the severe and unshaded heat of that tropical 
climate, he was removed from the field, and his wound found 
to be mortal. It was the testimony of all the surgeons who 
attended him at New Orleans, that nothing but the most 
heroic resolution, aided by a vigorous and unimpaired consti- 
tution, carried him through that fearful crisis, and enabled 
him to reach home alive." It was supposed by his friends 
that he had entirely recovered from the effects of the wound, 
when he was suddenly taken with great pain in his leg, and 
for several days seemed to suffer all that humanity could en- 
dure. Then came relief, and he died as quietly and peacefully 
as a child sinks to its slumbers. Those who knew him best, 
speak of him as having borne one of the " purest and most 
exemplary characters, and as one of whom it may be truly said, 
he never had an enemy in the world, and that he was beloved 
by all who knew him." 

Lieutenant Samuel F. Woods. 
This young officer left the fairest prospects of success in his 
profession, when the cause of his country called him from the 
law to arms. Liter anna silent leges. Though his life was 
cut short by war, yet he had condensed the force of a pro- 
longed life into a few years. He is entitled to a place in these 
memorials, though a native of Barre, where he was born, 
June 23, 1837. Mr. H. P. Woods, of that town, was his father. 
A graduate of Yale College in the class of 1856, when nine- 
teen years of age, he entered upon the study of law at once, at 
Worcester. He studied also at the Cambridge Law School, 
and was admitted to the bar on reaching the age of twenty- 
one, when he commenced practice in his native place. On 
the nineteenth of April, 1861, he entered the service of the 
Union, being the first volunteer from his native town, as 
fourth lieutenant of the Holden company. Third Battalion 
Rifles. When the term of service had expired, he returned 
with the battalion, and resided in Worcester, until the summer 
of 1862, when he again joined the army in the capacity of 



FRANCIS ADAMS CONANT, M.D. 513 

adjutant of the Thirty-fourth Regiment, then forming in this 
city. Afterwards he held the position of acting assistant 
adjutant-general on the staff of General M. Weber, but when 
his regiment was ordered to the front, he chose to rejoin it, 
and his request was granted. He was severely wounded at 
Piedmont, came to Worcester, and died at the house of his 
brother-in-law, Hon. P. Emory Aldrich, June 26, 1864. 

Corporal Charlks W. Uphaji. 
This youthful soldier, son of Dea. Joel W. Upham, enlisted 
in the Fifteenth Regiment, and was in the fierce encounter at 
Ball's Bluff He was among the prisoners, and was taken to 
Richmond, where he learned in prison that the " tender 
mercies of the wicked are cruel." His death occurred on the 
fourteenth of December, 1861, after about six weeks of con- 
finement and privation. As a son he was tenderly beloved by 
his parents ; as a soldier he was faithful and brave. He left 
home a private, but was a corporal at the time of the battle, 
having been found worthy of promotion. At the time of his 
decease, his age was nineteen years, three months and five 
days. Earnest but unavailing efforts were made to find his 
remains, that they might rest with those of his kindred. 
Though his unknown grave is among strangers, his memory is 
sacred in the hearts of his friends. 

Fraxcis Adams Conaxt, IM.D. 
Was the son of Mr. Benjamin K. Conant, and was born in 
Worcester, February 28, 1838. On the tenth of August, 
1862, he enlisted in the service of the United States, at Fort 
Warren, Boston Harbor. He was appointed hospital steward 
at Alexandria, Virginia. Thence he was ordered to Nash- 
ville, in the early part of 1863. The IMedical University of 
Nashville conferred on him the degree of M.D., while sta- 
tioned there. Just before the close of the war he was assigned 
to duty at Evansville, Indiana. While discharging his official 
duties at the latter place, he accidentally received a severe 
injury, which resulted in his death, June 13, 1865. The 

33 



514 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Rural Cemetery, in Worcester, holds his remains. Though 
Dr. Conant did not belong to one of the Worcester regiments, 
he was just as truly in the service of his country, and deserves 
honor as an able and faithful officer. 

Sergeaxt a. T. Bailey. 

This devoted young patriot came to Worcester, from Marl- 
borough, New Hampshire, and resided here several years 
before the war. He was in good business ; had a home and 
friends, and a young wife, and thus felt the strongest attrac- 
tions towards home life. But a sense of duty to his country 
led him to leave all, and to bear the toils, hardships and fight- 
ing of his regiment, the Thirty-sixth. 

Bailey was very athletic, and he called all his energies into 
exercise. He never faltered, or fell out of the ranks ; and he 
won the highest encomiums from all his comrades. " Put 
Bailey on," was the general sentiment of the men when duties 
requiring more than usual promptness, sagacity and courage, 
were at hand. No word of complaint escaped his lips. Ever 
ready to assist and cheer others, his example shed a luster on 
the otherwise dark clouds of camp life, and revived those who 
were desponding. He fought through the Wilderness, day 
after day, to Spottsylvania Court House, where on the twelfth 
of May, 1864, he fell, pierced through the abdomen by a rifle 
ball. Calmly, without a murmur, he gave to a brother soldier 
his last requests, disposing of his effects. A few hours later 
he left a dying message for his wife, shook hands with the 
bleeding and brave fellows around him, adding : " Give my 
love to all at home," and then expired with serene composure. 

Edwin D. Jordan. 
This young soldier was a brother of Mr. J. W. Jordan, of 
Worcester. Another brother entered the service of the coun- 
try as a resident of Lynn, to which city he was credited. 
Edwin, the subject of this brief sketch, was a member of com- 
pany D, of the Fifteenth Regiment, and bore an honorable 
part in its ranks. A portion of the fame which it acquired, 



MAJOR ELIJAH A. HARKNESS, 515 

belongs to him. The last action in which he was engaged 
was the battle of Antietam, where he was fatally wounded. 
He was taken to Sharpsburg, where he died in the hospital 
on the twenty-eighth of September. His remains were 
brought home, and were tenderly laid in the cemetery by 
those who loved him in life, and now cherish his memory. 

Major Elijah A, Harkness. 

Among those who appear to have been held in peculiar 
esteem by his comrades, was Major Harkness. Those who 
remember him as a companion in school days, or as a fellow- 
soldier in arduous warfare, speak of him with kindness and 
affection. He was a bright scholar, and stood in the front 
rank among the members of the High School. When the 
tocsin of war sounded through the land, he was with the first 
to spring to arms. His first experience in the field of actual 
warfare, was as a member of company A, Third Battalion 
Riflemen, of which company he was fourth lieutenant. The 
three months' service being, fulfilled, he returned with the 
battalion, having acquired the experience which qualified him 
to take the rank of first lieutenant, and the position of adjutant 
in the Twenty-fifth Regiment, the formation of which was 
begun before the battalion came home. He performed his 
duties with great efficiency as adjutant during the first cam- 
paign of his regiment in North Carolina, at Hatteras, Roanoke 
Island and Newbern. 

When the Fifty-first was organized by Colonel Sprague, he 
was offered the position of major, and he proved himself com- 
petent for the trust. Through the brief, but active and trying 
period of the history of the Fifty-first, he was brave, capable 
and faithful. Pleasant in aspect, cheerful in spirit, affable in 
intercourse, strenuous in warfare, he secured the respect of 
his men, and the esteem of his fellow-officers, while he faith- 
fully served his country. It was the fortune of Major Hark- 
ness to live through the casualties of war, and to die, while 
yet young, in the time of peace. Subsequent to the expira- 
tion of his term of service, he removed to Chicago, where his 



$16 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

decease occurred about two years since. Though he died in 
a distant city, his memory is fragrant in the home of his 
childhood. 

COLOR-BEARER JOHN E. LEWIS. 

An incident at the battle of Cold Harbor, is the best eulogy 
of this brave young man, who enlisted from Worcester in com- 
pany K, of the Twenty-fifth. The first banner presented to 
the regiment by the ladies of Worcester, had been so torn by 
over two years of service as to require an honorable discharge. 
It was delivered into the hands of Mayor Lincoln, to be for- 
ever preserved by the city. The unfailing patriotism of the 
ladies immediately supplied another standard. Says General 
Pickett : " There was nothing that so inspired our soldiers with 
a determination to do their duty, as this continued evidence 
of the interest felt in them, and the cause they were fighting 
for, by the noble women at home." Before the battle of Cold 
Harbor, Colonel Pickett called the color-guard together, told 
them that warm work was expected, and urged them to keep 
the flag in its place, whatever might happen. He spoke to 
brave, intrepid, patriotic men. In the battle which ensued, 
the national flag, in the hands of one of the sergeants, was 
" blown into fragments by a shell, and scarcely nothing was 
left but a portion of the staff." Then the blue flag, the gift of 
the ladies of Worcester, was flung to the breeze. Three color- 
bearers were shot down, when Lewis in his intrepidity and 
daring, raised the flag once more in sight of friends and foes. 
He was in advance of the line, for the men around him had 
fallen. " Johnny Lewis," says Captain J. Waldo Denny, " was 
alone. In such a storm of bullets no man can live. Men see 
him stagger. He takes the staff from the socket and plants it 
in the ground, — for brave Johnny Lewis, as he stands there 
facing death, determines, if his mortal body falls, the colors 
of the old Twenty-fifth shall stand, proudly, defiantly erect ! 
For a moment he reels to and fro as if tenacious of life, turns 
his eyes heavenward, and falls to the earth, grasping the 
colors, and lies there, enshrouded in the folds of the flag! 



SOLDIERS MONUMENT. 517 

Upon that banner his manly form reposes, and it is stained 
with his gallant blood." That flag, doubly sacred now, did 
not fall into the hands of rebels ; for Casey, of company C, 
bravely rushed forward, seized and saved it. Such men as 
Lewis may fall, but their spirit enters into their surviving 
comrades, and makes heroes of them all. The effect stops 
not with them ; the next generation of young men read the 
story, and learn that it is " beautiful and sweet to die for one's 
country." May Worcester never lose this " breed of noble 
bloods." 



These biographical notices, already drawn out beyond all 
expectation, must here be brought to a close. Perhaps the 
names of others could be mentioned, as worthy of the laurel 
wreath as those whose virtues and bravery are here commem- 
orated ; but these are all which were found by a careful search 
of the journals of the day, or by inquiry of personal friends. 
None have been intentionally omitted. This however is of lit- 
tle consequence. The " Roll of Honor " which fills the next 
chapter, is the record of hard service and heroic devotion. 
All recorded in that list, who did their duty, and stood faithful 
to the flag of their country, need no other biography. 

One thing, however, remains to be done by the city of Wor- 
cester, before her debt of gratitude to her fallen heroes can 
be paid. She owes it to herself as well as, and as much as to 
them, to erect a noble monument to their sacred memory. 
The attention of the citizens has been forcibly called to this 
subject by the Hon. James B. Blake, the popular and patriotic 
mayor of the city, and it must be that his recommendation, in 
some suitable form, will yet meet with a favorable response. 
It is honorable to the living to honor the virtuous and heroic 
dead. The remains of those who fell in the contest, so far as 
possible, have been tenderly brought home, and laid in the 
grave, by loving and respectful ministries, as Manoah buried 
his son of" seven-fold strength." 



5l8 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

" Nothing is here for tears, nothing to wail 
Or knock the breast, no weakness, no contempt, 
Dispraise or blame, nothing but well and fair, 
And what may quiet us in a death so noble. 
Let us go find the body where it lies 
Soaked in his enemies' blood, and from the stream 
With lavers pure, and cleansing herbs, wash off 
The clotted gore." 

All this has been reverently done. Kindred and friends 
have brought the remains of fallen soldiers from the field of 
blood, "solemnly attended, with silent obsequy and funeral 
train, home to their father's house." But this is not enough. 
Milton puts words into the mouth of Samson's father which 
express our duty. 

" There will I build him 
A monument, and plant it round with shade 
Of laurel ever green, and branching palm. 
With all his trophies hung, and acts inrolled 
In copious legend, or sweet lyric song. 
Thither shall all the valiant youths resort, 
And from his memory inflame their breasts 
To matchless valor and adventures high ; 
The virgins also shall on feastful days 
Visit his tomb with flowers." 



CHAPTER XXII. 

THE ROLL OF HONOR. 

PART I.— NAMES OF OFFICERS. 

This chapter, in two parts, contains the names of all the officers and sokliers credited to 
Worcester in the '"Records of Massachusetts Volunteers." That work as being more 
correct than any other roll of our soldiers, will always be the standard authority. If any 
officer or private, belonging to Worcester, does not find his name in the following pages, 
the cause of such omission will be found in the fact that his name is not in the authorized 
"Records"of the Commonwealth. The names of the officers are given according to their 
respective grades. The names of line and staff officers are arranged alphabetically. The 
names of several officers credited to other towns and states are added. To these are ap- 
pended the names of several officers in the navy. 

The Soldiers' names are given as found in the "Records," mentioned above. Some are 
repeated two or three times, because they belonged to different companies or regiments.* It 
was impossible to give the names of all those who received wounds. The names of deserters 
are inserted, because they could not be omitted without sacrificing the truth of history. 
They do not deserve to be in the hst, but it is none the less a •'Roll of Honor," though their 
names are included. This Roll will be a title of nobility in the estimation of children, and 
children's children, in coming generations. 

BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL. 
Charles Devens, jr., Major Third BattaUon Rifles ; Colonel Fifteenth Regiment; Brigadier- 
General, April, 1862; Brevet Major-Gcneral. 

BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERALS. 

Augustus B. R. Sprague, Captain Company A, Third Battalion Rifles ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 
Twenty-fifth; Colonel, Fifty-first; Lieutenant-Colonel, Second Heavy Artillery; Colonel do.; 
Brevet Brigadier-General. 

Josiah Pickett, First Lieutenant, Company A, Third Rifles ; Captain, Company A, Twenty- 
fifth; Major, Colonel, Brevet Brigadier-General. 

William S. Lincoln, Lieutenant Colonel, Thirty-fourth ; Colonel, Brevet Brigadier- 
General. 

Arthur A. Goodell, Sergeant-Major, Third Rifles; Adjutant do.; Captain, Company A, 
Thirty-sixth ; Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Brevet Brigadier-General. 

COLONELS. 

George H. Ward, Lieutenant-Colonel, Fifteenth ; Colonel. 

George C. Joslin, Second-Lieutenant, Company A, Third Rifles; Captain, Company I, 
Fifteenth; Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel. 

Julius Massena Tucker, Second-Lieutenant, Thirty -sixth ; First Lieutenant, Fifty-seventh ; 
Captain, Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Brevet Colonel. 

* The second volume of the "Records" is not published, but the proof-sheets have been examined nearly as 
far as the thousandth page. The rolls of the Veteran Reserve Corps, and the colored regiments, are not yet 
printed, but the names of the Worcester men are to be found, for the most part, in the following tables. 
(519) 



520 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 

Orson Moulton, Third Lieutenant, Company A, Third Rifles; Captain, Company H, 
Twenty-fifth ; Lieutenant-Colonel. 
John M. Studley, Captain. Fifteenth ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Fifty-first. 
David M. Woodward, First Lieutenant, Company H, Twenty-fifth; Lieutenant-Colonel. 

MAJORS. 

John W. Davis, Sergeant, Company I, Twenty -Fifth ; First Lieutenant, Captain, Major. 

Elijah A. Harkness, Fourth Lieutenant, Company A, Third Rifles ; Adjutant, Twenty- 
fifth ; Major, Fifty-first. 

Matthew J. McCafl'crty, Second Lieutenant, Compjiny C, Third Rifles ; Major, Twenty-Fifth. 

Dexter F. Parker, Light Infantry, Fourth Licuten.-int, May 4, 1861, Captain and Assistant 
Quartermaster, August 3, 1S61, Major, Tenth, August 2, 1862. 

Harrison W. Pratt, Captain, Light Infantry; Captain, Company A, Thirty-Fourth, Major. 

Frederick G. Stiles, Captain Company E, Forty-Second; Major. 

Benjamin A. Ball, First Lieutenant, Captain, Third Heavy Artillery, Brevet-Major. 

Merritt B. Bessey, Second Lieutenant, Company A, Twenty-Fifth; Captain, Brevet Major. 

Charles H. Davis, Sergeant-Major; Captain, Commissary Department; Brevet Major. 

Francis E. Goodwin, First Lieutenant, Company A, Twenty-Fifth; Captain, Brevet Major. 

Edward T. Raymond, Sergeant, Company K, Twenty-fifth ; Sergeant, Company G, Thirty- 
Sixth ; Second-Lieutenant, First do. ; Captain, Brevet Major. 

William R. Steele, Oct. 28, 1862; expiration of service July 28, 1364, as Major by Brevet. 

CAPTAINS. 

George F. Allen, Captain, U. S. C. Troops. 

L. Henry Bailey, Captain Company G, Thirty-Sixth. 

William B. Bacon, First Lieutenant, Company K, Thirteenth; Captain, Thirty-Fourth. 

John S. Baldwin, Cajitain Company F, Fifty-First. 

Amos Bartlett. Captain, Fifteenth. 

George E. Barton, Sergeant Major, Fifty-First; Captain, Fifty-Seventh, 

J. Orlando Bemis, Second Lieutenant, Fifty-First ; Second and First Lieutenant, Fourth 
Heavy Artillery. Captain. 

Robert H. Chamberlain, First Lieutenant, Captain. 

William Daly, Sergeant Company C, Third Rifles ; Second Lieutenant Twenty-Fifth ; First 
Lieutenant; Captain. 

J. Waldo Demiy, Second Lieutenant Light Infantry ; Captain, Company K, Twenty-Fifth. 

James M. Drennan, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, Captain, Twenty-Fifth. 

Samuel 8. Eddy, Second Lieutenant, Company F, Fifty-First; First Lieutenant, Company 
F. Forty-Second; Captain. 

Arthur P. Forbes, Second and First Lieutenant, Captain, Twenty-Fifth. 

Augustus Ford, First Lieutenant, Captain. 

Albert H. Foster, Captain, Company D, Twenty-Fifth. 

Henry P. Fox, First Lieutenant, Thirty-Sixth ; Captain. 

Jalaam Gates, Corporal, Twenty -Fifth ; Captain FirstN. C. C. Vols. 

John B. Goodell, First Lieutenant, Captam, Company C, Fifty-First. 

John L. Goodwin, First Lieutenant, Fifty-Seventh ; Captain. 

John S. Hall, Sergeant, Second and First Lieutenant, Captain, Company K. 

Thom<a8 J. Hastings, Sergeant Company D, Fifteenth; Second Lieutenant, First Lieuten- 
ant, Captain. 

Thomas W. Higginson, Captain Company C, Fifty-First. 

Horace Hobbs, Captain, Company H, Fifty-First. 

Edward E. Howe, Second Lieutenant Company I, Twenty-First ; First Lieutenant, Captain. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



521 



John B. Knox, Sergeant, Company D, Twenty-Fifth ; Second Lieutenant; First Lieutenant 
Captain in Signal Corps. ' 

Michael S. McConville, Captain, Company C, Third Battalion Rifles. 

James J. McLane, Sergeant, Company A, Twenty-Fifth; First Lieutenant First N C 
Union Vols. ; Captain. ' 

Edwin A. Morse, Corporal, Company C, Thirty-Sixth ; Second Lieutenant, First Lieuten 
ant, Captain. 
James O'Keefe, First Lieutenant Comp.-»ny H, Twenty-Eighth • Captain 
Thomas O'Neil, Lieutenant, Company C, Third Rifles, Captain, Company E, Twenty-Fifth. 
George C. Parker, Private Company F, Twenty-First ; Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, 

Everett W. Pattison, Sergeant, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, Captain, Second. 

Sydney W. Phillips, Captain in Ordnance Department. ' i- ' 

Nicholas Powers, Corporal. Company C, Third Rifles; Captain, Fifteenth 

George W^Prouty, First Lieutenant, Light Infantry; Captain, Company D, Fifty-First. 

Moses P. Riclmrdson, First Lieutenant, Brevet Captain. y J^irsi. 

B. Frank Rogers, Captain, Twenty-First. 

Alexis C. Soloy, First Lieutenant, Thirty -Fourth; Captain 
U.^'s! Vols''' ^'^°'"^'°°' ^"^' Lieutenant, Twenty-Fifth, Captain, Commissary Subsistence 

John Treanor, Captain, Twenty-Eighth. 

anZcapTain.' """""'""' ^'^'"^'^""'-^'^J^'-' Twenty-First; Second Lieutenant, First Lieuten- 

Louis Wageley, Private, Company A, Third Rifles; Captain, Company G, Twenty-Fifth 

Alanson H. Ward, Captain, Sixty-First. J' "-, J-wenty j^mh. 

Edward R. Washburn, Captain, Company K, Forty-Second 

wZZ i '^^'^'^^"'•"' Second Lieutenant, Company K, Tw'enty-First, Captain. 

Wilham F. Wheeler, Captain, Company E, Fifty-First. 

Edwin A. Wood, Captain, Company A, Fifty-First. 

Edwin P. Woodward, First Lieutenant, Company D, Fifteenth, Captain. 

George M. Woodward, First Lieutenant, Captain, Fifty-Fifth. 

FIRST LIEUTENANTS, 

Henry Bacon, Second Lieutenant, Company C, Thirty-Fourth; First Lieutenant. 
Henry D. Barber, Sergeant Major, Thirty-First; First Lieutenant 
Tnh^'-^^' ^■^"^"'"o ®'°°"^ Lieutenant, Company C, Fifty-first; First Lieutenant. 
John E. Calligan, Sergeant, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, Thirty-Fourth 
George S. Campbell, Second Lieutenant, Twenty-Eighth; First Lieutenant. ' 
Luther Capron, Jr., First Lieutenant, Company D, Forty-Second 

Lioutln'nt'^' ''°""^' """''"'' ^''^""■'' ^'"^"F"-*; 8—1 LieutJnant, Seventeentli ; First 
Charles B. Cutler, Second and First Lieutenant, Thirty -Fourth 
bZIZ' ?f"'!;^' Second Lieutenant, Company C, Thirty-Sixth; First Lieutenant. 

ArSr "" Quartermaster, Fifty-First; First Lieutenant, Second Heavy 

Anthony Earle, First Lieutenant, Sixty-First. 

James E^ Estabrook, Quartermaster, Third Rifles; First Lieutenant, Twenty-Eighth 
Joshua Freeman, First Lieutenant, Fifteenth -^igntn. 

Lil'^t:^" ^""°''' '^"'^'■'^•■'""^^'^■- Sergeant, Fourth Cavalry; Second Lieutenant. First 

Cb!rlTJ'S"Z' ^rr" ^'°"*°"'^°t- S«'=ond Heavy Artillery; First Lieutenant. 
Chailes N. Hair, First Lieutenant, Fourth Heavy Artillery 

James M^Hervey, Sergeant, Company A, Twenty-Fifth ; First Lieutenant, N. C U V 
Charles H. Hey wood. Second Lieutenant, Fourth Heavy Artillery 



522 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

Lyman P. Hooker, First and Second Lieutenant, Twenty-Fifth. 

Charles A. Hurlburt, First Lieutenant, Fifteenth; transferred to Twentieth. 

Henry M. Ide, First Lieutenant, Fifty-Seventh. 

Henry G. Jennings, First Lieutenant, Fifty-First. 

Levi Lincoln, Jr., Second Lieutenant, Company E, Thirty -Fourth ; First Lieutenant. 

John A. Lovell, Second Lieutenant, Company A, Thirty-fourth; First Lieutenant. 

Henry Matthews, Sergeant, Company D, Twenty -Fifth ; Second Lieutenant, First Lieu- 
tenant. 

Michael McKeon, Mrst and Second Lieutenant, Twenty-Fifth. 

Albert M. Murdock, First Lieutenant, Fifty-Seventh. 

Charles M. Murray, Second and First Lieutenant, Fifteenth. 

Dwight Newbury, Scrgeant-Major, First Lieutenant and Adjutant, Fifteenth. 

Michael O'Driscoll, First Lieutenant, Company C, Third Rifles. 

John J. O'Gorman, Corporal, Company C, Third Rifles; First Lieutenant, Twenty -Eighth. 

James O'Keefe, Second Lieutenant, Company H, Thirty-Fourth; First Lieutenant. 

Aaron Parker, Company D, Twenty-Fifth ; First Lieutenant, Thirty-Sixth U. S. C. T. 

Charles H. Peck, First Lieutenant, Company F, Fifty-First. 

George F. Penniman, First Lieutenant, U. 8. C. Troops. 

Daniel E. Pond, Corporal; Lieutenant in Ullmann's Brigade. 

Henry W. Reed, Second Lieutenant, Second Heavy Artillery; First Lieutenant. 

John B. Reed, Twenty -Fifth : First Lieutenant, N. C. U. Vols. 

Francis B. Rice, Quartermaster and First Lieutenant, Thirty-Sixth, 

John A. Rice, Sergeant, Company C, Thirty-Sixth; First Lieutenant. 

Henry W. Richter, First Lieutenant, Company G, Twenty-Fifth. 

Charles W, Rost, First Lieutenant, Twentieth. 

Robert B. Sinclair, Sergeant, Company H, Thirty-Fourth; Second Lieutenant, Second 
Heavy Artillery ; First Lieutenant. 

Thomas J. Spurr, Second Lieutenant, Company G, Fifteenth ; First Lieutenant. 

William R. Steele, First Lieutenant, Fifteenth. 

Charles F. Tew, Sei-geant, Company K, Twenty -Fifth ; Second Lieutenant, First Lieu- 
tenant. 

Albert C. "Walker, Second Lieutenant, Company H, Thirty-Fourth; First Lieutenant. 

Timothy M. Ward, First Lieutenant, Twenty -Fifth. 

James C. E. Woodbury, Second Lieutenant, Company H, Thirty -Fourth ; First Lieutenant, 
Thirty-Fifth; U. S. Colored Troops. 

Samuel F. Woods, Fourth Lieutenant, Company B, Third Rifles; First Lieutenant, Thirty- 
Fourth; Adjutant. 

SECOND LIEUTENANTS. 

Charles E.Barnard, Sergeant, Fifty -First; Second Lieutenant. 

Nicholas J. Barrett, Second Lieutenant, Company H, Twenty-eighth. 

William F. Belser, Sergeant, Company E, Thirty-Fourth ; Second Lieutenant. 

Willian? W. Bemis, Second Lieutenant. 

Frederic W. Boswell, Second Lieutenant, Thirty-Sixth. 

George Burr, Sergeant, Company A, Twenty-Fifth; Second Lieutenant. 

James L. Carter, Second Lieutenant, Nineteenth. 

John A. Cheney, Second Lieutenant. First N. C. C. Troops. 

James M. Child, Second Lieutenant. 

Henry S. Clark, Second Lieutenant, 

Edward I. Coe, Second Lieutenant, Fifty-Seventh. 

Marcus M. Collis, Second Lieutenant. 

George H. Conklin, Second Lieutenant, Second Heavy Artillery, 

Thomas Earle, Second Lieutenant, Company A, Twenty-Fifth. 

Samuel A. Goodspeed, Sergeant, Company C, Thirty-Sixth; Second Lieutenant. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



523 



Eudolph Hacker, Sergeant, Company G, Twenty-Fifth ; Second Lieutenant. 

H. A. Harding, Second Lieutenant, Company E, Forty-Second. 

C. N. Harrington, Second Lieutenant. Company A, Fifty-First. 

Martin Hays, Sergeant, Company C, Tliird Rifles ; Second Lieutenant, Fifteenth. 

Joseph W. Hobbs, Second Lieutenant, Twenty-Fourth. 

George A. Johnson, Sergeant, Company A, Twenty -Fifth ; Second Lieutenant; Sixty-First. 

Frank C. Bannicutt, Sergeant, Company H, Thirty-Fourth ; Second Lieutenant. 

John B. McLane, Company E, Twenty -Fifth ; Second Lieutenant, First N. C. U. T. 

James O'Neil, Corporal, Company E, Twenty-Fifth; Second Lieutenant. 

James Peacock, Sergeant ; Second Lieutenant. 

Charles H. Pelton, Sergeant, Company H, Twenty -Fifth; Second Lieutenant. 

Charles H. Pinkham, Second Lieutenant, Fifty-Seventh. 

Joel H. Prouty, Private Light Infantry ; Second Lieutenant, Company D, Fifty-First. 

Gilbert N. Rawson, Second Lieutenant, Thirty-Sixth- 
Stephen H. Rhoades, Sergeant; Second Lieutenant, U. S. C. Troops, 

George M. Rice, Jr., Second Lieutenant, Second Heavy Artillery. 

Myron S. Sanford, Second Lieutenant, Second Heavy Artillery. 

Walter W. Scott, Second Lieutenant, Thirty-Fourth. 

Dennis M. Sheehan, Second Lieutenant, Company E, Twenty-Fifth. 

Frank L. Smith, First Lieutenant, Twenty-Fifth; Second Lieutenant, U. S. C. Troops. 

G^eorge A. Spaulding, Second Lieutenant, Company D, Twenty-Fifth. 

John W. Stiles, Sergeant, Company A, Thirty -Fourth; Second Lieutenant. 

Augustus Stone, Company A, Twenty-Fifth ; Second Lieutenant, Fourth Heavy Artillery. 

Edward S. Stone, Second Lieutenant. 

Charles H. Stratton, Sergeant, Company D, Twenty-Fifth; Second Lieutenant. 
Melville E. Walker, Sergeant, Company H, Thirty-Fourth; Second Lieutenant. 
Charles J. Ward, Sergeant, Second Lieutenant. 

Frederick E. Weigand, Second Lieutenant, Company G, Twenty-Fifth. 
Edward W. Wellington, Sergeant, Company H, Twenty-Fifth; Second Lieutenant, Second 
Cavalry. 
James C. Woodworth, Sergeant, Company H, T wenty- Fifth ; Second Lieutenant. 
Maurice Melaven, Fourth Lieutenant, Company C, Third Rifles. 
George F. Allen, Company D, Twenty-Fifth ; Lieutenant in Colored Vols. 
Isaac R. Barber, Jr., Company D, Twenty- Fifth ; Lieutenant in Colored Vols. 
Francis Bridges, Corporal, Company H, Twenty-Fifth ; Lieutenant U. S. Colored Troops. 
Willard Cheney, Jr., Sergeant; Lieutenant in U. S. C. Troops. 
Paul A. Goodspeed, Lieutenant. 
John Methvea, Lieutenant, U. S. C. Troops. 
John D. Mirick, Corporal, Company H, Twenty-Fifth ; Lieutenant, Thirty -Fifth U. S. C. T. 

SURGEONS.* 
Joseph N. Bates, Fifteenth. 

Samuel Foster Haven, Jr., Fifteenth ; killed at Fredericksburg. 
Peter Hubon, Twenty-Eighth. 
Oramel Martin, Third Battalion Rifles. 
J. Marcus Rice, Twenty-First. 
Samuel Flagg, Assistant Surgeon, Twenty-Fifth. 
Horace Mecorney, Assistant Surgeon, Twenty-Fifth. 
Edwin F. Ward, Assistant Surgeon. 

CHAPLAINS. 
Charles T. Canfield, Thirty-Sixth. 

Joseph C. Cromack, Nineteenth; transferred to Twenty-Secondt 
Gilbert Cimimings, Fifty-First. 
Horace James, Twenty-Fifth. 

* See pp. 389-391. 



524 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

ADJUTANTS. 
George W. Baldwin, Fifteenth, Captain. 
J. Stewart Brown, Fifty-First. 
Chailes B. Kcuulall, Lieutenant. Twenty-Fifth. 
Henry McConville, Twenty-Fifth; Captain, Brevet-Major. 

QUARTEEMASTERS . 
James C. Estabrook, Thirtieth. 

Church Howe, Captain, Fifteenth; General Sedgwick's Staff. 
George F. Thompson, Twenty- First; Captain. 
Francis B. Wright, Thirty-Sixth. 

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 
John Grayson, Quartermaster Sergeant, Fifth Cavalry. 
Nathaniel 8. Liscomb, " " Third Rifles. 

Edward A. Rice, " " Fifteenth. 

William R. Steele, " " " 

Elbridge G. Watkins, '< <« 

Amos D. Wehen, " " Fifth Cavalry. 

Charles D. Browing, Sergeant Major, First Cavalry. 
Nelson A. Coes, " " 

Lewis J. Elwell, Sergeant Major, Commissary Sergeant. 
Daniel W. Freeman, " " 

John S. Hall, " " 

Samuel H. Putnam, " " 

David F. Laury, Commissary Sergeant. 
Albert H. Gleason, Hospital Steward. 
Joseph M. Tourtellott, " 

Amasa D. Ward, " 

OFFICERS IN OTHER CORPS. 

Hasbrouck Davis, Brigadier-General in Illinois Cavalry, 

John L. Thompson, Brigadier-General iu N. H. Cavalry. 

Calvin E. Pratt, Brigadier-General in N. Y. Regiment. 

John B. Wyman, Brigadier-General in Illinois Infantry. 

William N. Green, jr.. Second Lieutenant, One Hundred and Second N. Y". Vols.; Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, One Hundred and Seventy-third N. Y. Vols. ; Colonel, Brevet Brigadier- 
General. 

Thomas W. Higginson, Colonel, First South Carolina (colored) Volunteers. 

George M. Curtis, Major in a New York Regiment. 

John M. Goodhue, Adjutant, Captain, Major, U. S. Infantry. 

Henry C. Ward, Second Lieutenant, Fifteenth ; Second Lieutenant, Fifty-Seventh; Cap- 
tain in U. S. Army. 

Francis Bacon, Lieutenant in a New York Regiment. 

NAVAL OFFICERS. 
George 8. Blake, Commodore. 
Charles P. Blake, Lieutenant Commanding, 
Bancroft Ghirardi, Lieutenant. 
Charles E. Brown, Ensign. 
J. C. Dutch, Ensign. 
W. H. Hathorne, Ensign, Paymaster. 
George M. Rice, Jr., Ensign. 
George D. Uphani, Ensign. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 

PART II. — NAMES OF SOLDIERS. 

In the following pages the names of the Worcester soldiers are arranged by regiments 
and companies. The names of Sergeants, Corporals, Musicians, Wagoners, Blacksmiths, 
Armorers and Artificers are first given, according to rank; then follow the soldiers' names 
in alphabetical order. 

SIXTH REGIMENT INEANTRT.— THREE MONTHS. 



Names. 


D.ate of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY B* 






Thomas 8. Washburn, 8., 


xipr. 22, 


'61 


2d Lieutenant, May 21st, 1861. 


John A.Lowell, S., 








August 2nd, 1861: expiration of service. 


J. Stuart Brown, S., 








do 


Charles H. Stratton, S., 








do 


James A. Taylor, S., 








" " do 


Joel H. Proiitv, C, 








" " do 


Edward 8. Stone, C, 








" do 


William H. Hobbs, C, 








" '« do 


William C. Roundy, M., 








do 


Edwin Stalhurth, M., 








do 


Abbott, Caleb P., 








do 


Alden, Benj. F. R., 








" '« do 


Alden, Edward W., 








" «' do 


Bacon, John W., 








» do 


Ball, David H., 








do 


Ballard, Thomas E., 








" do 


Belser, William F., 








do 


Bemis, Henry, 








do 


Brainard, Robert M., 








« do 


Brown, Joseph L., 








" " do 


Caligan, John E., 








do 


Campbell. Edwin A., 








do 


Capron, Edward C, 








do 


Capron, Luther, jr., 








do 


Casey, Thomas J., 








" " do 


Clissold, Joseph., 








do 


Comsett, Moses W., 








do 


Conklin, George H., 








do 


Connor, William, 








do 


Curtis, Marcus, 








" " do 


Dart, Charles E., 








do 


Dennis, -John B,, 








do 


Doherty, Thomas A., 








do 


Drury, Ephr.aim L., 








do 


Drury, Luke T., 








" " do 


Dyson, Joseph, 








do 


Estabrook, Josiah S., 








do 


Gurnhardt, Adam, 








" " do 


Hacker, Rudolph A., 








" " do 


Hardy, Henry, 








do 


Hastings, Ira B., 








" do 


Haven, Henry R., 








do 


Hay, Edwards., 








do 


Henry, John, 








" " do 


Hoar^ Adalbert D. V., 








do 


Hodgkins, Orlando, 








do 


Houghton, George A., 








" " do 


Kidder, James P., 








do 


Knapp, John M., 








do 


Lincoln, William, 








do 


Methven, John P., 








" do 



(525) 



= TMrd Battalion Infantry attached. 



526 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE mIoNTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY B. — CON, 

Moulton, Charles A., 
Mulcahy, John F., 
Newton, Myron J., 
Nolan, James H., 
Parker, Dexter F., 
Perry, Edward B., 
Piper, "William H., 
Pierce, J. M. T., 
Rice, Elbridge M., 
Rice, Joseph O., 
Richler, Henry M., 
Riggs, Calvin., 
Schwarz, George, 
Shaw, James D., 
Sheehan, Dennis M., 
Sief, Moilleux, 
Smith, J. Baxter, 
Stiles, John W., 
Talbot, Thomas, 
Thompson, Edwin P., 
Towlc, John, 
Trmnbull, Charles P., 
Turner, Peter J., 
Valentine, William H., 
Walker, Albert C, 
Weigand, Frederick, 
Whitcomb, Andrew J., 
Wilkins, Daniel, 
Wilkins, James, 
Wilson, Charles H., 
Wolfe, John, 
Woodcock, Ira, 
Woodward, J. Wallace, 
Young, Silas E., 



Apr. 22, '61 



June 
Apr. 



17, '61 

22, '61 



May 18, '61 ; disability. 

August 2nd, 1861; expiration of service. 

" " do 
do 

4th Lt., May 4th, 1861. 
August 2nd, 1861; expiration of service. 

" " do 

" " do 

" " do 

" do 

" " do 

" do 

'< do 

" " do 

'« " do 

" " do 

" " do 

" do 

" " do 

" " do 

" » do 

" do 

" «' do 

" " do 

" do 

" " do 

" " do 

" do 

" " do 

do 

" do 

" " do 

" " do 

" do 



EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE MONTHS.— Company H. 



Ward, Charles H. 



I Apr. 30, '61 I August 1, '61; expiration of service. 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLEMEN.— THREE MONTHS. 



company a. 




















Edward W. Adams, S., 


May 


19, 


|61 


August 


3rd, 


1861; 


expiration 


of Bervice. 


Walter S. Bugbee, S., 


















do 


George A. Johnson, S., 


















do 


Charles A. Ward, S., 


















do 


James M. Hervey, C, 


















do 


Calvin N. Harrington, C, 


















do 


George Burr, C., 


















do 


Henry Mathews, C., 


















do 


William H. Heywood, M., 


















do 


James Stewart, M., 


















do 


Alden, Frank, 




23, 














do 


Aldrich, William H., 




19, 














do 


Bacon, Francis, 


















do 


Bartlett, Charles S., 


















do 


Bessy. Merritt B., 








July 24th, 1861 


disability. 




Bigclow, George P., 








August 


3rd, 




1861; 


expiration 


of service. 


Bigelow, Luther H., 


















do 


Bond, Charles H., 


















do 


Burdick, Theodore, 


















do 


Campbell, George S., 


















do 


Champney, Lewis C., 


















do 


Chenev, John M., 


















do 


Coes, Frank L. R., 


















do 


Curtis, George M., 


















do 


Cummings, Jones M., 






u 












do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 527 

THIRD BATTALION RIFLEMEN—THREE MONTHS —Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY A.— CON. 

Cunninarham, Herman E 
Cutkr, Oliarlus B., 
Cutting. Elmer, 
Davis, Charles, 
Daniels, Henry W., 
Dodge, Edwin L., 
Fairbanks, Charles F., 
Puller, Jerome H., 
Gates, Jaalam, 
Gilbert, Amos H., 
Gleason, Tliomas, 
Green, Joel W., 
Hatch, George W., 
Henry, Charles, 
Heywood. William, 
Howe, Edward E., 
Kendall, Charles B., 
Kendall, Herbert J., 
Liscomb, Nathaniel S., 
Mclver, David H., 
McLane, James J., 
Mcllen, Henry, 
Moen, Henry A. R., 
Monroe, Charles H., 
Morse, Edwin A., 
Parker, AmosM., 
Pelton, Charles H., 
Plummer. Francis J., 
Pomroy. John W., 
Poole, Horace W., 
Shaw, Chester B., 
Slocum, James 8., 
Slocum, Samuel A., 
Sprague. Welcome W., 
Starr, William, 
Steele, William R., 
Thompson, John A., 
Wagely, Louis, 
Walker, Melville, E., 
Warren, George E., 
Watkins. Elbridge G., 
Wood, William H., 

COMPANY B. 

Henry M. Ide, S., 
James W. Stanley, 8., 
Artomas D. Bascom, C., 
Sanford E. Stratton, C, 
Baker, William E., 
Coburn, Nathan 8., 
Collier, John A., 
Earle, Enoch, 
Earle, William H., 
Firth, John, 
Franklin, Edward H., 
Hobart, George, jr., 
Earned, George H., 
McGatiey, Charles A., 
Nye, William A., 
Rockwood, George W., 
White, Frederic A., 

COMPANY C. 

William Daly, 8., 
Patrick Curran, 8., 
Martin Hayes, 8., 
Patrick, Hayes, 8., 
Nicholas Powers, C., 



Date of 
Muster. 



May 19, '61 



ly 10, '61 
May 19, '61 



27, 
19, 



June 3, '61 
May 10, '61 



Remarks. 



July 24th, 1861 ; disability. 

do 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 

" do 

July 24th, 1861 ; dis.ibility. 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 
July 24th, 1861 ; disability. 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 

" " do 

Died at Fort McHenry, July 4th, 1861. 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service, 
do 
" " do 

" do 

" " do 

do 
July 24th, 1861; disability. 

" " do 

Sergeant Major, July 1st, 1861. 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 
" do 

" do 

do 

" " do 

July 24th, 1861 ; disability. 
August 3rd, 1861 ; expiration of service. 
" " do 

" " do 

do 
do 
" " do 

do 
May 22nd, 1861 ; disabiUty, 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 
" " do 

do 
" " do 

do 
" do 

" " do 

do 
" do 



do 

July 3rd, 1861 ; disability. 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 
" do 

do 
" " do 

" " do 

July 24th, 1861 ; disability. 
August 3rd, 1861; expiration of eervico. 
" do 

" do 

" do 

" do 

do 
" do 

" " do 

July 1st, 1861, disability. 



August 3rd, 1861; expiration of service. 

" " do 

" " do 

" " do 

" " do 



528 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



THIRD BATTALION RIFLEMEN.— THREE MONTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY C. — CON. 
















John O'Gorman, C, 


May 


19 


'61 


August 


3rd 


1861; 


expiration of service. 


George Cliandley, C. 












ii 


do 


Edward F. Murray, M., 








'1 




'i 


do 


Brazzle, Patrick, 








u 




'^ 


do 


Brewer, James M., 








« 




'> 


do 


Burns, James, 








" 




"j 


do 


Carroll, John, 








(( 




<( 


do 


Collins, Michael, 








u 




n 


do 


Conners, Jeremiah, 








a 




n 


do 


Derry, Patrick, 








i( 




a 


do 


Doherty, James, 








(C 




a 


do 


Donahoe, Daniel, 








a 




If 


do 


Downey, Dennis, 








a 




<( 


do 


Empey, Robert, 








" 




" 


do 


Finn, Thomas, 








" 




(( 


do 


Gavin, Anthony, 








u 




a 


do 


Hammond, James, 








(I 




n 


do 


Harrington, Barth'mew, 








" 




li 


do 


Hayes,"^Edward, 








(( 




a 


do 


nines, John, 








li 




a 


do 


Keegan, Michael, 








" 




a 


do 


Kecgan, Patrick, 








C( 




a 


do 


Kelley, P.atrick, 








u 




" 


do 


Kerr, John, 








'< 




" 


do 


McCann, Felix, 








" 




« 


do 


McConville, Henry, 








Hospital Steward, May 22nd, 1861. , 


McDonald, John, 








August 


3rd 


1861; 


expiration of service. 


McDonald, Michael, 








«' 




" 


do 


McGinuis, John, 








" 




11 


do 


McHannon, James, 








f( 




" 


do 


Mclvenna, James, 








July 24th, 1862 ; disability. 


McKeon, Michael, 








August 


3rd 


1861; 


expiration of service. 


McKeou, Thomas, 








" 






do 


MoLane, JohnB., 








a 






do 


McLaughlin, Daniel, 








" 






do 


Moore, George, 








u 






do 


Moran, James, 








" 






do 


Morrison, Francis, 








<' 






do 


Morton, John, 








a 






do 


O'Brien, John, 








" 






do 


O'Keefe, James, 


June 19 




a 






do 


Roach, Michael, 


May 


19 




a 






do 


Tobin, John, 


" 






" 






do 


Tobin Michael, 


" 






(( 






do 


Trayner, John, 


" 






" 






do 


Ward, Napoleon, 


" 






" 






do 



FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRT.— ONE HUNDRED DATS. 



COMPANY B. 

Stone, Frank S., 
Taft, Albert M., 
Vibbert, Albert H., 




November 16, 1864 ; expiration of service. 

" ■" do 

" " do 



SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— ONE HUNDRED DATS. 



COMPANY A. 

Taylor, Samuel W., 


July 15. '64 


October 27tli, 1864; 


expiration of service. 


COMPANY B. 

Lee, William D., 


" 17 '• 


« it 


do 


COMPANY C. 

Burnham, James H., 


" 16" 


a a 


do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 
FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY.-ONE HUNDRED DAYS. 



529 



Names. 



COMPANY C. 

Wilson, Dwight O., 

COMPANY E. 

Fergus A. Easton, S., 
Daniel Mooney, S., 
Benjamin F. Payne, C, 
Frank Maple, C, 
Bruno, John, 
Carney, Matthew, 
Childs, Henry W., 
Crichton, James, 
Denuey, Daniel E., 
Fay, Eugene L.. 
Jaques, Noble E.. 
Jones, Willard W., jr., 
Moynihan, Martin, 
Sargent, Henry S., 
Ward, George F., 
Woodcock, Henry B., 



COMPANY F. 

Alfred T. Eddy, S., 
Elliott G. Leathers, S., 
S. Payson Perry, C., 
Justin B. Willard, C, 
John F. Rawson, C, 
Adams, Henry B., 
Ager, John F., 
Aldrich, George W., 
Beaman, Elmer A., 
Bowdish, Alvin, 
Briggs, Thomas J., 
Bruso, Peter, 
Chase, Charles E., 
Cutler, William T., 
Dixon, Ezra, 
Fay, Herbert W., 
Harrington, Charles L., 
Harrington, George G., 
Henry, James F., jr., 
Jaquos, John, 
Knowles, Benj. S., 
Kolsett, Hans, 
Lamson, Da\id A. J., 
Lovell, Freeman, 
Lowell, Henry H., 
Mackey, Thomas J., 
Pratt, Alvin 8., 
Putnam, Charles F., 
Rice, George H., 
Simpson, George L., 
Stimpson, Joseph N., 
Stone, Samuel, 
Towne, William H., 

COMPANY G. 

Mason A. Boyden, S., 
Charles S. Jefts, S., 
Elbridge H. Jefts, 8., 
Henry S. Hall, C, 
Alonzo G. Hutching, C., 
Herbert W. Mills, M., 
Cooper, C. Henry, 
Corrigan, .John, 
Costigan, John J., 
Crocket, Alonzo D., 
Curtis, Charles A., 
Denny, Winelow S., 



Date of 

Muster. 



Remarks. 



July 14, '64 November 11, 1864; expiration of service. 



July 22, '64 



July 15, '64 I 



do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 



do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 



July 21, '64 



3i 



Died October 24, 1864, at Alexandria, Virginia. 
November 11 1864; expiration of service. 

:: do 

do 

do 

Died October 5, 1864, at Alexandria, Virginia. 
November 11, 1864; expiration of service. 

" do 

Died September 18, 1864, at Alexandria, Virginia. 
November 11, 1864; expiration of service. 



do 

do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 



530 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT KrEAlirTRY.— ONE rrUNDRED DATS.— CoNTmnED. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY G. — CON. 






Dickinson, Fred S., 


July 21, '64 


November 11, 1864: expiration of service. 


Greenwood, Morrill A., 




«' do 


Johnson, Danfortb, 




«' do 


Patch, Vernon A., 




do 


Robinson, Henry F., 




" do 


Russell, Henry F., 




« do 


Stearns, George A., 




do 


Tully, James, 




" " do 


Turley, William, 




" " do 



SIXTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— ONE HUNDRED DAYS. 



COMPANY F. 








Ora Howard, S., 


July 20, '64 


November 30, 1864; 


expiration of service. 


Joseph A. Long, S., 






do 


Edwin 8. Gould, C, 






do 


Theodore Remington, C, 






do 


Ayres, Charles R., 






do 


Barker, Charles R., 






do 


Barnard, Frederic J., 






do 


Bynner, Walter R., 






do 


Chapiu, Charles 8., 






do 


Darling, John E., 






do 


Fitch, Dana K., 






do 


Goodell, Milton B., 






do 


Green, Nathaniel L,, 






do 


Hale, Amos H., 






do 


COMPANY G. 








League, Timothy, 


" 19, " 




do 



NINETEENTH UNATTACHED COMPANY INFANTRY.— ONE YEAR. 



Charles W. Johnson, 8., 


Nov 


25, 


'64 


June 


2T, 




1865; 


expiration 


of service. 


Henry T. Brigham, C, 


















do 


Bartlett, John S., 


















do 


Batchelor, Arthur H., 


















do 


Bullard, Perry, 


















do 


CunniiiEtham, Michael, 


















do 


Lowe, Herbert, 


















do 



FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS. 



COMPANY E. 














Samuel Fiske, 8., 


Sept. 


30, '62 


August 20, 


1863 


expiration of service. 


John L. Keyes, 8., 


" 










do 


Henry Mellen, C, 


ft 




" " 






do 


Maxim Lovely, C., 


a 










do 


Charles E. Bent, M., 


" 




a a 






do 


Frank H. Cook, M., 


" 










do 


Allen, David B., 


" 




" " 






do 


Brooks, Nathaniel N., 


" 




" " 






do 


Burgess, Joseph A., 


" 




" " 






do 


Denny, Everett A., 


" 




" " 






do 


Dorman, Alender E., 


" 




" " 






do 


Doyle, James, 


" 










do 


Goughan, Patrick, 


" 




Deserted October 4, 


1862, 


Worcester. 


Keyes, Jonas C, 


" 




August 20, 


1863 


expiration of service. 


Mc"Cr.acken, George J., 


" 




" " 






do 


McDoUen, Archibald, 


" 










do 


Parker, Charles F., 


u 




a (( 






do 


Pool, Francis N., 


i( 




(1 (1 






do 


Putnam, Henry E., 


" 




(f t( 






do 


Regan, John, 






" " 






do 


Richards, Henry A., 


i( 










do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



531 



FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY E.— CON. 












Bird, Louis, 


Sept. 30, '62 


August 


20, 1863; 


expiration of semce. 


Smith, Aaron, 








do 


Taylor, George W., 










do 


Walker, Frederick, 










do 


Waters, Buckley, 










do 


Wigglesworth, Eli, 










do 


Worcester, Edward J., 










do 


Yeaton, John C, 










do 



FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS.— Company I. 



Cresson, James, 
Mason, Elislia L., 



I Nov. 19, '62 Died June 4th, 1863, at Baton Rouge, La. 
I '' " September Ist, 1863 ; expiration of service. 



FIFTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS. 



COMPANY I. 


















Patrick Kelley, S., 


Sept 


30, 


'62 


August 


24, 


1863; 


expiration of eervice. 


Michael P. Kielly, S., 








" 




(( 




do 


John Kerr, 8., 








a 




If 




do 


John Magennis, S., 








" 




" 




do 


John Hines, 8., 








Died August 


6, 1863, 


at sea. 




Peter J. McConville, C, 








August 


24, 


1863; 


expiration of service. 


Nicholas McMahon, C-, 








'i 




it 




do 


James O'Neill, C, 








" 




a 




do 


James J. Power, C., 








<i 




<( 




do 


Philip O'Connell, C, 








u 




" 




do 


John Russell, C, 








" 




<< 




do 


Michael McDonald, C., 








Died August 


19, 1863 


, at Worcester. 


Boyle, James, 








August 


24, 


1863; 


expiration of service. 


Bradley, John, 








" 




i( 




do 


Brazil, John, 








<< 




« 




do 


Clark, James, 








11 




(( 




do 


Clune, Henry, 








" 




(( 




do 


Clune, James, 








11 




" 




do 


Connor, Thomas, 








" 




« 




do 


Couch, Henry, 








<< 




" 




do 


Curhoy, John, 








" 




" 




do 


Danahy, Thomas, 








" 




" 




do 


Darney, William H,, 








" 




" 




do 


Delaney, James, 








" 




(( 




do 


Dolan, Patrick, 








" 




" 




do 


Dunn, James, 








" 




" 




do 


Farrell, William, 








" 




" 




do 


Fay, William J., 








" 




" 




do 


Fitzgerald, Martin, 








Died May 2, 


1863, at 


Baton Rouge, La. 


Foley, Michael, 








August 


24, 


1863: 


expiration of service. 


Foy, James, 








" 




" 




do 


Gallagher, Patrick, 








'» 




" 




do 


Grady, Dennis, 








" 




" 




do 


Hcrr, Daniel, 








" 




K 




do 


Higgins, Maurice, 








" 




" 




do 


Kelley, Henry T., 


Dec. 


9, 


'62 


" 




" 




do 


Kelley, .John, 


Sept. 


30, 


'62 


" 




" 




do 


Lee, William, 






" 




«' 




do 


McBride, James, 








" 




a 




do 


McCoy, Thomas, 








Deserted December ] 


, 1862. 




McLaughlin, Daniel, 








August 


24, 


1863; 


expiratior 


of service. 


McManus, Patrick, 








" 








do 


Meagher, Thomas F., 








" 








do 


Moran, Peter, 








" 








do 


Murphy, Jeremiah, 








'« 








do 


Murphy, John, 








" 








do 


Murphy, Patrick, 








Died August 


8, 1863, 


at Mo«nd City, III. 


O'Connor, Patrick, 


Oct. 


29, 


'62 


Deserted October 30, 


1862. 




O'Rourke, Charles P., 


Sept. 


30, 


'62 


Died June 3, 


1863, at 


Baton Ronge, La. 



532 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

FIFTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— ISTINE MONTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY I.— CON. 








Phelan, Francis, 


Sept 


30, '62 


August Si, 1863: expiration of service. 


Phelan. Michael, 


Oct. 


14, '62 


do 


Pojv^er, James A., 


Sept. 


30, '62 


Died at sea August 3, 1863. 


Reil, John, 






August 24, 1863: expiration of service. 


Rice, John, 






" " do 


Roach, Michael, 






" " do 


Scrymgour, Thomas, 






" " do 


Sheehan, Redmond, 






do 


Skerrett, Nicholas, 






Died June 19, 1863, at Baton Rouge, La. 


Smith, Gordon, 






August 24, 1S63: expiration of service. 


Toner, Michael, 






do 


Treanor, Owen, 






Died March 9, 1863, at Baton Rouge, La. 


Welsh, Michael, 






August 24, 1863; expiration of service. 


Wolfe, Richard, 






do 


Wood, Henry C, 






Deserted Octoher 31, 1862. 



FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS, 



COMPANY A. 


















John M. Cheney, S., 


Sept. 25, 


'62 


July 


27, 


1863 


expiration 


of 


service. 


Rob't H. Chamberlain, S., 


'• 




" 




" 




do 




Edwin L. Dodge, S., 


" ' 




" 




«' 




do 




Joseph A. Harrington, C., 


It i 




" 




" 




do 




Francis J. Avery, C, 


" ' 




" 




" 




do 




George L. Bliss, C, 


" ' 




" 




" 




do 




Samuel F. Bond, C, 


(1 1 




'< 




" 




do 




Charles 8. Ayres, C., 


11 1 




" 




" 




do 




William B. Mclver, C., 


" ' 




February 5 


1863; disability. 






Lavine Libby, M., 


" ' 




January 14 


1863; disabihty. 






Bemis, Charles A., 


" ' 




July 


27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Bigelow, Edward D., 


" ' 




♦' 




<i 




do 




Brownhiil, Charles, 


Oct. 11, 


'62 


" 




« 




do 




Brooks, Joseph B., 


Sept. 25, 


'62 


" 




II 




do 




Cheever, William F., 






" 




" 




do 




Clemence, James A., 






" 




" 




do 




Colburn, Albert, 






" 




" 




do 




Cook, Norton L., 






" 




" 




do 




Cotting, Edward P., 






Hospital Steward, 


March 1, 1863 






Davis, Charles, 






July 


27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Dickenson, James S., 






" 




II 




do 




Eddy, Theodore A., 






" 




" 




do 




Everett, Handel P., 






" 




" 




do 




Follett, William K., 






" 




" 




do 




Flagg, Frank A., 






" 




" 




do 




Glazier, Henry, 






" 




" 




do 




Gleason, John B., 






II 




" 




do 




Goodnow, Henry H., 






" 




" 




do 




Gordon, Robert E., 






" 




" 




do 




Gordon, Seth B., 






Died 


July 


12, 1863 


at Boston. 






Gordon, William P., 






Died 


July 


3, 1863, 


on U. S. Convoy. 




Goulding, John, C., 






July 


27, 


1863 


expiration 


of 


service. 


Green, John W., 






" 




II 




do 




Handy, George W., 






April 


1,1863; disability. 






Harrington, Jerome, 






July 


27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Hays, William, 






'' 








do 




Hodgkins, Leander, 






u 








do 




Holmes, Edwin H., 






" 








do 




Howe, Leander. 






" 








do 




Hudson, George, N., 






" 








do 




Hudson James 0., 






June 14, 1863 ; disability. 






King, Geerge H., 






July 


27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Lackey, Rufus A., 






" 








do 




Landson, Henry H., 






" 








do 




Lawrence, George C., 






u 








do 




Lewis, James, 






" 








do 




Loring, John W., 






II 








do 




Loring, Silas H., 






« 








do 





THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



533 



FIFTY-FIRST liEGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY A.— CON. 


















Manning, William A., 


Sept 


25, 


'62 


July 27, 


1863 


; expiration 


■ of 


service. 


Nicholas, Lysander B., 


" 






" 






do 




Palmer, James, 


" 






" 






do 




Rice. Charles M., 


" 






" 






do 




Smith, James Gr., 


" 






" 






do 




Storrs, Henry C, 


" 






" 






do 




Thayer, Friewalden C., 


" 






" 






do 




Wheeler, AsaN., 


" 






" 






do 




White, William H., 


" 






" 






do 




Wilson, William, 


" 






January 14 


1863; 


disability. 






Wood, Jesse E., 


" 






July 27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


COMPANY B. 


















Hubbard, Joseph M., 


Sept. 


30, 


'62 


(1 


It 




•do 




Larned, George H., 


Oct. 


I'i, 


'62 


" 


" 




do 




COMPANY C. 


















Henry C. W.adsworth, S., 


Sept. 


25, 


'62 


i< 


« 




do 




Charles N. Hair, S., 


(( 






u 


«' 




do 




William M. Miller, 8., 


" 






<< 


IC 




do 




George E. Dunlap, 8., 


" 




' 


" 


" 




do 




James E. Dennis, 8., 


" 






(1 


" 




do 




James S. Rogers, S., 


" 






December 10, 1862 


; by promotion. 




Stephen E. Green, 8., 


" 






May 29, } 863; 


do 






J. Orlando Bemis, 8., 


" 






2d Lieutenant January 27, 1863. 






Charles A. Goddard, C, 


" 






July 27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Charles H. Heywood, C, 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Charles H. Porter, C, 


(( 






" 


(1 




do 




Samuel A. Perry, C, 


" 






« 


" 




do 




Samuel D. Barrett, C., 


" 






June 23, 1863 ; 




do 




Edwin H. Bliss, C., 


" 






Died February 16, 


1863, at Newbern, 


N. C. 


George E. Barton, C., 


" 






Sergeant M 


ajor, November 4, 1862. 




Charles F. Coe, M., 


" 






July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 




Nathan 8. Coburn, M., 


" 






February 6 


1863: 


Usability. 






Battelle, George L., 


" 






July 27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Brown, Edwin, 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Butler, George C, 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Carrico, Benjamin, 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Cole, Martin, 


" 






" 


<< 




do 




Cooke, Samuel H., 


" 








« 




do 




Davis, Winthrop, 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Earlo, Stephen 0., 


" 






" 


(( 




do 




Flynn, Thomas, 


" 






i( 


" 




do 




Fry, Charles B., 


i( 






" 


11 




do 




Fuller, Samuel H., 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Gilbert, Thomas, 


" 






Died June. 


1863. 








Glover, Warren, 


" 






July 27, 186 


3 ; expiration of service. 




Gould, WiUiam. 


" 






March 3, 1863; disability. 






Haven, Charles W., 


" 






Died February 18, 


1863, Newbern, N. 


C. 


Hersey, Albert W., • 


" 






July 27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of 


service. 


Hicks, Loren L., 


" 






" 


11 




do 




Hinds, Edwin W., 


" 






" 


i( 




do 




Holbrook, John, 


'• 






" 


(1 




do 




Hoppin, Charles A., 


" 






n 


<( 




do 




Kendall, George M., 


" 






" 


'. 




do 




Kendall, Henry J., 


" 






Died April 


19, 1863, Newbern, N 


.C. 




Keth, Henry F., 


" 






July 27, 


1863 ; 


expiration 


of 


service. 


Laverty, John, R., 


" 






" 


" 




do 




Longley, Henry G., 


" 






Died February 25, 


1863, Newbern, N. 


C. 


Lowe, Moses H., 


" 






July 27, 


1863 ; 


expiration 


of 


service. 


Maynard, Charles L., ■ 


" 






" 






do 




Moore, Charles A., 


" 






u 






do 




Muzzy, Franklin A., 


« 






" 






do 




Pierce, Charles F., 


a 






" 






do 




Pratt, John, 


u 






i( 






do 




Pufler, Marshal J., 


<( 






(( 






do 




Putnam, Henry D., 


" 






< 






do 




Putnam, Wheelock T., 


" 






" 






do 





534 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY C. — CON. 

Rhodes, Jonathan, 
Spaulding, L. Q., 
Stayner, Henry W., 
Stowe, William H., 
Stratton, Eugene W., 
Strong, Luther W., 
Taft, Frank C, 
Tapley, David G., 
Whittemore, Charles P., 
Whittcmore, G. 8., 
WiUis, William G., 
Wiun, Henry A., 

COMPANY D. 

George H. Conklin, S., 
James M. Woodward, S. 
William H. Brigham, S., 
Edward S. Stone, S., 
Jairus B. Lamb, 8., 
William T. Farr, 8., 
Stephen T. Coe, C, 
William F. Knowlton, C. 
Daniel Wilkins, C, 
Erastus W. Woodis, C, 
Eugene Leddy, C, 
George W. Moore, C, 
Eli B. Fairbanks, C, 
Wm. H. VanNorman, C. 
Amos Spraguo, jr., C., 
Geo. 8. Duckworth, M., 
Charles 8. Smith, M., 
Alden, Addison P., 
Ames, Jonathan M., 
Baker, David, 
Blaiikinhorn, John, 
Bootmun, W. O., 
Browning, A. F., 
Chase, Charles 8., 
Chamberlain, EdmundH. 
Chapman, Elbridge, 
Clark, Hiram J., 
Conkey, John S., 
Crosby, H. C., 
Cutler, Frank H., 
Darling. A. M., 
Fames, G. P., 
Edwards, T. W., 
Everett, James B., 
Fenner, William G., 
Fineral, William, 
Fisher, John AV., 
Flagg, Thomas M., 
Gates, John B., 
Gates, Walter, 
Gill, George F., 
Goddard, Leander, 
Hanscom, Edwin A., 
Hapgood, Henry R., 
Hastings, Ira B., 
Higgins, Isaiah, jr., 
Hill, Henry K., 
Howe, James, 
Kirby, George E., 
May, Edwin, 
Mellsop, James, 
Midgley, Joseph, 
Noyes, James R., 
Payne, Richard B., 



Date of 
Muster. 



Sept. 25, '62 



Sept. 30, '62 



Oct. 
Sept. 



July 


27 


, 1863 ; 


expiration 


of service. 

do 

do 


i< 




« 




" 




i( 




do 






(( 




do 


(1 




a 




do 


" 








do 


i( 




<( 




do 
do 
do 










do 
do 


IJ 




(1 




do 
do 
do 


November 25, 1862; 


disability. 




March 3, 


1863; 


do 




May 


29, 1863; 


do 




July 

(( 
(( 

u 


27 


, 1863 ; 


expiration 


of service. 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 



November 25, 1862; disability. 
July 27, 1863; expiration of service. 
Died January 11, 1863, Newbern, N. 0. 
Deserted November 14, 1862, Camp WooL 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 



« 

't 
(I 
11 










do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Jl 










do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


" 










do 


II 










do 
do 


March 27, 


1863; 


disability. 






July 


27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of service. 


" 




" 






do 


" 




" 






do 


<t 




II 






do 
do 


IC 




K 






do 


(( 




4l 

l( 






do 
do 


Deserted November 22, 1862, 


Camp WooL 


July 


27, 


1863 


; expiration 


of service. 

do 

do 


IC 




u 






II 




11 






do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



535 



FIFTY- FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS.— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY D.— CON. 

Pierce, Royal 8., 
Prouty. EnotC, 
Rand, William A., 
Ratigan, Edward, 
Ratigan, John, 
Ratigan, Patrick, 
Riggs, Albert, 
Robineon, Curtis E., 
Salisbury, Erastus, 
Shurtlefl'. Samuel H., 
Sisson, William B., 
Smith, Roswell A., 
Sturtevant, Charles H., 
Swann, Frank P., 
Taft, William W., 
Toomey. Michael, 
Ufford,' Edward W., 
Walker, Charles A., 
Wallace, Osborn H., 
Whitcomb, Jeremiah H., 
Willis, George N., 
Woodbury, Charles F., 

COMPANY E. 
Lewis, Reuben L., 
Plaisted, Simon M., 

COMPANY F. 

Henry J. Jennings, S., 
Eben D. Cheney, 8., 
John C. Burley, 8., 
Edwin J. Coe, C, 
Abraham H. Newton, C, 
Edwin D. McFarland. C, 
Joseph E. Hastings, C, 
Charles H. Cutting, C, 
Elliot G. Leathers, M., 
Daniel A. Minter, M., 
Allison, William, 
Armstrong, James, 
Bacon, William M., 
Boyden, Mason A., 
Burley, Orson L., 
Childs, James M., 
Church, Stephen, 
Daniels, Frank J., 
Dunnell, Franklin, 
Emery, William W., 
Frost, Edward H., 
Goodnow, Nahum R., 
Harrington, David, 
Hutchins, Horatio H., 
Moore, Edward L., 
Moore, Marcus, 
Morse, Sabin A., 
Parsons, Solomon, jr., 
Richards, William E., 
Stevens, Edgar, 
Stockwcll. Francis E., 
Tourtellotte, Daniel A., 
Washburn Edward L., 
Whitney, George C., 
Woodcock, James F., 

COMPANY G. 

William J. Saylor, C, 
Fitzpatrick, John, 
Preston, Alfred, 



Date of 
Muster. 



Sept. 30, '62 



Remarks. 



Sept. 25, '62 



Oct. 14, '62 



July 26, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

do 
do 
do 

Transferred November 20, 1862, to 15th Infantry. 
" do ' 

July 27, 1863 : expiration of service. 
March 6, 1863; disability. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

do 
do 
" do 

" do 

do 

Deccmher 10, 1862; disability. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

" do 

March 3, 1863 ; disability. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 



do 
do 



Sept. 30, '62 



" do 

" do 

do 
" do 

" do 

" do 

" do 

Died January 24, 1863, Newbern, N. C. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

" do 

" do 

do 
do 
" do 

" do 

do 
do 
" do 

" do 

do 
" do 

do 

March 1, 1863; disability. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

" do 

Died January 18, 1863, Newbern, N. C. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

" do 

" do 

Quartermaster Sergeant, November 4, 1862. 
July 27, 1863 ; expiration of service, 
do 



do 
do 
do 



53^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

BTFTT-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— NINE MONTHS.— Continued. 



i 



Names. 



COMPANY H. 

William A. Kimball, M. 
COMPANY I. 

Roach, Samuel J., 



Date of. 
Muster 



Oct. 2, '62 
Oct. 14, '62 



Remarks. 



July 27, 1863 : expiration of service. 
« do 



FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT.— NINE MONTHS.- Company A. 

Russell, Francis C, | Oct. 17. '62 [ Septembe r 2, 1863; expiration of service. 

FIRST BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



Sullivan, Patrick, 



Aug. 28, '61 I Deserted June 29, 1863, New Market, Va. 



THIRD BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



Conant, Sherman W., 
McGinn, Patrick, 



Jan. 4, '64 I Tr. Sept. 1, '64, to 5th Bat. ; June 12, '65, exp. of serv. 
June 25, '64 | Never joined for service. 



SIXTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



Palmer, Samuel E., 



I Jan. 3, '65 | August 7, 1865; expiration of service. 



SEVENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



William Holmes, C, 
Adams, Lucius O., 
Bangs, Isaac F., 
Brown, Thomas H., 
Cleavland, Moses A., 
Do wall, Michael, 
Foot, Benjamin P., 
Forbes. John W., 



Dec. 


19, '63 


" 


3, '64 


" 


6, '63 


" 


5, '63 


Jan. 


4, '64 


" 


5, '64 


Dec. 


5, '63 


Jan. 


4, '64 



October 5, 1865; expiration 
November 10, 1865 ; 
October 6, 1865: 



November 10, 1865 ; do 

January 12, 1864; rejected recruit. 
.June 16. 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Died July 31, 1864, New Orleans, La. 



NINTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 

Cummings, Frederic A., | Nov. 2, '64 | June 6, 1865; expiration of service^ 

TENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



Monroe, Frank A., 
Nichols, George, 



Jan. 5, '64 I Transferred 1864, Co. F, 20tb V. R. C. 
Nov. 11, '64 I June 19, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



TWELFTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



Irwin, John C, 



I Nov. 28, '64 I July 25, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



FIFTEENTH BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



Clark, Coleman, 
Gardner, James G., 
Powers, Patrick, 



Sept. 20, '64 
" 24, " 



August 4, 1865; expiration of service. 

" " do 

" " do 



FIRST REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Stockwell, Francis E., 

COMPANY B. 

Bird, Joseph, 
ChoroD, George, 



Sept. 4, '64 
Oct. 13, '64 



June 4, 1865 ; disability. 



August 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
" " do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



537 



FIRST REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



COMPANY C. 

Columns, Authony, 
COMPANY G. 

Hughes, Michael, 

COMPANY K. 

Nourse, Charles "W.. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Dec. 8, '64 
Oct. 3, '64 



Remarks. 



Augusts, 1865 ; disability. 
June 10, 1865 ; expiration of service in Co. B. 



Dec. 8. '631 Transferred March 10. 1865, to V. R. C. 



SECOND REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Cole. Francis M., 
Davis, John, 
Hadley, John, 
Kimball, William A., 
Leary, Daniel, 
Sibley, William L., 
Studley, Horace C, 

COMPANY B. 

Bugbee, Edward R., 
Carlton. John C, 
Chase, James N., 
Fry. Charles H., 
Sibley, Wilson, 

COMPANY C. 

William R. Follett, C, 
Bassett. Thomas D., 
Brooks. Frank A., 
Cadieux, Charles, 
Chaft'ee, Jonathan E., 
Damon, George A., 
Donahoe, Michael G., 
Dufty, Michael, 
Kirs. Orville D., 
Pippen. Solomon, 
Ricker. Charles C., 
Rich, William A., 

COMPANY D. 

Reuben L. Lewis. C., 
Barrus. Delano P., 
Bates. John W., 
Costello. John, 
Eddy. George P., 
Leahy, John, 
Pierce, Charles F., 
Tobin. Dagin, 
Wright, Augustus A., 

COMPANY E. 
Hannon, Henry J., 
Keavey, Patrick, 

COMPANY F. 

Frank Eaton. S., 
Berry. Henry L., 
Brown. George G., 
Bullard. Silas C, 
Butler. Leverett S., 
Darling. Andrew, 
Dewing. Frederick A., 
Fairbanks, George W., 
Fisher. John W., 
Foster. Thomas, 
Gilliland, William W., 



July 


28 


'63 


Sept 


8 


'64 


Jan. 


2, 


'6-1 


Sept 


19, 


'64 


July 


28, 


'63 


June 24, 


'64 


Sept. 


10, 


'64 


July 


29, 


'63 


Sept. 


16, 


'64 


Sept. 


5, 


'64 


July 


29, 


'63 


Jan. 


2, 


'64 


Sept. 


19, 


'64 


Aug. 


26, 


'63 


Sept. 


6, 


'64 




17, 


'64 


" 


5, 


'64 


a 


6, 


'61 


u 


19, 


'64 


Aug. 


4. 


'63 


Sept. 


5, 


'64 


Mar. 


1, 


'64 


Aug. 


22, 


'63 



[31. '64 
22. '63 



Sept. 2. '64 
12, '64 



Oct. 8. '63 



16, '63 
8, '63 



16, '63 

8, '63 



September 3, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" " do 

Transferred December 16, 1864, to 17th Infantry. 
September 3, 1865; expiration of service. 
Transferred to Co. A, ITth Infantry. 
September 3, 1865: expiration of service, 
do 

Transferred January 17, 1865, to 17th Infantry. 

May 20. 1865; expiration of service. 

Transferred January 17. 1865, to Co. B, 17th Infantry. 

June 26. 1865; expiration of service. 

Deserted July 12, 1865. 

September 3. 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Transferred January 9. 1865, to 17th Infantry. 
September 3. 1865: expiration of service. 
Transferred January 9. 1865, to 17th Infantry. 

17, 1865, to 17th M. V. 
June 26, 1865 ; expir.ation of service. 
Transferred January 9, 1865, to 17th Infantry. 
" '( a 

'• January 17. 1865, to 17th Infantry. 

Deserted August 18. 1865. 
Transferred January 17, 1864, to 17th Infantry. 
" ■ 1865, " 

.June 15, 1865; disability in Co. L. 
September 3. 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" " do 

" " do 

" " exp. of sen-, in Co. H. absent sick. 

" " '• Co. A. 

June 26. 1865; expiration of service in Co. H. 
September 3. 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" " do in Co. A. 



June 26, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Transferred December 16, 1864, to 17th Infantry. 

September 3, 1865; expiration of service. 

do absent eick. 

Deserted May 4, 1S64. 
.July 20. 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Died January 24, 1865, at Nowbern, N. C. 
September 3. 1S65: expiration of sei-vice. 
Deserted May 24. 1864. 
September 3, 1865; expiration of service. 

" '' do absent sick. 

" " do 

do 



DO' 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



SECO^TD REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS.— Co^TTDfUED. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY F. — CON. 










Knight. Ivory P., 


Oct. 


8, 


'63 


May 21. 1865; disabiUty. 


Phaneuf, Horace, 


" 


> 




June 9. 1665 ; 


Ryan, Patrick, 


Sept. 


9j 


'64 


Transferred January 17, 1865, to 17th Infantry. 


COMPANY G. 










George C. Bntler, S.. 


Dec. 


7, 


'63 


Died July 30. 1864. in rebel prison. 


Georse S. Duckworth, S.. 


" 






" December 11. 1864. at sea. 


John M. Wliite. S., 


a 






" in hands of the enemy. 


Henry K. Hill, C.,' 


" 






" November 1, 1SG4. Andersonville. 


Henry F. Jennison, C, 


u 






" February S. 1864, Plymouth, N. C. 


Charles A. G. Rice, C, 


a 


'/ 


" July 13. 1864, Andersonville. 


Henry T. Wheeler. C, 


" 






" October 17. 1864. Florence. 8. C. 


Bent. Charles E.. 


'' 






" July 15, 1864, in Co. H.. Andersonville. 


Clark. Richard D., 


" 


9, 


'63 


" October 17. 1S64, in rebel prison. 


Congdou. Edmund, 


" 


7, 


'63 


" August 19. 1864, 


Daniels. William, 


<i 






Never joined for service. 


Devlin. Henry, 


" 


;' 


August 13, 1865; disability. 


Edwards. Thomas W., 


a 






Died October 14. 1864. Andersonville. 


Frye. Otis G. W., 


a 






September 3. 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Gav. George G., 


" 




( 


Died September 5. 1864, AndersonvUle, 


McNulty. Peter J.. 


iC 




( 


•' October 23. 1864. 


Spaulding. James H., 


u 


« 


Missing in action, April 20, 1864. 


Sylvester, Avery. 


a 






Died October. 1864, Florence, S. C. 


Tiirnericliffe, John, 


" 






•• Mays. 1S64. Andersonville. 


Walton. Henry 8., 


" 




June 22. 1865 : expiration of seiTice. 


Ward. Williams.. 


a 




Rejected recruit. 


Wellington. George W., 


a 




Died August 9. 1S64, Andersonville. 


Wilder. Lewis E.. 


'' 




•' " 12.1864. 


Woodbury, Hobart H., 


'' 






" September 29, 1864, in rebel prison. 


COMPANY H. 










Flynn. Daniel. 


Sept. 


9. 


'64 


June 26. 1865 : expiration of service. 


Fry. George M!.. 




5, 


'64 


Transferred December 16. 1864, to 17th Infantry. 


Henry, Thomas, 


** 


17, 


'64 


January, 17, 1865, " 


COMPANY I. 










James A. Mills. C. 


Jan. 


2 


'64 


May 30. 1865 ; expiration of service. 


William McGregor, M., 


Dec, 


11,' 


'63 


September 3. 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Bedar. Josiah. 








Reclaimed as a deserter. 


Benner. Thomas J., 


Sept. 


5, 


'64 


June 29. 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Bowen. Alfred. 


Dec. 


11, 


'63 


'■ 17.1865; do 


Brooks. Nathaniel N., 








December 28. 1863; rejected recruit. 


Chappell. Albert W., 


Sept. 


3. 


'64 


•June 26. 1865 : expiration of service. 


Dunster. Jason A., 


Dec. 


11, 


,'63 


Deserted April IS. 1864. 


Gaynor. Michael. 


*• 






September 3. 1865 : expiration of service. 


Leavitt, Bonnett, 


" 


'/ 


Deserted January 1. 1864. 


Pratt, Louis G.. 


" 






July 12. 1865. 


Rich. Henry V.. 


" 




i 


December 23. 1863 ; rejected recruit. 


Richards. Leander. 


a 


" 


October 20. 1864 : disability. 


Samson. George W., 


" 






Died November 4. 1864. Portsmouth, Va. 


Staples. Edwin M., 


Jan. 


2, 


'64 


•' October 3. 1864. Andersonville. 


Webber, Christopher W.. 


Dec. 


11, 


'63 


Deserted July 4. 1865. 


Whitney. George W., 


*' 






Transferred January 17, 1865, to 17th Infantry. 


COMPANY li. 










M. T. Greenwood, Q.M.S.. 


Dec. 


22. 


'63 


September S, 1865 ; expiration of service 


Gill. John B.. 






• 


do 


Glazier. As.aph. 


Sept 


5, 


'64 


June 6. 1865; do 


Kennedy. Thomas, 


Dec. 


22, 


'63 


September 3. 1865; do 


Stratton, Philip D., 


*' 




' 


" •' do 


COMPANY M. 










Cutting. Clark C. 


Cf 


24. 


'63 


do 


Whiting, Jonathan W., 


Sept 


5, 


'W 


Transferred January 17. 1865. lo 17th Infantry. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 
THIRD REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 



539 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


COMPANY A. 

Norton, Philip, 


Jan. 10, '63 


COMPANY B. 

Baker, James, 
Burdick. Benjamin F., 
Maxim, David, jr., 


Jan, 2, '65 


COMPANY K. 

Dan'I W. Purrington, C, 


May 30, '64 


COMPANY M. 

Hitchcock, Henry M., 


June 3, '64 



Remarks. 



Deserted August 5, 1863, 



Septemher 18, 1865; expiration of service, 

" do 

Died March 18, 1865. 



September 18, 1865 ; expiration of service, 
June 27, 1864 ; rejected recruit. 



FOURTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— ONE YEAR. 



COMPANY D. 














Evander T. Rawson, 8., 


Aug 


. 19, '64 


June 


17, 


1865 ; 


expiration of service. 


Wm. H. Taylor, Q. M. S., 


" 


18, " 


" 




" 


do 


Francis J. Avery, S., 


" 


9, " 


u 




<i 


do 


Edwin L. Dodge, S., 


" 


18, " 


" 




i< 


do 


John J. O'Gorman, S., 


" 


22, " 


" 




• ' 


do 


Wheelock T. Putnam, S., 


" 


23, " 


(( 




It 


do 


Luther W. Strong, S., 


11 


25, " 


'< 




i( 


do 


Henry F. Taylor, S., 


" 


24, " 


" 




" 


do 


Joseph B. Brooks, C, 


" 


22, " 


" 




• i( 


do 


Elbridge Chapman, 0., 


June 18, '64 


I( 




<( 


do 


Samuel H. Cook, C., 


" 


" 


" 




>( 


do 


Ephraim L. Drury, C, 


11 


23, " 


" 




« 


do 


Charles F. Fairbanks, C, 


a 


20, " 


" 




«i 


do 


Edward F. Harrington, C, 


a 


18, " 


" 




" 


do 


Waldo M. Harrington, C, 


" 


u 


1( 




<< 


do 


Rufus A. Lackey, C., 


<i 


u 


" 




'1 


do 


George W, Moore, C, 


a 


20, " 


November 


10. 1864 


furnished substitute. 


Edward K. Scavey, C., 


" 


18, " 


June 


17, 


1865 ; 


expiration of service. 


Henry C. Storrs, C, 


" 


20, " 


" 




(1 


do 


Daniel A. Tourtellotte, C, 


" 


18, " 


" 




<c 


do 


Atkins, Williara W., 


" 


'' 


" 




" 


do 


Barrett, Lyman B., 


u 


9, " 


" 




II 


do 


Batchelder, James W, R., 


" 


" 


" 




" 


do 


Beals, Edwin C, 


" 


18, " 


" 




<i 


do 


Bemis. Amasa, 


" 


" 


" 




11 


do 


Blake, Henry B., 


" 


22 " 


" 




11 


do 


Brown, .John B., 


Aug 


20^ '64 


" 




11 


do 


BuUard, Francis R., 




18, " 


" 




'1 


do 


Buss, Alfred P., 


" 


20, " 


" 




11 


do 


Carpenter, George A., 


" 


9, " 


" 




« 


do 


Carpenter, Lewis 8., 


" 


18, " 


May 


25, 




do 


Carroll, John, 


" 


23, " 


June 


17, 




do 


Church, Pulaski M., 


" 


18, " 


'< 




" 


do 


Coburn, William L., 


" 


23, " 


" 




" 


do 


Cole, Martin, 


" 


18, " 


" 




11 


do 


Comer. Thomas, 


" 


• ' 


a 




II 


do 


Connor, Chaiiin, 


" 


23, " 


" 




1' 


do 


Crawford, Frederic G., 


(( 


18, " 


" 




" 


do 


Crow, James, 


" 


23 " 


" 




11 


do 


Curtis, Harrison W., 


" 


18! " 


" 




11 


do 


Cutler, Charles, 


'< 


'' 


'< 




11 


do 


Davis, Henry A., 


" 


u 


i( 




«' 


do 


Dean, Paul G., 


" 


" 


u 




IC 


do 


DeCamp, Felix, 


" 


it 


" 




(C 


do 


DivoU, John H., 


a 


22, " 


II 




" 


jlo 


Drake, Benjamin A., 


" 


18, " 


" 




11 


do 


Dufly, Andrew, 


u 


20, " 


" 




II 


do 


Durkins. James, 


(< 


23, " 


II 




11 


do 


Edwards, John S., 


" 


24, " 


" 




11 


do 


Farnsworth, Benj. S., 


« 


9, " 


" 




1< 


do 


Fay, Charles W., 


" 


19, " 


11 




II 


do 



540 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



FOURTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— ONE YEAR.— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY D.— CON. 

Foley, Morris, 
Foster, Chai-les A., 
Francis, Converse, 
Freeman, Josiah G,, 
Gallagher, John, 
Gan'in, James, 
Gilmore Peter, 
Goggin, Edward, 
Goodspeed, Charles, 
Green, John, 
Hall, Josejih L., 
Hathaway, Calvin M., 
Henry, Charles F., 
Hine, Jerc M., 
Hinsdale, Lewis, 
Howe, Leander, 
Hubbard, Andrew D., 
Kennedy, David, 
Kirr, John, 
Lahan, Patrick, 
Lakenian, Eben H., 
Lancaster, Edwin O., 
Laverty, James F., 
Lavcrty, Robert M., 
Laverty, William H., 
Lawton, George J., 
Livingston, John, 
Lowell, Henry C., 
Lynch, Michael A., 
Marey. Charles D., 
Mathews, Albert H., 
Mathews, Ambrose, 
Mathews, William, 
Maynard, Malcom W., 
Maynard, Wnilam L., 
MeTiernan. James, 
Miller, Joseph, 
Miller, -John H., 
Morse, Everett A., 
Morse, Henry C., 
Mnnroe, Newton, 
Murray, Keran, 
Muzzy, Franklin A., 
Norcross, Andrew D., 
Paige. Charles W., 
Peabody, Henry A., 
Phelan, Francis, 
Ring. San ford B., 
Roberts, Milo B., 
Sawtelle, Francis K., 
Seavey. Charles L., 
Sears, Philander F., 
Shannon, John J., 
Sheldon, Charles M., 
Shute, Charles, 
Sinclair, Armour S., 
Smith, Aaron, 
Smith, Wm. H. H., 
Stahl, George H., 
Staples, Wallace, 
Stockman. Artemas, 
Stohl, Willi.am B., 
Stratton, Samuel W., 
Sullivan, Jeremiah, 
Taft. William W., 
Tatman, Charles, 
T.aylor, Erastus R., 
Thomson, Edwin, 



Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


Aug. 20, '64 


June 


17, 1865 


• expiration of service. 


" 18, " 


" 


« 




do 


" 18. " 


i( 


ii 




do 


" 19, " 


(I 


" 




do 


" 22 " 


K 


11 




do 


" 23', " 


" 


If 




do 


" 18, " 


" 


ff 




do 


" 18, " 


l( 


" 




do 


" 25, " 


l( 


li 




do 


" 18, " 


" 


<i 




do 


" 19, " 


II 


tc 




do 


" 24, " 


l( 


" 




do 


" 18, " 


" 


II 




do 


" 20, " 


" 


a 




do 


" 18, " 


<' 


" 




do 


" 18, " 


a 


i( 




do 


" 18, " 


" 


" 




do 


" 19, " 


" 


" 




do 


" 23, " 


" 


If 




do 


" 18, " 


II 


" 




do 


" 25, " 


" 


11 




do 


" 19, " 


II 


« 




do 


1< ^^u" 

11 It 


(t 


i< 




do 
do 
do 


" 22, " 


ti- 


11 




do 


u ^\" 


ll 
II 

<( 


i( 

fC 




do 
do 
do 


a' u 


(( 






do 
do 


(( <i 


i( 


" 




do 


11 i( 


" 


(f 
<f 




do 
do 


" i< 


a 


^t 




do 


" " 


" 


a 




do 


" 22, " 


" 


a 




do 


<" '^^h " 


(1 


« 




do 
do 


" 20, " 


a 


f( 




do 


" 22, " 


(1 


it 




do 


" 23, " 


<i 


(f 




do 


" 9, " 


" 


« 




do 


" 23, " 


it 


• » 




do 


" 18, « 


" 


(C 




do 


" 23, « 


(( 


" 




do 


" 18, " 


If 


(C 




do 
do 


" " 


« 


ff 




do 


" 23, •' 


(1 


f< 




do 


" 18, " 


II 


ff 




do 


" 20, " 


<( 


ff 




do 


« 18, " 


II 


It 




do 


" 23, '• 


" 


" 




do 


" 18, " 


<( 


ff 




do 


" 22, " 


u 


11 




do 


" 18. " 
11 11 


11 


(f 
ff 




do 
do 
do 


" 20, " 


" 


« 




do 


" 18, " 


II 


ff 




do 


Jan. 3, '65 


" 


" 




do 


Aug. 23, '64 


Died September 7, 


1864, Galloupe's Island. 


" 18, " 


June 


17, 1866 ; 


expiration 


of service. 


" 20. " 


!i 


II 




do 
do 


u ^®'<" 


<< 


II 




do 
do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 54I 

FOURTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— ONE YEAR.-Continued. 



Names. 



COSIPANT D.— CON. 

Thompson, Samuel L., 
Tompkins, Horace, 
Townsciifl, Charles F., 
Tuck, Charles H., 
Vinton, Emerson D., 
Walker, AsaV., 
Ward, James B., 
Warren, William H., 
Whiting, Charles W., 
Whittemore, George S., 
Whitehouse, James, 
Williams, Charles, 
Winder, Matthew, 
Young, Joseph, 

COMPANY E. 

Justin E. Abbott. C, 
Henry J. Flagg, C, 
John H. Talbot, C, 
Aldrich, John M., 
Bullard, Augustus H., 
Connor, Joseph, 
Ferguson, James, 
Fitzgerald, James, 
Hall, Charles A., 
Keegan, John, 
Laverty, John R., 
Lavin, Martin, 
Locke. Thomas M., 
Loughlin, John, 
MuHen, John, 
O'Connors, Jerry, 
Randall, John, 
Sheppard, Melvin, 
Willett, Peter, 

COMPANY F. 

Addison W. Toby, S., 
Beniamin Carrico, 8., 
Eli B. Fairbanks, S., 
George W. Barton, C., 
Augustus Brigham, C, 
William R. Drake, C, 
Michael Foley, C., 
Frank Nye, C., 
Dudley Williams, C, 
Howard J. Winns, C, 
George F. Harwood, M., 
George C. Taft, M., 
A. C. Bennett, A., 
Asli, Zebulon, 
Babbitt, Samuel F., 
Barker, Josiah S., 
Blanchard, Edward, 
Bower, Lyman W., 
Brigham, James H., 
Brigham, Oren W., 
Buckland, Hiram, 
Curley, James, 
Cutler, Frank, 
Cutler, George E., 
Daniels, Bynjn, 
Daniels, James, 
Flynn, John, 
Galligan, Peter J., 
Gazette, Christopher, 
Grady, John, 
Green, William H., 



Date of. 
Muster 








Remarks. 




Aug. 23, '64 


June 


17 


1865 ; 


expiration 


of ser^'ice. 


" 18, " 


" 


5, 


" 




do 


" 23, " 


" 


17, 


'1 




do 


** 22, '* 


*' 




u 




do 
do 


" 20, " 


i( 




It 




do 
do 


" 18, " 


it 




« 

•1 
II 
i( 




do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


« 23, " 


II 




(1 




do 


" 17, " 


11 




II 




do 


u ^\ " 


u 




■ 1 




do 
do 


!! 16, " 


i( 




(C 

<l 




do 
do 


" 1.5, " 


" 




<( 




do 


" 16, " 


II 




« 




do 


" 12, " 


" 




II 




do 


" 19, " 


'< 




■1 




do 


" 17, '<■ 


" 




11 




do 


" 24, " 


II 




11 




do 


" 12, " 


u 




II 
II 




do 
do 


" 23, " 


l< 




" 




do 


" 12, " 


(1 




<l 




do 


" 16, " 


(I 




(1 




do 



12, " 
19, " 
23, " 



15, " 



24, " 
15, " 



23, " 

15, " 

II 

24, " 



February 21, 1865; disability. 
June 17, 1865 ; expiration of service.. 
" do 



» 










do 


II 
II 

II 




i< 






do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


Died December 26, 


1864, 


Dangerfield Hospital, Va 


June 


17 


1865 ; 


expiration 


of service. 

do 

do 


II 










11 










do 


<i 










do 


" 










do 


II 










do 



542 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



FOrKTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY.— OIST: YEAR. -Continued. 



Names. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY F. — CON. 
Hancock. Charles X., 
Hazlehur^t, .Joseph, 
Henrv. Casmer, 
Hill. Albert, 
Holland. George A., 
Irish. TVilliam, 
Ladoux, Ezra 8., 
Lloyd, George E., 
Moore. William, 
Murphy. Michael, 
Pase. iTelson, 
Perkins. William P., 
Pratt, Henry, 
Regan. Timothy, 
Robinson. George S., 
Ross. Charles W., 
Rogers. Richard, 
Santon. Joseph P., 
Seaver. Milton A.. 
Shaw, Channcey C., 
Smith, Charles. 
Stetson, William W., 
St. Johns, Clement, 
Stone. Charles D., 
Sullivan, Andrew, 
Willard, Cephas, 
Willard. Charles L., 
Willis, Cyrus A., 



Aug. 15, '64 

" 19, 

" 15, 

a (c 

" 24, 

" 15, 

(( a 

" 18, 

" 20, 

" 15. 



19, 



June 17, 1865 ; 



22, 
24, 
15, 



expiration of service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 

November 7, 1864; disability. 
Deserted September 8. 1864. 
June 17. 1865; expiration of service. 
November 7, 1864; disability. 
Jime 17, 1865 : expiration of service, 
do 
" do 

do 
" do 

" do 

do 
" do 

" do 



TWENTY-NINTH UNATTACHED COMPANY HEAVY ARTILLERY.— ONE YEAR. 



Breene. Patrick. 


Sept. 10, 


'64 June 


16. 


1865 ; 


expiration of 


service. 


Lavertv. William H., 


•• 14, 


'• 


" 




" 


do 




Powers. Lawson S., 


" 12. 


" 


" 




" 


do 




Rail. John. 


" 23. 


'• 


" 




" 


do 





FIRST BATTALION HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS. 


COMPA2JY A. 














Abbott, George W., 


Feb. 


21, '65 


October 


20, 1865; expiraUon 


of 


service. 


Alger. William E., 


'• 


18, •• 


ii 


" 


do 




Ball. William H.. 


•' 


10, '63 


" 


i( 


do 




Bartlett. Charles A., 


'•' 


16. '65 


(( 


11 


do 




Bowley, John. 


" 


17, •' 


it 


<( 


do 




Driscoll. Comehus J., 


" 


21, 'V 


« 


•' 


do 




Gerrity. Michael, 


" 


16, " 


" 


a 


do 




Harradon, Melvin E., 


Feb. 


22, '65 


" 


" 


do 




Irish. Isaac F., 


>< 


'' 


" 


(( 


do 




Lynch, James, 


<' 


18, " 


u 


C( 


do 




Smith, Henry H., 


" 


22, " 


" 


a 


do 




COMPAJTY B. 














Hamilton, George, 


Oct. 


25, '62 


Deserted January 26, 1863. 






COMPANY C. 














Whittier, Napoleon B., 


Feb. 


9, '65 


October 


20, 1865; expiration 


of 


service. 


COMPANY D. 














Hines, Alfred B., 


June 


6, '63 


September 12, 1865; 


do 




Johnson. .John E., 


" 


" 


>• 


u 


do 




Kiernan. John V.. 


Feb. 


20. '65 


" 


" 


do 




O'Connor. William, 


June 


6. '63 


« 


" 


do 




Von Williams, Alfred, 


" 


" 


Deserted 


September 20, 1863. 






COMPANY P. 














Jairus B. Lamb, S., 


Aug. 


11, '64 


Jtme 28 


, 1865 ; expiration 


of 


service. 


William H. Stowe, S., 


" 


15._ " 


" 


« 


do 




Charles 0. Arnold. C, 






a 


" 


do 




George M. Pierce, C, 


" 




" 


" 


do 





THE ROLL OF HONOR. 543 

FIRST BATTALION HEAVY ARTILLERY.— THREE YEARS.— CONTINDED. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY F.— CON. 














Wm. H. Vanoi-man, C., 


Aug. 


15, '64 


June 


28, 1865 ; 


expiration 


of service. 


Wm. D. Parker, A., 


'' 


" 








do 


Adams, Charles, 


" 


(( 








do 


Boyden, Joshua N., 


" 


" 








do 


Butlerworth, John L., 


" 


" 








do 


Carey, Isaac H., 


" 


" 








do 


Dawes, Frederick 8., 


(( 


" 








do 


Deimlson, Charles, 


" 


" 








do 


Dodge, Charles, 


" 


" 








do 


Edwards, Henry F., 


" 


" 








do 


Fay, Charlea B., 


" 


" 








do 


Fay, Eugene D., 


" 


" 








do 


Gouldirig, John C. 


" 


" 








do 


Harrington. Isaac E., 


" 


" 








do 


Hardy, James, 


" 


" 


Returned to 3rd New York Volunteers as deserter. 


Harris..Manton, 


" 


" 


June 


28, 1865 ; 


expiration 


of service. 


Hawley, John, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Hutchinson, Lewis K,, 


" 


<' 




•' 




do 


Jackson, Addison C, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Jenks, Thomas, 


" 


a 




« 




do 


Johnson. Carew, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Knight, Julius F., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Knox,, Jerome B., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Lamb, William T., 


" 


13, " 




" 




do 


Lynch, Thomas, 


u 


15, " 




(t 




do 


Morse. Simeon B., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Newcount. James, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Overend, Samuel, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Parker, Joel K., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Rand, Charles H.. 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Richards, Levi W., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Sampson, William H., 


" 


" 




(( 




do 


Sawyer, Byron P., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Sawyer, John G., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Sheehan, Tobias, 


Feb. 


6, '65 




24, 




do 


Stockwell. Loring 8., 


Aug 


15, '64 




28,;^ 




do 


Utley, John L., 


" 


" 








do 


Vining, Albion L., 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Wilson, William, 


(( 


iC 




" 




do 


CNAS.SIGNED RECRUITS. 














Ballon, Franklin M., 


Feb. 


20, '65 


" 


24,_ 




do 


Barnes. Myron E., 


" 


21, " 


" 






do 


Dunn, Patrick, 


" 


18, " 


" 


" 




do 


Murtagh. Francis, 


" 


21, " 


«' 


" 




do 


Walker. Charles L., 


(( 


17, " 


Deserted December 12, 1865. 





FIRST REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 










Connor, William, 


Jan. 


5, '64 


June 26, 1864 ; expiration of sei-vice 


la Co. B. 


Mahoney, Dennis, 2d, 


Bept. 


28, '64 


" 6, " do 




Putnam, Willard R., 


Jan. 


5, '64 


" 26, " do 




Willard, Charles S., 


" 


" 


Aug. 30, " do 




COMPANY C. 










Jones, Alfred P., 


Sept. 


23, '61 


Oct. 3. " do 




COMPANY F. 










Easterbrooks, James C, 


Oct. 


10, '61 


Died of wounds, July 21, 1864. 




Wright, Roscoe G. G., 


Jan. 


5, '64 


Transferred April 27, 1864, to Navy. 




COMPANY H. 










Goud, Clarkson, 


Jan. 


3, '65 


June 26, 1865 ; expiration of 


service. 


James, William H., 


" 


" 


do 




Tiernay, Matthew, 


Dec. 


1, '64 


" " do 




Walker, Joseph, 


Jan. 


3, '65 


do 




Whittemore, Nathan W., 


" 


" 


'« do 





544 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

FIRST REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY K. 

Swain. Charles B., 
SuUivcan, Thomas A., 

COMPANY M. 

Browning, Charles D. S., 

CNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Wakefleld, Ellas B., 



Date of 
Muster. 



Oct. 23. '61 
Dec. 29, '63 



Jan. 14, '64 
June IS, '64 



Remarks. 



July 29, 1862; disability. 

June 26, 1865 ; expiration of service in Co. A. 



Sergeant Major. 

July 25, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



SECOND REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 














Gkirdeth, John, 


Feb. 21, '65 


July 20, 1865 ; 


expiration 


of 


service. 


Hannaford, Russell J., 


Feb. 17, '65 


" " 






do 




Monahan, Peter, 


Mar. 6, '65 


" " 






do 




Moore, Edwin C, 


2, '• 


II II 






do 




McCormick, Michael, 


July 9, '63 


Deserted October 9, 1863. 






Morrissej', William, 


Jan. 13, '63 


" February 14, 


1863. 






Smith, John F., 


Apr. 16, '63 


July 19 


,1863 








COMPANY C. 














Biggs, Henry, 


Nov. 5, '64 


July 20, 1865 


expiration 


of 


service. 


Brooks, John, 


" " 


" " 






do 




Coyle, James, 


Feb. 16, '65 


II II 






do 




Lewis, Charles, 


" " 


II II 






do 




Maloncy, William, 


" 18, " 


August 1, " 






do 




McNiff, John, 


11 II 


July 20, " 






do 




COMPANY D. 














Cleary, Daniel, 


Feb. 7, '65 


11 11 






do 




Dinan, Dennis D., 


Sept. 14, '64 


June 17, " 






do 




McPick Bernard, 


Feb. 4, '65 


July 20, " 






do 




Sullivan, Patrick, 


Mar. 15, '65 


" " 






do 




Webber, George W., 


Oct. 8, '61 


Transferred November 28, 1863, 


to V. R. e. 


COMPANY E. 














Broderick, Benjamin, 


Nov. 29, '64 


July 20, 1865 ; 


ex 


piration 


of 


service. 


Fay. Waldo L., 


Sept. 3, " 


June 18, " 






do 




Lincoln, George E., 


Feb. 23, '65 


July 20, " 






do 




COMPANY F. 














Glancy, Patrick, 


" 17, '63 


11 li 






do 




Kennedy, Patrick, 


Mar. 6, '65 


II II 






do 




Leonard, Thomas, jr., 


Sept. 6, '64 


II i< 






do 




McCann, Henry, 


Jan. 3, '65 


II II 






do 




Mowry, Lilley D., 


Mar. 7, " 


II II 






do 




Toomey, Cornelius, 


" 15„ " 


11 II 






do 




Welch, Joseph W., 


Sept 3, '64 


June 17, " 






do 




COMPANY G. 














Holbrook. Henry E., 


Mar, 6, '65 


July 20, '< 






do 




Keefe, John, 


" " 


11 II 






do 




Lawton, John, 


" 12, '64 


Deserted August, 1864. 








Murphy, James W., 


" 9, '65 


August 7, 1865 ; ej 


piration of service 




Smith, Oliver A., 


Feb. 18, '64 


Died December 6 


1864 


Salisbury, N 


C. 


COMPANY H. 














Duvall, Philip, 


June 20, '63 


July 20, 1865 


ex 


piration 


of 


service. 


Goslin, Lewis A., 


Mar. 7, '65 


11 11 






do 




Hoyl Alfred R., 


" 22, " 


11 11 






do 




Hughes. John, 


June 20, '63 


Transferred. 1863, 


to V 


R. C. 






Reed, Henry, 


" 16, '64 


Deserted October 


4, 1864. 






Scott, Charles A., 


It a 


June 6, 1865; expi 


ration of service. 




Shauley, George, 


" 20, '63 


Deserted June 22, 


1863. 









THE ROLL- OF HONOR. 



545 



SECOND REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Mu.ster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY I. 










Jesse E. Hunt, C, 


Feb. 


10 


'63 


Died November 18, 1864, Savannah, Ga. 


Curran. John, 


>' 


16, 


'65 


July 20. 1865; expiration of service. 


Damon, Franklin E., 


a 


10, 


'63 


February 17. 1865; disability. 


Lcroux, Lewis, 


" 




' 


Deserted February 15, 1863. 

July 20, 1865; expiration of service. 


O'Connell, Patrick, 


Mar. 


25, 


'64 


COMPANY K. 










Backer, August, 


June 10. 


'64 


Deserted July 15, 1864. 


Blackburn, Charles, 


Jan. 


26, 


'63 


February 10. 1863. 


Dean. James, 


" 


' 




" August 2, 1863. 


Donnelly, Patrick, 


" 


' 




Returned Aug. 1. 1863, to 1st R. I. Cav. as deserter. 


Donnellv, William, 


" 


' 




Deserted February 11, 1863, 


Fegan, William, 


" 


' 




7, " 


Goodell. Joseph L., 


u 


' 




" " " 


McGrauh, James, 


u 


' 




Killed July 12. 1864, Tenallytown, Md. 


McGrauh. Thomas, 


" 


' 




Deserted August 12, 1863. 


Powers. Richard, 


" 


' 




February 20, 1863. 


Reynolds. George, 


" 


< 




" " 26. 1863. 


Scott. Charles. 


Aug. 


5, 


'64 


July 20, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Sellinger, William F., 


Jan. 


26, 


'63 


Deserted August 2, 1863. 


COMPANY L. 










Ormsbee, Almon, 


Feb. 


21, 


'65 


July 20, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


COMPANY M, 










Daley. Edward. 


Feb. 


9, 


'65 


« « do 


Drc-skr, Fairfield, 


" 


' 




Auurust 2, " do 


Hall. Thomas O.. 


" 


7, 


" 


July 20, " do 


Hunting. Joseph W., 


Mar. 


20, 


" 


<' do 


Shorey, Frank P., 


Feb. 


21, 


" 


" " do 


CNAPSIGNED RECRCITS. 










Carrington, John R., 


May 


31, 


'64 


June 27, 1864; disability. 


Faulk.Frcderick, 


June 


23, 


" 


July 16, " 


Gillman, John E., 


Feb. 


8, 


'65 


May 6, 1865; expiration of service. 


Goodnow. 8ilas, 


Aug. 


n. 


'64 


September 21, 18G4; dis.ability. 


Hewitt. Elijah, 


Feb. 


18, 




February 26, 1864; rejected recruit. 


Kelly, Hugii, 


Sept. 


10, 


"• 


October 1, 1864; disability. 


iSmith. Edwin M., 


Feb. 


15, 


'65 


April 28, 1865; rejected recruit. 


Smith. George R., 


Sept. 


2, 


'64 




Warren, Frank, 


Nov. 


5, 


" 




Wilmarth. James, 


Feb. 


17, 


u 


February 17, 1864; rejected recruit. 



THIRD REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY 0. 








Hickey, Patrick, 


Jan. 27, 


'64 


August 18, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


COMPANY D. 








James D. Chapman, C., 


Sept. 6, 


'62 


Transferred to V. R. C. 


COMPANY E. 








Babbitt, Lewis, 


Jan, 4, 


'64 


September 23, 1864. 


CAMPANY H. 








Pethie, William, 


Oct. 27, 


'62 


May 20, 1865; expiration of service. 


COMPANY M. — ONE YEAR. 








Barber. Charles A., 
Hill, George W. A., 


Dec. 31, 


'64 


August 8, 1865 ; expiration of ser\-ice. 
September 28, 1865 ; do 


UN.\8SIGNED RECRUITS. 








Brown, Joseph, 
McCarthy, Michael, 


June 29, 
Jan. 27, 


'64 

« 


January 31, 1864; rejected recruit. 



35 



54^ WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

FOURTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY C. 














John Wolch. 8., 


Jan. 


6, '64 


Deserted Octoher 19 


, 1864. 




Burns. .John. 




" 


Novemhcr 14. 


1865; 


expiration of service. 


Hale, Warren R., 


a 


(( 


Transferred June 1, 


1864, to Navy. 


COMPANY D. 














Eaton. Joseph P., 


Jan. 


3, '65 


November 1' 


, 1865 


; expiration of service. 


Herman, Otto, 




'' 


" 


II 




do 


COMPANY E. 














Andrew S. Bond, C, 


Jan. 


27, '64 


It 


II 




do 


Wentworth, Flavius J., 


'* 


** 


a 


*' 




do 


■ COMPANY F. 














Latham Burt, B., 


" 


" 


ii 


i( 




do 


Martin, John, 


" 


" 


tt 


a 




do 


Smith, Horatio M., 


" 


" 


it 


(1 




do 


Wilson, Henry J., 


" 


" 


a 


II 




do 


Wilson, Thomas H., 


a 


" 


a 


i( 




do 


Winch, John W., 


a 


a 


i( 


(1 




do 


COMPANY G. 














Franlvlin H. Clark, S., 


" 


" 


II 


11 




do 


Theodore C. Davis, S., 


i( 


II 


" 


" 




do 


John Sweeney, jr., C, 


" 


" 


II 


IC 




do 


Belden. Charles R., 


" 


" 


II 


II 




do 


Bunting, John, 


" 


" 


" 


" 


expiration 


of service as abeent. 


Carr. Eugene, 


" 


" 


II 


" 


expiration 


of service. 


Dix, Oscar B.. 


(( 


IC 


II 


IC 




do 


Khig. James M., 


i( 


" 


June 3. 


" 




do 


Young, Samuel, 


Dec. 


7, '64 


November 14, 


" 




do 


COMPANY K. 














Hynes, Edward, 


Sept. 


22, '64 


May 22, 


" 




do 


Scriven, Edward, 


Nov. 


14, '64 


November 14, 


" 




do 


Welsh, William, 


Sept. 


30, '64 


" 


cc 




do 



FIFTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPAl^Y A. 












James S. Raymond, S., 


May 


11, 


'64 


October 31, 1865 ; expiration of service. 




Smith, Joseph C., 




12, 




" do 




Carpenter, James, 


" 


' 




" - do 




Mason, John, 


" 


c 




June 4, " do 




COMPANY B. 












Bazzcl C. Barker, S., 


Jan. 


29, 


'64 


October 31, 1865; expiration of service in Co 


M. 


Adams, William, 


May 


12, 


'' 


'• '' expiration of service. 




Dangerfield, Robert, 




' 




" « do 




Shepard, Alfred, 


Jan. 


29, 


'64 


« « do 




Sherwood, Lloyd, 


May 


13, 


" 


" " do 




Smith, William, 




12, 


" 


" « do 




COJtPANY C. 












Pratt, Reuben B., 


" 


11, 


" 


October 18, 1864; disabiUty. 




COMPANY D. 












Henry G. Garner, &.. 


Jan. 


29, 


'64 


Died November 5, 1865, New Orleans. 




Alfred Hill, F., 


" 


« 




October 31, 1865 : expiration of service. 




Gant, William H., 


May 


13, 


" 


<> " do 




Johnson, Lewis, 


June 


2 


ii 


" " do 




Newton, Benjamin, 


May 


12^ 


" 


June 21, " do 




COMPANY E. 












Johnson, George, 


May 


31, 


" 


October 2], " do 




COMPANY F. 












Cheeseman, John, 


Feb. 


22. 


" 


Died July 9, 1864, Portsmouth, Va. 




Lewi.s, Jerome T., 


July 


9, 


" 


October 31, 1865; expiration of sei-vice. 





THE ROLL OF HONOR. 547 

FIFTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names, 



COMPANY n. 

Jacob B. Wilson, C., 
Bowman, Joseph E., 

COMPANY M. 

John W. Smith. C, 
Brown. Samuel, 
Curtis, James, 



Bate of. 
Muster 



Remarks. 



June 29, '04 October 31, 1S65 ; expiration of service. 
'• 21, " June 24, " do 



May 5, '64 
Jan. 3, '05 



Deserted September 27, 1865. 
October 31, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
" " do 



FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE! YEARS. 



COMPANY D. 

Matthews. John W., 



Aug. 15. '62|Transferred to 11th Infantry. 



SECOND REGIMENT INF^^JSrTRY.— THREE MONTHS. 



COMPANY A. 
Pehmeller, Richard, 

COMPANY D. 

Claffey, John, 

COMPANY F. 

Dumphrey, Edward, 

COMPANY H. 

O'Connell, John J., 

UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Budd. John H., 
Morton. John. 



July 21, '64 

Feb. 18, '65 

Nov. 10, '64 

May 25, '61, 

Nov. 10. '64 

May 5, '64 



Deserted August 15, 1864. 

July 14, 1865; expiration of service in Co. E. 

Deserted June 10, 1865. 

May 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

Never joined regiment. 



NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY B. 

Condon. Andrew, 
Howard, Martin, 
Thompson, Charles, 

COMPANY C. 

Maurice O'Donncll, C., 
Cullen, Michael, 
Fagan, Lawrence, 
Leonard, John, 

COMPANY F. 

Hynes, John, 

COMPANY G. 
Flynn, JohuM., 

COMPANY H. 

Thomas D. Mooney, M., 
Savage, John, 
Tobin, John, 

COMPANY I. 

Kelley, John, 



June 11, 
Nov. 30, 
June 11, 


'61 
u 


jj 


I 


ii 


« 


May 


16, 


'64 


June 


11, 


'61 


Oct. 


22, 


'63 


June 11, 


'61 



Killed June 27, 1862, Gaines' Mills. Va. 
Transferred June 9, 1804, to 32a Infantry. 
Killed July 1, 1862, Malvern Hill. 



June 21, 1864; espir.ation of service. 
October 1, 1862: disability. 
Novembers, 1802; disability. 
January 25, 1863; " 



August 18, 1862; disability. 

Transferred June 10, 1864, to 32d Infantry. 



Deserted September 18, 1863. 

'' Aueust 14, 1862. 
Transferred June 10, 1864, to 32d Infantry. 



Died November 16, 1861, Minor's Hill, Va. 



TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Powers, Nathaniel P., 

COMPANY I. 

Deady, Edward, 



June 21, '61 
Dec, 10, '63 



February 17, 1863; disability. 

Transferred Juue 20, 1864, to 37th Infantry. 



548 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



ELEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



Names. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY A. 
Parley, Philip, 
Hagan, Lawrence, 
McGlinn, John, 

COMPANY C. 

Adams, John H., 
Brewer, Edward J., 
Stribling, Erasmus D. 
Wilson, Charles H., 
Wilson, Everett J., 

COMPANY E. 

Darney, James, 
Toohey, James, 

COMPANY F. 

Brazzil, Patrick, 

COMPANY H. 

William H. Wells, 8., 
Matthews, John W., 
Wells, William H., 

COJIPANY K. 

Gaskin, William H., 



June 13, '61 
July 10, " 
June 13, " 



May 23, " 
June 13, " 

Aug. 4, '62 
June 13, '61 



Killed November 27, 1863, Mine Run, Va. 
June 24, 1864: expiration of service. 
January 31, 1862; disability. 



June 4, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" 24,1864; do 

Deserted November 29, 1862. 
1863, minority. 
Transferred January 14, 1864, to 10th Battery. 



June 24, 1864 ; expiration of service. 
" " do 



July 11, '64 



Dec. 29, '63 
Aug. 15, '62 
June 13, '61 



June 5, 1865; 



do 



May 16, 1865: do 

July 14, " do 

December 2S, 1863, to re-enlist. 



July 29, 1861; disability. 



TWELFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Bennett, James, 
Betts, Charles R., 

COMPANY B. 

Conners, James, 2d, 
Feenyd, David, 

COMPANY C. 

Claress, Alphonso, 
Kain, Isaac, 
Laragola, Peter, 
McRay, John, 
Murphy, Charles, 

COMPANY D. 

Leatch. Edmund C, 
Marteau, Ludovic, 
Mason, Daniel, 
Melvin, John, 
Miller, Henry, 
Morrill, David W., 
Morrill, Robert W., 

COMPANY E. 
Davis, Maynard O., 
Earle, Anthony, 
Shaw, George "W., jr., 

COMPANY' r. 

Gordon, Orange S., 
Nelson, John, 
Wall. Thomas W., 
Welch, Charles, 

COMPANY G. 

Cilley, Jasper L., 
Welch, David, 



July 25, '6; 
" 24, " 



July 25. '63 



" 24, 
" 25 



24, 



a 


( 




" 


25, 


" 


" 


11. 


'61 


June 
July 


26, 

11, 
13, 

14, 

25, 


'61 
'63 



5, '61 



Deserted November 16, 1863. 

Transferred June 25, 1864, to 39th Infantry. 



Deserted August 18, 1863. 
AprU 19, 1864. 



" August 30, 1863. 
Died May loT 1864, Spottsylvania. 
July 17, 1865; expiration of service. 
Deserted September 4, 1863. 

'' August 20, " 



Transferred June 25, 1864, to 39th Infantry. 

" " do 

Deserted August 21, 1863. 
" " 18, " 

Transferred June 25, 1864, to 39th Infantry. 
" " do 



February 12, 1863 ; disability. 
Transferred June 25, 1864, to 39th Infantry. 
" " do 



do 
do 
do 
do 



Deserted July 9, 1862. 
March 1, 1803 ; disability. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 549 

TWELFTH REGIMENT mPANTRY.-TDREE YEARS.-Oontinced. 



Names. 



COMPANY H. 

Smith, (icorge, 
Welch, Michael, 

COMPANY I. 

Adams, Ilciiry. 
Brannlgaii, Thomas, 
Doras, Charlea, 

COMPANY K. 
Duverbois, Emil, 
Meyer, lleuiy, 

I'NASSTGNED RECRUITS. 

Flynn, William, 
Goss, Thomas, 
Meyer, Christian, 
Miller, Charles, 
Troy, James P., 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



July 25, '63 Deserted August 18, 1863. 



Transferred April 19, 1864, to Navy. 
Deserted August 18, 1863. 



24, 
•25, 



" 24, " 

" 25, " 



Nov. 2, 



Deserted August 15, 1863. 



THIRTEENTa REGIMENT INFANTRY —THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 
Ham, Henry A., 

COMPANY B. 

Davis, William, 
Fink, John, 

COMPANY F. 

Schoen, Frederick, 

COMPANY I. 

Quinn, John, 
Sullivan, Thomas, 
Thompson, John, 

COMPANY K. 

Heath, Walter S. C, 
Parre, John, 
Treatast, Edmund, 

UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Rice, John, 




July 27, '63 1 Transferred July 14, 1864, to 39th Infantry. 

August 1, 1864; expiration of service. 
Transferred July 13, 1S64, to 39th Infantry. 

Missing since June 3, 1864. 



Deserted August 36, 1863. 
April 7, 181)4; disahility. 
Deserted August 16, 1863, 



Deserted April 10, 1864. 

Transferred April 20, 1864, to Dept. of N "W 

Deserted October 19, 1863. 



FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS. 



BAND. 

N. P. Goddard, Leader, 
Clark R. Bancroft, 
Paul Bauer, 
Andrew Fischer, 
William Fischer, 
William H. Folger, 
Hollis J. Haven, 
Albert W. Kelly, 
Robert Meade, 
Henry J. Murray, 
Charles H. Odlin, 
Frederick Page, 
John Riedl, 
Benjamin D. Ryan, 
Joseph Saner, 
George II. Smith, 
Christopher Specht, 
Edwin H. Spring, 



Aug. 5, '61 



August 8, 1862, order War Department. 

. " " do 

August 24, 1862 ; disability. 

" 8, " order W.ar Department. 
" do 

Died December 21, 1861. 
August 8, 1SG2, order War Department, 
do 
; " do 

" do 

" do 

;: " do 

do 
do 
do 
" do 

do 
do 



550 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



FTFTEENTH REGIMENT INFAKTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Contincbd. 



Names. 



COMPANY A. 

Richard L. Jewell, O., 
William D. Oakley, C, 
John D. Kane, M., 
Bacon, Frank, 
Barton, Charles H., 
Betterley, Edward S., 
Cook, George M., 
Gleason, Afbert H., 
Hubbard, Charles, 
Lalor, John H., 
Morrissey, John, 
Parmenter, John A., 
Regan, John O., 
Sturley. George W., 
AVatson, George II., 
Welsh, David, 
WTiite, Joseph H., 

COMPANY B. 
Eaton, Calvin J., 
Skerringtoii, John, 

COMPANT C. 

James K. Witham, B., 
Andrews. Edward A., 
Baker, Tompkins, 
Chambers, Hiram A., 
Coolidgo, Charles, 
Getcheil, Harlow D., 
Hamilton, Joseph A., 
Jameson, Calvin, 
Lowe, Albert W., 
Perkins, Charles G., 
Priest, Silas, 
Ware, Charles W., 
Winchester, Milo, 

COMPANY D. 

Benjamin D. Taft, S., 
George E. B.irnard, S., 
William H. Ford, S., 
Heiu'y Houghton, S., 
George G. Noyes, S., 
Edward A. Rice, S., 
Henry P. Baker, C., 
George W. FaiT, C, 
Camden M. Smith, C, 
Alger, WaiTcn A., 
Anderson, Edward, 
Anda-ews, Edwin F., 
Andrews, William H., 
Annington, Sannicl W., 
Bcmis, Charles H., 
Bemis, Henry N., 
liiekford, Thomas, 
Bielvford, W. S , 
Blake, Edwin E., 
Blodgett, William M., 
Bonzey, Charles P., 
Brigham, Louis, 
Butterlield, Mitchell, 
Cliilds, George G., 
Cobb, Andrew S., 
Coney, Barney, 
Crojnac, James B., 
Cumings, Stillman L., 
Daniels, James, 
Defose, Charles L.. 
DivoU, Jolm H., 



Date of 
Muster. 



Aug. 

July 
Mar. 
July 
Aug. 
July 
Aug. 

July 



Aug. 
July 
Aug. 



6, '62 



July 30, '61 
Jan. 9, >62 



July 12, '61 



Feb. 5, 
July 12, 



Aug, 25. 
July 12, 



Jan. 25, 
July 12, 
Jan. 3, 
July 12, 

ti i 
Mar. 1, 

July 12, 



Feb. 18, 
.Jan. 16, 
July 12, 

Mar. 14, 
July 12, 



Remarks. 



July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 
Killed July 3, 1863, Gettysburg. 
Transferred July 27, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 
April 22, 1S62; promotion, N. Y. Regiment. 
Transferred July 27, 1864, to 20tb Infantry. 

" " do 

Transferred to V. R. C. 
May 25, 1863; Hospital Steward. 
January 23, 1863; disability. 
August 6, 1861; " 

Died February 16, 1864, Worcester. 
August 6, 1861 ; disability. 
Transferred August 7, 1863, to V. R. C. 
July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 
Transferred July 22, 1804, to 20th Infantry. 
May 16, 1864, to V. R. C. 

" October 26, 1863, " 



Killed July 4, 1863, Gettysburg. 

Died July 29, 1862, Point Lookout, Md. 



July 11, 1864; espirationof service. 
August 6, 1861 ; disability. 

Killed September 17, 1862, Antietam. 

Died of wounds October 14, 1862. 
February 18, 1863; disability. 
\ugust G, 1861 ; '' 

'■ 6,1862; " 

November 17, 1862; " 



August 6, 1861 ; 



Died, Salisbury, N.C., January 15, 1862. 
Killed at Petersburg, June 22, 1864. 
'64 Tramferred July 27, 1864, to 20th Infantry, 
do. 

April 22, 1868; (Usability. 

Quartermaster Sergeant, December 8, 1863. 

November 14, 1864. 
'61 Transferred July 27, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 
'61 September 21. 18C2; disability. 

Transf. July 27, 1864, to 2i)Urinf 'try; re-enlisted. 

DeceiaberSO, 1802; disability. 
'62 Disability, Dec. 30. 1862. 
'61 Died of disease February 27, 1862. 
'62 March 26, 1865; expiration of ser\ice. 
'61 [Light Art., U.S.A., Nov. '62; ex. of serv. July 28, '64. 

.Light Art., U.S.A., Nov. '62; ex. of serv. July 28, '64, 

'Deserted August 1, 1862. 



Disability, December, 1862. 

Mortally" wounded, Fair O.aks, 1862. 

Killcd,'Fair Oaks, Mav 31, 1862. 

Discharged, July 28, 1864. 

FebruaiT 3, 1803; disability. 

Transferred, July 27, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 

Transferred, January 9, 1802, to Navy. 

Died, April 12, 1862, at Hilton He.td. 

Died of wounds, Antietam, September 17, 1862. 

August 19, 1861, to enlist in 19tb Infantry. 

Killed, October 21, 1861; Ball's Bluff . 

July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

Disability. 

September 21, 1862 ; disability. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



551 



FIFTEENTH KEGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE TEARS.— Continned. 



Names. 



COMPANY D.— CON. 

Downs, Oscar, 
Ea:le, Anthony, 
Eaton, Francis W., 
Fay, Eugene L.. 
Finnej'. Ralph T., 
Fitch, Charles M.. 
Ford, William H., 
Freeman. Joseph, 
Fuller, Henry, 
Gilman, William L., 
Gleason, Milan, 
Goddard, Luther D., 
Gouldiiig, Edward, 
Green. Charles A., 
Greenleaf, Levi C., 
Hannant, Richard L., 
Harris, Ehen, 
Head, Charles, 
Henry, Harlan, 
Hologin, Michael, 
House. Benjamin D., 
Houghton, Henry, 
Jordan, E. D., 
Kneeland, James H., 
Knight, Frank, 
Lamb, Jeremiah B., 
Leland, Edson T., 
Logue, John 8., 
Maple, Frederick T., 
MeCambridge, F., 
McCuran, I'eter, 
McDonald, John, 
Mc-rrifield, J'rank H., 
Mirick, Walton M., 
Morey, John, 
Newton, Oliver W., 
Noyes. Francis H., 
Cakes, Olivers., 
Odiin, Willis H.. 
Owen, Leander J., 
Parsons. George. 
Peacock, James F., 
Pierce, Edward L., 
Pierce, E. W., 
Pierce, Joseph F., 
Pollinger, Frank, 
Putnam, George S., 
Ratigan, Patrick. 
Richardson, John A., 
Slater, Samuel, 
Smith, Alfred F., 
Smith, Eli L.. 
Smith, John W., 
Sprague. Amos. 
Stafford, John F.. 
Sholes, Charles H., 
Sylvester, G. M., 
Taylor, James. 
Thompson, J. B., 
Train, Christopher, 
Upham, Charles W., 
Walker, Melville. 
Wei.xler, Herman B.. 
Whittemorc, Henry S., 
Wood, Charles W., 
Woods, Dwight B., 
Toung, Priestly, 



Bate of. 
Muster 



Aug. 20. '61 

July 12, '61 

" 27, '63 

" 9, '62 
" 12, '61 



Aug. 
July 



Feb. 
July 

Jan. 
July 



Aug. 
Dec. 
July 



Jan. 
Mar. 

July 

Feb. 
July 



31, '62 



J.an. 
Mar. 
July 



Feb. 
July 
Jan. 
July 



Aug. 
July 



Remarks. 



Dec. 
July 



Augusts, 1862; disability. 

November 22, 1862; disability. 

Tr. July 27, '64, to liOth Inf ty. Died at AndersonvDle. 

January 9. 1803; disability. 

.July 28. 1864; expiration of service. 

Feb. 4, '64, to re-enlist; Tr. to 20th Int'y. July 27, '64. 

Died November 22, '63, Kelly's Ford, Va. 

January 22. 1863 ; disability. 

Transferred January 15, 1863, to V. R. C. 

.Tuly 7, 1863; disability. 

June 20, 1862; " 

February 16, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 20th Infantry. 

March 25, 186.3 ; expiration of service. 

July 28, 1864: " 

November 12. 1862; disability. 

M.archl4, 1862; 

Mi-ssing since September 17, 1862. 

December 19, 1862; disability. 

Transferred July 27, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 

April 16, 1862; disability. 

February 4, 1864, to re-enlist. 

Died of wounds, Antietam. 

Transferred to V. R. C. 

January 21. 1862; disability. 

.April 12, 1862; '• 

Died September 18. 1862, New York. 

March 23. 1864, to re-enlist. 

December 2-5. 1863, to re-enlist. 

Died Augu.'st 8, 1862 ; Worcester. 

March 21, 1863; disability. 

Transferred July 27, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 

January 21. 1863; dis.ability. 

Trant^fcrred July 27, 1864. to 20th Infantry. 

February 7, 1864, to re-enlist ; Tr. to 20th Infantry. 

Died of wounds. Antietam. 

July 28 1864; expiration of service. 

Killed. Antietam. 

Discharged Dec. 2, 18G2. 

November 22, 1863; disability. 

Never left the State. 

October 9. 1863; disability. 

July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

September 19, 1862; disability. 

Transferred January 9, 1862. to N.avy. 

February 7, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 20th Infantry, 

March' 24, 1864, to re-enlist. 

Transferred to 20th Infantry, July 27, 1864. 

July 28, 1864: expiration of service. 

January 10, 1863; disability. 

Killed October 21, 1861. Ball's Bluff. 

April 1.5, 1862; disability. 

Killed October 21, 1861, BaU's Bluff. 

Killed, Antietam. 

October 2, 1862; dis.abilitv. 

December 30, 1862; disability. 

July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

" 12, '* " 

Died November, 1861, Richmond. 
Died, Antietam. 
November 26, 1862: disability. 
January 1. 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 20th Infantry. 
May 22, 186.5; expiration of service. 
July 28. 1864; " 

2d Lieutenant, 36tb U. S. C. T. 



552 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Contincei>. 



Names. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY E. 

George II Carr, 8., 
James Courio. S., 
Edward Cudworth, S., 
Charles Sutton, W., 
Berry, Henry L., 
Crowley, Timothy J., 
Curran, John H., 
Dodd, Cyrus J., 
Eaton, Fr.onk, 
Fitzpatriek, John, 
Flynn, Michael. 
Green, Bartholomew, 
Hase, Rudolph, 
Hoolnan, Henry. 
Hudson. Archibald B., 
larned, Cyrus, 
Larncd, Joel W., 
Smith. Thomas B., 
Sullivan. John, 
Thompson, Alexander, 
Thompson, Thomas, 2d, 
Welch, Martin, 

COMPANY F. 

Eli Clements, W., 
Adams, Edwin L., 
Brown, John, 
Donovan, Jeremiah, . 
Dorr. Wellington H., 
Lowe, Scth L., 
Potter. Augustus N., 
Towne, Merritt A., 
Wq^er, William U., 

COMPANY G. 
Charles Davis. C., 
James S. Kirkup. C, 
Frank D. Morse, C, 
Ball. L. D.. 
Barry, Joseph, 
Black, James E., 
Brainard, Robert M., 
Dixon, John C.. 
Goodwin. Charles L., 
Harris, Daniel, 
Hart. William, 
Merriam. C. I, 
Moore, David, 
Moore, William T., 
Oakes, William K., 
Perry. James, 
PhetU'place, Oscar, 
Preston. C. L., 
Rockwood, C. A., 

COMPANY H. 

Addison, Andrew, 
Bliss, Edward M., 
Bixbee, John T., 
Ferris, William, 
Finegan, P.atrick, 
Luek Peter, 
Magomery, Thomas, 
Pierce, J. L., 

COMPANY I. 

Benway. Kennedy, 
Cassidy, Thomas, 



July 12, '61 



Dec. 


2.i, 


'63 


July 


12. 
30, 


'61 


Dec. 


11. 


'• 


July 


31. 


'62 




12. 


'61 


" 


.SO, 




" 


1^, 


" 


i. 


24, 


a 


" 


20, 


'63 


" 


24, 


'■ 


Aue;. 


6. 


'62 


July 


31, 
23. 
31, 


'62 


" 


30. 


'61 


u 


7, 


'62 


Feb. 


20, 


" 


July 


12, 


'61 


Dec. 


s, 


u 


July 


24, 


'62 


'• 


12, 


'61 


a 


28, 


'02 


Feb. 


24, 


'• 


July 


25, 


'' 


Aug. 


4, 


'61 


1 )ec. 


2!i, 


'6:i 


Nov. 


25, 


'61 


July 


12, 


" 


J)ee. 


y, 


" 


July 


28, 
26, 


'62 


Aug. 


1, 


" 


hVb. 


20. 


" 


July 


12, 


'61 




2H, 


'62 


'• 


12, 


'61 


" 


24, 


'62 


" 


12, 


'61 


Feb. 


20, 


'62 


Mar. 


2, 


'04 


Nov. 


26, 


'61 


July 


30, 
12, 


" 


a 


22, 


'62 


Jiin . 


13, 


" 


Aug 


2, 


'61 


July 


7, 


'62 


Jan. 


20, 


'• 


" 


«, 


'62 


July 


22 


" 


" 


25 


'61 



May 27, 1863; disability. 

July 23, 1864; expiration of service. 

Translcrred July 27, 1864; expiration of service. 

July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

May 14, 1863; disability. 

March 18, 1803; disability. 

Killed, Antictam. 

July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

March 19, 1863; disability. 

July 19, 1861 ; never left the state. 

Killed July 2, 1863, Gettysburg. 

February 27, 1863. 

Deserted October 15, 1863. 

February 27, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 20th Infantrj. 
Died September 2, 1862, Washington. 
July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

December 19, 1862; disability. 
Killed, Antictam. 
Transferred to 20th Infantry. 
February 26, 1864, to re-eulist. 



July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 

March 30, 1804, to re-enlist. 

March 9, 1863 ; disability. 

Aprils, 1864; 

January 23, 1863; " 

July 11, 1864; expiration of service. 

Translcrred July, 1863, to V. R. C. 
March 19, 1863; disabiUty. 



Died March 15, 1862, Washington. 
Transferred to 20th Infantry. 

August 11, 1864; commission inU. S. C. T. 
Transferred to 20th Infantry. 
August 15, 1864. 

February 9, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 20th Infantry. 
December 5. 1863; to re-enlist. 
October 10, 1802; disability. 
Died June 30. 1802. 

Died September 6, 1864, Andersonville. 
Ivilled, Antictam. 

Transferred February 15, 1864, to V. R. C. 
1. 11 •. It 

December 12, 1862; disability. 

Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 

January 30, 1863; disability. 

Deserted March 1, 1863. 

Died of wounds, May 12, 1S64, Arlington, Va. 



Killed, Antictam. 

December 22, 3 862; disability. 

Died September 12, 1862; Gettysburg. 

March 3, 1863 ; disability. 

Killed. Antictam. 

Transferred February 16. 1863, to V. R. C. 

Died October 4. 1862. 

October 9, 1862 ; disability. 



" 29, '62'February 2. 1864; disability. 
May 15, '6l|Killed, Ball's Bluff. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



553 



FIFTEENTH REGIMEXT EST ANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continced. 



Names. 


Date c 
Muster 


f 


Remarks. 


COMPANY I.— CON. 








Dow. Daniel R., 


Aug. 5, 


'61 


Never left the State. 


Green, Edward F., 


July 31, 


'62 


November 17. 1862; disability. 


Green, Lucius H., 


" 10, 


'61 


Transferred December 1.3, 1863, to V. R. C. 


Guilfoyle, Daniel, 


Mar. 31, 


'64 


Transferred to 2inh Infantry. 


Hasty, P,atriclv, 


June 6, 


'61 


February 20, 1864 ton-enlist; Tr. to 20th Infantry. 


Joy, Emory W., 


Feb. 9, 


'64 


Transferred to 2iJth Infantry. 


Laverty, Robert F., 


June 6, 


'61 


J,anuary 13, 1863; disability. 


Lavcrty. William H., 


" 20, 




Transferred February l."), 1864, to V. R. C. 


Mirick, Georsje W., 


Aug. 6, 


" 


Transferred to 20th Infantry. 


Remick, Augustus, 


8, 


" 


April 7, 1862; di-sability. 


Sullivan, Timothy, 


" 6, 


" 


Never left the State. 


COMPANY K. 








Melville Howland, S., 


July 1, 


" 


Died August 28. 1862. 


Burns, John B., 


" 23, 


'62 


September 19, 1862 ; disability. 


Hansen, Peter, 


Aug. 8, 


'• 


Deserted July 9, 1863. . 


Horton, Henry, 


I. i 




Missing since August 27, 1862. 


Hoyt, Patrick, 


July 1, 


'61 


Killed, Gettysburg. 


Keating, Michael, 


u I 




May 16. 1864 ; disability. 


Kelley, Daniel, 


" 22, 


'62 


April 1, 1863. 


Krelan. James, 


" 12, 


'61 


June 12, 1865. 


Lester. "Walter E., 


Aug. ] , 


'62 


Deserted September 17, 1863. 


McBridtre, Martin, 


July 1, 


'61 


Died of wounds, April 27, 1862. 


Smith, Manlev S., 


Aug. 12, 


'62 


Deserted October 23, 1863. 


Thornton, J. F., 


July 12, 


'61 


Died of wounds. 


Thompson, Stephen, 


1, 


'• 




White, James, 


" 12, 


" 


July 28, 1864; expiration of service. 


UNASSIGTfED RECKDITS. 








Agncn, Peter, 


July 29, 


'62 




Bachelor, Alfred A., 


" 31, 


" 


Killed. 


Ball, Andrew, 


" 29, 


" 




Burke, James, 


Aug. 1, 


" 




Connelly, Owen, 


Jnlv 2S, 


'63 




Davis, John R., 


'•" 9i 


'62 




Duprey, Albert, 


" 29, 


'■ 




Holligan. John, 


" 20, 


'63 




Kneeland, James, 


Aug. 9, 


'01 


December 11, 1862 ; disability. 


McGuirc. Philip, 


July 25, 


'62 




Mitchell, William H., 


" 29, 


" 




Moore, Luther C, 


Aug. 6, 


'• 




Pease, Aurelius G., 


July 29, 


" 


Never left the State. 


Pepinan, John, 


" 






Plimpton, Amos G., 


" 31, 


" 




Ryan, John, 


" 23, 


'• 




Thompson. Frank H., 


Jan. 16, 


'• 




Wells, Louis, 


Aug. 24, 


'• 




Willard, Harlon H., 


July 31, 




Never left the State. 



SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY F. 

Whalon, Thomas, 



•July 12. '61 [Died of -wounds, Yorktown, June 29, 1862. 



SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Smith, James, 

COMPANY B. 

Bugbee, Edward R., 
Chase, James N., 

COMPANY C. 

Robinson, James, 

COMPANY D. 

Ryjn, Patrick, 
VVkituey, George W., 



July 


21, 


'61 


Sept. 


10, 
16, 


'64 


Feb. 


24, 


'6o 


Sept. 


9, 
5, 


'64 



August 3, 1864; expiration of service. 
June 30, 1865; order War Department. 

July 11, 1865; expiration of service. 



.Tune 30, 1865; order War Department. 
May 25, 1805.. 



554 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

, SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY E. 

Thomas D. Bassc-tt, C, 
Michael J. Donahue, C, 
Cadieux, Charles, 
Chaffee, Jonathan E., 
Duffy, Michael, 
Ricker, Charles C, 
Rich, Willam A., 


Sept. 


9, '64 
6, " 

17, " 
6, " 


June 


30, 1865 


order War 


Department, 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 
do 


COMPANY F. 

Frye, George M., 
"Whiting, Jonathan "W., 


" 


u 


- 


a 






do 
do 


COMPANY G. 

Patrick Kearoy, C, 


" 


12, " 


" 


" 






do 


COMPANY H. 

John Hadloy, C, 
Desmond, Cornelius, 
Learj', Daniel, 
Lodwith, James, 
Morey, Lewis, 


Jan. 

Sept. 
Jan. 
Feb. 


8, " 
11, '65 
19, '64 
11, '65 

2, " 


July 
.June 
July 


- " do 
11, 1865; expiration of service. 
30, 1865 ; order War Department. 
11, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" do 



EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY G. 

Cutting, Joseph B., 
Eaton. Charles, 
Hero, Gideon P., 
Marsh, Charles W., 
Parmenter. Henry, 
Stone, John, jr., 
Taft, Lucius D., 



Feb. 9, '64 
July 11, '63 
Aug. 24, '61 



July 15, '63 



Transferred to 32nd Infantry, October 26, 1864. 

do 
Killed August 30. 1862, Bull Run. 
Transferred December 25, 1862, to 5th U. S. A. 
Died of wounds, Bheppardstown, September 20, 1862. 
February 8, 1864, to re-enlist; deserted. 
Transferred October 21, 1864, to 32d Infantry. 



NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY C. 

Gatz, George, 
Reese, George, 

COMPANY D. 

Cromack, Joseph B., 

COMPANY E. 

Hallagan, Michael, 
Lucia, Paul, 
Marsaid, August, 

COMPANY F. 

Charles O'Neill, C, 

COMPANY G. 

Leahy, Thomas, 

COMPANY H. 
Benjamin Drury, W., 
Mihan, Patrick, 
"Wilson, John, 

COMPANY I. 

Angle, Francis, 
Denny, John. 
Goss, James W., 
Shehan, Edward, 
"Wheeler, William H., 

UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Carts, John, 
Tabor, William R., 



.Jan. 5, '65 

July 27, '63 



Aug. 25, '61 



July 30, '63 

Feb. 12, '65 

" 10, " 



Aug. 28, '61 



July 26, '61 
Aug. 28, " 
May 19, '64 



Jan. 30, '65 



Aug. '28, '61 
July 11, '63 



Feb. 23, '65 
Aug. 24, '61 



June 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Transferred January 14, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 



September 27, 1862; disability. 



Transferred January 14, 1864, to 20th Infantry. 
.July 22, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
June 30, " do 



August 11, 1862; disability. 



Transferred July 1, 1863, to V. R. C. 



November 28, 1862; disability. 
June 5, 1865 ; expiration 
" 30. " 



do 
do 
do 



Deserted, 1862. 

June 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 
TWENTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS. 



555 



Names. 



COMPANY A. 

Francis, Jonathan, 

COMPANY D. 

Dores, Louis, 
McDonald, John, 
Woods, Matthew, 

COMPANY E. 

William H. Ford. S., 
Sam'l W. Annington, C. 
Barton, Charles H., 
Barry, Joseph, 
Brainard, Robert M., 
Donnelly. John. 
Eaton, Francis W., 
Fisk, Francis W., 
Fitch, Charles M., 

COMPANY F. 

McFarland James, 
Parra. John, 

COMPANY G. 

Patrick Harty, 8., 
Henry Houghton, S., 
James 8. Ki. 
Alger, Warren H., 
Guilfoyle, 

COMPANY H. 
Brewer, Henry W., 
Holigan, John, 

COMPANY I. 
Clark. William H., 
Myrick, George W., 

COMPANY K. 

George W. Farr, C , 
Sampson, Joseph N., 



Date of 

Muster. 



Aug. 8, '61 



3, '63 
Mar. 8, '62 
July 6, '64 



Remarks. 



Feb. 4, '64 

Nov. 2, '61 

July 12, " 

Dec. 9, " 

Feb. 9, '64 

Dec. 8, '61 

July 27, '63 

Feb. 4, '64 



Died of wounds, December 13, 1862, Fredericksburg, 

July 16, 1865 ; expiration of service, 
do 



July 12, '63 
" 24, '■ 



Feb. 20, '64 
4, 



7, " 



do 

July 31, 1864; expiration of service. 
December 4, 1864; do 

Transferred to V. R. C. 
May 6, 1865; expiration of service. 
Died September 29, 1864, Andersonville. 
July 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
June 30, " do 

Deserted February 5, 1865. 

July 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



June 2, 
July 10, 



disability. 



do 



Died at Andersonville, August 14, 1864. 
Died at Salisbury, December 15, 1865. 



UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Betterlev. Edward S., 
Butterlield, Michael, 
Hallegan. Michael, 
Hologin. Michael, 
Morse, Frank D., 
Morey, John, 
Slater, Samuel, 
Thompson. Thomas. 2d., 



Sept. 4, '61 Killed October 21, 1861, Ball's Bluff. 

July 30, '63 Transferred April 4, 1864, to loth Infantry. 

July 5, '64 July 16, 1865 : expiration of service. 
Aug. 6, '61 August 5, 1864; do 



Aug. 25. '61 
July 15, '64 



Aug. 2, '61 
Jan. 20, '62 
Aug. 30, '63 
July 17, '62 
Nov. 26, '61 
July 15, '62 
■ 10, " 
T, " I 



May 22, 1865 ; disability. 
Never joined regiment- 
August 5, 1864. 



August 6, 1864; disability. 



TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS. 



John L. Cook, Pr. M„ 

COMPANY A. 
Ames, Jeduthen W., 
Cromwell, Henry, 
Morse, Joseph E., 
Wilder, Charles 8., 

COMPANY B. 

Hubbard, George, 
Preston, Charles L., 
Smith. Henry M., 
Smith, Samuel, 



Mar. 26, '64 
" 19, " 

Aug. 23, '61 



Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

Deserted April 12, 1864. 

January 1, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 36th Infantry. 



September 4, 1861; disability. 
August 30, 1864; expiration of sennce. 
Transferred October 25. 1862, to U. S. Cav. 
April 15, 1863; disability. 



556 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



r T"WENTT-FIRST REGIMEKT USTFANTRT.— THREE YEARS— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY C. 










Peter Lynch, C, 


Aug. 


23, 


'61 


January 1, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 36th Infantry. 


Albert Patterson, C, 


'■ 






" "• " " 


Thomas Spence, C, 


" 






January 19, 1863; dis.ability. 


Archer. Luther, 


" 






Deserted. 


Bullard, Francis, 


" 






Killed September 1, 1862, Chantilly. 


BuUard, Silas C, 


" 






May 7. 1862; disability. 


Carter, William, 


" 






December 30. 1862 ; disability. 


Carter, William H. H., 


" 






August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 


Clarli, Thomas, 


" 






January 1. 1864, to re-enlist. 


Cleary, Michael B., 


" 






Deserted August, 1862. 


Davis, John, 


" 






Died April 17. 1862, steamer Northerner. 


Finncran, John, 


" 






January, 1, 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 36th Infantry. 


Fitzgerald. Joseph, 


" 






November 22, 1862; disabiltiy. 


Foarerty. Dennis, 


" 






December 29, '• " 


Frost. William. 


" 






Died March 11, 1862, steamer Northerner. 


Gallagher, Timothy, 


" 






August 30, 1864; expiration of scrvive. 


Garton. John H., 


" 






Transferred October 25, 1862. to U. S. A. 


Glasgow. William, 


" 






January 1. 1864, to re-enlist; Tr. to 36th Infantry. 


Gould, Samuel D., 


" 






February 21, 1862. 


Lanckton, Timothy, 


Mar. 


9, 


'64 


Transfer'-ed to 36th Infantry. 


Lombard. William, 


Aug. 


23, 


'61 


August 30. 1864 ; expiration of service. 


Morgan, Samuel, 








February 28, 1862 ; disability. 


Oakes, ]3arney, 


Mar. 


9, 


'64 


Transferred to 36tli Infantry. 


Quilty, James. 


Aug. 


23, 


'61 


Transferred October 23, 1862, to U. S. Cav. 


Robbins, Stephen L., 








December 7, 1862 ; disability. 


Rogers, Albert. 


" 






Supposed killed, Antietam. 


Scott. William W., 


" 






April 25, 1862; disability. 


Smith, Alfred, 


u 






May 7, 1863; 


Smith, David, 


July 


28. 


'62 


August 30. 1864; expiration of service. 


Vail. Jeffrey, 


Sept. 


12, 


'61 


October 1,1862; do 


Warren. As'a J.. 


July 


19, 




August 30, 1864; do 


Young, Giles W., 


Aug. 


23, 


" 


March 2, 1803 ; disahility. 


COMPANY D. 










Albce, Seth. 


Aug. 


7, 


u 


Deserted August 8, 1861. 


Doherty, Thomas A., 




2T, 


" 


August 30, 1864 ; expiration of service. 


Steavins, Albert C, 


It 


23, 


" 


" 2, 1S62; disability. 


COMPANY E. 










Ballard, Augustus H., 


" 


23, 


" 


March 14. 18«3; disahility. 


Brown, Justus. 


" 


24, 


" 


Decembers, 1862; " 


Clinton. John L., 


" 


23, 


" 


January 22, 1863 ; " 


Defoe. Paul, 


" 






Deserted August 10, 1862. 


Hall, William P., 


" 






June 11. 1863. 


Henry. Alvin P., 


" 






September 14, 1861 ; disability. 


Kenney, William P., 


" 






Transferred September 20, 1863, to V. R. C. 


Maguillon. Charles E., 


" 






October 30, 1862. to U. S. Cav. 


Paine Jefierson, 


" 






Died October 9, 1863, Camp Nelson, Ky. 


Robinson. William L., 


" 






Transferred October 23, 1862, to U. S. Cav. 


Stuart, William H., 


" 


28, 


" 


April 9, 1863; disability. 


Webster. Lucius, 


" 


23, 


" 


January 1, 1864, to re-enlist. 


Wilson, James H., 


" 






Died of wounds, December 15, 1862, Frederickshurg. 


COMPANY F. 










Hiram W. Batchelder, S., 


Jan. 


2, 


'64 


September 24. 1864, as supernumerary. 


John G. Brewer. S., 


" 






Transferred to 36th Infantry. 


Felix McDermott, S., 


Aug 


19. 


'61 


.January 1, 1864, to re-enlist. 


Charles 0. Muzzey, 8., 


Jan. 


2, 


'64 


September 24. 1864. as supernumerary. 


Samuel Breckenridge, C. 


Aug 


19, 


'61 


March 4. 1862; disability. 


Bert Stone. C, 


" 


2, 


'62 


August 30, 1864; expiration of seiTice. 


Tyler C. Peck. W., 


" 


19, 


'61 


do 


Barry, Richard, 


" 


' 




Octobers, 1862i; disability. 


Benchley. Alfred F., 


" 


4, 


'62 


March 28, 1863; 


Buckley, Daniel, 


" 


19, 


'61 


January 27. 1862. for wounds. 


Clifibrd". Jeremiah, 


" 


' 


' 


August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 


Cohnor, Michael T., 


" 


2. 


'62 


May 7, 1863; disability. 


Day, Hiram J., 


" 


19 


'61 


April 27. 1862; " 


Doner, Pierre F., 


Mar 


4, 


'64 


Transferred to 36th Infantry. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 557 

TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY F.— CON. 

Falvey Timothy, 
Fallon, Owen, 
Fallon, Thomas, 
Flaara;, William, 
Fluddy, Patrick, 
French, George H., 
Fox, Charles J., 
Gay, Charles J., 
Hart, John, 
Hines, William, 
Kelley. William P,, 
King, James L., 
McCue, John, 
McLeon, William, 
Morse, Charles H., 
Moran, Charles, 
Muzzey, Charles C, 
Nangle, John, 
Parker. George C, 
Parker, John K., 
Phillips. Emerson, 
Potter. Francis C, 
Potter. Otis, 
Rice. Nathan, 
Rutter. Albert, 
Salisbury, John, 
Scott, G. E.. 
Shea, Joseph, 
Simmons, Charles E., 
Slater. James, 
Waters, Levi, 
Whalan, Richard, 
Wright, Albert R., 

COMPANY G. 

John L. Cook, M., 
Donovan. Timothy, 
Fay. Patrick, 
Libby, Leander W., 
Oliver, Charles S., 

COMPANY H. 

Barton, Austin, 
Bishop. Charles, 
Goodress, Thomas, 
Putnam, Marcus M., 
Williams, George O., 

COMPANY I. 

Atwood, Lewis P., 
Buzzell. Reuben, 
Clapp, W. Warren, 
Laurey, David L., 
McEvory. Thomas, 
Spencer. Lucien W., 
Stone, Melville C, 
Wells, John, 

COMPANY K. 

Alfred A. Rider, S., 
Clancev, .lames, 
Ellis, Willis. 
Harper, Henry M., 
Henry, William A., 
Martinol. Patrick, 
Powers, Nicholas, 
Winu, Thomas, 



Feb. 
Aug, 



Feb. 
Aug. 



Aug. 19, '61 August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

Deserted June 6. 1863. 

Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

May 8, 1862; disability. 
16, '64 Transferred to 36th Infantry as Flarity. 
2, " August 30, 1864: expiration of service. 
19, '61 ^" " do 

Transferred October 18, 1862 to U. S. A. 

May 7. 1862; dis.ability. 
22, '64 Transferred to 36th Infantry. 
19, '61 August 2, 1864, Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

January 1, 1862; dis.-ibility. 

January 2, 1864, Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

Died November 18, 1861, Annapolis. 
4, '62 August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 
19, '61 May 8, 1862; disability. 

January 1, 1864. to re-enlist. 

December 19, 1862; disability as Nagle. 

Quartermaster Sergeant June 6, 1862. 

August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

Died July 4. 1863; Vicksburg. 

August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 
21, '62 Died August 23, 1864. City Point, Va. 
4," March 2, 1863; disability. 
19. '61 Disability. 

April 15.' 1863; disability as Edgar. 

Transferred October 22, 1862, to U. S. Cav. 

January 1, 1862; disability. 

August 30. 1864 ; expiration of service. 

Died November 26. 1862, Washington. 

January 2, 1864, Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

Deserted. 



2, '62 
19, '61 



July 19, '61 
Nov. 6, " 
Mar. 29, '64 
Aug. 23, '61 



5, " 

Jan. 2, '64 
Aug. 23. '61 



Nov. 6, '61 
Aug. 19, " 
Nov. 6, '' 
Aug. 26, " 

19, " 



July 19, " 



Aug. 19, " 
July 19, " 



Principal Musician. 

January 2, 1864; Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

Missing since June 7, 1864. 

August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

September 1, 1861 ; disability. 



Died of wounds, March 18, 1862; Newbern. 
September 21, 1861 ; disability. 
Transferred to .36th Infantry, 
December S, 1862 ; disability. 
October 30, 1861 ; " 



January 1, 1864; Tr.ansferred to 36th Infantry. 

M.ay 8. 1862; di.sability. 

May 28. 1863; order Secretary of War. 

Disability. 

January 2. 1864; Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

" 16, 1863; disability. 
Killed September 1, 1862, Chantilly. 



August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

January 1. 1864: Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

December 19. 1862; disability. 

January 1. 1864; Transferred to 36th Infantry. 

March 3. 1863: disability. 

August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 

November 1, 1862 : disability. 

January 2, 1864; Transferred to 36th Infantry. 



558 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT INr^VNTRY.-THREE YEARS.-Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 








Connor, Micliael, 




Aug. 2, '62 






Hopkins, Jolm, 




Nov. 10, '64 


Transferred to 36th Infantry. 




McManus, Larkin, 




" " 


11 u 




Taft, John 8., 




Jan. 12, " 


January 17, 1864; rejected recruit. 




Walker, John, 




Mar. 11, " 






Williams, Joseph, 




Nov. 16, " 






Williams, Stephen 


S., 


Aug. 2, '62 


February 22, 1863 ; disability. 





TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFAlf TRY.— THREE YEARS. 



William Heywood, 
Joseph R. Loring, 


Oct. 


5, 


^'61 


Band. 


COMPANY A. 
Kerin, James, 


Sept. 


2, 


l( 


Transferred October 26, 1864, to 32d Infantry. 


COMPANY D. 

Edwin W. Alden, C., 
Wingate, Marvin, 


;; 


6, 


u 


November 22, 1862; disabiUty. 
Deserted June 6, 1863. 


COMPANY r. 

Kane, Tunothy, 


Aug. 


28, 


'61 


Transferred October 26, 1864, to 32d Infantry. 


COMPANY G. 

Murphy, John, 


" 


27, 


" 


K II l( If 


COMPANY K. 

Darby. John W., 
Everett, Richard, 
Twiss, George, 


July 

Sept. 
July 


11, 

n: 


'61 
'63 


II If 11 If 

(1 If <f If 

February 12, 1864; disability. 


DNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Kelly, Frank, 
Molntire, Hugh, 


Sept. 
June 


1, 

30. 


'64 


Deserted September 9, 1863. 
Transferred to 32d Infantry. 



TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT INF AifTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



John Stuart, 

Wni. C. Whittemore, 

Melville Wood, 

COMPANY E. 

Hadley, Henry H., 

COMPANY G. 

Quinlan, Thomas, 



Oct. 12, '61 

"• 8, " 



July 21, '62 
Jan. 4, '65 



Band.— Discharged August 30, 1862, by War Dept. 

ff fl (I <l K 

Deserted June 20, 1863. 

June 25, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 










John 0. Aldrich, S., 


Dec. 


8, 


'63 


Deserted December 28, 1865. 


Roland E.Ncfl', S., 


Sept. 


29, 


" 


January 20. 1866 ; expiration of service. 


Burroughs, Jona'n C, C, 


Dec. 


8, 




Deserted December 28, 1865. 


Brown, James 8., 


" 






January 20, 1866: expiration of service. 


Casey. Patrick, 


Nov. 


25, 


" 


do 


Clark, John H., 


Dec. 


5, 




Deserted December 18, 1865. 


Collins, John, 


Nov. 


28, 




January 20, 1866 ; expiration of service. 


Cummin gs, xYlonzo, 


Sept 


7, 


'61 


July 22, 1863; disability. 


Harrington, John, 


Nov. 


19, 


'63 


January 20, 1866; expiration of service. 


Knitcht, l!cnianiin VV.. 


Oct. 


14, 


" 


do 


Manins,'. William C, 


Jan. 


V2. 


'64 


do 


Matlier.-;on, .S.imuel W., 


Dec. 


12, 


'63 


Transferred March 7, 1S65, to V. R. C. 


Riley, Michael, 


Nov. 


25, 


'' 


Deserted December 16, 1865. 


Rivers, Edw.ard, 


Dec. 


15, 


•' 


January 20, 1866; expiration of service. 


Sargent, Ephraim H., 




7, 


" 


August 26, 1865 ; disability. 


Biegars, Gilbert E., 


Jan. 


4, 


'64 


January 18; 1866; " 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 559 

TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY .—THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY A.— CON. 
Steams, Ezra J., 
Walker, Silas L., 
Weston, Chester H., 

COMPANY D. 

James C. Eastman, C, 
Wright, Charles L., 

COMPANY G. 

Bordan, Charles, 
Knox, Henry F., 
Skinner, John H., 
Verona, Francis L., 



Date of 

Muster. 



Dec. 7. '63 

'• 9, " 
Jan. 5, '64 



" 2, " 
Sept. 7, '61 



Dec. 2. '63 
Jan. 5, "64 



Remarks. 



Deeemher 5, 1865 ; disability. 
January 20, 1866; expiration of service. 
" " do 



do 
do 



« " do 

July 20, 1865 ; disahility. 
January 20, 1866; expiration of service. 



Oct. 20. '63| Transferred Fehrnnry 21. 1865, to V. R. C. 



TWENTY -FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



Jonathan H. Sampson, 

BAND. 

Daniel C. Gates, 
Otis H. Knisht, 
George M. Newhall, 
James Stewart, 
Samuel W. Tyler, 
George H. Wilson, 

COMPANY A. 

Samuel C. T. Ahorn, S., 
Samuel H. Putnam, S., 
Frank L. R. Goes, S., 
Welcome W. Sprague, 8. 
Walter S. Bugbee, C, 
Horace E. Brooks, C, 
Jerome H, Fuller, C., 
John W. Hartshorn, C, 
Henry M. Ide. C, 
John A. Thompson, C, 
JubalH. Haven, M., 
George F. Robinson, M., 
Edward P. Hall. W., 
Bartlett, Charles S., 
Bigelow, David B., 
Bigelow. George W., 
Billings. Hiram H. H., 
Bolster. Moses L., jr.. 
Brown, Albert N., 
Brown, Moses P., 
Bugbee, Walter S., 
Bullock. Sylvanus, 
Burt, Daniel W.. 
Curtis, George E., 
Dresser, Samuel S., 
Driden, Horace W., 
ElwcU, Lewis J., 
Fairbanks. Elbridge G., 
Foley. Timothy, 
Forbes, Charles, 
Fuller, Jerome H., 
George. Andrew L., 
Gouldiug, Henry, 2d. 
Green, Benjamin C 
Greenwood. Francis, 
Hall, Edward P., 
Henry, Charles, 
lleywood, Reuben, 
Ilolman, {^'vrus W., 
Holman, Willi.am E., 
Hutchins, Cyrus L., 



Sept. 26, '61 



14, 
Jan. 19, 
Sept. 26, 
12, 
Jan. 19, 
Sept. 16, 
■Tan. 19, 
Sept. 16. 
14, 
11, 
19, 
Jan. 19, 

Sept. 10. 
19, 

Oct. 1, 
Sept. 13, 
" 19, 
" 16. 
\pr. 1, 
Sept. 16. 
July 19, 
Oct. 1, 
Sept. 14. 
July 21, 
Sept. 16, 



Prin. Musician; Dis. Aug. 30, 1862, order War Dept. 



August 30. 1862; order War Department. 
" •' do 

" " do 

" " do 

" " do 

" " - do 



October 20, 1864 ; expiration of service 

Sergeant Major, August 1. 1864. 

February 20, 1864; disability. 

March 16, 1863; " 

June 29, 1865; order War Department, 

January 6, 1863; disability. 

Died October 26, 1864, Florence, S. C. 

October 30, 1864 ; expiration of service 

June 10, 1803; disability. 

December 6. 1861 ; disability. 

August 30, 1862. 

July 13, 1865 ; expiration 



October 20, 1864; 



of service, 
do 
do 
do 
do 



Jan. 

Sept. 



Feb. 

Sept. 
Oct. 
Sept, 
July 
Oct. 
Sept, 



Died October 2, 1864, Newhern. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

January 18. 1864, to re-enlist. 

October 20. 1804; expiration of service. 

Januarj' 18. 1864, to re-enlist. 

March oO, 1864. 

Ue-cnlislcd. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

Died Jannarv 1. 1862. Hatteras, N. C. 

February 15, 1864; disability. 

October 20. 1864; expiration of service. 

January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 

July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" •• do 

January 18. 1864; to re-enUst. 
October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
Killed May 0. 1864. Proctor's Creek, Va. 
Died e^ept'ember 11, 1864. Richmond. 
Oetolier20, 1864; expiration of service. 
.January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 
Disabilitv- 

June 17. 1865; expiration of service. 
October 20, 1864; do 

Kc-enlisted. Killed May 12, 1864, Va. 
I April 2, 1864; promotion. 



560 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

TWENTY- FIFTH REGIMENT IKFANTRY.-THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY A.— CON. 

Kno-wlton, Charles H., 
Knox, Walter D., 
Lindsay, Ira, 
Lion, William L., 
Mannine;. Lloyd G., 
MerrilirDaiiiel At. G., 
Merrill. George E., 
Metealf. Chauncey L., 
Muiiroe, CiiarlesH., 
Parsons, Orrin, 
Pike. Eli, 
Reed, Henry W., 
Richards, Walter H., 
Rohy, Charles D., 
Roljinson, George F., 
Savage, John B., 
Simonds, Elijah, 
Smith, Charles, 
Smith, Paris, 
Stearns, Amos E., 
Thompson, Joseph H., 
Upham, Chester O,, 
Ward, Timothy M., 
Wliitcomb, Alonzo D., 
White, James, 
White, Frederick A., 
Wright, John, 

COMPANY B. 

John A. McGaffey, M., 
Childs, Charles W., 
Mc-Farland. Charles A., 
McGaffev, Jolm A., 
Wilder, William O., 

COMPANY C. 

Edwin A. Moody, S., 
Warren C. Hardy, C, 
Lyman F. Hooker, C, 
Andrew J. Huze, C, 
John R. Hill. M., 
Atkinson, Sidney J., 
Ball, Charles E., 
Brownhill, Charles, 
Chaffee. John, 
Fisher, Charles, 
Fitzpatriek, Michael, 
Franklin, Edward A., 
Hardy. Warren C, 
Haverstock. James, 
Howard, John, 
Jones, Samuel P., 
Kirwin, James, 
Madden. John. 
Marcy, Hosea J. 
May.Edward F., 
McKinstrey, James A., 
McKay, Silas H., 
Meister. Gustave A., 
Murphy, Jacob, 
Putnam, Clarendon W., 
Stratton, Cvprian P., 
Wardwell, NVilliam H., 

COMPANY D. 

Orlando Hodgkins, S., 
Andrew M. Austin, S., 
William G. Grout, C, 



Date of 
Muster. 



Sept. 
Dec. 
Mar. 
Sept. 

Oct. 
Sept. 



Oct. 

Sept. 



Feb. 
Sept. 



July 
Sept. 



-Jan. 

Sept, 



Remarks. 



Re-enlisted. October 25, 1864; disability. 
May 17, 1SG5; disability. 
Died of wounds, June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor. 
August 30, 1864; expiration of service. 
January 18, 1S64. to re-enlist. 
Deserted September 18, 1862. 
October 20, 1864; expiration of eervice. 
" do 

" " do 

July 13, 1865 ; do 

Died of wounds, March 15, 1862, Newborn, 
Transferred September 11, 1863, to signal corps. 
January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 
July 13, 1865: expiration of service. 
January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 
Died March 1, 1864, Richmond. 
September 15, 1863; disability. 
March 29, 1863; " 

19, '• " 

Prisoner May 16, 1864, to end of service. 
October 20. 1SC4; expiration of 6er\'ice. 
January 30, 1863; disability. 
January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 
Re-enlisted. June 19, 1865 ; disability. 
Died of wounds, June 23, 1864, New York. 
October 20, 1864; expiration of eei'vice. 
January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 



Oct. 


24 


'61 


Dec. 


18 


'63 


Oct. 


1, 


'61 


Deo. 


18 


'63 


Sept 


16, 


'6:i 


Jan. 


5. 


'6-1 


Oct. 


2 

n. 


'61 


Sept 


28, 


'• 


Mar. 


23. 


'65 




»l 


'(■4 


Oct. 


2, 
15,' 
1", 


'61 


Sept. 


13, 


" 


Jan. 


5, 


'64 


Feb. 


13, 


'■ 


Oct. 


1, 
31, 


'61 


Dec. 


18, 


'63 


Oct. 


14, 


'64 


Mar. 


fi, 


'65 


July 


21, 


'6'2 


h\'b. 


Ih, 


'64 


Sept. 


20, 


'61 


July 


15, 


'6:; 


Dec. 


18, 


'63 


Sept. 


27, 


'61 



Jan. 19, '64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 

6, " Died of wounds, June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor. 

5, " Killed June 19, 1804; Petersburg. 
July 23, '62 January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 

15, ■' Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 



October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
Died November 24, 1864, Newbern. 
December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 
Died of wounds, June 23, 1864; Alexandria. 
'67 October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
Missing since June 3, 1864. 

Re-enlisted. August 17. 1865: expiration of service. 
Transferred June 12, 1863, to Co. A, 51st Infantry. 
December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 
July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
Killed Juno 3, 1865, Cold Harbor. 
October 20, 1864; expiration of gemce. 
December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 
November 19, 1863 ; disability. 
Re-enlisted. Died October 24, 1864, Newbern. 
May6. 1863; disability. 
July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
June 8, 1865; do 

October 20, 1864; do 

Died March 12, 1803, Newbern. 
July 13, 1865; expiration of service, 
lie-enlisted. Killed June 25, 1864, Petersburg. 
Tnly 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
June 23, 1803; disability. 
November 7, 1865; disability. 
Re-enlisted. June 21, 18G5; expiration of service. 
Died December 14, 1862, Newbern. 



Missing since June 3, 1864. 

July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 

March 12, 1863; disabiUty. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. ^61 

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continled. 



Names. 



COMPANY n. — CON. 

Charles A. McGaffey, C. 
Charles F. Whin, C, 
WilUain H. Wood, C, 
Charles A. Mann. M., 
AKlen. Benjamin F. R., 
Alexander, William R., 
Barbour, Isaac R., jr., 
Barnard, Virgil G., 
Brinhall, Alvin, 
Brigham, Augustus A., 
Burlingame, Samuel, 
Chapman. William R., 
Donovan, Larry, 
Eames, Levi L., 
Galooly, John, 
George, Obadiah, 
Johnson, Charles N., 
Johnson, Lewis, 
Knight, Otis H., 
Lamb, John M., 
Lamb, OtisH., 
Laughna, Terrence, 
Libbv, George H., 
MeGKfiey, Charles A., 
Murphy. Cornelius, 
Onimette, Camille L., 
Osmer, Albert C, 
Palmer, Samuel, 
Park. William M., 
Roby, Edwin A., 
Rice, Peter, 
Simonds, James M., 
Squier, Whitman O., 
Stone, Edgar A.. 
Thayer. Benjamin, D., 
Tourtellotte, Joseph N., 
Winn, Charles F., 
Wood, Charles F., 

COMPANY E. 
Patrick Curran, 8., 
Patrick McHugh, S., 
James McHannan. S., 
Thomas .T. McKeon, S., 
John Cottey. C., 
Edward B. Houston, C, 
John Lloyd, C, 
Daniel McCrea, C, 
Patrick McDonough, C, 
Patrick McHugh, C., 
Thomas J. McKeon, C., 
Nicholas Mooney. C., 
Jeremiah O'Conner, C, 
Alfred Piper. C, 
George W. Dixon, M., 
William R. Tabor, M., 
Allen, Joseph M., 
Brady. Peter, 
Bresnihan, Michael, 
Brown. Joseph, 
Burke. John, 
Burke, Patrick, 
Byrnes, Philip, 
Conavan, Daniel, 
Carson, Robert, 
Carson, William, 
Connors, Conielius, 
Conuell, Michael, 



D.ate of 

Muster, 



Dec. 
Oct. 
Sept. 



July 
Oct. 

Mar. 
May 
Sept. 



Oct. 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

July 

Oct. 

Sept. 



Oct. 
Sept. 



Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

July 



14, " 

27, " 
12, '• 
27, '61 
14, " 
27, " 
26, '62 



Sept. 10, 

Dec. 18. 

Oct. 7, 

Dec. 18. 

Sept. 10. 

Jan. 19. 

Sept. 20. 



Dec. 2 
Oct. 12 
Sept. 10. 
Oct. 4, 
Sept. 10, 
Jan. 3, 
Sept. 19. 
" 30, 
" 18, 
Oct. 2, 
Sept. 14, 
•' 10, 
Oct. 9, 
Dec. 14, 
Oct. 22, 
June 
Jan. 



2, 

3, 

•' 19, 

Oct. 7, 

Sept, 13, 



Remarks. 



July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
" do 

2, '61 September 20, 1862 : disability. 
7, " October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
27, " He-enlisted. July 13. 1S65 : expir.ation of service. 
Killed May 16, 1864, Drury's Bluff. 
May 25. 1863, for promotion. 
24, '62 December 31, 1863; disability. 
14, '61 June 17. " " 

April 8, " " 

13, '62 October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
20, " Missing since June 3, 1865. 
29, '64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
27, '61 Died August 19. 1864. City Point, Va. 
'64 June 29, 1866; order War Department, 
29, " July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
29, " June 10, " do 

23. " July 13, " do 

29, '63 Died June 23, 1864, Andersonville. 
27, '61 September 23, 1863; disability. 

31, '62 October 20. 1864; expiration of service, 

10, '64 July 13, 1865 ; do 

11, '61 Re-enlisted. July 13. 1865; expiration of service. 

30, " December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 
27, " Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" Died of w'nds. Juno 7, '64, Ft. Monroe. 

16. " October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
27, " March 12. 1863; disability. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
" '• " do 

March 4. 1863 ; disability. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

Re-enlisted December 17. 1863. Died July 21, 1864, 

Re-onlisted. Died of wounds, July 1, 1864. 

Transferred May 4, 1862, to 23d Infantry. 

December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 

October 20, 1864 ; expiration of service. 



January 30, 1863; disability. 

June 1.1865; " 

Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

Died of wounds June 27. 1864, Petersburg. 

Re-enlisted. July 20. 1865; expiration of service. 

July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

October 20. 1864 ; do 

Died October 4, 1862, Newborn. 

August 31, 1864, Andersonville, 
December 17, 1863, to re-enlist, 

October 19, 1864 ; disability. 

Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

Died August 6, 1864. Andersonville. 

May 18. 1S62; disability. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

August 28, 1862; disability. 

Missing since June 3. 1864. 

Killed February 8, 1862. Roanoke Island. 

Re-enlisted. July 1.3, 1865; expiration of service. 

•' June 29, •' do 

Died of wounds May 15. 1854, Petersburg, 
Ile-enlistcd. Deserted April 7, 1865, 

" Missing since June 3, 1864. 

Died November 24, 1864, Florence, 
luly 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
October 20, 1864; do 

August 23, 1864; disability. 



36 



562 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY .—THEEE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 



Date of 

Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY E. — CON. 

Conliii. Patrick, 
Corliss, Patrick, 
Cronin, John, 
Croniii, Patrick, 
Cuddv, Patrick, 
Cuff, 'Brian, 
Daley. John, 
Daniels, Richard H., 
Dohertj-, James. 
Donlan, Edward, 
Donahue, Michael, 
Empey, Robert, 
Falvey, Patrick, 
Farrell, John, 
Fineg.an. Patrick, 
Foley, Thomas, 
Gardner. David, 
Green, John, 
Gunigle, James, 
Hagerty, Patrick, 
Henrithy, Terrence, 
Hickey, Peter, 
Houston, Edward B., 
Jameson, John, 
Kirby, Daniel, 
Lamb, Patrick, 
Lanergan, James, 
Laverty, Oliver P., 
Leonard, Martin, 
ilasterson. John, 
McCann, Ross, 
McCann, Felix, 
McCue, Martin, 
McDonough, Patrick, 
McDevitt, William, 
McKenna, Ambrose, 
McLaughlin, John H., 
McMahon, Michael, 
McTiernan, James, 
Morrissey, William, 
Murphy, Patrick, 
Mulloy, JaiTies, 
Nugent, Nicholas, 
O'Boyle, Thomas, 
O'Connell, Dennis, 
O'Connor, James, 
O'Nicl, Arthur, 
O'Neil. John, 
O'Sullivan, John, 
Phealon, Richard, 
Piper, Alfred, 
Rattigan, John, 
Riley, Bernard E., 
Riley, James, 
Roach, Michael, 
Rj'an. John, 
Smith Ephraim, 
Smith, Francis, 
Sweeney, Edward, 
Tole, Patrick, 
Ward, Napoleon, 

COMPANY F. 

Gill, Franklin, 
Pollard, Howard, 
Scaver, Alexander H., 
Pmith, Moses, 
Warren, Marshall E., 



Sept. 16, 
Aug. 25, 
Oct. 7, 

Jan. 5. 
Sept. 19, 
May 14, 
Aug. 1, 
Sept. 10, 
Oct. 16, 
July 22, 
Sept. 10, 
Oct. 9, 
Sept. 10, 
Mar. 16, 
Oct. 3, 
Feb. 16, 
Oct. 11, 
Sept. 19, 
Oct. 12, 
Sept. 10, 
30, 
June 3, 
Mar. 8, 
Sept. 17, 
Feb. 5, 
Mar. 11, 
Sept. 10, 
Oct. 16, 
Sept. 19, 
Jan. 4, 
Sept. 10, 
July 28, 
Oct. 3, 

Mar. 9, 
Oct. 3, 
Dec. 2, 
Sept. 18, 
May 22, 
Sept. 10, 
Oct. 2, 
Jan. .5, 
Dec. 8, 
Sept. 27, 
22. 
Dec. 17, 
Sept. 10. 
Jan. 2, 
Sept. 14, 
10, 
Feb. 10, 
July 22, 
June 23, 
Mar. 21, 
Sept. 16, 
" 18, 
" 1.5, 
" 10, 
Jan. 19, 
Sept. 10, 



'61 Re-enlisted. Died March 7, 1865, Baltimore. 
'64 July 13, ]865; expiration of service. 
'61 Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
' April 18, 1862; dishonorably. 
'64 Missing since June 3, 1864. 
'61 October 20, 18C4; expiration of service. 
'62 Died September 9, 1SG2, Newbem. 
" Missing since May 16, 1864. 
'61 February 19, 1863 ; disability. 
•• Re-enlisted. Killed May 19, 1864, Petersburg. 
'62 •' August 1, 1865; disability. 

'61 " Died July 18, 1864, Andersonville, 

" December 9, 1863; disability. 
" Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'64 June 29, 1865; expiration of sei-vice. 
'61 May 21, 1863; disability. 
'64 Died September 12. 1864, Andersonville. 
'61 Deserted June 16, 1862. 
" " April 7, " 

" Re-enlisted. June 26, 1865: disability. 
" " July 1.3, 1865; expiration of service. 

" October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
'62 January 18, 1864, to re-enUst. 
'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'62 Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'64 Died November 5, 1864, Florence. 
•' May 20, 1865; disability. 
'61 JulyU, 18"62; " 
" Sept. 6. 1862; " 
'' Deserted April 7, 1862. 
64 March 30, 1865 ; dis.ability. 

'61 Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'62 " '• 28, " do 

'61 December 1, 1863. to re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted. Died July 31. 1864; Andersonville. 
'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'61 January 18, 1864. to re-enlist. 
'63 Killed June 8. 1864. Cold Harbor. 
'61 August 22, 1862; disability. 
'62 March 3, 1863 ; 
'61 Re-enlisted December 1, 1863. 
" " July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of ser\'ice. 
'63 Killed June 3, 1864. Cold Harbor. 
'61 Re-enlisted. Killed June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor. 
'• January 13, 1862; disability. 
'63 July 13, 1865 ; expiration of sei-vice. 
'61 January 6, 1862 ; disability. 
'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'61 Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
" .Tanuary 2, 1864, to re-enlist. 
'64 June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
'62 Re-enlisted. July 13. 1865; expiration of service. 
'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
,g4 .. .. u 

'61 Re-enlisted. Died April 1, 1865, Newbem. 

" " Killed May 9, 1864, Petersburg. 

'• October 20, 1864; expiration of sei-vice. 

" Xtcserted August 6. 1862. 

'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 

'61 October 20, 1864; " 



July 24, '62 October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

21, •' Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service, 
Aug. 7. '62 October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
July 21, " •' " do 

15, " 1 " " do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. ngo 

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS.-CONTmuED. 



Names. 



COMPANY G. 

Gotfried Ki-ci.s. S., 
Lansfoid B. Haskins, C. 
Frank F. Knapp, C., 
Charles W. Wilson, C, 
John Haas, M., 
Allen, Joseph P., 
Bubser, Joseph, 
Coughlin, Michael, 
Elliott, George S., 
Erhardt, Joseph, 
Gautner, Eugene, 
Gleason. Samuel, 
Greer, John D., 
Hass, Carl, 
Hogan, Patrick, 
Jacoby, Fred, 
Jones, William, 
Koalch, Richard, 
Mahan, John, 
Maple, Maxim, 
Maybaum, Carl, 
Mclntire, William, 
Orfall, Joseph, 
Skink, Frederick F., 
Tainter, David, 
Ward, Hiram F., 
Werner. George, 
Weyer, Rudolph, 

COMPANY H. 

Thomas Gleason, S. 
Roberts. Crane. 8., 
Albert F. Bartlett, C, 
George A. Bixby, C, 
Francis Bridges, C., 
Willard Cheney, jr., C., 
Albert 8. Tliompson, M., 
Joseph Johnson. W., 
Brancroft, Edwin W., 
Bannister. Henry M., 
Bartlett, Alfred F., 
Barnard, Edward L., 
Batten, George 8., 
Bixby, George A., 
Burnham. Charles L., 
Clements, Walter 8., 
Coffin, George A., 

Crane, Robert S., 

Curtis, Charles F., 

Estey, J.ames R., 

Feniald, Henry W., 

Fisher, Charles F., 

Forbes. Moses 8., 

Gates, Frederick L., 

Hall, Samuel T., 

Hill. Lj-ruan E., 

Hudson, William, 

Kent, George E., 

Lamed, George C, 

Lawrence, Edward P., 

Lewis. Reuben L., 

McKnight, Gilbert L., 

Morse. Rufus E., 

Noves, Leroy D., 

Perkins. William, 

Potter. Ferdinand M., 

Roekwood. Edward P., 

Rice, Charles L., 



Late of 
Muster. 



Sept. 12, 

July 18, 

Oct, 1, 

" 31, 



October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

May25. 1S65; disability. 

Died 1864, Newburyport. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 



Mav 26, 
Sept. 14. 
Nov. 20, 
June 3, 
Sept. 10, 
18, 



Oct. 



16, 
25, 
1, 
Feb, 29, 
Sept. 14, 
Feb. 24, 
Apr. 1, 
Sept. 20, 
Jan. 3, 
Sept. 25, 
July 29, 
Oct. 5, 
June 28. 
Oct. 22, 

9, 
2, 

23," 



Remarks. 



May 8,1863; disability. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

June 12, 1865; expiration of service. 

March 18, 1S63; disability. 

October 20. 1864; expiration of service. 

Killed Feb. 8, 1862, Roanoke Island 

Re-enlisted. Killed June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor. 

killed May 6, 1864, Drurj''s Blufl". 

May 6, 1863; disability. 

Died July 20. 1S64, Aiidersonville 

October 20. 1864; expiration of service. 

July 10. 1865; " 

Transferred Feb. 28, 1863, to 3d New York Artillery. 

Re-enhsted Died July 29. 1864, Fortress Monroe. 

duly 13, 1865; expiration of service. 

August 12, 1862; disability. 

■Re-enlisted. Died Nov. 16, 1864, Millen, Ga 

Died August 24, 1863, Newbern. 
V- October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
'61 September 19, 1862; disability. 

Died August 24. 1863, Newbern. 
October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
July 13, 1865; " 

Missing since May 16, 1864. 
January 2, 1S64, to re-enUst. 

'• 18, " 
May 1. 1862, for incompetency. 
October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

January 14, 1863; disability, 

January 2, 1864, to re-enlist. 

Died December 3, 1862, Newbern. 

November 28, 1802; disability. 

January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted. July 21, 1865; expiration of service. 

Re-enlisted. " 13. " u 

pied December 24, 1863, Newbern 

January 18, 1S64. to re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted. Died December 29, 1864, Newbern 

Died January 1, 1S63. Newbern. 

January 18, iS64. to re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted. Killed June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor. 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service 

Ke-enlisted. July 13, 1865 ; expiration of service 

o„* I on -.oP,'"""'"';'^^ ^'^P'"- '^' '•'•'• Transport Mars. 

October 20, 1864 ; expiration of service. 

Died August 7, 1862, Newbern. 

Died October 10, " " 

October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

TransfcrredJanuary 1, 1863, to 51st Infantry. 

I Missing since June 3, 1864. 
October 20. 1864; expiration of service. 
November 19. 1863; disability. 
Died December 24. 1861. Annapolis 
Re-cniisted. July ID, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Re-enli8ted. July 17,1865; disability. 

" Died October 10, 1S64, Charleston. 



564 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued, 



Name.s. 



Date of 
Muster. 



Remarks. 



COMPANY H.— CON. 

Smith, Frank, L., 
Ward, Samuel W., 
Webber, Christ'r W. L., 
Wellington, Frank W., 

COMPANY I. 

Francis Freeman, W., 
Conner, William B., 
Loverly, Frank, 
Pond, Lowell, 

COMPANY K. 

Robert T. Chapman. 8., 
Luke T. Drury, S., 
Nathan B. Drury, S., 
Luke T. Drury, C, 
Edwin C. Abbott, C, 
Theodore Barber, C, 
Guilford C. Blaisdell, C, 
Warren O. Collester, C, 
Charles E. Jelly, C, 
John E. Lewis, C, 
Samuel Thurston. C, 
Benjamin F. Ware, C., 
Henry A. Sanders, M.. 
Joshua R. Parmenter, W., 
Abbott, Edwin C, 
Adams, John Q., 
Barnes, Gardner F., 
Barber, Theodore, 
Bellows. Henry H., 
Blaisdell, G. C, 
Chapman, Robert T., 
Coffin, Edmund, 
Collins, Cornelius P., 
Collistcr, Warren O., 
Demond. Channcey P., 
Dennis, John C, 
Devereaux. John H., 
Drury, Nathan B., 
Eaton, Joseph, 
Edwards, Albert W., 
Edwards, Stanley W., 
Edwards. William H., 
Gates, Theodore N., 
Hall. Charles 8., 
Houghton, James B., 
Jelly, Charles E., 
Lathan. William, 
Lewis. John E., 
Marcy, George P., 
Maynard. Sylvester C, 
Mills. Benjamin F., 
Miller, Benjamin, 
Murdock. William E., 
Padelford, John M. W., 
Parmenter. Cyrus T., 
Perry, John, 
Poland, Charles A., 
Pratt, Albert W., 
Pratt. Edwin F., 
Preston, Samuel H., 
Pushee, Sidney A., 
Richardson, Solomon, 
Shaw. Andrew, 
Sherman, Edward M.. 
Sibley, Frank S.. 
Smith, Benjamin F., 



Sept. 20, '61 January 2, 1864, to re-en!ist. 

Apr. 1, '62 October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 

Sept. 24, '61 April 9, 1862; disability. 

16, '• October 20, 1864 ; expiration of service. 



Oct. 11, '' 
Sept. 6, '■ 
July 24, '62 
Oct. 2, '61 



Jan. 
Dec. 

Sept. 



Jan. 
Dec. 

li 
Jan. 

Sept. 
Jan. 
Sept. 



Dec. 
Sept. 
Jan. 
Sept. 



Apr. 

Sept. 
Nov. 
Sept. 



" 17, 

" 21, 

" 17. 

" 16, 

Jan. 19, 

Sept. 17, 

'• 21, 

Jan. 19, 

Dec. IS, 

Jan. 19, 

Sept. 21, 

July 26, 

Feb. 27, 

June 18, 

Sept. 21, 



October 16, 1864; expiration of service, 
March 30, 1863, for'wounds. 
Died September 10, 1S64, rebel prison. 
October 30, 1864; expiration of service. 



Died Oct. 1. 1864. Charleston. 
February 3, 1865; disability. 
July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
Re-enhsted. 

•Tuly 13, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
" do 

'• '■ do 

Killed May 9. 1864, Petersburg. 
Missing since May 16, 1864. 
Killed June 3, 1864, Cold Harbor. 

May 16, 1864, Drury's Bluflf. 
July 25, 1865. 
May 31, 1862; disability. 
July 22, 1865; expiration of service. 
December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 
Died October 6, 1864. Newbern. 
Re-enlisted. Died May 26, 1864, Richmond, 
January 18, 1864, to re-enUst, 

Re-enlisted. 

May 9, 1862 ; disability. 

January 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 

lie-enlisted December 17, 1863. 

Died of wounds July 10, 1864, Worcester. 

April 7. 1863; disability. 

Died of wounds July 22. 1864, Petersburg 

Re-enlisted. December 17, 1863. 

" Killed May 16, 1864. Drury's Bluff. 

" July 13. 1865; expiration of service. 

" Died Feb. 9, 1865, Florence. 

Transferred May 18, 1864, to V. R. C. 
Dis.ability. 

February 14, 1863; disability. 
April 24, " " 

December 17, 1863, to re-enlist. 

Re-enlisted. Died September 24, 1864, rebel prison. 
December 16, 1863. to re-enlist. 
Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service, 

October 20. 1864 ; expiration of service. 

Re-enlisted. Killed May 16. 1864, Drury's Bluff. 

January 2, 1864, to re-enlist. 

October 20, 1864 ; expiration of service. 
'64 July 13. 1865; expiration of service. 
'61 Died Charleston. 

Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'64 July 13, 1865; expiration of service. 
'63 " " " 

'64M.arch2, 1865; disability. 
'61 May 23. 1863; 

'62 October 20, 1864; expiration of service. 
'04 Died August 24. 1864. Andersonville. 
'62 May 1, 1863; disability. 
'61 March 14, 1864: " 

November 28, 1862 ; disability 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. c^t 

TWENTY-FIFTH KEGIMEXT INFANTRY—THREE YEARS.-Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY K.— CON. 

Spooner, Horatio B., 
Sylvestor, John 8., 
Thurston, Samuel, 
Ware, Benjamin F., 
Webber, George W., 
Windle, Thomas, 
Witherbee, Etlwin T., 

UNAS.SIGNED RECRDITS. 

Benchley. Albert, 
Broderick, Michael, 
Conovan. Daniel, 
Chambers, Hiram E., 
Conner, Michael, 
Cummings, James B., 
Daley, Thomas, 
Gaynor, Thomas H., 
Grady, Dennis, 
Green, Henry, 
Hogan, John, 
Little, William, 
Mansfield, Wm. M., 
McRea, Anthony, 
Minler. Barney. 
Molloy, Matthew, 
Reason. Martin W., 
Rice, Nathaniel P., 
Schmidt, Charles, 
Thayer, Charles A., 
Walton, Henry 8., 
Walker, John, 



Date of 

Muster. 



Sept. 16, '61 
" 21, 



July 22, '62 
Sep't. 21, '61 



Remarks. 



October 20. 1S64 ; expiration of service. 
January 3, 1S62; disability. 

" 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 

« 2, " 

Trausfen-ed April 24, 1863, to 2d Cav, 
Re-enlisted. July 13, 1865; expiration of service, 
" July 29, 1865, order War Department, 



Aug. 
July 
Jan. 
Aug. 
July- 
Apr. 
May 
Mar. 
July 
May 
Feb. 
July 
Apr. 
Sept. 
Feb. 
June 
July 
Aug. 



'62 



July 28, " 
Apr. 1, " 
Mar. 11, '64 



February 23, 1864; rejected recniit. 



June 10, 1865. 
Disability. 



December 1, 1862; rejected recruit. 



TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INEANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY B. 

Henry M. Green. C., 

COMPANY D. 

Lazelle, Nathan E., 

COMPANY E. 

John A. Brown, C., 

COMPANY I. 

Smith, William, 



Sept. 2, '61 
Aug. 31, '•• 
Sept. 2, " 
14. " 



September 23, 1863, promotion. 
April 12, 1862; disability. 
December 31, 1863, to re-enlist. 
Re-enlisted. Deserted May 11 1864. 



TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEAES. 



COMPANY H. 

Lowell. William J., 
Stevens, Amasa W., 

COMPANY I. 

WilUam A. Nye, 8., 

COMPANY K. 

William Roberts, C, 



Aug. 


15. 


'62 


Oct. 


9, 


'61 


Sept. 


20, 


u 



Re-enlisted. June 15. 1865, order War Department. 
March 13, 1863 ; disability. 

October 9, 1862; disability. 

February 22, 1864; disability. 



TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Allen. John D., 
Hurd. William, 
Sullivan, David O., 



Aug. 7, '63 
July 20, '64 



December 31. 1864; disability. 

June 21, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

Died of wounds, April 26, 1865, Washington, 



566 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT ESTFANTET.— THREE TEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster, 


Remarks. 


COMPANY C. 








Dennis, Healj-, S., 


July 


25, '64 


June 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Dwyer, Edmund, 


Feb. 


7, '65 


" 


Guilbridge, John, 


July 


20, '61 


Transferred to V. R. C. 


COMPANY D. 








Robert F. Louder, C, 


Dec. 


13, '61 


December 8, 1862 ; disability. 


Burke, Richard, 


" 


" 


Sept. 20, 1863; disability. 


Davis, Francis N., 


" 


" 


January 1, 1862; " 


Dodge, Josiali, 


July 


30, '64 


.June 30, 1865; expiration of senace. 


Dowd, Timothy, 


Aug. 


3, '62 


Re-enUsted. June 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


COMPANY E. 








Conway, James, 


Dec. 


13, '61 


January 6, 1863; disability. 


COMPANY H. 








Patrick Brazzell, S., 


Dec. 


13, '61 




Cornelius B. Sullivan, S., 


Feb. 


19, '64 


June 30, 1865 ; expiration of semce. 


Samuel Young, S., 


Dec. 


13,61 


August, 27, 1862; disability. 


Thomas Carroll, C, 




" 


Killed December 13, 1862; Fredericksblirg. 


James Sweeney, C., 


" 


" 


Died March 13, 1864, Richmond. 


Boyle, James, 


" 


" 


October 1, 1862; disability. 


Carr, Michael, 


Jan. 


3, '62 


December 29, 1862 ; " 


Casey, Patrick, 


Dec. 


13. '61 


" 19, 1864; expiration of service. 


Dolan, Michael, 


" 


" 


11 a 11 


Flynn, James, 


" 


" 


May 23, 1863; disability. 


Hackctt, Thomas, 


Jan. 


3, '62 


Died August 22, 1863, Annapolis. 


Hickey, James, 


Dec. 


30, '61 


February 27, 1863 ; disability. 


Holden, James, 


'• 


13, •' 


Died of wounds January 18, 1863. 


McKenna, 


" 


30, " 


Transferred July 1, 1863, to V. R. C. 


O'Donnell, William, 


•' 


13, " 


Killed December 13, 1862, Fredericksburg. 


Schofiold, William H., 


" - 


" 


Slissing since August 10, 1862. 


Sullivan, Cornelius B., 


" 




February 18, 1864, to re-enlist. 


Sullivan, Patrick, 


Jan. 


3, '62 




UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 








Avery, William, 


July 


22, '64 




Robie, John W., 




" 





TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Brady, Micliael A., 

COMPANY B. 

Moore, John G., 

COMPANY C. 

Clarence R. Merriam, C, 
Austin, Jeremiah, 
Hazen, Edward, 
Weiss, George, 

COMPANY D. 

Hamly, James, 
McLaughlin, James, 
Wiggles worth, Eli, 

COMPANY E. 

Klinkler, William, 
Meier, Herman, 
Sargent, Hezekiah S., 

COBIPANY H. 

Doody, William, 
Dwyer, Jeremiah, 



May 21, '61 
Aug. 2, '64 



Aug. 17, '64 
5, 

" 10, 
" 15, 



July 22, 
Aug. 19, 

" 24, 



" 17, " 
11 11 

" 3, " 



10. " 
3, " 



January 1, 1864, to re-enlist. 

July 29, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



June 10, 1865; 



do 
do 
do 
do 



July 29, 1865 ; expiration of service; absent sick. 
June 2, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
July 29, " do 



Killed March 5, 1865, Ptersburg. 
July 29, 1865; expiration of service. 
Died of wounds January 2, 1865. 



July 29, 1865; expiration of service. 
" «< do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 567 

TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continded. 



Niimos. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY I. 




Franz S.iles, C, 


Aug. 17, '64 


September 6. 186.5; expiration of ser\ace. 


Diiismore, Andrew, 


Jan. 24, '64 


February 19. 1S63; disability. 


Hilly, Michael, 


Aug. 6, '64 


April 28. 1865, order "War Department. 


Murphy, Daniel, 


" 17. " 


August 8, 1865; expiration of seryice. 


Doherty, James, 


Aug. 26, '64 


.. .1 .< 


Greurier, Michael, 


'• 16, " 


Deserted to the enemy, February 15, 1865. 


Labonnc, David, 


" 29, " 


July 29, 1865; expiration of service. 



THIRTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Callihan, Michael, 
Carjientcr, Charles, 
Cunningham, James, 
Hacker. Maurice, 
Hart. James. 
Meagher, Luke, 
Raptyrc, Timothy, 



Sept. 


23, '61 


'• 


24, '• 


" 


23, " 


Oct. 


4, " 


Sept. 


23, " 


'■ 


24, " 


Oct. 


4, " 



May 16, 1864; disability. 

December 9, 1862, disability. 

October 17, 1864; expiration of seryice. 

Re-enlisted. July 5, 1866; expiration of service. 

October 17, 1864 ; expiration of service. 

" •' do 
July 1, 1864 : disability. 



THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY B, 

Doyle, James, 

COMPANY E. 

Charles H. Williams, S., 
Young Henry, 

COMPANY F. 

Pratt, William, 

COMPANY G. 

Jacob P. Cutting, C, 
Baldwin. Edward, 
Barton, Henry, 
Dailey, Daniel, 

COMPANY H. 
Charles A. Johnson, C., 
Corne's McGillicuddy, C, 
Egan, James, 
Lakin, Ansel, 

COMPANY K. 

Edward C. Capron, S., 
Hall, Frank, 




4, '64^September 9, 1865; expiration of seryice in Co, A, 

" " do 

Killed April 4, 1864, Sabine Cross Roads, La. 

Re-enlisted. Sept. 9, 1865 : exp'ion of serv. in Co. D. 



July 17. 1862; disability. 
November 27, 1862 ; disability. 
August 11, '' '■ 

Transferred April 20, 1864, to V. R. C. 



Died October 7, 1863. Baton Rouge. La. 
February 23. 1865; expiration of service. 
Deserted February 20, 1862, 
Transferred March 30^ 1864, to V. R. C. 



15, '64 Deserted September 7. 1864, 

22, '65 May 6, 1865. order War Department. 



THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COjrPANY B. 












John P. Penhallow, C, 


Jan. 


2, 


'65 


July 13. 1865, 


order War Department. 


Betts, Charles, R., 


,)ulv 


24, 


'63 


.Tunc 29, 1865 


expiration of service. 


Ham, Henry A., 




27 




June 27, 1866, 


order War Department. 


Howard, Martin, 


Nov. 


30, 


'61 


November 27 


1864; expiration ot service. 


Lawson, Hans, 


Dec. 


l.-) 


64 


June 29. 1865 


exp'ion of service ; absent wounded 


Martaiu, Ludovic, 


July 


24, 


'63 


July 18, 1865; 


order War Department 


Schoen, Frederick, 




2.5, 


" 


June 29, 1S65 


expiration of service. 


Cutting, Joseph B., 


Feb. 


8, 


'64 


" " 


do 


Duprey, Peter, 


Sept. 


7, 


'* 


June 12, 1865 


order War Department, 


COMPANY D. 












Eaton, Charles, 


July 


111 


'63 


June 24, " 


do 


Lange, Joseph, 




18, 


" 


" 29, « 


expiration of service. 


COMPANY E. 










• 


Nelson, John, 


" 


25, 


" 


(1 (f 


expiration of service ; absent sick. 



^68 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY F. 

Lamb, John G., 


Feb. 


27, '62 


October 18, 1S62; disability. 


COMPANY G. 

Shaw, George W., jr., 
Tobin, John, 


July 
Oct. 


13, '63 
22, " 


June 29, 1865: expiration of service; absent sick. 
Missing May 12, 1864. 


COMPANY H. 

Leach, Edward C, 


July 


18, " 


June 29, 1865; expiration of service. 


COMPANY I. 

Bangs, William W., 
Fiuclie, JohB, 


« 


13. " 

24, " 


Died City Point, Va. 

June 29, 1865; expiration of service ; absent sick. 


COMPANY K. 

Morrell, Robert W., 


- 


11, " 


" 8, " order War Department. 


COMPANY L. 

Morrell, David W., 


a 


25, " 


" 22, " do 


COMPANY M. 

Everett. Ricliard, 
Mclntire. Hugh, 
Murphy, John, 


Sept. 
June 
Aug. 


6, '61 
30, '64 
29, '63 


" 29, " disability. 
" •' expiration of service. 
Transferred March 28, 1864, to V. R. C. 


UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

Knox, James C, 


Jan. 


2, '65 


May 6, 1865, rejected recruit. 



THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY U. 

Jason M. Gorham, C., 
Olaffey, John, 

UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 

McCoy, William, 



Dec. 7, '63 Transferred June 1, 1865, to 2d Infantry. 
Feb. 18, '65 '• •' do 

June 24, '64 



THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INEANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

James H. Baldwin, C 
George E. Warren, C, 
Johnll. Bartlett. M., 
Joseph Bolis, W., 
Albce, Edwin, 
Blodgett, Tiba. A.. 
Burbank, Charles W., 
Carey, Patrick, 
Chase. Olney B., 
Dee, William, 
Doner, Edward, 
Jameson, Horatio C, 
Minshan, Timothy, 
Morton, John, 
Morse, Joseph P., 
Bobbins, Ezra L., 
Stone, Edward A., 
Webber, Sylvester, 

COMPANY B. 

Charles W. Pool, M., 
Toole, Michael, 

COMPANY C. 

Cooley, William E., 
Johnson, George T^ 
Kennedy, Thomas P., 
Matherson, Samuel M., 



June 



July 

Dec. 
July 
Nov. 
Aug. 
June 
July 
June 
July 



July 



22 


'62 


31 


'- 


29 


'63 


31 


'62 


16 


'63 


15 


'62 


22 


" 


31 


" 


22 


" 


31 


'^ 


17 


a 


31 


'62 



March 28, 1865. 
June 16, 1865 



expiration 



of 
do 
do 
do 



June 22, '62 
Aug. 1, '■ 



July 13, 

Jan. 5, '64 

July 24, '62 

Dec. 12, '63 



Died August 29, 1864, Andersonville. 
Missing August 15, 1864. 
Died of wounds. May 5, 1865, Washington. 
June 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" do 

Deserted June 20, 1863. 
March 28, 1864; promotion. 
Killed June 5, 1864, Piedmont, Va. 
Died August 11, 1864, Andersonville. 
June 16, 1865 : expiration of service. 
March 27, 1865; disability. 
Transferred February 16, 1864, to V. R. C. 
Deserted September 10, 1862, 

.June 16, 1865; expiration of eervice. 
do 



Deserted July 28, 1862. 

Died January 4, 1865, Annapolis. 

Deserted. 

Transferred March 11, 1865, to V. R. C. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 569 

THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INEANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continced. 



Names. 



COMPANY C. — CON. 
Pierce, Edwin W., 
Pipei-. John, 
Walker, Silas N., 
Welch, James W., 
\Miitcomb, Charles B., 

COMPANY E. 

Albert J. Rugg, S., 
William F. Green, C, 
Alexander Corvel, M., 
Frank 0., Seymour, W., 
Angell. George H., 
Galen, Francis, 
Gardner. Henry, 
Garrit}'. James W., 
Neff, Roland E., 
Parker, Robert D., 
Pierce. Arba, 
Pratt, John A., 

COMPANY F. 

Bent, John E., 
Calligan, Robert, 
Freeman. Ernest F., 
Harrington, John, 
Hineg. John, 
Mahoney, Daniel B., 

COMPANY G. 

Ballou, William A., 
Bemis, William B., 
Carroll, John, 
Flanley. David, 
Lewis, John A., 
Mclver, David H., 
Varona, Francis L., 

COMPANY H. 

William E. Walker, S., 
Frank C. Kiiimicutt, 8., 
Robert B. Sinclair, 8., 
William K. Morse, M., 
Adams. Benjamin. 
Flanley, Francis P., 
Fox. Arthur L.. 
Harding, William P., 
Howard, George E., 
Smith. Woodbury E., 
Weld, George F., 

COMPANY I. 

Albert C. Spear, S., 
Joseph W. Webber, 8., 
Azur W. Barlow, S., 
George H. Gilbert, C, 
Barlow, Edwin W., 
Bliss, Charles H., 
Bovle, Daniel, 
Bai-r, Pliny F., 
Casey, Eijhriam C, 
Caswell, Almon R., 
Farlej-, John, 
Gilbert, Harvey, 
Holmes, D. Bradford, 
Howard, William A., 
McClusky, John 
Moore, Edwin H., 
Moran, George, 



D.ate of 

Muster, 



Sept. 
July 



Sept, 
Dec, 
July 
Jan. 



Remarks. 



Jan, 5, '64 Died of wounds December 26, 1864, Winchester, Va. 
Aug. 15, '62 Transferred February 15, 1864, to V. R. C. 
Dec. 9, '63 " Juno 14, 1865. to 24th Infantry. 

Jan, 4, '64 Died November 17, 1864, Florence. 
July 31, '62 May 27, 1863; disability. 



June 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
July 13, '62 " " do 

^ " " do 

" " do 

'63 Transferred February 11, 1864, to V. R. C. 
'62 Deserted February 2, 1863, 

Transferred February 14, 1864 to V. R. C. 

Deserted March 7, 18"63, 

Transferred June 4, 1865, to 24th Infantry. 

February 10, 1865, to V. R. C. 

62 Deserted November 1, 1862. 

'64 Transferred February 18, 1865, to V. R, C. 



July 31, '62 June 16, 1865; expiration of sei-vice. 

Aug. 4," October 10, 1863 ; dishonorably. 

Dec. 2, '63 March 11, 1865; disability. 

Sept, 16, " Transferred June 14, 1805, to 24th Infantry 

Nov. 19, " Killed September 19, 1864, Wiachester, Va. 

Aug. 4, '62 October, 10, 1862; disability. 



July 12, '63 

28, '62 
Aug. 6, 
" 2 
July 18. 

24; 
Oct. 20, '63 



July 16, '62 

• 18," 
June 8, " 
July 22, " 
Nov, 12, '63 
Oct. 19, 
Jan, 25, '64 
Nov, 12, '6; 
June 23, '6; 
July 21, " 
24, " 



July 31, '62 



June 



13, " 

31, " 

22, " 

31, " 



Expiration of service. 

Wounded and prisoner. 

Deserted. 

Died Harper's Ferry. 

Wounded, Piedmont. 
Transferred to V, R. C. 



Promoted. 

Order War Department. 

Sickness. 

Transferred to V. R. C. 

Wounded. 

Killed, Piedmont. 

Transferred to 24th Infantry. 

Expiration of service. 

Promoted. 

Wounded, Harper's Ferry. 



June 16, 1865; expiration of service. 
Killed September 19, 1S64. Winchester, Va, 
June 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Died of wounds May 4, 1865, Hampton, Va. 
Killed July 18, 1804. Island Ford, Va. 
December 26. 1802; disability. 
Died December 11, 1864. Danville, Va. 
June 15. 1865; expiration of service. 

" do 

" do 

July 19. 1865 ; dishonorably. 
Killed June 5. 1864, Piedmont, Va, 
■July 28, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Transferred February 8, 1864, to V. R. C. 
May 18, 1863; disability. 
June 30. 1865; expiration of service. 
Died July 30, 1864, Sandy Hook, Md. 



570 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

TmRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INEANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY I.— CON. 










Murik'll, James, 


July 


31. 


'62 


June 16, 1865; expir.ation of service. 


Needham, John A., 








Killed October 13, 1864, Stickney's Farm, Va. 


Pratt, James N., 


a 






M.ay, 7, 1863; disability. 


Rosp, Heury L., 


'< 






Transferred February 15, 1864, to V. R. C. 


Smith, David A., 


" 






June 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Spear, Daniel C, 


" 






Transferred Febsuary 18, 1864, to V, R, C. 


St. Peter, Samuel, 


" 






Deserted August 10, 1862. 


Stewart, Albert M., 


" 






Killed May 15, 1864, New Market, Va. 


Stowe, Harvey D., 


" 






Killed April 2. 1865, Petersburg. 


Truesdell, Harvey E., 


" 






Died March 7, 1864, Harper's Ferry. 


Washburn. Alfred D., 


" 






Died July 4, 1864, Martinsburg. 


Wolcott, Abner, 


" 






May 29, 1865 ; disability. 


Wright, Franklin T., 


" 






August 12, 1863 ; " 


COMPANY K. 










Burgess, Edwin D., 


Dec. 


31, 


'63 


Killed May 15, 1864, New Market, Va. 


Skinner, John H., 


.Jan. 


6, 


'64 


Transferred June 14. 1865. to 24th lufanU-y. 


Wilson, Charles H. 


Nov. 


28. 


'63 


May 22, 3865, order War Department. 


UNASSIGNED RECRDITS. 










Fay, Eugene L., 


Jan. 


5, 


'64 


January 19, 1864, rejected recruit. 


Lewis, George C., 


" 


' 




" 24, " " 


King, Benjamin, 


" 


4, 


" 


" 16, " " 


Ward, Thomas, 


" 


"» 


u 


December 28, 1864; disability. 


Wheeler, George R., 


Nov. 


11, 


'63 


Returned November 28. 1863, to Navy as deserter. 



THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



John Gardner. 

COMPANY A. 

Marshall, James A., 

COMPANY 0. 

A. Fernando Bailey, 8. , 
Fred'k W. Briggs, S. 
John W. Bacon, S., 
Charles H. Boswell, 8., 
George E. Freemau, 8., 
Alonzo 8. Putnam, 
Israel Ward. S., 
Elliot R. Blake, C, 
George F. Bowles, C, 
Walter CUssold, C, 
Fred'k L. Fisk, C, 
Fanning S. Mcrritt, C, 
George H. Mills, C, 
Henry H. Rice, C, 
Charles W. Wood, C, 
Ezra Blanchard, M.. 
Harrison A. Bennett, W.. 
Adams, George T., 
Allen. Horace N., 
Bangs, Edward P., 
Bassett. George E., 
Bixby, Jacob W., 
Blake, George P., 
Boswell, James S., 
Bottoraly, Charles S., 
Bradley, Thomas H., 
Brown, Archibald L., 
Brooks, Lewis M., 
Bruso, Joseph. Jr., 
Butterwcrth, Jonathan, 
Buxton, Joseph, 
Carpenter, Edward N., 
Chtunbers, Hiram E., 



July 15. '62 Principal Musician. 



Aug. 15, 



Aug. 



14, " 
4, " 
14, " 
11, " 



15, " 

12, " 

14, " 
11, " 

4, " 

8, " 

15, " 

11, " 
4, " 

15, " 

12, " 
it 

14, " 

13, " 
12, '' 

15, " 
12, " 

9, " 

12, >' 

13, " 



14, " 

u 

15, " 



December 8, 1862. 



Killed May 12, 1864, Spottsylvania. 
November 7, 1864, ; disability. 
June 8. 1865; expiration of sei-vice. 
Died February 15. 1864, Belle Isle, Richmond. 
Killed May 12, 1864. Spottsylvania. 
Transferred March 1.3, 1864, to V, R. C. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
•' do 

' » do 

Transferred January 9, 1865, to V. R. C. 
June 8, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Killed Miiy 12, 1864, Spottsylvania. 
.June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
Died wounds, June 1, 1864, Washington. 
June 8, 1S65; expiration of service. 

■ '' do 

" do 

Transferred March 16, 1864, to V. R. C. 

" toV.R.C. 

June 8, 1S65 ; expiration of service, 

•' " do 

" " do absent wounded. 

January 8, 1864: disability. 
Died July 19, 1863, Milldale, Miss. 
June 12, 1865, order War Department. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 

" " do 

Died September 3, 1863, Cincinnati. 
June 8, 1865 ; expiration of sei-vice. 

" " do 

" « do 

" " do 

Died August 9, 1863, Cairo, HI. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 5^1 

THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— CONTINIIED. 



Names. 



COMPANY C— CON. 

Converse, Merrick B., 
Connor, Thomas, 
Curtis, Eben T., 
Cutting, William A., 
Daniels, Myron M., 
Davis, Luke K., 
Dixon, Dwight J., 
Duckworth, Franklin, 
Fuller, Barnard, 
Gates, Frederick S., 
Gleason, Levi L., 
Hodgkins, Daniel, 
Humphreys, Henry H., 
Hyde, Charles, 
Kelly, Frank S., 
Ladd, Lyman S., 
Lawrence, William, 
Locke, Thomas W., 
Logee, Stephen F., 
Loring, Charles F. 
Lovell. Henry, 
Loughlin, Michael. 
Marshall Emanuel K., 
Merritt, Jesse 8., 
Miller, Riley A., 
Miner Edward M., 
Noyes, Charles F., 
Nye, Frederick. 
Olin, William N., 
Parker, Charles W., 
Park, Daniel II., 
Plaisted William A., 
Rawson, George A., 
Rawson, Joseph D-, 
Rawson, Lewis N., 
Reynolds, Lucius A., 
Robinson, Clark, 
Ruth, Frederick, 
Searles, Edwin, 
Smith, Israel II., 
Smith, William A., 
Stevens, Henry C., 
Stowe, George W., 
Stone, Marshall, 
Taynton, Charles H., 
Thompson, John A., 
Towne, Charles E., 
Twichell, Hartwell C, 
Ward, Hiram G. 
Wedge, Joseph H., 
^Vllipple Albert H., 
Whitcomb, Calvin M., 

COMPANY E. 

Bovden, David, 
Gilbert, Charles L., 
Lathrop, Walter D., 
Whitney, William F., 

COMPANY F. 

Howe, Samuel G., 

COMPANY G. 

Henrj' G. Patrick, C, 
John Gardner, M., 
Coughlin, Francis, 
Vibert, Hiram, 



Date of 
Muster. 



Aug. 15, '62 



5, " 



11, '' 





5, 


" 




15, 


" 




1-t, 


" 




12, 


a 




8, 


" 




13, 


" 




12, 


" 




27, 


" 




4, 


" 




15, 


" 




4, 


" 




13, 


" 




15, 
8, 
4, 
12, 
13, 
15, 


a 




8, 

4, 

14, 

20, 

4, 

14, 


a 




15, 
14, 
12, 
11, 
11, 
15, 
9. 
13, 

n, 


I 


Feb. 


29, 


'6-1 


Aug 


11, 

8, 

12, 


'02 


" 


4, 


" 



2. " 



12, 



Oct, 14. '64 

Aug. 15, '62 

•• 10, " 

" 4, " 



Remarks. 



Died October 14, 1864. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
February, 4, 1863; disability. 
Junes, 1865; expiration of service. 
Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 
Transferred January 1, 1865, to V. R. C. 
Died April 12. IS64. 
Transferred March 4, 1864, to V. R. C. 
Juno 8, 1865; expiration of sei-vice. 
Transferred November 17. 1864, to V. R. C. 
May 25, 1865, ordsr War Department. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 

" " do 

February 2, 1864 ; disability. 
Died May 8, 1864. 
January 4, 1863 ; disability. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
July 16, 1863 ; disability. 
Transferred to V. R. C. 
November, 27, 18.53 ; disability 
.lune 8, 1865 ; expiration of service'. 
Killed May 12. 1864, Spottsylvania. 
May 11, 1864 ; disability. 
April 29. 1863; " 

June 8, 1865; expir.ation of service. 
Deserted October 27, 1862. 
June 8, 1865 ; expiration of sei-vice ; absent sick, 

'• " expiration of service. 
" do 

Died September 4, 1863 ; Cincinnati. 
Died May 13, 1864; Andersonville. 
June 8, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Transferred to V. R. C. 

•' January 15, 1864, to V.R.C. 

June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
Died July 7, 1864 ; Andersonville. 
Died of wounds, July 30, 1864; Washington, 
Died August 7. 1864 ; Andersonville. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 

9, '' order War Department. 
Died September 27, 1863, NicholasvUle. 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
May 5, 1864; disability. 

" 11, " 
June 8, 1865; expiration of service, absent sick. 
Transferred January 15, 1864, to V. R. C. 
Transferred June 8, 1865, to ISth Infantry. 
Died August.21. 1864 ; Andersonville. 
Deserted September 24, 1863, 
.June 8, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Tran.sferred December 19, 1864, to V. R. C. 
June 8, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



June 8, 1865; expiration of service. 
Transferred January 5, 1864, to V. R. C. 
June 8, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
■ " do 



October 28, 1863; disability. 



Transferred June 8, 1865, to 56th Infantry. 
June 8. 1865; expiration of service in Co. B. 
Deserted June 9, 1863. 

" September 12, 1862, 



572 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INF AJSTTRY.— THREE TEARS.— Contitjced. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster. 




Remarks, 


COMPANY H. 










John G. Brewer, 8., 


Jan. 


2, '64 


Transferred June 8, 1865, to 56th Infantry. 


Goodress, Thomas, 


" 


" 


" 


" " do 


Williams, Joseph, 


Nov. 


16, " 


" 


do 


COMPANY I. 










Albert Patterson, 8., 


Jan. 


2, '64 


June 9, 1865, 


as supernumerary. 


Adams. Charles B., 


Aug. 


8, '62 


'• 8, " 


expiration of service. 


Bigelow, Solomon S., 


" 


5, " 


Died August 


25, 1863, Nicholasville. 


Glasgow, William, 


Jan. 


2, '64 


Transferred June 8, 1865, to 56th Infantry. 


McEvoy, Thomas, 


" 


" 


" 


" " do 


COMPANY K. 










Peter Lynch, S., 


" 


" 


(( 


" " do 


Moses A. Chamberlain, C., 


" 


5, " 


" 


" " do 


James Clancy, C, 


" 


2, " 


" 


" do 


Corey, Edward B., 


Mar. 


20, '65 


" 


" " do 


Dewing, Charles P., 


Aug. 


9, '62 


Deserted Ap 


•il 18, 1863. 


Dover, Pierre F., 


Mar. 


4, '64 


Transferred June 8, 1865, to 56th Infantry. 


Fallon, Thomas, 


Jan. 


2, " 


" 


do 


Fluddy, Patrick, 


Feb. 


16, " 


" 


" " do 


Harper, Henry M., 


Jan. 


2, " 


Transferred to 66th Infantry. 


Hines, William, 


Fob. 


12, " 


" 


do 


Hopkins. John, 


Nov. 


10, " 


" 


do 


Kelley. William F., 


Jan. 


2, " 


" 


do 


Lanckton, Timothy J., 


Mar. 


9, " 


" 


do 


McCue, John, 


Jan. 


2. " 


" 


do 


McManus, Larkin, 


Nov. 


lo' " 


K 


00 


Morse, Joseph E., 


Jan. 


2, " 


" 


do 


Oakes, Barney, 


Mar. 


9, " 


" 


do 


Waters, Levi, 


Jan. 


2, " 


U 


do 



THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY F. 
Lysander Chaffin, W., Aug. 30. '62 June 21, 1865; expiration of service. 



THIRTY-ISriNTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Marteau, Ladovic, 
Schoen, Frederick, 

COMPANY B. 

Botts, Charles R., 
Ham, Henry A., 

COMPANY C. 

Gordon, Orange 8., 
Lange, Joseph, 
Welch, Charles, 

COMPANY D. 

Nelson, John, 
Walsh, Michael, 

COMPANY F. 

Shaw, George W., jr., 

COMPANY G. 

Delany, Jack M., 
Leach, Edward C., 

COMPANY H, 

Fink, John, 



July 


24, '63 

25, " 




24, " 
27, " 


« 


14. '62 

24, '63 

25, " 


" 


« 


(( 


13, " 


Sept 
July 


2, '62 
18, '63 


» 


24," 



Transferred June 2, 1865, to 32d Infantry. 
" do 



do 
do 



May 24, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
Transferred June 2, 1865, to 32d Infantry. 
" do 



do 
do 



do 



Deserted July 9, 1863. 

Transferred June 2, 1865. to 32d Infantry. 



do 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. tyi 

THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS —Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY I. 
Bangs, William W., 
Morrill, Robert W., 

COMPANY K. 

Earlo, Anthony, 
Morrill, DavicfW., 



Date of 
Muster. 



July 13, '63 
11. 



Remarks. 



Transferred June 2, 1865, to 32d Infantry. 
" " do 



January 5, 1865, promotion. 
Transferred June 2, 1865, to 32d Infantry. 



FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

George L. Bundy, 8., 
Brown, John, 

COMPANY B. 

Borley, Joseph E., 
Storz, William A., 

COMPANY D. 

Reed, Joseph W., 

COMPANY E. 

Samuel Bell, C, 
Esau, Albert E., 
Lee, Philip, 

COMPANY F. 

A. F. Hemmcnway, 8., 
Ebbits, William H. H., 
Robinson, Richard, 

COMPANY H. 

Johnson, John H., 

DNASSIGNED RECR0ITS. 
Rowe, George B., 
Torrey, Henry, 
Toppin, Elisha, 



Mar. 30, '63 December 24, 1863; disability. 

August 20, 1865; expiration of service. 



July 11, » 
Dec. 2, " 



3, " 

Oct. 22, " 
July 11, '< 



Apr. 23, " 
July 14, " 
Apr. 23, " 



July 11, " 



do 
do 



do 



do 
do 
do 



do 
do 
do 



Killed June 1, 1864. 



Sept. 3, '64 Transferred to 55th Infantry. 
Aug. 24, " '^ do 

12, " I " do 



FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY C. 

Rowe, George B. , 
Torrey, Henry, 

COMPANY H. 

James P. Brown, C. 

COMPANY I. 

Toppin, Elisha, 

COMPANY K. 

Thompson, Isaac, 



Sept. 3, '64 
Aug. 24, 



Dec. 21, '63 
Aug. 12, '64 
Feb. 7, '65 



August 29, 1865; expiration of service, 
" do 



do 
do 
do 



FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.-THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 

Moses A. Chamberlain, S., 

COMPANY B. 

John G. Brewer, 8., 
Goodress, Thomas, 
Hines, William, 
Efelley, William F., 
McManus, Larkin, 
Oakos, Barney, 
Waters, Levi, 



Jan. 5, '64 

' 1, " 

i a 

Feb. 22, " 
Jan. 1, " 
Nov. 10, " 
Mar. 9, " 
Jan. 1, " 



July 12, 1865 ; expiration of service. 



22, 



do 

do absent sick, 

expiration of service. 

do 

do 

do 
order War Department. 



574 WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 

FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued, 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY C. 

Finneran, John, 
Glasgow, William, 


Jan. 1, '64 


July 12, 


1865 ; expiration of service. 
" do 


COMPANY D, 

Douer, Pierre F., 
Lanckton, Timothy, 
Morse, Joseph E., 


Mar. 14, " 

9, " 

Jan. 1, " 




" do 

" expiration of service, absent sick. 

" do 


COMPANY E. 

Harper, Henry M., 
Patrick, George H., 


Oct, 4, " 


" " do 
August 7, 1865; order War Department. 


COMPANY F. 

William Burse, C, 
Hopkins, John, 


Nov. 18, " 
" 10, " 


July 12, 


1865; expiration of service. 
" do 


COMPANY G. 

Fly, Edward, 
Williams, Joseph, 


Sept. 24, " 
Nov. 16, " 


June 8, 
July 12 


1865, order War Department. 
, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


COMPANY H. 

Clancy, James, 
Fallan, Thomas, 
McCue, John, 
McEvoy, Thomas, 


Jan. 1, " 

a a 


(1 


" do 
" do 
" do 
" do 


COMPANY I. 

Lynch, Peter, 
Towne, Charles E., 


Mar. 17, " 


<i 


" do 
do 


COMPANY K. 

Corey, Edward B., 
Fluddy, Patrick, 


" 20, '65 
Feb. 16, '64 


u 


do 
do 



FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY A. 






Dexter C. Nelson, S., 


Jan, 4, '64 


June 6, 1865, supernumerary. 


Alberts. Allen, S., 


" •' 


"24, " order War Department. 


Cater, Silas N., 


<. <i 


Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 


Davis, John, 


il u 


May 16, 1865; disability. 


Gillin, Michael, 


" " 


Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 


Gloucester, Thomas, 


<t a 


Deserted Augiist 29, 1864. 


JosUn, Philemon C., 


li a 


October 15, 1864; disability. 


Lawson, Georsre, 


11 u 


Deserted May 6, 1864. 


Lee, William S., 


11 11 


July 30, 1865; expiration of sei*vice, absent. 


Maghnie, Daniel, 


" " 


Killed May 12. 1804, Spottsylvania. 


Masa, Thomas, 


11 11 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service, absent. 


Morris, Michael, 


11 11 


Died October 16, 1864, Andersonville. 


O'Connor, Daniel, 


(1 11 


Missing May 6, 1864. 


Petty, Adam, 


" " 


July 30, 1865 ; expir.ition of service. 


Porter, Adolphus, 


11 11 


April 11, 1865; disability. 


Rice, William H., 


" 11, " 


April 24, 1864; 


Rugg, Charles H., 


" 4, " 


Missing May 6, 1864. 


Smith, Alfred, 


a u 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Tappan, Francis, 


U 11 


June 27, 1865, order War Department. 


Teague, John, 


(( i( 


'• 15, " " 


COMPANY B. 






Samuel Souther, S., 


11 i( 


Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 


James B. Freeman, S., 


U 11 


Missing '• " 


Henry J. Fuller, C, 


II 11 


t( 11 i( 


John Midgley, C, 


" " 


October 30, 1865 ; disability. 


Brewer, Warren E., 


11 (1 


June 14, 1865, order War Department. 


Buckley, Jerry, 


11 11 


Died Februarv 8. 1865, Baltimore. 


Burke, Thomas, 


" 11, " 


Killed May 24, 1864, N. Anna River, Va. 


Clark, Robert, 


11 a 


July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Donahue, John, 


" 4, " 


Jime 13, 1865, order War Department. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 575 

FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS.— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 

Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY B. — CON. 








Fleming, Michael, 


Jan. 


4, '64 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Hooley, Daniel, 


'■ 


"• 


Died August 10, 1864, David's Is. N. Y. Harbor. 


Hood, Gi'orge P., 


" 


" 


Died July 2, 1864, Annapolis. 


Inman, George J., 


" 


11, " 


.July 30, 1865; expiration of service, absent Bick. 


Killy, Martin, 


" 


•' 


Missing July, 30, 1804. 


Leary, John, 


" 


4,^ " 


Died June 17, 1864, Petersburg. 


Lyons, Patrick, 


" 




July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Marat, Michael, 


a 


" 


May 11, 1865, order War Department, 


Moore, Lewis, 


" 


" 


Killed May 6, 1864. 


Murray, John, 


" 


" 


July 30, 1865: expiration of service. 


Newton, Charles H., 


" 


11, " 


do 


O'Connor, James, 


" 


4, " 


June 29. 1864, rejected recruit. 


Peircc, Royal 8., 


" 


" 


.July .30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Roland, Lewis, 


" 


11, ■' 


Deserted March 1, 1864. 


Sawyer, Warren W., 


u 


4, '• 


December 21, 1864: disability. 


Swan, James 8., 


" 


" 


Deserted February 24, 1864. 


Tobev, John G., 


" 


" 


October 15, 1364; disability. 


Ward, Peter, 


" 


" 


July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Waters, Hugh, 


u 


(1 


•June 29, 1864, rejected recruit. 


COMPANY C. 








Conway, Edw.-ird, 


Apri 


6, " 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Ellis, Albert F., 


" 


" 


'• " order War Department. 


Kelly, Michael, 


Feb. 


18, " 


" " expiration of service. 


COMPANY D. 








Franklin Boyden, M., 


Jan. 


25, " 


Deserted April 25, 1864. 


Charles F. Everett, M., 


" 


" 


Wounded May 6. 1864, supposed dead. 


Martin McMahon, M., 


Aug. 


29, " 


June 16, 1865, order War Department. 


Bates, Charles A., 


Feb. 


18, " 


March 18, 18G5 ; disability. 


Hudson, George N., 


Jan. 


25, " 


July 20, 1865; expiration of service. 


Parker, Warren C, 


u 


" 


" " do 


COMPANY E. 








Henry Arnold, C, 


a 


" 


Deserted November 29, 1864. 


James Sullivan, M., 


(I 


" 


.July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Pike, Charles P., 


Feb. 


18," 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service, absent sick. 


Ring, Benjamin, 


Jan. 


25, " 


June 29, 1864; disability. 


Sullivan, Cornelius, 


" 


" 


Deserted April 17, 1864. 


COMPANY F. 








Bachant, Joseph, 


Feb. 


18, " 


July 10, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Sullivan, John, 


" 


" 


do 


COMPANY G. 








Henry E. Hutchins, 8., 


Mar. 


10, " 


" « do 


Alfred M. Allen, C, 


" 


4, " 


" do 


Bullard, Charles, 


" 


10, " 


" " do 


Davenport, Ehsha C., 


" 


" 


Killed May 6, 1864. Wilderness. 


Fleming. .John, 


" 


" 


-July 3, 1865, order War-Department. 


Frelick. Charles W., 


" 


" 


Died of wounds. June 27, 1S64, Washington. 


Monahan, Daniel, 


" 


(( 


Deserted April 3, 1864. 


Moulton, Austin N., 


u 


" 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


Patterson, James W., 


April 6, " 


August 8, 1865, order War Department, 


Sargent, Simon B., 


Mar. 


10, " 


do 


Sullivan, Daniel, 


•' 


'' 


May 25, " do 


Sullivan, George, 


(' 


" 


July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 


Taft, Alfred C, 


" 


" 


" " do 


White, Goss, 


a 


" 


June 18, 1865, order War Department. 


Willard, James J., 


" 


" 


Killed May 6, 1804, order War Department. 


COMPANY H. 








Dwight D. Allen, S., 


Jan. 


11, " 


Killed July 30. 1864, Petersbnrg. 


Charles S. Chase, 8., 


'» 


'' 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service, 


William C. Park, 8., 


" 


" 


Died January, 31, 1865, Danville, Va, 


William Coiniollv, S., 


" 


•' 


July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 


David P. Lawry."S., 


" 


*• 


Commissary Sergeant. 


Charles H. Pinkham, 8., 


" 


" 


Sergt. Major January 1, 1865, 



576 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS— Continued. 



Names. 



COMPANY H. — CON. 

Walter R. Foster, C., 
Henry L. Park, C. 
George E. Patch, C.. 
Cbarlcs H. Wilson, C., 
George W. Willard. G. 
Charles E. Young, C., 
David F Spencer, M., 
Ainsworth, Otis D., 
Binncy. Joseph H., 
Bowen, Isaac, 
Brown, George A., 
Buredge, George W., 
Conners, Thomas, 
Doane, Amos L., 
Ewing, Albert S., 
Fittz, Charles A., 
Fogerty, Edward J., 
Gates, Daniel, C., 
Geer, Edward D., 
Hair, Charles N., 
Handley. John, 
Horton, James B., 
Hoyt, Henry A. F., 
Hutchins, Fred P., 
Ide, Henry M., 
Jordan, Martin L., 
Ladaux, Isaac, 
Lincoln, George T., 
Little, John, 
Lovering, Samuel M., 
Marshall, James A., 
Mathews, Fli, 
Merriani. Henry, 
Merriam, Horace, 
Mills, Isaac M., 
Murdock, Albert M., 
Murray, Andrew, 
Parker, Marshall, 
Raymond, James H., 
Ricker, Albert M., 
Richards, William E., 
Robinson. George A., 
Ryan, John, 
Savage, Henry G., 
Sharp, Charles, 
Smith, Eugene, 
Sprague, Amos. 
Stetson, James M., 
Taft, Edward P., 
Timon, Charles. 
Wakeman, George M., 
Walton. Edward A., 
Wellman, George H., 
Wellman, John P., 
Williams. John S., 
Woodcock, Isaac A., 
Wood, George H., 

COMPANY I. 

Edwin D. McFarland, 
Bolton, Henry, 
Moore, William K., 
Sullivan, Daniel, 

COMPANY K. 

Cadagan, Michael, 
Parsons, George C., 



Date of 

Muster. 



Jan. 11, '64 



25, 
11, 



Mar. 10, " 

Apr. 6, " 
Mar. 10, '• 



Apr. 
Sept. 



1, " 



July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 
Killed May 24, 1864, N. Anna River, Va. 
Transferred March 5, 1865, to V. R. C. 
May 26, 1805, order War Department. 
Died of wounds, September 18, 1864. 
Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 
July 30, 1865; expiration of sei-vice. 
May 18, 1865, order War Department. 
August 10, 1865, " " 

July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 
May 22, 1865, order War Department. 
July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

" " do absent. 

Augu.st 9, 1865. order War Department. 
Killed May 6. 1864, Wilderness. 
Died of wouuds May 16, 1864, Spottsylvania. 
July 30, 18«5; expiration of service. 

" 6, '' order War Department. 

" 30, " expiration of 8er%nce. 
August 25. 1864, for promotion. 
Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 
July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 

" " exp. of serv. absent wounded. 

August 10. 1865, order War Department. 
July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 
Died July 13, IS64. Washington. 
July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service. 

•' exp. of serv., absent wounded. 

Died of wounds May 6, 1864, Wilderness, 
July 30, 1865; expiration of service. 

" do 

June 17, 1865, order War Department. 

1864, •' " 

August 8, 1865, " " 

Sergeant Major. 

July 30, 1865 ; expiration of service, prisoner. 
February 21, 1865, order War Department. 
August 10, "■ ■' " 

July 30. 1865; expiration of service. 
Died March 16, 1865. Worcester. 
July 5, 1865, order War Department. 
June 29, " " •' 

Transferred February 14. 1865, to V. R. C. 

March 4, 1864, to V. R. C. 
Killed May 6, 1864, Wilderness. 
July 30. 1865; expiration of semce. 
Died of wounds. May 31, 1864. 
May 24, 1865, order War Department. 
July 30, " expiration of service. 

" exp. of serv., absent wounded. 
Died August 10, 1864, Andersonville. 
July 30, 1865 ; exp. serv., absent wounded. 
June 16, 1865 ; disability. 
July 30, 1865, exp. of serv., absent sick. 
June 2, 1865, order War Department. 

"' disability. 



Transferred February 17, 1865, to V. R. C. 

Deserted March 1804. 

Died Nov. 2, 1864, Beverly, N. J. 

July 30, 1865; exp. of serv., absent sick. 



Died of wounds August 6. 1864, Washington. 
June 16, 1865, order'War Department. 



THE ROLL OF HONOR. 



577 



FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT ESTFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



Names, 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks. 


COMPANY C. 

Nolan. Dennis, 
"UTiite. Isaac G., 


Feb. 7, '65 
'■ '(>1 


July 27, 1805, order War Department. 
Died, Washington. 



FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY.— THREE YEARS. 



COMPANY D. 

Coolidge, Silas A., 



Feb. 9, '64 Died July 1, 1864. 



SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY.— ONE YEAR. 



CO.MPANY F. 


















James II. Murray, C, 


Feb. 


25, 


'65 


July 


16, 


1865; 


expiration 


of service. 


Albee, Seth, 


Mar 


11> 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Fallon, Patrick, 


Oct. 


24, 


'64 


Deserted June 23 


1865. 




Lamson, Lucien B., 


Feb. 


2.3, 


'65 


July 


16, 


1865; 


expiration 


of service. 


Roberts, Peter, 


Oct. 


25, 


'64 


" 




" 




do 


COMPANY G. 


















Barbor, Cyrus, 


Feb. 


28, 


'65 


(1 




(1 




do 


Cosgrove.'.John J., 


Mar. 


17, 


'• 


u 




(( 




do 


Darling. Daniel W., 


Feb. 


23, 


>' 


" 




(( 




do 


Darling, Josepb T., 


" 


21, 


" 


(1 




" 




do 


Stone, Edgar v., 


Mar. 


17, 


" 


May 3, 1865, order War Department. 


COMPANY H. 


















Burns, George, 


Jan. 


2, 


'65 


July 


16, 


1865; 


expiration 


of service. 


Byrnes, JJichael, 


" 


4, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


Gushing, John E., 


<' 


2, 


« 


" 




" 




do 


DriscoU, Thomas, 


ti 


' 




ti 




a 




do 


Halvey, Thomas, 


" 


5, 


" 


(1 




" 




do 


Mason, William E., 


" 


4, 


" 


January 27, 1865 ; 


disability. 




Morse, Mason H., 


Dec. 


13, 


'64 


July 


16, 


1865; 


expiratioa 


of service. 


COMPANY I. 


















David R. Knox, S., 


Jan. 


17, 


'65 


" 








do 


Patrick Dempsey, S., 


»' 


20, 




*' 








do 


Charles H. Curtis, C, 


" 


25, 


" 


(£ 








do 


Horace Hamilton, C., 


" 


17, 


" 


U 








da 


William II. Palmer, C, 


" 


24; 


" 


a 








do 


William K. Faber, M., 


'• 


26, 


« 


" 








do 


Abbott.Caleb F., 


Feb. 


2, 


'• 


" 








do 


Ajidrews, Oliver C, 


Mar. 


25, 


" 


a 








do 


Bowen, Andrew F., 


Feb. 


6, 


" 


" 








do 


Constantine. Michael, 


Jan. 


30. 


« 


" 








do 


Dennis, John C, 


Feb. 


15, 


" 


June 25, 1865; order War Department. 


Fairbanks, Aimer R., 


" 


" 




July 


16, 


1865, 


expiration 


of service. 


Farwell, Charles B., 


Jan. 


24, 


" 


" 




CI 




do 


Fay, Addison N., 


'• 


17, 


" 


'< 




" 




do 


Fay, StillmanM., 


ilar. 


11, 


" 


" 




a 




do 


Fletcher, Henry H. 


Jan. 


26, 


" 


Died July 


5, 1865. 






KilldutlV William, 


Feb. 


17, 


" 


July 


16, 


1865 ; 


expiration 


of service. 


Lowe, William, 


Jan. 


6, 


" 


'• 




" 




do 


Marble. Albert W., 


Feb. 


7, 


" 


" 




" 




do 


McRoberts, James, 


" 


'' 




i( 




It 




do 


Martin, Alonzo, 


i< 


17, 


" 


" 




i( 




do 


McCarty, Bartholomew, 


" 


21, 


" 


(1 




" 




do 


Nelson, John, 


(1 


26, 


a 


" 




(1 




do 


Prouex, John B., 


" 


21, 


" 


(( 




(1 




do 


Reed James W.. 


Feb. 


3, 


'' 


u 




" 




do 


Regan, Patrick, 


>>• 


17, 


" 


" 




a 




do 


Robbius, George M., 


Jan. 


23, 


" 


l( 




'* 




do 


Sibley, George E., 


Feb. 


13, 


" 


a 




II 




do 


Stevens, Edgar, 


Jan. 


17, 


" 


" 




(( 




do 


Sumner, William E., 


Feb. 


11, 


" 


If 




•' 




do 


Vance. Walter, 


Jan. 


2, 


" 


" 




<i 




do 


Wall, Philip, 


•' 


9, 


•' 


(1 




(( 




do 


Walsh, George, 


" 


28, 


" 


" 




CI 




do 



37 



578 



WORCESTER IN THE WAR. 



SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFAKTRT.— ONE YEAR,— Continued. 



Names. 


Date of 
Muster. 


Remarks, 


COMPANY I. — CON, 

"Ward, George A., 
Wright, George, 

COMPANY K. 

Brady, John, 
Canedy. John E., 
Caullahan, John, 
Kehough. Matthew, 
Kelley. Thomas, 


Feb. 27, '65 
" 2, " 

a 21, " 

" 9, " 

" 7, " 

Jan. 27, " 

Feb. 8, " 


July 16, 1865 ; expiration of service, 
" " do 

Deserted June 28, 1865. 

July 16, 1865 ; expiration of service. 
" " do 
" " do 
•' " do 



SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY.— ONE YEAR. 



COMPANY A. 














John F. Boyd, C, 


Mar, 


10, 


'6o 


May 5, 


1865; expiration of service. 


Fisher, Elbridge, 


" 


11, 


" 


" 


" 


do 


Mann, William D., 


" 


10, 


" 


" 


" 


do 


Winslow, Sewell, 


" 


20, 


" 


« 


" 


do 


COMPANY B. 














Byron. Charles T., 


" 


28, 


(I 


" 


'» 


do 


Cle.aveland, Charles P., 


'• 


20, 


" 


u 


" 


do 


Evans, John, 


Apr. 


1, 


" 


" 


ff 


do 


Kelley, James, 


u 


3, 


" 


" 


" 


do 


O'Dounell, John, 


" 


4, 


" 


" 


ft 


do 


COMPANY C. 














Goldthwait, xilbert, 


Mar, 


25. 


" 


(( 


(( 


do 


McElwin, James F., 


" 


h 




" 


<i 


do 


Millet, William F., 


" 


27, 


a 


li 


If 


do 


Witherhead, Frank A., 


If 


25, 


u 


(( 


II 


do 


COMPANY D. 














Arnold, George L., 


u 


21, 


" 


<( 


II 


do 


Auldrich, Oscar, 


Apr, 


4, 


u 


" 


ff 


do 


Barrett, John, 


•' 


" 




II 


ff 


do 


Bowan, George W., 


Mar, 


21, 


" 


tl 


If 


do 


Brien, Dennis O., 


" 


24, 


" 


" 


ff 


do 


Budson, Peters, 


" 


23, 


" 


It 


ff 


do 


Desmond. John, 


" 


" 




If 


" 


do 


Doherty. James, 


Apr, 


1, 


" 


" 


" 


do 


Dugan, Henry, 


" 


11. 


" 


If 


" 


do 


Esten. Henry L., 


<i 


4, 


" 


(1 


ff 


do 


Farrar, George A., 


" 


5, 


" 


" 


If 


do 


Jerome-i John, 


Mar. 


30, 


(( 


fl 


<f 


do 


Jones, Nathaniel, 


" 


24, 


" 


I< 


ff 


do 


Kallihan, Michael, 


It 


30, 


" 


" 


If 


do 


Knight, James H., 


Apr. 


4, 


" 


" 


" 


do 


Landers, Joseph B., 


Mar. 


24, 


u 


" 


" 


do 


Lovely, George H., 


Apr. 


3, 


" 


" 


If 


do 


Mclntire,, Orrin H., 


Mar. 


21, 


" 


If 


If 


do 


Reed, George T., 


•< 


23, 


" 


" 


" 


do 


Scott, Thomas H., 


" 


29, 


" 


" 


ff 


do 


Seaver, Cutler, 


" 


28, 


" 


11 


" 


do 


Sweeney. Thomas, 


" 


24, 


" 


" 


" 


do . 


Whaling, Michael, 


" 






" 


" 


do 


UNASSIGNED RECRUITS. 














Foye, George E., 


Apr. 


5, 


a 


Deserted April 19, 1865. 





FIRST COMPAITY SHARPSHOOTERS.— THREE YEARS. 



Bachellor, Alfred A., 



I July 31, '621 Died July 10, 1S63, Baltimore. 



SECOND COMPANY SHARPSHOOTERS.— THREE YEARS. 



Harbuck, Horace P.. 
Jewett, George H., 



Ijuly 11, '63|Des«rted Sept. 3, 1864. 

I " " [July 3, 1864, order War Department. 



INDEX OF NAMES 



[ This Index contains all the names mentioned in this volume, except those found in groups, or col- 
umns, as on the following pages, viz : 22, 27-29, 47, S6, 87, 94, 102, 103, 118, 12S-9, 134, 137, 
13S, 140, 142, IS9, 160, 17s, 216, 217, 234, 240, 241, 243, 248, 333, 337, 339, 340, 399, 402, 422, 
423, 426, 427, 430, 431, 432, 433, 435, 437, 447, 449, 5I9-S76'] 



Abercrombie, Lieut., 453. 
Adams, Charles F., Jr., 311. 
Alden, Captain, 122. 
Aldrich, Lieut., 157. 
Mrs. Paine, 42. 
P. Emory, 98, 124, 126, 130, 
131. 133. 136, 138, 139, 
142, 179, 180, 184, 36s, 
413- 
Alger, Mrs. Susan E., 419, 420. 

Warren A. , 495 
Allen, B. D., 359, 379- 
Charles, 41, 94, 179. 
Charles, Jr., 336. 
Ethan, 92. 
Miss Emma, 42. 
& Wheelock, 173. 
Ames, Theo. E., 215. 
Anderson, John, 279. 
Major, 17, 18. 
Martin F., 182. 
Andrew, John A., s^, 66, 71, 
83, loi, 128, 133, 144, 
240, 249, 364. 
Appleton, Grace, 162. 
Atherton, Francis M., 480. 
Attwood, Cornelius G. , 127, 

136, 205, 260. 
Aver, J. C., 56. 

B. 

Babbidge, Chaplain, 51. 
Bacon, Francis, 496, 497. 

Peter C, 46, 1S3, 184. 

William B., 264, 496, 497. 
Bailey, A. T., 514. 

L. Henry, 273. 
Baldwin, Cliarles, 333. 

George W., 151, 3S8, 389. 

John D., 39, loi, 13S, 140, 
144, 231, 332. 

John S., 140. 
Baker, Gen., in, 113, 115, 119. 



Baker, Healy, 448. 
Ball, George S., 344. 

Phinehas, 287, 290, 299, 343, 
35^ 357, 364, 379- 
Banks, Nath. P., 59, 60, 70, 

128, 169. 
Banvard, Joseph, i~''4, 357, 363, 

370, 406, 443, 472, 475. 
Barnard, Edward L., 458. 

George E., 500. 

and Sumner, 328, 335. 
Barker, John B., 133. 

Thaddeus L., 273, 274, 297, 
299. 
Barksdale, Col., 110. 
Bartholomew, Nelson, 755. 
Barrett, Nicholas J., 2S6. 
Bartlett, Gen., 239, 240, 277. 
Barton, Clara, 52, 421. 

Edmund M., 407-411. 

George, 182, 279, 409. 

Ira M., 52, 1S5, 435. 
Bates, Joseph N., 108, 115, 151, 

390, 465- 
Baylies, Mrs., 399. 
Dean, George H., 251. 
Beauregard, Gen., 17. 
Beniis, J. Orlando, 241, 303. 

Merrick, 20, 131, iSo, 464. 
Benchley, George W., 41, 182. 
Eessey, Merritt B , 98. 
Bickford, Mrs. Wm. M., 42. 
Bigelow, Henry, 462. 

Miss, 365. 

Timothy, 85. 
Eixby, John F., 481. 
Blair, H. R., 103. 
Blake, Charles P., 394. 

Francis, 392. 

George S., 392. 

James B., 351, 518. 
Bliss, Edward E., 471. 

Edward M., 471. 

Edwin H., 471. 

Harrison, 24. 
Bond, Thomas C., 404. 



Boomer, George B., 474. 
Boswell, Charles H., 479. 
Boyden, Elbridge, 335. 

George C, 334. 

John, 329. 

Mrs. John, 42 398. 
Bowman, Henry, 137, 139, 211, 

212. 288. 
Boyce, John, 24, 33. 
Bradley, Osgood, 173. 
Bramhall, Lieut., iii, 112. 
Brooks, Lewis M., 479. 
Brown, Alzirus, 

A. P.,2S-;. 

J. Stuart, 413. 

Mrs. Theo., 42. 
BufFum, Amos, 274. 

Lieut., 95. 
BuUard, Charles H., 288. 

Ebenezer W., 89. 
Bullock, A. H., 19, 41, 46, 90, 
95, 99, 104, loS, 1 20, 129, 
137, 141, 144, 179- 236, 
329, 359, 360, 382, 423. 
Burnside, Gen., 15,5, 157, 161. 
Burlingham, H. G., 308. 
Burrage, Henry S., 274. 
Burrill, Col., 222, 223. 
Burrington, Rev. Mr., 106. 
Busteed, Richard, 161. 
Butler, Benj. F., 55, 66, 67, 63, 
175, 206. 



Cabot, Capt., 304, 
Cadwallader, Gen., 68, 69. 
Cameron, Simon, 71. 
Campbell, G. S., 98. 
Canfield, Charles T., 391. 
Carr, William, 26.S. 
Chamberlain, C. N., 244. 

Joseph, 183. 

"R. B., 255 

Samuel E., 311. 
Chandler, Charles L., 277, 278. 



580 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Chandler, Dr., 129. 

George, 41. 
Chapin, D. E., 243. 

Henry, 120, 121, 183, 239, 

329. 443- 
Chase, Joseph, 335. 

Miss Lizzie, 89. 
Cheney, 28'^. 

E. Dexter, 499. 
Chestnut, Gen., 17. 
Cheever, George B., 93. 

Henry T., 244, 288. 
Childs, E. N., 336. 

Charles S., 82. 

J. M., 228. 

Linus, 317. 

Mrs. L. M., 317. 
Chollar, J. D., 331. 
Clapp, Frederic A., 406. 
Clark, Capt., 311. 

Dr., 463. 

Henry O., 82. 

N. A., 209. 

Mrs. T. A., 42. 

William H., 255, 256. 

William S., 89, 157, 160, 
197, 19S, 234, 235. 
Clarke, R. R., 296. 
Cobb, Lieut., 209. 
Coe, 2S8. 
Coes, Loren, 180. 
Cogswell, Col., HI, 113, 115. 
Collester, Osgood, 136, 48S. 

Warren, 488. 
Conant, Francis A., 513. 
Cook, Major, 57. 
Corbin, Frank S., 155. 
Corcoran, Gen., 139. 
Cromack, Joseph C, 93, 391. 
CromptOM, George, 24, 173, iSo. 
Crowninshield, Col., 304, 306- 

308. 
Cruikshank, Rev. Mr., 362. 
Cummings, Gilbert, 391. 
Curtis, Albert, 132. 
Gushing, Christopher, 122. 
Cutler, Ebenezer, 105, 120, 355, 
363, 367. 376, 380, 424, 
453. 472-474. 

John H., 244. 
Cutter, Surgeon, 236, 399, 
Cutting, Charles H., 473. 

D. 



Dadmun, Rev. M., 106, 120. 
Daley, William, 262, 510. ^ 
Daniels, Henry, 499. 

Henry W., 273 

Joseph D., 104. 

Myron, 499. 
Darling, Alexander C, 2S8. 
Davis,"A. M. F., 121. 

Charles H., 241. 

Charles S., 89. 

C. W., 25s. 

Engineer, 80. 

George E., 251, 255. 

Hasbrouck, 396. 

Isaac, 19-21, 24, 30, 33, 44, 
46. 63? 74) 83, 100, 120, 
128, 139, 179, 181, 238, 
406, 443. 

" Jeff.," 48. 

John, 396. 

Jonas R., 253. 

Rev. Mr., 375. 



Davis, Samuel, 228. 
William S., 99. 

Dayton, ]\Iiss Emma L., 290. 

Dean, John, 45. 

Denny, J. Waldo, 52, 55, 57, 
98, 10 1, 200, 201-4, 261, 
50S, 509, 516. 

Derby, James, 153. 

Devens, Charles, Jr., 19, 24,31, 

69, 71, 75, S2-4, loi, 108- 

II, 114-18, 126, 130, 131, 

14S 154- 185, 249, 313-25, 

. 38S, 453, 460. 

Dickinson, Daniel S., 121. 
Mrs. William, 402. 

Dix, Gen., 73, 218. 

Dodd, Capt., 76. 

Doherty, Hugh, 24. 
James, jSo. 

Dorchester, Daniel, 46. 

Doty, Albert, 279, 280. 

Douglas, James, 122. 
Stephen A., 79. 

Draper, Edwin, 41. 

William F., 211, 273. 

Drennan, James M., 206, 

Dresser, Edson T., 279. 

Dudley, Henry G., 2S2. 

Dutch, J. C, 394. 

Dwinnell, Benj. D., 300. 

Dyson, Reuben, 223. 



E. 

Eager, Charles H., 196. 
Eames, D. H.. 333. 
Earle, Oliver K., 133. 

Thomas, 233. 
Eddy, Capt., 241. 
Ehvell, Capt ,271. 
Estabrook, James E., 71. 
Estey, James R., 473. 
Everett, Edward, 121, 289. 



Farr, Adjutant, 57 
Fiske, Joseph R,, 301. 
Fitch, Dana H., 299, 448. 
Flagg, Samuel, 391. 
Fleming, James, 286. 
Fletcher, Major, 58. 
Forbes, A. P., 292. 
Ford, Augustus, 222. 
Foss, Charles H., 204. 
Foster, A. H., 80, 206. 

Dwight, 66, 107, 121. 

Gen., 165, 166, 168. 

Theodore S., 156-7. 
Fox & Mayo, 173. 

Mrs. William B., 42. 

Rev. Mr., 363. 

William B., 24. 
Franklin, Gen., 148. 
Frazer, J. D., 157. 
Freeland, Charles W., 404. 
Fremont, John C, 146. 
Fuller, Warren A., 308. 

G. 

Gage, Corporal, 209. 

Dr., 463. 
Getchell, Moses W., 155. 
Ghirardi, Bancroft, 393. 
Gilbert, Amos H., 71, 452. 



Gird, Joseph W., iSo, 1S4, 228, 
231, 2S8, 500. 

Mrs , 419. 
Gleason, J. H., 72. 
Gooch, D. W , 323. 
Goddard, D. A., 104. 

Miss Julia M., 

N. P-, 338. 
Godwin, Park, 161. 
Going, William F., 458. 
Goodell, Arthur A., 25, 211, 

273- 

John B., 217. 
Goodhue, John M , 18, 31, 32, 

70, 76. 
Goodricli, George E., 294. 
Goodwin, F. E , 204, 260. 

John, 233. 
Gordon, William F., 480. 
Gorman, Gen., 151. 
Goss, Charles, 254. 
Goiigh, John B., Si, 133, 423. 
Goulding, Henrj', 487. 
Graham, Lieut., 262. 
Grant, Gen., 246, 329. 
Gray, Miss Amelia T., 290. 
"Green, Miss Jenny, 42. 

William N., 476. 

William N,, Jr., 288, 476. 
Greene, J. Evarts, 115. 

John R., 44S. 

R. R., 22S. 

Stephen E., 300. 
Griggs, Mrs., 42. 
Griffin, J. P., 338. 
Grout, John W., 155, 453-457. 

H. 

Hagar, Rev. Mr., 21, 89, 120, 

453- 
Hair, Charles N., 303. 
Hall, Theron E., 43, 58, 125, 

399, 413- 
Hammond, T W., 421. 
Hancoclc, Gen., 250, 252. 
Harkness, E. A., 20, 66, 71, 

100, 180, 221, 238, 515. 
Harlow, Mrs. Helen C, 421. 
Harrington, Samuel, 205. 
Harris, Allen, 437. 

O. F., 2S8. 
Hathaway, Samuel, 20, 24, 161. 
Haven, Charles W., 472. 

George H., 279. 

Frank E., 161. 

Samuel F., 7, 462. 

S. Foster, Jr., 108, 115, 151, 
'55, 3S9, 462, 470. 
Hawkes, George P., 199, 234-6, 

239- 
Hayes, Martin, 224. 
Henry, Walter, 131. 
Hersey, Charles, 45, 332. 
Heywood, Charles H., 303. 

Miss Caroline, 42. 

S. R., 104, 139. 

W. H., 47. 
Higginson, T. W., 20, 12S, 138, 

139, 14°, 396, 397- 
Hill, Alonzo, 19, 30, 36, 81, 83, 
98, 105, 120, 132, 138, 
175, 178, 1S4, 243, 344, 
370, 443- 
Hicks, Gov., 67. 
Hines, John, 480. 
Hinks, Col., 57. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



581 



Hitchcock, Henry S., 225., 
Hoar, George F., 31, 83, 84, 

459, 460. 
Hodgkins, Private, 139. 
Holdeii, James, 4S0. 
Hollister, Col., 237. 
Holmes, Dr., 143, 3S4. 

Otis W., 274. 
Hooper, J. H., 153, 194, 197, 

246, 247. 
Horton, Jesse, 295. 
Howard, Charles, S9- 

Gen., 152. 
Howe, church, 56, 80, 109, 115, 
389. 

Edward E., 255. 
Hubbard, Corporal, 271. 
Hubon, Peter E., 285, 286, 

390. 
Huutiugton, W. R., 176, 3S0. 



Jackson, Andrew, 33. 

Nathan, 161. 
James, Horace, 81, 99, 103, 105, 

127, 161, 162, 391, 423. 
Jenkins, Hamilton & Co., 32S, 

335- 
Jillson, Clark, 450. 
Jones, Edward F., 25, 57, 60. 
Jordan, Edwin D., 514. 

J. W., 133, 514. 
Jorgenson, Capt., 193. 
Jourdan, W. H., 336. 
Joslin, George C, 20, 66, 188, 
196, 197, 249. 

Herbert," 251. 
Judd, Frederick A., 293. 

K. 

Kane, Marshal, 68-70. 

Kent, William P., 216. 

Kimball, John W., 83, 108, 
109, 114, 115, 148, 149, 
'51-154, 197. 249, 388. 

Kmg, Rufus, 107. 

Kinnicutt, F. H., 41. 

Knowlton, Frederick, 104. 

J. S. C, 19, 38, 46, 138, 
179. 241. 



Lawrence, Edwin S., 133. 

Le Baron, Miss Martha, 42, 

398. 
Leach, F. T., 93, 295. 
Lee, Col., no, m, 114, 200, 

202, 469. 
Leonard, Mrs. F. S., 42. 
Lewis, John E., 516. 

Rev. Mr., 175, 470, 480. 
Light, John F., 288. 
Lincoln, Abraham, 40, 117, 140, 
242, 290, 321, 326, 353- 
386. 
D. Waldo, 20, 62, 94, 174, 
176, 221, 228, 231, 235, 
237. 249, 261, 443. 
Edward W., 337. 
Levi, 46, 63, 87, 94, 120, 
"30, 179. 243, 336, 371, 
393, 434- 
Miss F. M,, 239, 257,. 
William S., 21, 56, 129, 



136, 210, 242, 262, 264, 
295, 296, 345, 505. 

Liscomb, Nathaniel S., 64, 72. 

Longley, Henry G., 472. 

Lord, R., 244. 

Lovell, J. A., 338. 

Lowell, Charles K., Jr., 304- 
306. -) 

Lyon, Gen., 146. 

M. 

Macker, George A., 483, 484. 
Macomber, George B., 295. 
Maggi, Col., 156, 157. 
INLignitzky, Capt., 282. 
Magrath, Judge, 18. 
^L^nnin,^, David, 2S8. 
Mansfield, J. A., 375. 
Marsh, Henry A., 333. 
Marshal, Joseph A., 83, 273. 
Martin, Oramel, 78, 93, 128, 

176, 389, 463- 
Mason,:Joseph 41. 
Mathews, Henry, 262. 
McCaffertjr, Matthew J , 20, 24, 

71, 97, 98, 100, 126, 128, 

131, 136, 165, 182, 1S4, 

232, 238. 
McClellan, George B., 117, 129, 

146, 153, 315- 
McComb, John, 134, 136, 138, 

288. 
McConville, Henry, 31, 98, 100, 

206, 260, 261, 28S, 508, 

509- 
Michael, 24, 25, 71, 338. 
P. J., 478. 
McCue, iSLirtin, 416. 
McDermott, Felix, 255. 
McDonald, Michael, 4S0. 
McKendiy, 306, 307. 
McLaughlin, N. B., 2S0. 
Meade, Gen., 246. 
Mecorney, Horace, 391. 
Melaven, Maurice, 24. 
Messenger, C. S., 448. 

D. H., 336. 
Messer, Carlos, 224. 
Metcali; Caleb B., 454. 
JMiller, George F., Sg. 

Miss, 239. 
Mirick, John D., 479. 
Moeu, Philip L., 41, 133, 406. 
Morris, iMajor, 67, 70, 71, 73. 
^lorse, Augustus, 58, 87, 90. 

gi,. 15*^- 
Edwin A., 273. 
Moss, Rev. Mr., 98, 106. 
Moulton, Orson, 20, 66, 167, 

204, 206, 260. 
Murkland, Capt., 193. 
Murphy, John L., 104. 
Myers, Capt., 410, 411. 

N. 

Nelson, Miss Elizabeth, 42. 
Newburj', Dwight, 196, 505. 
Newton, Rejoice, 19, 135. 
Nichols, Dr., 463. 
Norton, John B., 211. 

o. 

O'Driscoll, Michael, 24, 42, 73. 
O'Gorman, John J., 224. 



O Keefe, James, 285. 

Patrick, 41, 131, 132. 
O'Neil, D. H., 24. 

Thomas, 24, 72, 99, 126, 
127, 167, 201, 203, 205, 
238, 262, 28S, 507, 508. 
O'Reillv, James, 100. 

, P. T., 33,37"- 
O Rourke, Charles B., 478. 
Osgood, James H., 471. 
Mrs., 471. 

P. 

Paine, Nathaniel, loS. 
Parker, Dexter F., 19, 50, 54, 

56, s8, 63, 93, 283, 489-494, 

G. C, 251. 
Parkhurst, V. P., 204, 261. 
Parsons, Solomon, Jr., 470. 
Patterson, Rev. Air., 406. 
Peabody, Miss E. P., 464. 
Peckham, Frank, 254. 
Pelton, Charles H., 262. 
Pentecost, William, 332. 
Pepper, Sergeant, 271. 
Perkins, Capt., 52. 
Pervear, H. K., 363, 370. 
Philbrick, Charles, no, 116, 

. . 151, 153, iSg, 249. 
Phillips, Ivers, 5S, 139, 237, 
240, 442, 446, 463. 

Wendell, 241. 
Pickens, Gov., 17. 
Pickett, Josiah, 20, 23, 66, 71, 
72, 127, 165, 168, 1S5, 
200, 202, 203, 205, 206, 
232-3, 237-8, 257, 260-1, 
283, 344, 516. 
Pierce, Phiibrick, iir, 112. 

R. A., 56. 
Pierpont, John, 93. 
Pinkham, J. S., 333. 

Mrs. J. S., 42, 13S. 
Piper, A. F. V. B., 251. 
Plunkett, Sergeant, 160, 234. 
Pond, Lucius W., 174, 420. 
Pope, Gen., 152, 15S. 
Porter, Lieut., 57. 
Potter, Andrew, 268, 269, 295. 

Major, 282. 
Power, J. J., gS. 120, 224. 

Nicholas, 180. 
Pratt, Calvin E., 136, 182. 

Charles B., 121, 126, 131, 

329- 
Harrison W., 49, 56, 62. 
129, 269, 497. 
Prescott, Albert, 278, 279. 
Prouty, 241. 
Putnam, Samuel H., 206, 261. 

R. 

Rand, Arnold A., 308. 
Ransom, Capt., 172. 
Reade, John, 279. 
Reed, Henry W., 300. 
Reno, Frank, 156. 

Gen., 158. 
Rice, George M., 131, 132, 180, 
183, 406. 

George M , Jr., 300, 393. 

J. Marcus, 206, 390, 420. 

Mrs. E. M., 420. 

W. W., 41, 44, 46, 93, 100, 

125, 128, 135, 140, 184. 



582 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Richardson, George W., 130. 
Merrill, 38, Si, 88, 89, 98, 
loi, 10s, 120, 128, 131, 
134, 138, 143, i7S-9i iS°. 
242, 299, 329, 354, 357, 
363, 371- 378. 397. 443. 
431,471. 472. 
O. P., 2SS. 
Richter, Lieut., 98, 100. 
Ritchie, Col, loi. 
Riplev, Dwight, 199. 

T. W., 271. 
Roberts, Rev. Mr., 66. 
Rogers, B. F., 93. 
Rosecrans, Gen., 146. 
Russell, Henry S., 311. 
Thomas, 137. 

s. 

Salisbury, Stephen, 120, 17S, 

iSo, 182, 372. 
Sampson, Capt., 254, 255, 282. 
Sanderson, John W., 217, 231. 
Sanford, Myron S., 300. 
Sanger, Wiiliam H., 225. 
Sargent, Dr., 463. 

Henn,', 464. 
Scandlin, William G., loS, 109, 

irs, 120, 151, 391, 462. 
Scott, Gen., So. 
Sears, Freeman, /<63. 
Sedgwick, Gen., 151. 

Lieut., 2S1. 
Sheldon, Horace, 328. 
Shepard, Lathe & Co., 173. 

Miss Emma, 290. 
Shippen, R. R., 132, 175. 176. 

354, 362, 443. 462- 
Simonds, Capt., 468. 

Clark B., 155. 
Sinclair, Robert B., 300. 
Smith, Charles H., 471. 
Charles W., 335. 
J. B , 27s 
Levi N., 274. 
Mrs. Helen, 419. 
Samuel, 141. 
Souther, Samuel, 104, 138, 144, 
178, I o, 12, 232, 240, 
445. 505. 506- 
Spauldiiig, George H., 80. 
Spooner, Mrs,, 42. 
Sprague, A. B. R., 18, 19, 23, 
66, 68-71, 75. 98. 99. 1°'. 
139, 142, 161, 165, 167-8, 
171, 180, 1S2-3, 2i6-ig, 
221, 234, 236, 238, 300-3. 

396- 
Homer B., 125, 181. 
Lee, 131, 445. 
Spurr, Thomas J., i 55, 459-462, 

469. 



Stanton, Edwin M., 326, 32S. 
Star, Sergeant, 69. 
Stearns, Amos E., 415. 

C, 344- 

Frazer A., 156, 157. 
Stella, 144. 
Stevens, Charles E., 506. 

Charles H., 195. 

Mrs. C. E., 42. 

W. X., 330- 
Stewart, James, 471. 
Stiles, Frederick G., 222. 
Stocking, Prof., 360. 
Stoddard, E. B., iS, 20. 
Stone, Augustus, 303. 

S. v., 329. 

Charles P., 107, no. 
Stowe, Martin, 41. 
Stratton, Eugene W., 472. 
Studley, J. M., 182, 219, 221. 
Stuart, George H., 406. 
St. John, T. E., 176, i?2, 22S, 
232, 233, 240, 242, 243, 
329. 355, 362. 
Sully, Gen., 150 
Sumner, Charles, 64, 141, 144. 
Swan, Elliot, 131. 
Sweetser, Seth, 42, 81, 95, 105, 
120, 176, 228, 354, 359. 
360. 363. 370, 375. 38s. 
458. 



Tappan, Col., 46. 

Taft, Corporal T. E., Jr., 510, 

Putnam W., 19, 62, 412. 
Taylor, Col., 425. 
Thayer, Houghton & Co., 173. 
Thompson, George, 239. 

George W., 267. 

J. L, 396. 

William C, 396. 
Tobey, John G., 1S3, 23". 
Tolman, Albert, 41. 
Toulrain, Dean, 45. 
Trainor. Owen, 478. 
Tucker, Julius E., 184. 

J. Massena, 231, 233, 278, 
2S0, 501-503. 

James, 261, 2S3. 

Rev. Mr., 120. 
Turner, J. W., 375. 

U. 

Upham, Charles W., 513. 

George, 93. 

George D., 394. 

Joel W., 93, 394, 513. 
Upton, Charles E., 262. 



Upton, Edwin, gS, 165, 166, 168. 

V. 

Vassal!, Mrs., 52. 
Vaughan, F. F., 122. 

w. 

Wageley, Louis, 65, 98, 100, 

127. 
Walker, Albert C, 504. 

Amasa, 135. 

Capt., 88. 

Edward A., 181, 240, 377, 
443- 
Ward, Alanson, 241. 

George H., 18, 19, 74, 80, 
81-3, 109, III, 114, 115, 
129-30, 140, 142, 148, 1S9, 
193, 197, 249, 482-7- 
Ware, Mrs. Susan, 419. 
Washburn, Edward R., 511. 

Francis, 30S-310. 

Henry S., 413, 457. 

H. H., 1S2. 

Ichabod, 21, 94, 179. 

Mrs., 420. 

Nathan, 58, 173. 
Wasson, David A., 182, 470. 
Watson, Charles H., 116. 
Wayland, H. L., 81, 103,420. 
Webster, Warren, 290. 
Weigand, Frederic, 98. 
Wellington, Edward, 417. 

Frank, 417. 

George, 417. 

Mrs. T. W.,420. 

T. W., 133, iSo, 417, 448. 
Wells, Col., 133, 137, 169, 170, 

208, 209, 262, 264, 269. 
Weston, David, 370. 
Wetherell, John W., 20, 71, 

loi, 240, 443 
Wheeler, Miss Elizabeth, 419. 

Miss Sarah, 42. 
Whitcomb, David, 406. 

Lyman, 45. 
Whitney, Charles B., 334. 
Wilder,' Charles S., 504. 
Williams, Hartley, 104, 144, 

335- 
WaiTen, 
Willis, Rev. Mr., 1S4. 
Wilson, Henry, 95. 
Winans, Ross, 56. 
Wood, Samuel P., 512. 
Wood & Light, 173. 
Woodward, D. M., 93. 
Rufus, 21. 463. 
■ T. M., 342. 
Workman, Dr., 129. 



1 



CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS, 



INCLUDING 



THE ADDRESSES AT THE DEDICATION OF THE 
MONUMENT, JULY 15, 1874. 



ADDITIONS. 



After the printing of this volume, the following additional facts were gathered from various 
sources. 

Woodbury C. Smith was first lieutenant and captain of U. S. Union troops. 

Charles P. Trumbull was quartermaster-sergeant in the Thirty-fourth regiment until discharged 
for disability in 1864. 

Samuel Lee Biglow, M.D., brigade-surgeon, U. S. V., saw much service, and died at Hagers- 
town, Md., honored as a faithful and capable officer. 

Rev. J. N. Mars was chaplain of the Thirty-fifth regiment, U. S. colored troops. 

Thomas White was sergeant-major Third Battalion Rifles. 

G. Walter Allen was paymaster in the navy. 

John G. Tobey was acting-assistant-paymaster. 

William H. Estey was a member of Co. C, Fifty-first regiment. 

Albert F. Hall, Second Light Battery, died in the service at City Point, Va. 

Edwin F. Andrews enlisted January 25, 1862 ; discharged for disability, December 30, 1862. 

Darius Starr, son of William E. Starr, was ordnance-sergeant in Berdan's Shai^pshooters. He 
died at Andersonville. 

Joseph N. Bates, M.D., did not leave the service in July, 1S62, as might be inferred from the 
notice on page 390. He resigned at that time on account of ill-health ; but the government, 
appreciating his skill and patriotism, did not accept his resignation, and at the close of the war 
he had the medical charge of Camp Scott. 

Brigadier-General George H. Ward should have been enrolled with the brigadier-generals on 
page 519, having been brevetted for " meritorious services." 



CORRECTIONS. 



In making up the " Roll of Honor," several serious errors were inserted in the roll of Co. D, 
Fifteenth regiment. These were all copied literally from the " Records of the Massachusetts 
Volunteers," a work prepared in the office of the adjutant-general with great care. But errors 
are errors wherever found. The corrections will be found in the proper place, on pages 550 
and 551. 

Most of the other errors in the following formidable looking list are of little importance ; but 
the work of correcting having been begun, it was thought best to make a thorough revision of the 
whole work. These errors are generally in the spelling of names ; and in nearly every case the 
names were copied as printed in the journals of the day, or the reports of the adjutant-general. 
In finding the corrections, count only the lines of names, omitting the headings. 
Page 22, line 6, for Stuart read Stewart. 

" 41, " 34, " S. read L. 

" 79, " 21, " Douglass read Douglas. 
" 86, " 29, " Nathan read Nelson. 

" 86, " 30, " B. V. Vassal read B. B. Vassal. 
" 89, " 27, " S. read H. 

584 



ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 



585 



Page 97, 
" 100, 
" 103, 
" "5, 
" 134, 
" 134, 
" 138, 
" 144, 
" 225, 
" 228, 
" 234, 
" 261, 
" 265, 
" 276, 
" 277, 
" 304, 
" 314, 
" 334, 
" 340, 
" 370, 
" 377, 
" 389, 
" 4°°> 
" 413, 
" 417, 
" 422, 
" 423, 
" 427, 
" 431, 
" 432, 
" 432, 
" 432, 
" 443, 
" 493, 
" S03, 

" S20, 
" S2I, 
" 521, 
" 522, 
" 522, 
" 522, 
" 523, 
" 524, 
" 524, 
" 524, 
" S2S, 

" 529, 

" 529, 
" 532, 

" 533, 
" 533, 
" 533, 
" 534, 
" 534, 
" 534, ' 
" S35, ' 



line 9, for Douglass read Douglas. 

" 14, erase "bed." 

" 32, for Tatnick read Tatnuck. 

at the end of the note insert Jr. 
line 15, for Goodell read Goodale. 

" 20, " Jilsou read Jillson. 

" 7, " C. read B. 

" 21, erase the comma after Warren. 

" 37, for Fifteenth read Fiftieth. 

" 38, 

" 13, 

" 28, 



R. R. 

Dresser 

then 
21, " J. F. 
II, " Co. H. 
7, " Co. H. 

31, " Fanquier 
37, " Keys' 
35, " C. 

2, " Drennen 
34, " Barvard 

20, insert A. after Edward. 
13, for D. read E. 

5, " Haywood read Heywood. 
25, " Stuart read Stewart. 

I, insert W. after Timothy. 

32, for Theodore read Theo. 

21, insert D. after Benjamin. 



read H. R. 
read Tucker, 
read there, 
read S. F. 
read Co. K. 
read Co. K. 
read Fauquier, 
read Keyes'. 
read E. 
read Drennan. 
read Banvard. 



25; 



for Zaider 
W. 

Green 
Shepherd 
Green 
Barnard 
brigadier 
Dr. M. 



read Zaeder. 

read H. 

read Greene. 

read Shepard. 

read Greene. 

read Banvard. 

read brigade. 

read Dr. W. 
insert ist and 2d Lt. before Captain, 
for John read. Joseph. 

" Twenty-fifth read Twenty-first 
" erase lines 34 and 35 ; James C. E. Woodbury etc 
" 45, for C. read Union. 

" 50, " Second read Fourth. 

" 34, " Barber read baroour. 

" 10, " read N. S. Liscomb, Sergeant-Major. 
" 37, insert io2d before New York. 
43, omit Ensign. 

read Lovell. 

read Hervey. 

read Mackay. 

read Lansdon. 

read Nichols. 



for Lowell 

Henry 

Mackey 

Landson 

Nicholas 



25, 
53, 
14, 
46, 
48, 
28, 



S. A. Perry read S. P. Perry. 



Keth 
James M. 
Everett 
Fineral 
Edwin J. 



read Kett. 
read James W. 
read Everest, 
read Finneran. 
read Edwin L 



586 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 

Page 535, " 31, for Joseph read James. 

" 535) " 42, '' Frank J. read Frank G. 

" 540, line 4:, •' Newton read Newton J. 

" 541, " 42, " Dudley read Dwelly. 

" 541, " 52, " James H. read James A. 

" S45> " i3> " McGrauh read McGrath. 

" 547) " 13) " Condon read Conlon. 

" 547) " 26, " Nathaniel D. read Nathaniel N. 

" 553) " 5> " Hasty read Harty. 

" 553) " 46) " James read James L. 

" 554) " 28, " Marsaid read Mazzard. 

" 556) " 43) " Magnillon read Maquillan. 

" 559) " 6, " Bordan read Bardan. 

" 559) " 35) " Brown read Bonn. 

" 559) " 42, " Driden read Dryden. 

" 560, " 4, " Lion read Lyon. 

" 560, " 36, •' Huze read Huse. 

" 562, between lines 56 and 57, insert Smith, Elijah. 

" 563, line 13, for Greer read Grace. 

" 5^3) " 16) " Jacoby, Fred, riad Jacobi, Ferd. 

" 563, " iS, " Koalch read Koelch. 

" 563, " 19, " Mahan read Mihon. 

" 563, " 24, " Skink read Schenk. 

" 564, " 45, " Lathan read Latham. 

" 564, " 54) " John read Jehu. 

" 566, " 26, " Sullivan read O' Sullivan. 

" 567, " 16, " Charles H. read Charles F. 

" 568, " 34, " Bolis read Bolio. 

" 569, " 31, " William read Melville. 

" 569, " 40, " Woodbury E. read Woodbury C. 

" 569, " 41, " George F. read George H. 

" 573) " 8, " Storz read Story. 

" 573) " 20, " Rowe, George B. read Rome, George R. 

" 575) " 23, omit the word '"Deserted." 

*' 579i " 4) riglit column, for C. read E. 

" 579, " 21, middle column, insert E. after George. 

" 5S0, " 31, left column, for Loren read Lorins. 

" 5''-i. " 6j, left column, for Charles S. read Charles H. 

" c'.. ' *c>, middle column, for D. H. read D. S. 

" ssi. " s>>, right column, fo- 120, 224, read 119. 

" 581, " 51) right column, insert 224. 



THE MONUMENT. 



On a preceding page (517) are these words : " One thing, however, remains to 
be done by the city of Worcester, before her debt of gratitude to her fallen 
heroes can be paid. She owes it to herself, as well as and as much as to 
them, to erect a noble monument to their sacred memory." This duty has now 
been most honorably performed. A monument, solid, elegant, graceful, and 
suggestive, has been erected on the common, as a fitting expression of the honor 
and gratitude felt by the people of Worcester towards those of her sons who fell 
in a noble cause. 

" It is made of granite, with ornamental bronzes, and is generally pronounced 
to be the handsomest and best-proportioned of any in New England. Upon 
the foundation three steps are laid, each with eight inches rise, and eighteen 
inches tread. These steps are the base of the monument as designed by the 
artist. Measuring from the outside of the steps, the monument is twenty-eight 
feet square ; and the base proper is eleven feet square, with corners projecting 
diagonally, each corner being four feet square. Resting upon the steps is a die 
for the bronze tablets six feet high, and nine feet square, with molded base and 
cap. At each of the corners of the die, standing upon the projecting diagonal 
corners of the base, is a circular pedestal of the same height as the die. Above 
the tablet die is the medallion die, eight feet high, and seven feet square ; and 
above the tablet die is a smaller die, seven feet three inches high, and seven feet 
square. Each of these is moulded at the cap and base ; and the corners of the 
base, dies, and caps are beveled. Rising from the upper die is a Corinthian 
column, fifteen feet high, three feet and six inches in diameter at the base, and 
two feet and nine inches in diameter at the summit. Surmounting the Corin- 
thian column is the last piece of granite work, which consists of a full Corinthian 
cap of the Roman Corinthian order, of large leaves with ornamental work. 

" On the large die nearest the base are four large bronze tablets bearing the 
names of about four hundred Worcester soldiers who lost their lives during the 
Rebellion. The pedestals at the corners of this die support four bronze statues, 
representing the four branches of the service, — the army, the navy, the artiller}', 
and the cavalry. The pedestal at the north-west corner is occupied by the 
statue of a private soldier in full uniform, with overcoat and cape, holding his 
musket at 'charge bayonet.' On the south-west corner is the statue of a sailor 
holding in one hand a coil of rope. The pedestal at the south-east corner 
supports a statue of an artilleryman ; and the one at the north-east corner, a 
cavalryman with both hands resting on the hilt of his saber. These figures are 
each seven feet and three inches high, and are remarkably lifelike. On the die 
seen in looking between the statues, are four large bronze tablets. The one on 
the easterly side bears the inscription, ' Erected by the people of Worcester, in 
memory of her sons who died for the unity of the Republic, A.D. 1S61-1S65,' in 

587 



588 



THE MONUMENT. 



raised letters. On the tablet on the south side is a medallion, heroic size, of the 
late Gov. John A. Andrew, 'the war governor of Massachusetts.' On the tablet 
facing Front Street is a bas-relief of two figures, a wounded and dying soldier 
supported by a comrade. On the Salem-street side is a medallion of Abraham 
Lincoln, the martyred president, of the same pattern as that of Gov. Andrew. 
On the upper die on the westerly side is a bronze tablet bearing the seal of the 
city of Worcester ; and on the easterly side another, bearing the coat of arms of 
the United States. The tablet on the southerly side bears the coat of arms of 
Massachusetts ; and that on the northerly side, two swords crossed, and 
wreathed together with laurel. The crowning figure of the monument is a colos- 
sal bronze statue of ' Victory ' standing on a hemisphere of bronze which i? 
supported by the granite cap of the Corinthian column. In her right hand she 
holds aloft the sword of battle, and in her left the palm of victory. The height 
of this statue is about fifteen feet ; and the extreme height of the monument, from 
the batter to the tip of the sword in the hand of the Goddess of Victory, is sixty- 
six feet." Mr. Randolph Rogers designed and erected the monument. The 
cost was fifty thousand dollars. 

The 15th of July, 1874, was a gala-day in Worcester. Business was generally 
suspended ; and the day was given to the procession and the exercises at the 
dedication of the monument. The city government had appropriated seven 
thousand dollars to defray the expenses of the occasion, and appointed a special 
committee to assist in the proceedings. A procession was formed under the 
direction of Gen. Josiah Pickett, chief marshal, which consisted of veterans of 
various regiments which did honorable service in the war, nearly all the Grand 
Army posts in the county, numerous benevolent societies, fraternities, and lodges, 
and the fire-department of the city. The city government, and invited guests, were 
in carriages. The procession made a most imposing disjalay. The six divisions 
were in their assigned places on the common at one o'clock ; when the formal 
exercises began with a voluntary by the Germania Band of Boston. The grand 
stand, erected for the occasion, was occupied by the committees, city govern- 
ment, and invited guests ; while an immense throng of people, with the various 
organizations in the procession, was extended on every side. Prayer was offered 
by the Rev. William R. Huntington, rector of All-Saints Church ; and an 
original poem was read by the Hon. Benjamin F. Thomas. Mr. George 
Crompton, chairman of the executive committee, then gave a brief history of the 
origin and progress of the work, at the conclusion of which he gave the signal 
for the unveiling of the monument. In ten seconds the covering was entirely 
removed, and the structure stood out in all its beautiful proportions. Cheer 
after cheer rose spontaneously from the crowd of beholders. The expressions 
of admiration were universal and earnest. When the cheering had ceased, Mr. 
Crompton introduced the Hon. Alexander H. Bullock, who spoke as follows : — 

ADDRESS OF HON. A. H. BULLOCK. 

I CAN neither enlarge nor diminish the lesson of the hour inscribed upon the 
column before us. We have assembled to witness the erection of a monument 
by the people of Worcester to the memory of her sons who died for the union 



THE MONUMENT. 589 

of the States. Some memorial which should perpetuate the names of the four 
hundred citizens fallen for their country, and in association with them pay respect 
to the larger number of survivors who shared in the same military service, is not 
only an appropriate offering, but an absolute necessity from our human condi- 
tion. The sense of gratitude may be trusted so long as memory is fresh or tra- 
dition is actively repeated ; but these are of uncertain duration, and the time of 
forgetfulness comes only too soon and unawares. The necessary thing is some 
visible memorial, without which a haze of indifference quickly gathers over vir- 
tuous deeds, and the names of modest heroes are untimely lost. We readily 
believe with Cicero, that, but for the Iliad, the same grave which held the body of 
Achilles would also have entombed his name. But the historian poet never 
comes to commemorate the names of the great body of a nation's soldiery 
though its existence was preserved by their blood. Already a large part of this 
present assembly is in need of this monument for monitor and instructor. Some 
of us indeed remember the first general war-meeting held here for half a cen- 
tury, — on the sixteenth of April, 1S61, — which witnessed the fusion of all reli- 
gions, all politics, all nationalities, under one common sense of wrong and one 
common purpose of vindication : but that was more than thirteen years ago, 
almost half the time by which we measure a transitory generation ; and the young 
men of twenty-one to-day, who were then school-boys on the grammar form, are 
now learning as students that mighty series of events into which these soldiers 
were then enlisting as actors. Whilst, therefore, we stand around this majestic 
structure with varied reflections ; of approbation for the harmonious effect 
with which the eminent artist has made each part tributary to the whole work, 
his statues and embossments merging from their several quarters into civic and 
martial union beneath the column culminating in benignant victory ; of a cer- 
tain justifiable complacency for the unanimity with which the city has voted this 
token of its own public spirit ; of grateful welcome to these re-mustering ranks 
of the survivors, — privates who were companions, and officers who were leaders, 
of the noble dead, — in high supremacy over all these thoughts our gaze passes 
and fixes upon the names of those translated, and our heart returns to the con- 
sciousness that this is THEIR memorial, its first and last object to transmit their 
names and their deeds to a remote posterity. 

The story of the city in the late conflict is the history of the town of earlier 
days re-enacted on a larger scale and on wider fields. In free and brave com- 
munities, kept up to the measure of their fathers by a chivalrous standard of 
patriotic duty, the inheritance of good blood and inspiring traditions counts for 
an increasing degree of glorj', each generation not only retaining but augment- 
ing the vigor of their ancestors. That truth has been displayed in the public 
conduct of the people of this town in five historical wars, covering with greater 
or less intervals the period of one hundred and twenty-five years. It is a cen- 
tury since Lord Chatham, whose name will ever be held sacred by the freemen 
of Massachusetts, declared in the house of peers, with a pride surpassing the 
pride of argument, that the inhabitants of New England had raised on their own 
bottom four regiments, and taken Louisburg from the veteran troops of France. 
This provincial town, then scarcely advanced more than twenty years in its char- 
tered existence, was represented by its full quota in those regiments under Sil 



590 THE MONUMENT. 

"William Pepperell, and carried into that siege names which are still borne by some 
of our present townsmen, and are thus associated with the victory celebrated by the 
elder Pitt. The scenes of resolve and preparation which were witnessed here in 
1861 were the enlarged spectacle of the century preceding, and the same plains 
that were covered with the gathering troops of our day had whitened with the 
tents of our fathers under beat of the drums of the seven years' war, from 1756 
to 1763. They awoke at that time from a brief rest on their arms to actions 
from which Great Britain bore away imperial renown, and our ancestors the 
gloom of a depleted population and the transcendent lessons that fitted them for 
independence. The Worcester men moved everywhere in that war. They were 
at Crown Point and Fort William Henry ; they were in captivity at Montreal and 
in the epidemics of Lake George ; they shared with the ill-fated Abercrombie in 
the defeat of Ticonderoga, and with Gen. Amherst in the joy of triumph. It is 
not easy for the fifty thousand inhabitants of the present day to understand it ; 
yet the recorded rolls declare it, that the rugged stock of our predecessors sent 
more than five hundred men into the campaigns of the ten years ending with 
1756, out of a population not averaging through that period more than fourteen 
hundred. That character heroic, pervading the spiritual frame of the age, and 
working in acts of valor in the field, held the town among the foremost twelve 
years afterwards, and bore its citizens in triumph through another and severer 
struggle of seven years' duration. When the alarm messenger shouted on the 
green where we are now assembled the cry of blood from Lexington, at noon on 
the 19th of April, 1775, his voice fell upon a people already prepared by experi- 
ence and sacrifice, by long training of arms, and by inherited training of the 
spirit, at a minute's warning to strike the blows for independence ; and scarcely 
had cannon and bells ceased to reverberate over these hills, when two companies 
of one hundred and ten men were on their way for Concord and Boston. It was 
the tale of previous days. They marched out with the blessing of the same pul- 
pit which rang with its manly counsel ten years before ; they bore the discipline 
and daring of the Rangers of the French war ; they stepped to the same fife and 
drum which had sounded under the walls of Louisburg. I will not overtax 
your patience with the story of Worcester in the Revolution. Happily, we con- 
secrate this monument by the side of another,* which, while it commemorates 
the long suffering heroism of a distinguished soldier of the Revolution, commem- 
orates as well the whole part which this town bore in that war, from the first 
baptism in Middlesex to the final coronation of virtue at Yorktown. Of what 
kind in service and sacrifice that marble tells. He filled his regiment here, the 
stout old Fifteenth of the Massachusetts line in the Continental, known and im- 
pressed upon history by their ineffaceable footsteps at Saratoga, in Rhode Island, 
at Verplanck's Point, at Peekskill, at Valley Forge ; a band whose conduct in 
close, hot places was worthy of the stern commentary of Napier or Cassar, — 
descended long since to the grave of our common lot, — but after the lapse of 
two generations represented again as if in re-invested life and repeated glory 
under the colors of the Massachusetts Fifteenth of 1861. Example is the school 
of mankind. 

On the morning of the 15th of April, 1S61, the entire city was awakened by 

* The monument to Col. Timothy Bigelow. 



THE MONUMENT. 59I 

the intelligence that under the first blow struck for disunion the flag of the United 
States had been dishonored, and before nightfall the murmur of the armories 
and the common speech of all told of but one mind and one purpose. In a day 
we had all become republicans, we had all become democrats. The annals of 
that first week, its transfusion of heart to heart, its enthusiasm toned to solemn 
calm, its days and nights of ceaseless preparation, will supply a priceless inheri- 
tance in any future national exigency. The Light Infantry, first off and first at 
the capital, the City Guards and the Emmet Guards quickly following, filled the 
requisition for three hundred within five days from the first peal of the tocsin ; 
and the next Sabbath after the fall of Sumter witnessed that, by the departure 
of its first consecrated band, the city had not only met its present duty, but had 
covenanted for every future requirement. 

I advert again to the prompt enlistment of the Emmet Guards ; because, in my 
judgment, it was a representative fact of the highest importance to the permanent 
character of our government. This company was, I believe, the first organiza- 
tion of foreign blood which marched into the war ; though it was followed by 
others of various nationalities, all of which rendered cordial service unto the end, 
by the side of the patriotic native-born of the land. It is not any new boast, 
that, in the last seventy-five years, we have drawn to our shores discordant ele- 
ments from half the globe, and magnetized the mass with the electric spark of 
civil freedom ; but this is the first proof and illustration, on a national scale, that 
all distinctions of blood sink before the American flag, and that, in the hour of 
extreme peril, unity of action receives special guaranty and strength from 
diversities of origin. It would be impossible for me, within my limitations, to 
attempt any narrative of the subsequent organization here of companies and 
regiments, of which the stirring recollections have scarcely yet subsided. For- 
tunately, the whole of this history has been collated and published with honor- 
able industry and impartiality in a memorial volume, which the present generation 
cannot afford to neglect, and which will surely be appreciated by the next as 
having a great and a rare value. 

It is not possible that I should state the number of men who served as 
soldiers of the city. In this search I find the catalogue of their names dislo- 
cated and confused by the repeated enlistment of the same individuals in 
different regiments ; but I estimate their whole number as not far from three 
thousand. You are to bear in mind, also, that a very large number of our 
citizens did service in the lines of other States. Many of our own are thus lost 
to our recognition, save when in individual instances a conspicuous action or a 
conspicuous death dissolves the mystery, and brings back the name of a distant 
son for memorial honors at home. The records of Massachusetts volunteers 
officially show that the men of Worcester served under the colors of fifty dis- 
tinct regiments of infantry, five regiments of cavalry, and fourteen regimental 
or battery organizations of artillery, all sent into the field with the commission 
of John A. Andrew, whose name as the great war governor of Massachusetts 
will forever be associated with the immortal renown of her soldiers. Our eye 
detects amongst the inscriptions upon this monument the names of our sons 
fallen under the banners of seventeen regiments of our sister States, and nine 
military organizations of the general government. Estimating the probabilities 



592 THE MONUMENT. 

of the number of our own enlisted by the ascertained number of our own dead 
in regiments without the state, though we can reach no definite result, we know 
enough to be able to say for a truth that the blood of Worcester was offered foi 
the defense of the government in more than one hundred regiments, and under 
the flag of every loyal state. Marvelous touchstone for us all that conflict was. 
Between ourselves and some of the states of the centre and the West there had 
been for several years more or less of political and social difference, with a 
plenty of misapprehension and ill-blood all round ; but when the common test 
came to all, how blessed the reunion in which they stood together, and learned 
mutual respect under the same flag of stars. 

A sense of repletion of material comes over me when I contemplate the ex- 
tent and number of the fields which resounded with the tread of your soldiers. 
Not a page, but a volume would furnish the recital. They shared in the shifting 
lot of the army of the Potomac, from its clouded morning to its brilliant close ; 
in the marchings and fightings of the Shenandoah, till every open field and copse 
became familiar ground ; in the early welcome victories of Carolina ; in patient 
trials along the Gulf; in the hours of turning fortune at New Orleans, Port 
Hudson, and Vicksburg ; in the tangled marches and countermarches of Ten- 
nessee ; in every part of the country, in every great campaign, not excepting the 
Napoleonic excursion of Sherman to the sea. It would especially be my 
pleasing duty, if time would permit, to make particular mention of the deeds of 
the Worcester regiments, so called, city and county, and of a few others, in 
which a considerable proportion of our citizens enlisted, in whose personnel you 
became, by observation and contact, so deeply interested. I will not, indeed, 
omit to give voice to the opinion, to which the official testimony of so many of 
the higher officers of the army converges, that in labors and actions performed, 
and in the manner of performing them, they ranked among the most illustrious 
of the war. You will permit me to go one step farther, on simply my own 
authority ; for I take it there are some things in war, as in peace, which the com- 
mon sense of a layman, as well as a soldier, can interpret. I read the campaigns 
of the Spanish Peninsula, so often resorted to as a standard in military com- 
parison, and I read the most approved descriptive accounts of the service of 
these regiments of our own. I allow for some exaggeration in all the cases ; and, 
the farther back in the past they are, the greater this allowance should be ; and 
I declare the conviction, which every intelligent man is capable of forming, that 
for the moral and military qualities of a manly heroism, for versatile labors, for 
marches, for trials, for tough fighting, and for sublime endurance, laurel wreaths 
should fall around the shaft now rising before us, as profusely as Fame has ever 
strewn her honors over the memory of Talavera or Salamanca. Throughout the 
hostilities, it was a common complaint of the English critics, that many of our 
battles were inconclusive. We then thought that we knew something of the 
reason for this ; and military writers across the water are now confessing that 
they understand it as well. Conspicuously a writer of high authority in the pro- 
fession of arms, an officer of the British army, — Col. Chesney, — who in a 
recent volume, accounting for what he terms the " inconclusiveness " of our own 
engagements, very justly says that " the beaten side would not break up ; " and 
then goes on remarking, that, " in order to pursue, there must be some one to run 



THE MONUMENT. 593 

away ; and, to the credit of Americans, the ordinary conditions of European 
warfare, in this respect, were usually absent from the great battles fought [in the 
United States]." I dare say that those who have returned from the war will ap- 
preciate the compliment, no doubt a just one, to the valor of both sides in our 
struggle. It is nothing very new as a discovery. The great Condc, when asked 
why he did not take Marshal Turenne, since he often came very near to him, re- 
plied Ijfai peiir qtCil ne me prenne], — "I am afraid that he will take me." The 
fields of American valor are in every state, and on both sides of the cause ; and 
the regiments which are largely represented in yonder engraved list of the dead 
would, by any tribunal of comparison, be awarded some of the highest of his- 
torical honors. 

But we are not just if we measure the merit of these lives by battles alone. 
There was no hard detail of labor that they were not equal to, no patient and 
cheerless sacrifice they did not endure, no vicissitude of prosperous or adverse 
fortune they did not meet with serenity. Oh, my friends ! you may well believe 
that there is much of a soldier's life which is harder than a soldier's death. 
Consider the tedium and tiredness of preparation for action deferred, the ner- 
vous strain from constant vigil at patrol and picket, the extreme of human 
wretchedness which comes from hunger, — " two ears of corn a day's ration " 
in one of our regiments, " six spoonfuls of flour for seven days " in another, — 
consider the marching for objects unknown to the ranks, and therefore all the 
harder to endure, under the intensity of our sky, summer or winter, until the 
very heavens seem animate with cruel hostility, " over one thousand miles in the 
hottest season " (the Thirty -fourth) ; " marching without rations under a Missis- 
sippi sun, until some dropped dead in the ranks" (the Thirty -sixth) ; "marching, 
watching, starving, and fighting " in the mazes of Tennessee (the Twenty-first) ; 
consider the dreariness of exhaustion which steals over the senses like the fore- 
casting shadows of dissolution ; the days and nights so lengthened out in sick- 
ness ; the solemn and awful rest of captivity ; the horrors of prison, from which 
the cry of sacred misery rises to heaven, and where the Almighty sometimes 
abandons man to the display of his capacity for depravity, — and tell me whether 
you might not have preferred far rather the quick parting of soul and body in 
the waters of Ball's Bluff, amidst the transfiguration of victory on Lookout 
Mountain, in the battles of the Wilderness, that labyrinth of quick passing fury 
and quick coming glory. 

In the erection of this monument we symbolize alike the character of the war 
and the character of those who engaged in it. Several years ago a gentleman of 
military authority in England aroused a warm discussion by the assertion that a 
villain makes none the worse a soldier. That might be true in a single instance, 
under a transitory passion for plunder or booty ; but no sustained spirit of forti- 
tude such as carries a people through the changing tide of a long war can be 
counted on, unless the merit of the war itself be high enough to enlist in it high 
personal characters. "A war," says Mr. Burke, "a war to preserve national 
indej^endence, liberty, life, and honor, is a war just, necessary, manly, and pious ; 
and we are bound to j^ersevere in it by every principle, divine and human, as long 
as the system which menaces them has an existence." That was precisely our 
case ; and our fellow-citizens, looking at it with as fair and impartial an eye as was 



594 THE MONUMENT. 

ever united to a feeling heart, resolved to settle the question at once and for all 
tini.e, at whatever cost and sacrifice the struggle should find necessary. They 
left happy firesides for the cheerless camp, misled by none of the illusive glare 
of romance nor any passing gust of madness, but thoroughly convinced that the 
governm.ent their fathers had established was now on its test and trial, and that 
the blood of man must be shed to redeem the blood of man. Men who would 
have looked upon any other war of the present century as vanity or as crime car- 
ried their hearts and their arms impetuously into this. In the essential quality 
that marks great exemplars of patriotic virtue, they were as superior to the heroes 
of Marathon, one-tenth part of whom were slaves let loose to fight the battles of 
their masters, as the civil polity of New England transcends the imperfect civili- 
zation of Greece or Rome. They were citizen-heroes, bearing in one hand the 
musket, and in the other the violated constitution of their country, fully deter- 
mined and sworn, the Lord helping them, to carry the former to the land's end, 
if need be, to restore the latter to acknowledged supremacy over every inch of 
territory which had ever taken the national christening. I allow they were backed 
by tremendous forces from behind, — teeming industries, generous wealth, the 
sympathetic support of women, the most active that any age had witnessed ; but 
they had a greater backing than these, — principles descended to them in the high 
phrase of Milton, endeared to them through the depth and pathos of colonial 
and revolutionary traditions, sounding through their hearts in the undying words 
of Adams and Warren, of Webster and Sumner. In sending such men into the 
field, you sent out armed doctrines which were invulnerable and immortal, — 

"Spirits that live throughout. 
Vital in every part, not as frail man ; " 

and wherever or in whatsoever numbers their mortal representatives should fall, 
the imperishable principle was certain to re-appear in other champions on the field, 
until the wrong should be forever vanquished. 

And who were the three thousand that went out from the city to bear aloft such 
a standard in such a cause ? For the most part they were the young men of the 
day, the flower of the city's manhood. "Youth is genius," says Disraeli. Un- 
doubtedly youth is the stage of the ideal inspirations which play a most impor- 
tant part in every decisive revolution or social advancement. Not all age is 
sluggish, and not all youth is pure or progressive ; but human nature has its rules, 
and they are not disturbed by the exceptions. Advanced towards the grand cli- 
macteric, men are apt to become affectionately attached to the seasons of peace, 
in which they find accumulated profits and fLxed pleasures better placed than in 
war. The dead level of civilization, the inertia of states, is best administered 
by the wisdom of the elders ; but when the great change comes, and obsolete or 
vicious institutions are to pass away by violence, as too often they must, younge/ 
men have to give and take the blows, though old ones may have to be called in 
again at the close to assist in the adjustments. 

The first Pitt was comparatively but a young man when he set in motion the 
influences that drove the old councillors from around the throne, and in a short 
career, which reads like a romance of the imagination, bore with his own hand 
the flag of British conquest blazing with triumph over two hemispheres. A few 



THE MONUMENT. 595 

years later, with the gout settling over his body, and the caprices of patrician 
dignity over his spirit, he made the remark which is frequently and only partially 
quoted : that " confidence is a plant of slow growth in aged bosoms ; youth is the 
season for credulity." I accept the stately apothegm for the American situation. 
The young men of the United States had prepared the way for the contest : it was 
the product of their enthusiasm. It was to be a contest of desperation. In the 
fullness of time the day had come when the institution, so called, the hoary mon- 
arch of our political system, who 

" Not content 
With fair equality, fraternal state, 
Did arrogate dominion undeserved 
Over his brethren," 

was to be met in the last demand and on the last field ; and all our habits of con- 
cession and surrender, confirmed and indurated for three generations, were to be 
upturned and reversed, — the day of a social, elemental revolution, in which the 
proud master should retire forever from the scene, in which many of the rela- 
tions of production and commerce were to be changed, and many of the old 
methods of business and politics were to be swept along like stubble before a 
wild northwester. 

And who could be best fitted to encounter such a situation ? The sculptor, 
Mr. Rogers, who, I may as well say to you, was true as steel to his country dur- 
ing all the war, a terror at Rome to every inflated refugee from home, — the sculp- 
tor has placed before you the answer to my question. In full sympathy with his 
subject, he has symbolized each arm of the service in youthful figure, fashioned 
in a soldier's grace and strength, upon whose countenance sits the silent power 
of hope and faith, while over them all settles the indomitable will fitting their 
character and their cause. Nothing that is tricked, nothing that is theatrical or 
affected, lurks in these ideals. The artist has met the occasion. The young men 
who filled the rolls of that war must have been surcharged with the electric fire of 
enthusiasm ; must have breathed in the atmosphere of a credulity which easily 
believes in heroic and revolutionary deeds ; must have been so unhackneyed in 
the ways of age as from instinct to repel every suggestion of compromise ; credu- 
lous enough to have an easy faith in the eternal union of the states ; credulous 
enough to snuff emancipation in the air before it appeared to the sight ; to behold 
high above the clouds of that desperate day the honor and renown which would 
come to those who should strike the chains from four millions of men, and elevate 
them to the peerage of American citizenship, — or the contest would have broken 
down in its second year. Such we saw them muster. From the shops, from the 
professions, from the churches, from the schools upon these surrounding high- 
lands, they came with the dew of youth upon their lips, and bravely were sworn 
in for freedom, for their country, and their God. Oh, my fellow-citizens ! those 
were historical hours. The example of past generations tingled in their veins, 
and forgotten histories re-appeared in those new young lives. The descendant 
of one, who, ninety years before, had stood with musket in the first company of 
martyrs at Lexington, broke away from the peace of home to complete the work 
of his ancestor, and laid down his life in the far-off prison which horror forbids 



596 



THE MONUMENT. 



me to mention. How true it is, as formulated by Bolingbroke, that "the virtue 
of one generation is transfused by the magic of example into several generations ! " 
I recall the young citizen of foreign blood, hereditary from Waterloo, who came 
forward in that first enlistment to match the gallantry of his sire, and fell to his 
sleep at Cold Harbor, asking that his face might be turned to the enemy, and the 
banner of stars be held over his body in his dying moments. The whole war was 
unlike any other : religion, poetry, and eloquence had prepared the way ; and it 
came at length, stirring to their profoundest depths the ideal elements of na- 
tional life, a -credulous pride and boast for the destiny of the flag, rich veins of 
sentiment never so quickened before, conceptions of freedom such as can flame 
only in the heart fresh from the studies of boyhood, and unchecked by the cooler 
calculations of advanced years. 

As we unveil the statues of the army of the dead, our justice and gratitude 
fall short of our duty and desire, if we fail to comprehend the results they 
achieved. All this, to-day, is an empty pageantry, if we catch not the 
lesson of the occasion. I take that lesson from the engraved entablatures, 
where it will be read for ages to come : they achieved not only a conquest and 
a peace, but they established the unity of the Republic. They accomplished 
something more. It sometimes happens that war, that divinity as mysterious in 
action as tremendous in power, accomplishes incidentally purposes not inferior 
to the original and principal object. " War never leaves where it found a 
nation." If peace had come from early surrender, and not from final conquest, 
— from the first day at Bull Run, and not from the last day at Appomattox, — 
then it would have been, in the language of Washington, " a peace of war." In 
the same roar of battle in which the union of states was sealed to perpetual life, 
the Constitution gained its just and final interpretation, without which any victory 
would have been only a transient joy. Very early after the opening of hostilities 
it became obvious, and by none more quickly discerned than by the ingenuous 
and independent volunteer, that the one thing absolutely essential for enduring 
union and peace was the acknowledgment of the equality of all, and their right 
to enfranchisement. The moral sense of the nation, which had become more 
keen by war, the alternations of the cause oscillating between victory and defeat, 
the talk of the volunteers about the camp-fires, the judgment of the world, the 
visible tokens of the Divine will, combined to aggravate and heighten the demand 
for a completed republic under universal emancipation, and a homogeneous 
people under universal suffrage. And then repose. It has come ; but it could 
only have come after war. It needed the tramp of armies to break down the 
prejudices rooted by the vicious overgrowth of a hundred years, and twining 
about the very body of the Constitution. We might as well suppose, that after 
months of torrid heat and vapor, rolling vegetable life to a scroll, the God of 
nature would clear the atmosphere without the agency of electric sublimity and 
destruction, as believe that the current of national vice of a century could be 
changed, and the institutions grounded in the mercenary passions of many gene- 
rations could be overturned, without the vicissitudes and agonies of protracted 
war. 

Out of the war has come another reform, in the interpretation of the powers 
of the government, which never would have been won in peace. We have 



THE MONUMENT. 597 

learned at last that the sovereignty of the nation is greater than the sovereignty 
of the states. We tried that question under the civil experience of eighty years, 
without reaching a settlement. The Revolution found us united, but only for a 
special purpose ; and the Declaration of Independence, though grand as a war- 
cry, was by no means a bond of government. The Confederation which fol- 
lowed proved only a joint-stock association, liable to dissolution at any moment, 
because it established no central power to raise revenue, or enforce a treaty, or 
compel a state. It was rich enough for individual liberty, but was poverty as a 
unit of sovereignty. It sprang out of provincialism, and came only to statism, 
and not to nationality. It was something splendid as a stage of progress, but 
could be nothing as a consummation. Then, as a consequence, came the Consti- 
tution. Singularly enough, Madison, the champion of the Constitution, gave to 
his own work its first and worst construction of weakness in the Virginia reso- 
lutions of "ninety-eight." Those resolutions, coupled since with African slavery, 
have been the cause of our war. When, long afterwards, Webster, in reply to 
Hayne, put forth the only construction under which this Union could live, Madi- 
son, then an old man, explained away the resolutions of "ninety-eight;" but it 
was too late : the mischief had begun its irresistible work. The same school of 
interpretation continued ; and under the authority of its great master, Calhoun, 
it outlived the argument of Webster, the denunciation of Clay, the invective of 
Adams, and took its last animate form and articulate expression in James 
Buchanan. In the expiring hours of his administration he led the way to the 
opening of war by promulgating to the world once more, and for the last time, 
that the national sovereignty was powerless before the sovereignty of the States; 
and, with these parting words, he retired from the Capitol to his eternal retreat. 
He closed the doors of the old school forever ; and it only remained for Abraham 
Lincoln to open the doors of the new. 

And now, after all these years of the strife of opinions and of arms, we have 
come to the opportunity of gratitude for the establishment of the central authority 
of this union, and of the sovereignty of unity over its parts, of the oneness and 
indestructibility of American nationality. This has been an open question 
before, and never could have been solved until the disputants at the South as 
well as at the North should acknowledge it to be solved ; and the ordeal of fire 
and blood alone could bring them to such acknowledgment. And that time has 
arrived. They who resisted the idea of the dominant authority of the federal 
principle by a war of words for seventy years, and by a war of arms for four 
years, which seemed longer than the seventy before, are in substantial agreement 
with other sections in accepting this trial of battle as the finality. They have 
entered with us all upon reconstruction, with acknowledgment of the establish- 
ment of federal authority, disputed before, but conceded at length ; claimed by 
Hamilton, but frittered quite away by Madison ; demonstrated by Webster, but 
surrendered by Buchanan ; established now, if any thing can be said to be 
established, for all coming time, by the hearts and by the arms of the people. 
Nothing exceeds in grandeur the settlement of this disputed question. It proves 
that the silence of the Constitution, which all over the world had been accounted 
its weakness, was destined, under Providence, to become its strength. What- 
ever shall be the number of states between the Atlantic and the Pacific, they 



598 



THE MONUMENT. 



shall live and govern under one common authority, and under one common 
flag. 

Looking back to the events of the contest, we find there a new school for the 
national character. I am not afraid of seeming to touch upon the delicate 
ground of military glory. The renown of martial deeds is better than national 
decay. The necessity had become imminent and overshadowing for some fresh 
infusion in the sluggish and turbid current of the national spirit. Inglorious 
sloth was to be broken by virtuous activity. For half a century, with scarcely 
any interruption, we had been harvesting the fruits of prosperous peace ; but 
we had also garnered into the treasury of the heart a large mixture of the 
noxious growths which spring up in a long period of social inertia. The atmos- 
phere was heavy with the overspread and far-stretching vapors, rising from the 
malarial luxuriance of the broad level of materialistic life ; and the blast of war 
came to inspire, to change, and to purify. The politics and ambitions of the 
time were composed, so to speak, of two or three stratified periods of com- 
promise and bargain, of immutable principles, exchanged for transient repose, 
when the war fell to startle the fallen virtue of the people to manly self- 
sacrifice and heroism. In such a change, the whole nation became a school of 
honor, of noble aspirations, of exalted sentiments. The air grew fragrant with 
courage, decision, manliness, and rectitude ; and a new generation rose stocked 
with exhilarating lessons and examples. You may deplore, you must deplore, 
the necessity of so terrible an agency of reformation ; but you recognize in it the 
hand of the God of your fathers. If you ask in what sense moral and social 
good can come from these feats of arms, from the trials and suffering of that 
dread ordeal, the answer is, — good in the very manifestation of greatness, of 
enterprise, of valor, of suffering, good in the shape of bright and stimulating 
examples offered to the contemplation of the next generation. The line of un- 
interrupted uniformity connecting the ages of a nation may conduct to riches 
and contentment ; bat the danger is that it will become a contentment of mer- 
cenary and obtuse sentiments even worse than the shock of martial magnetism. 
Certain it is that the Almighty has so dealt with us, and with all the other 
nations of modern power. Nor do I limit my estimate of the moral stimulation 
of the late conflict to the rugged half of our population. In no less degree has 
it been a stimulating educator to the other sex, formed to gentle manners, and 
trained to a merciful religion. No former generation, of Spartan or Roman 
fame, has better illustrated the whole circle of grace and beneficence than the 
women of America throughout that dark and troubled period. Under all 
defeats and discouragements, not any utterance of doubt nor sign of dissension 
among the sterner sex, nor any degree of grief or sacrifice brought home to their 
own hearts, for a moment disturbed, in the women of this country, " the firm and 
settled purpose of their souls to undergo all, and to do all that the meekest 
patience, the noblest resolution, and the highest trust in God, could enable 
human beings to suffer or to perform." The moral and social heroism which the 
war called into activity, elevating men and women to higher spheres of thought 
and action than any they had moved in before, will live as examples during this 
generation, and pass down among the traditions that shall instruct and animate 
the following. 



THE MONUMENT. 599 

It seems to many of us, as the consciousness of yesterday, that bonfires and 
illuminations in all the land proclaimed that fraternal blood had ceased to flow ; 
and yet, even already, the war has been consigned to history, and the era of res- 
toration is completed. Pacification, reconciliation, meets with an all-embracing 
welcome in every section, in every state. Providence, in its benignant work, 
has outstripped the anticipations of both sides. Unfriendly prophets in Europe 
have been disappointed ; we ourselves have been disappointed by the swiftly 
following re-action of all the better parts of human nature. Community of in- 
terest, fellowship, and blood, of strength, pride, and renown, has so quickly 
proved too mighty and too benevolent for the lingering memory of wrong and 
the lurking thought of retaliation. Since the first assembling of states at 
Philadelphia, a century ago, there has been no such manifestation of the saving 
grace and power of nationality as that which now pervades this great people. 
Nor can the history of civil wars in other countries and other ages supply a 
parallel or a precedent to ours. 

Within nine years after the shedding of blood, one tone and purpose of re- 
nationalization courses like a river of peace through all the states and churches, 
through all the industries and inter-communications, through all political and all 
social life. To-day the highest policy of states lies in the broadest mag- 
nanimity, and the wisest statesmanship is forgetfulness and forgiveness. We 
have passed through a protracted period of war : now let us take our hearts with 
us into a protracted period of fraternization. The voice of pacification cries to 
us from the ground. The earth is the common tomb of the war, the common 
resting-place of silence and reconciliation, where in the awful but kindly 
brotherhood of death the dust of warriors may commingle in peace. The living 
ought to learn peace from the dead. I am sure that we all concurred with the 
President of the United States in his recent declaration to Congress, that the 
last manifestation of sectional passion ought to be buried beneath a tolerant and 
statesmanly amnesty. The people of all the states, weary of war, weary of dis- 
sension, hail the dear old flag, never so dear before, as the assurance of a united 
nation and universal peace. 

To those who fell we bring the votive offering of this passing hour. The re- 
corded list is rich with memories of self-sacrificing patriotism, and the immortal 
fame of dying for one's country. In reading and studying their names, I have 
felt oppressed with a desire to make here and there some special mention ; but 
I have schooled myself to forbear, under a sense of justice forbidding me to lay 
a discriminating finger upon the sacred roll. Wherever they offered up their 
lives, amid the thunder of battle or on the exhausting march, in victory or in 
defeat, in hospital or in prison, officers and privates, soldiers and patriots all, 
they fell like the beauty of Israel, on their high places, burying all distinction of 
rank in the august equality of death. In that same spirit of impartial justice 
their names are engraved on the enduring bronze, where they will be read in 
after ages when the hands that reared the work and the voices which now dedi- 
cate it shall have passed away and been forgotten. The names of those who 
fell at Marathon, inscribed upon the pillars erected over the spot, were legible to 
more than twenty successive generations ; and we may devoutly trust that these 
names of our sons, if obscured by time, will be restored by the pious hands of 



600 THE MONUMENT. 

our successors, and will continue as long as the Union shall last, though it be a 
thousand years. Especially to you, surviving comrades of the conflict, who have 
assembled in such vast throng to participate in these fleeting ceremonies, we 
commit the keeping of this sacred trust, — to the army of the living the duty of 
protecting the honor of the army of the dead. 

The address of Mr. Bullock was followed by the 

RESPONSE OF MAJOR-GEN. CHARLES DEVENS, JuN. 

With the reflections that have been excited by the noble address to which we 
have just listened engrossing our minds, with the emotions it has kindled still 
swelling our hearts, it would hardly seem advisable (were I to consult my own 
views alone) that more should be added ; and we might well depart, satisfied 
that all it was in our power to do by the exercises of this day had been done. 
Yet as it has seemed otherwise to the committee, who have desired that some 
one should speak upon this occasion who had himself served with those whose 
deeds we have striven this day to commemorate, I answer readily to the call. 
Certainly it is most fitting, that in a city whose existence and prosperity demon- 
strate, more clearly than any labored argument could do, all that has been 
achieved by the great principles of liberty and equality which are the founda- 
tion-stones of the mighty fabric of the American Union, some memorial should 
rise, which should tell in after times our affectionate and profound regard for 
the heroic self-devotion and exalted patriotism of those who have died to pre- 
serve it. Did not the impulse of gratitude constrain us to a work like this, wis- 
dom alone would dictate, that, by its mute appeal, there should be inculcated 
upon all the force and beauty of the noble example they have afforded. 

The education of a people in great ideas is not by books alone : there is a 
warmth and glow in whatever is brave, noble, and heroic, among the men of our 
own race and time, which we shall look for in vain among the teachings of the 
remote past ; and all wise nations have striven to perpetuate the memory 
of those whom they have deemed worthy of honor by the pen of the poet, the 
voice of the orator, and the hand of the sculptor. How strong and potent was 
the remembrance, through every phase of our great struggle, that we were en- 
deavoring to preserve that government, which, with infinite care, our fathers had 
constructed, you do not need I should remind you. As to the lips of many a 
dying soldier — lips that were to know joy and grief no more — there came 
a smile as he proudly recalled that he too had trod, and with no unequal foot- 
steps either, in the paths marked out by our great forefathers ; so shall hereafter 
those to whom, in a few short years, we must surrender over this fair land, as 
they advance, in the freshness of their youthful energy, to the duty of citizens, 
gather inspiration from the example of these men who were our comrades and 
brethren. They shall hear of the fierce fights of the Peninsula, of Antietam, Get- 
tysburg, and Nashville, of the march to the sea, and the surrender of Appo- 
mattox ; and their hearts shall glow with the desire to emulate the noble fidelity 
and courage of the soldiers of the war of the Rebellion. They shall read the sad 
and wretched story of horrors and systematic tortures of the Southern prison- 
houses, which history will be compelled by truth to record ; and shall be filled 



THE MONUMENT. 6oi 

with a deeper detestation of that system of slavery which made such cruelties 
possible, and a loftier respect for that liberty for which these brave men have 
died. To-day we rear no monument to military glory ; we come not to adorn 
with the laurel wreath the brow of any great chieftain, but to honor those quali- 
ties which make men truly great, although their duties were performed in the 
humblest station. The lesson taught by these noble lives and heroic deaths we 
seek to impress, so that it may sink deep into the hearts of our countrymen long 
after our own have ceased to beat. 

The duties which the citizens of every free government owe to it are, of neces- 
sity, of a higher and more solemn character than the obligations which are due 
from the subjects of any other state. It is emphatically their own, made by 
their own will ; to be sustained, if sustained at all, by their own power. When 
menaced by disorder from within, or foes from without, it is for themselves to 
defend it. And this duty cannot be avoided or transferred : they who would be 
free, and who would preserve their freedom, alike, " themselves must strike the 
blow." 

We recognize fully that among the causes which have degraded nations by 
the evils, moral and social, which it brings in its train, by the debts with which 
it encumbers industry, and burdens its rewards, war has been among the worst. 
We know that at this stage of the world's progress, and in this era of civiliza- 
tion, every nation which enters upon a war so vast and tremendous as that which 
was entailed upon us must justify itself and its acts. Before the august tribunal 
of history, whose summons cannot be disregarded, before the civilized world, we 
are ready to plead and answer. As a part of the people of the United States, a 
city from whose limits there went forth, largely recruited here, and almost en- 
tirely from this county, seven splendid regiments, some of which may fairly be 
classed as among the most distinguished of the whole army, we assert by the 
solemn act of to-day, by this bronze and granite, that had not we, had not these 
men and their comrades, done what they did, the fabric of free government be- 
queathed to us would have been destroyed, and the hopes of freemen throughout 
the world have been blasted. We assert that the cause for which our brave men 
died — that of free government, that of human liberty — forever entitles them 
to honor, to tender and grateful recollection ; and that the bravery and fortitude 
they exhibited were the true fruits of the patriotism out of which they sprung. 
We assert, now that the battle is fought and the victory won, that what they did, 
and what we did, was demanded most solemnly by duty ; and that, if we had 
failed in putting forth every effort to suppress the rebellion, we should have been 
worthy to be branded as recreant to liberty. 

By no fault of ours, by the wisdom of our fathers, — and I use the words 
with the tenderest respect for them, for I realize all their difficulties, — there had 
been welded together, not in a compact, but by an organic law, two classes of 
states. That there should be such a Union, was a matter of political necessity ; 
and no one can contemplate that wonderful form of government without the pro- 
foundest respect and reverence for its founders ; successfully combining as they 
did, by it, the peace and good order of small states with the strength, power, and 
widely extended influence of a great government. That there was a flaw in their 
work, they knew ; and yet, looking at it as they saw it when it was done, when 



602 THE MONUMENT. 

they recognized that they were freed from the troubles, the jealousies, the weak- 
ness, of the Confederation which had struggled through the Revolution, and, after 
the external cohesive pressure of war had been withdrawn, had tried to perform 
some of the duties of a government, what wonder that they trusted, in process of 
time, the states would become essentially alike, and slavery, which they hesitated 
to acknowledge by name, would, by some agency, pass away ? It was not so to 
be ; yet the steady progress of coming events, were their course not interrupted, 
rendered it impossible that it should be otherwise. Madly resolved to rule or 
ruin, determined to interrupt the natural progress of events, and the victory for 
freedom which peace was so rapidly winning through them, the southern states 
determined to dismember the Union. Perhaps even in this we might have 
acquiesced, had we not seen clearly that two such governments as our own, and 
the one they would have established, could not exist together. We should have 
been side by side with a nation, from the very necessities of its existence aggres- 
sive, resolute, determined and compelled to seek out new fields into which to 
extend its power. There was an instinct which told the American people not 
only that, if they permitted the Union to be once divided, it could never be re- 
united ; but also that, if broken into two such states, one or the other must have 
the mastery. Our war is never to be confounded with the struggles for power 
or for extended territory, or the fierce contests of dynasties, which constitute so 
large a portion of those which have filled the earth with bloodshed : it was a 
great elemental struggle, in which two opposite systems were placed in direct 
conflict. Difficult as it had been to deal with the question of slavery within the 
Union, it was impossible to deal with it in a government outside of the Union ; 
and it was to be settled then and there, whether the continent should be all free, 
or all slave. Like the clouds charged with opposite electricities, which sweep 
over and meet in collision in our summer skies, these two systems came, of 
necessity, into collision ; but as after the electric storm the air is purer and fresher, 
so, now that the fury of the tempest has passed, the face of all nature is brighter 
and fairer. Perhaps it may be true, that if it had been revealed to us how vast 
the contest, how immense the suffering, how terrible the expenditure of life, we 
should have shrunk back aghast from that sea of fire and blood ; but the heart of 
no people ever beat more strongly and truly than did that of the American peo- 
ple as it sent back its answer to the cannon-fire which announced that the flag 
of the Union no longer protected from insult those over whom it floated. The 
Union, it is said, is no rope of sand such as the winds and waves may toss upon 
the shore, but a chain whose links, though bright as gold, are yet strong as ada- 
mant. To every government is given, by its very organization, the power to save 
itself : to every people is given the power to subdue and punish traitors. 

Wars have not always been unmixed evils. Out of the fierce conflicts of the 
English people, in the days of our own Puritan fathers, came the liberty which 
England now enjoys ; and it is by wars that France and Spain blindly, often 
madly, striving, still force their way on to the republic which is their only hope 
for permanent peace. Who is there to say, that, vast as the price was, our own 
conflict was not worth all that it cost .-* True it is, that our treasure was poured 
out like water ; that noble and valuable lives, not to be estimated in any scale of 
material wealth, were sacrificed by thousands : yet the consolidation of a govern- 



THE MONUMENT. 603 

ment, in which two discordant elements had so long contended, was worth even 
this mighty price. The American people, rejecting all the shallow artifices of 
compromise, have placed their feet firmly and forever upon the great rocks 
of liberty, equality, and justice ; and from them they cannot be moved. The per- 
sonal feelings engendered between us and the rebellious portion of the southern 
states will pass away as the physical signs of the conflict rapidly disappear ; but 
the work which these hands, now cold and still, have wrought, is to remain as long 
as freedom has an abiding-place on earth. Of the unfortunate victims whom the 
twin furies of Slavery and Rebellion led forth to battle, although we stand here in 
honor of the brave who yielded their lives in the great and holy cause of loyalty 
and freedom, we will speak no words of harshness : misled, betrayed, erring, 
they were our countrymen still. But it were childish weakness to speak of their 
cause other than as it was. Already the voices of true men who served in the 
confederate army begin to speak out in recognition of the truth, that it was one 
opposed alike to the government of the country, the civilization of the age, and 
to humanity itself. The victories of the sword are sharp and incisive ; those of 
opinion, slower, yet more enduring. But the day will come when, throughout the 
eleven states which were the seat of this gigantic rebellion, it will be universally 
admitted that it was better for them, as well as for us, that it failed. 

For the cordial greeting that has been given to those who have been soldiers 
in the field, for the generous and noble tribute that has been paid to them by 
the orator of the occasion, which has been so warmly received, I return thanks, 
on their behalf and my own, most sincerely. 

To-day we that have been soldiers desire to do all honor to the noble spirit 
of loyalty that prevailed at home, which encouraged the heart, and strengthened 
the hand, of every man who went forth to the field. We know well how many 
there were whom age, infirmity, or duties more immediate and imperative even 
than those of filling the army, prevented from being of our number. All who, 
in those hours of trial, did their duty are entitled proudly to remember it now 
and hereafter. Nor ought we, nor do we, forget the obligations we are under to 
the women of the country, for the courage they manifested from the beginning 
to the very close of the struggle. Even now, when the call for charity is made, 
and it must, of necessity be, that at the close of war so terrible as this it is 
often made, their ears are never deaf. Hard as is the lot, stern as is the duty, 
of the soldier who slings on his knapsack for the weary fields of war, that of 
the mother who gives up her son, of the wife who gives up her husband, of the 
maiden who gives up her lover, is harder still ; for it is hers only to weep and 
watch and wait. For him, if there is the danger, there is the stern joy, of the 
conflict ; for her, only the long, weary hours of sadness and suspense. I read 
of the noble Roman and Grecian mothers, of the brave and tender women 
whom English literature and English poetry have loved to remember ; but 
again, and yet again, in our own day, was re-enacted here every beautiful story 
of feminine self-sacrifice, by the women of our own land. Honor to all for their 
words of encouragement and cheer, with which they strove to fortify the hearts 
of those whom they loved, even when their own were nearly bursting ! But for 
those who in lonely homes, or by bereaved firesides, wait still for the footsteps 
that are to come no more on earth, for the voices that are forever silent, let 



604 THE MONUMENT. 

them believe that the tenderest sympathy and most affectionate regard of a 
grateful people now and always surround them. 

Of the men themselves, whose names are borne upon these tablets, how can 
I trust myself to speak on an occasion which seems to recall them, as I have 
known them, through all the long and anxious years of the war, sometimes sad 
and weary with the long marches under the stifling heat of the July sun, or in 
the wet and cold of December's snow, sometimes cheerful and gay as they 
gathered in merry groups around the evening fires ? Again their voices seem to 
ring out loud and high in the charging cheer of the fierce attack ; again to speak 
in the old, calm, resolute tones, as they sternly struggle with the sad hours of 
disaster and defeat. There are names written here that I cannot, dare not, trust 
myself to utter, lest I lose the self-control proper for the occasion ; for they are 
the names of men who have fought by my side in my own commands, who have 
shared my mess and my blanket, upon whom often my arm has leaned with a 
confidence that never was betrayed. To many hearts there comes the thought 
of these, dearer and tenderer than any others can be : yet it is better to recall 
them together, as they are grouped together by valor in their country's cause, 
and by their glorious doom. Embracing every condition of our social life, the 
richest and poorest, the best and the least educated, they were true representa- 
tive men of the American people, — citizens before they were soldiers, holding 
that as their highest title, and always remembering that they were soldiers only 
that they themselves, and those for whom they died, might enjoy forever the 
proud title of citizens of a well-ordered, peaceful, free republic. By far the 
larger number were of the enlisted men ; and, of those who were borne upon the 
roll as officers, many have carried the knapsack and the musket in the ranks 
of the army. The distinctions of position, inseparable from a service where 
each man must give up to his superior in rank his own will and judgment, 
have long since passed away among the living ; how much more among the 
dead ! To-day we come to do honor to those qualities of courage, fidelity, 
patriotism, which ennoble him who exhibits them, no matter what his rank or 
station. That there were differences among these men, is, no doubt, true ; for 
it would be idle to pretend that all were equally actuated by the same lofty 
patriotism, the same exalted spirit. Yet if among them there is any one less 
worthy than the others, I use the words of the Athenian orator when I say that 
" I hold above him, as a shield, his value in his country's behalf." When all 
deductions are made, if any are to be made, the fact will stand that no army 
ever went to the field more solemnly resolved upon duty, or animated by a 
higher sense of its responsibility, than that which characterized our own. It 
was no fierce fire of ambition, no thirst for the pomp and glitter of military 
glory, no wild longing for adventure, that urged them on ; but with a deep sense 
of their obligation to their country, with a full knowledge of all their dangers, 
yet with a determination to meet them all, that they went forth. They were 
nobler men, they were braver soldiers, because, calmly reflecting, they had 
followed the path to which duty beckoned, in the stern faith that they would 
follow it still, even though it led them to death. 

To-day there is no time to dwell at length on their deeds ; for, to enumerate 
all the trials of those doubtful years, is the province of the historian, and not of 



THE MONUMENT. 605 

the casual speaker ; but steadily we pressed on until God had given us the vic- 
tory. These men could not know, when they fell, but that their struggles would 
be useless ; for their dying eyes were permitted to look only upon the sad spec- 
tacle of states " discordant, belligerent, and drenched in fraternal blood : " yet 
now the land itself seems nobler and fairer for these that it bears in its bosom. 
As the power of association unites the memory of each to the spot where his 
mouldering dust is laid, so our mountains seem loftier, as they guard the resting- 
places where they lie ; and our rivers to move to the sea with a broader and 
prouder sweep, because of the brave men whose life-blood has mingled with 
their streams. 

'They fell, devoted but undying ; 

The very gale their names seems sighing ; 

The waters murmur of their name ; 

The woods are peopled with their fame. 

Their spirits wrap the dusky mountain ; 
Their memory sparkles o'er the fountain ; 
The meanest rill, the mightiest river, 
Rolls mingling with their fame forever." 

Comrades ! The monument we have to-day received, I do not permit myself 
to doubt we shall cherish always as a memorial worthy of every honor. To-day 
we have dedicated it by the strains of sad yet proud music, by the pen of the 
poet, by the voice of the accomplished orator who has addressed us, and by 
solemn invocation to Heaven, as our attestation of the truth and bravery of these 
men. We have commended them and their deeds forever to the gratitude of 
their fellow-countrymen. Yet our ceremony will be but formal and empty if we 
do not endeavor to show in ourselves, now and always, some evidence of the 
patriotism which they exhibited. The rebel flag was furled, indeed, at Appo- 
mattox ; but our duties as citizens are not finished, and never can be while life 
shall last. As we stood together in our ranks, in the fields that girdle round this 
fair city, ere we started on that journey from which so many were never to re- 
turn, with bared heads and uplifted hands we solemnly swore to be true to the 
Republic, and to defend it against all its enemies. From that great oath the 
dead alone are absolved, however bravely we may have kept it in the smoke and 
fire of the battle-field. To-day let us renew that solemn obligation ; to the lux- 
Ux"y that enervates a nation, let us oppose the dignity of simple, manly, heroic 
lives ; to the corruption that seems always to prey upon great and wealthy states, 
let us show ourselves always resolute and implacable foes ; and as at the dawning 
of the Rebellion, so now, let us pledge our faith to all our fellow-citizens, and our 
undying devotion to the Union, wherever the great flag, the symbol of liberty 
and law, waves on the land or on the sea. 

And now, dear fallen comrades, wherever you have found your final resting- 
place, repose in peace and honor. We who shared with you the long night 
watches, the weary marches, the stormy conflicts, like you are soon to pass away ; 
but coming generations shall take up our eulogy, and you shall be known and 
honored long after the clods of the valley have pressed us to our eternal rest. 
Though to a narrow vision your lives seem short, your deaths to have been 
premature, yet that life is full and complete which, like yours, has answered life's 



6o6 THE MONUMENT. 

great end. It is not wealth or power alone that constitutes the true glory of a 
state, but noble, high-souled men ; and this imperial Union shall hold your fame 
forever as the brightest jewel in her radiant crown. As hearts cannot be di- 
vided, as true souls must ever remain united, so are we one army still. Although 
the great river which rolls between the living and the dead yet leaves us on this 
hither side ; although we see that your faces are bright with a light more re- 
splendent than that of the summer's sun, and that the armor you wear " never 
gleamed upon earthly anvil," still would we be one with you in fidelity to duty, 
in loyalty to liberty, in devotion to the country which is the mother of us all. 

The monument was then formally surrendered to Mayor Davis, as the repre- 
sentative of the city, by Mr. Crompton, who spoke as follows : — 

"Mr. Mayor, — The committee, believing that with these exercises their fur- 
ther care and responsibility should end, find it now their final but pleasing duty 
to consign to your care, as chief magistrate of the city, and that of your succes- 
sors forever, this grateful tribute of our citizens ; to the end that it may be pro- 
tected and preserved as a memorial of troublous times, when Worcester 
discharged her duty to herself and to the nation." 

The Hon. Edw^ard L. Davis, in accepting the trust, responded in the follow- 
ing words : — 

"Sir, — You and your associates have carried out the wishes of the govern- 
ment and of the people in a manner which entitles you to their lasting gratitude. 

" Your labors have been long : your difficulties have been great. But by pa- 
tience, by good judgment, and, I may add, by good fortune, success has finally 
been attained ; and to-day, not only is the eye pleased, but the heart is satisfied. 
A sacred promise has been fulfilled. Man's word to his fellow-man, when the 
nation's life was threatened, and danger and death were near, has, in these 
later days of peace, been faithfully kept. The memories of the brave who fell 
are honored ; the confidence and hopes of the living are strengthened. 

" In the name of the City of Worcester, in behalf of the people as their legal 
representative, I thank you and congratulate you upon this happy result. 

" These impressive ceremonies are most fitting. By prayer, by the joyful 
strains of praise, and hymn of thanksgiving, by eloquent appeals to every senti- 
ment of loyalty and patriotism from those who fought for our country's cause in 
legislative hall and on the battle-field, by the presence of this vast concourse of 
people, the seal of approval is given, and the dedication is complete. 

" This monument, founded upon the principles of liberty and equality, built up 
by the willing contributions of more than forty thousand people, beautified by 
its natural surrounding, ornamented by art, and sanctified by the blood of those 
whose precious lives it commemorates, I accept for the City of Worcester; to be 
held in affectionate veneration, to be guarded by strictest watch and ward, to be 
handed down from age to age." 

The audience then joined in singing the anthem " Old Hundred," the Ger- 
mania Band leading ; and, at the conclusion of the singing, the exercises were 
closed with the benediction, pronounced by Rev. E. H. Hall, pastor of the 
First Unitarian Church, formerly chaplain of the Forty-fourth Massachusetts 
Rei'^iment. 



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